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Options for Reducing the Deficit: 2025 to 2034 | Congressional Budget Office
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datetime="2024-12-12T12:00:00Z">December 12, 2024</time> </div> <div class="content-type"> Report </div> </div> <!-- /.meta --> <div class="field field--name-field-homepage-graphic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/918/public/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg?itok=GVRyEZ_k 918w, /sites/default/files/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg 1650w" media="@media screen and (min-width: 61.25em) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 61.25em) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="918px" width="1650" height="1100"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg 1x" media="@media screen and (min-width: 48em) and (min-width: 61.25em)" type="image/jpeg" width="1650" height="1100"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg 1x" media="@media screen and (min-width: 61.25em)" type="image/jpeg" width="1650" height="1100"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/240/public/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg?itok=1fiABEWn 240w, /sites/default/files/styles/480/public/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg?itok=t9HZ01GJ 480w, /sites/default/files/styles/624/public/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg?itok=FZUHSR4a 624w, /sites/default/files/styles/800/public/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg?itok=xR-cGTfK 800w, /sites/default/files/styles/1078/public/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg?itok=MA99HDl3 1078w, /sites/default/files/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg 1650w" media="@media screen and (min-width: 28em)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="49vw" width="1650" height="1100"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/240/public/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg?itok=1fiABEWn 240w, /sites/default/files/styles/480/public/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg?itok=t9HZ01GJ 480w, /sites/default/files/styles/624/public/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg?itok=FZUHSR4a 624w, /sites/default/files/styles/800/public/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg?itok=xR-cGTfK 800w, /sites/default/files/styles/1500/public/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg?itok=oDdQwlKt 1500w, /sites/default/files/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg 1650w" type="image/jpeg" sizes="95vw" width="1650" height="1100"/> <img loading="eager" width="480" height="320" src="/sites/default/files/styles/480/public/2024-12/60557-home-BudgetOptions.jpg?itok=t9HZ01GJ" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="summary"> <div class="view view-summary view-id-summary view-display-id-meta_summary js-view-dom-id-33e4274747ff12200db053c88437e7b16baf78c366b7577d9a8a076d8a23bc5b"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><p>CBO periodically issues a compendium of policy options and their estimated effects on the federal budget. This report presents 76 options for altering spending or revenues to reduce federal budget deficits over the next decade.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="meta--data"> <div class="left"> <div id="toc"></div> </div> <div class="right" style=""> <div> <a href="/budget-options" class="button find-budget-options fbo-btn">Find Budget Options</a> </div> <div class="documents" style=""> <div class="view view-view-document view-id-view_document view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-98dda8e096e2e5517fc650e6f8d30ea5c8a5cb168ebd37c29c050b4098571e57"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"> <a href="/system/files/2024-12/60557-budget-options.pdf">View Document</a><div class="document-size">2.48 MB</div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <!-- /.top-section --> <div class="main-section"> <section class="summary"> <header role="button" class="head-section" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="content-panel"> <h2>Summary</h2> </header> <div class="content" id="content-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <article> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>At the request of the House and Senate Committees on the Budget, the Congressional Budget Office periodically issues a compendium of budget options to help inform federal lawmakers about the implications of possible policy choices that would reduce the deficit. This report, the latest in the series, presents 76 options for altering spending and revenues to reduce federal budget deficits.</p><p>The options come from a variety of sources, including legislative proposals, budget proposals from various Administrations, Congressional staff, federal agencies, and private groups. The options are intended to reflect a range of possibilities rather than to rank priorities or present a comprehensive list. The inclusion or exclusion of a particular option does not represent an endorsement or a rejection by CBO. In keeping with CBO’s mandate to provide objective, impartial analysis, this report makes no recommendations.</p></div> </article> <details class="accordion-simple summary-table"> <summary role="button"> <span>Summary Table of Options</span> </summary> <div class="view view-budget-options-2024-summary-table view-id-budget_options_2024_summary_table view-display-id-page_1 js-view-dom-id-68ffcad07e122e6254198003cd73fdcedc65e036483ce854be0509ade118bf26"> <div class="view-content"> <table class="cols-2"> <caption> <h3>Mandatory Spending</h3> </caption> <thead> <tr> <th id="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title" scope="col">Title</th> <th id="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing" scope="col">Savings, 2025–2034 (billions of dollars)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60893" hreflang="en">Reduce Subsidies in the Crop Insurance Program</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">47 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60894" hreflang="en">Raise Fannie Mae's and Freddie Mac's Guarantee Fees and Decrease Their Eligible Loan Limits</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">7 to 15 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60895" hreflang="en">Eliminate the Add-On to Pell Grants, Which Is Funded With Mandatory Spending</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">44<sup>a</sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60896" hreflang="en">Establish Caps on Federal Spending for Medicaid</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">459 to 893 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60897" hreflang="en">Limit State Taxes on Health Care Providers</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">48 to 612 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60898" hreflang="en">Reduce Federal Medicaid Matching Rates</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">69 to 561 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60899" hreflang="en">Increase the Premiums Paid for Medicare Part B</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">510 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60900" hreflang="en">Reduce Medicare Advantage Benchmarks</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">489 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60901" hreflang="en">Adopt a Voucher Plan and Slow the Growth of Federal Contributions for Federal Employees' Health Benefits</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">14 to 16<sup>a</sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60902" hreflang="en">Introduce Enrollment Fees in TRICARE for Life</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">17 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60903" hreflang="en">Introduce Minimum Out-of-Pocket Requirements in TRICARE for Life</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">32 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60904" hreflang="en">Change the Cost-Sharing Rules for Medicare and Restrict Medigap Insurance</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">20 to 129 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60905" hreflang="en">Reduce Medicare's Coverage of Bad Debt</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">17 to 54 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60906" hreflang="en">Consolidate and Reduce Medicare Payments for Graduate Medical Education at Teaching Hospitals</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">94 to 103 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60907" hreflang="en">Modify Payments to Medicare Advantage Plans for Health Risk</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">124 to 1,049 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60908" hreflang="en">Reduce Payments for Hospital Outpatient Departments</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">6 to 157 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60909" hreflang="en">Reduce Payments for Drugs Delivered by 340B Hospitals</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">15 to 74 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60910" hreflang="en">Eliminate Subsidies for Certain Meals in the National School Lunch, School Breakfast, and Child and Adult Care Food Programs</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">14 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60911" hreflang="en">Reduce Social Security Benefits for High Earners</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">48 to 197 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60912" hreflang="en">Establish a Uniform Social Security Benefit</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">283 to 607 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60913" hreflang="en">Raise the Full Retirement Age for Social Security</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">95 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60914" hreflang="en">Require Social Security Disability Insurance Applicants to Have Worked More in Recent Years</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">60 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60915" hreflang="en">Introduce Means-Testing for Eligibility for VA’s Disability Compensation</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">384 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60916" hreflang="en">End VA’s Individual Unemployability Payments to Disabled Veterans at the Full Retirement Age for Social Security</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">14 to 61 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60917" hreflang="en">Reduce VA’s Disability Benefits for Veterans Who Are Older Than the Full Retirement Age for Social Security</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">34 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60918" hreflang="en">Narrow Eligibility for VA's Disability Compensation by Excluding Veterans With Low Disability Ratings</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">11 to 59 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60919" hreflang="en">Use an Alternative Measure of Inflation to Index Social Security and Other Mandatory Programs</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column" class="views-field views-field-nothing">278 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="view view-budget-options-2024-summary-table view-id-budget_options_2024_summary_table view-display-id-attachment_3 js-view-dom-id-941ab23acf790ad6ad132ec1ea1a54b9afe5428f66176daa07476a2a937079d7"> <div class="view-content"> <table class="cols-2"> <caption> <h3>Discretionary Spending</h3> </caption> <thead> <tr> <th id="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title" scope="col">Title</th> <th id="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing" scope="col">Savings, 2025–2034 (billions of dollars)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60920" hreflang="en">Reduce the Department of Defense's Annual Budget</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">959 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60921" hreflang="en">Cap Increases in Basic Pay for Military Service Members</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">22<sup>a</sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60922" hreflang="en">Replace Some Military Personnel with Civilian Employees</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">17<sup>a</sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60923" hreflang="en">Stop Building Ford Class Aircraft Carriers</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">15 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60924" hreflang="en">Cancel the Long-Range Standoff Weapon</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">15 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60925" hreflang="en">Cancel the Army’s Future Long-Range Assault Aircraft</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">11 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60926" hreflang="en">Reduce the Size of the Bomber Force by Retiring the B-1B</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">6 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60927" hreflang="en">Reduce the Size of the Fighter Force by Retiring the F-22</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">29 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60928" hreflang="en">Reduce the Basic Allowance for Housing to 80 Percent of Average Housing Costs</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">17<sup>a</sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60929" hreflang="en">Reduce Funding for International Affairs Programs</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">187 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60930" hreflang="en">Eliminate Federal Funding for National Community Service</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">10 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60931" hreflang="en">Tighten Eligibility for Pell Grants</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">22<sup>a</sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60932" hreflang="en">End Enrollment in VA Medical Care for Veterans in Priority Groups 7 and 8</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">60<sup>a</sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60933" hreflang="en">Reduce the Annual Across-the-Board Adjustment for Federal Civilian Employees’ Pay</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">77<sup>a</sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60934" hreflang="en">Reduce Selected Nondefense Discretionary Spending</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">339 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60935" hreflang="en">Reduce Funding for Certain Grants to State and Local Governments</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">67 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60936" hreflang="en">Repeal the Davis-Bacon Act</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--2" class="views-field views-field-nothing">18<sup>a</sup> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="view view-budget-options-2024-summary-table view-id-budget_options_2024_summary_table view-display-id-budgetoptions_revenues_small js-view-dom-id-66ca84a4a868a82d4246ed1a19ad6412dd769132cacc5060e987c93a56766434"> <div class="view-content"> <table class="cols-2"> <caption> <h3>Revenues</h3> </caption> <thead> <tr> <th id="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title" scope="col">Title</th> <th id="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing" scope="col">Savings, 2025–2034 (billions of dollars)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60937" hreflang="en">Increase Individual Income Tax Rates on Ordinary Income</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">570 to 1,185 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60938" hreflang="en">Impose a Surtax on Individuals' Adjusted Gross Income</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">1,051 to 1,440 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60940" hreflang="en">Raise the Tax Rates on Long-Term Capital Gains and Qualified Dividends by 2 Percentage Points</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">103 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60941" hreflang="en">Eliminate or Modify Head-of-Household Filing Status</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">76 to 209 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60939" hreflang="en">Eliminate or Limit Itemized Deductions</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">736 to 3,424 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60942" hreflang="en">Limit the Deduction for Charitable Giving</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">324 to 348 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60943" hreflang="en">Change the Taxation of Assets Transferred at Death</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">197 to 536 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60944" hreflang="en">Eliminate the Tax Exemption for New Qualified Private Activity Bonds</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">43 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60945" hreflang="en">Expand the Base of the Net Investment Income Tax to Include the Income of Active Participants in S Corporations and Limited Partnerships</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">420 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60946" hreflang="en">Tax Carried Interest as Ordinary Income</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">13 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60947" hreflang="en">Include VA's Disability Payments in Taxable Income</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">235 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60953" hreflang="en">Reduce Tax Subsidies for Employment-Based Health Benefits</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">521 to 965 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60948" hreflang="en">Further Limit Annual Contributions to Retirement Plans</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">187 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60949" hreflang="en">Eliminate Certain Tax Preferences for Education Expenses</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">130 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60950" hreflang="en">Lower the Investment Income Limit for the Earned Income Tax Credit and Extend That Limit to the Refundable Portion of the Child Tax Credit</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">11 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60951" hreflang="en">Require People Who Claim the Earned Income Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit to Have a Social Security Number That is Valid for Employment</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">28 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60954" hreflang="en">Impose a New Payroll Tax</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">1,282 to 2,540 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60955" hreflang="en">Increase the Maximum Taxable Earnings That Are Subject to Social Security Payroll Taxes</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">728 to 1,427 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60952" hreflang="en">Expand Social Security to Include Newly Hired State and Local Government Employees</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">149 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60956" hreflang="en">Increase the Corporate Income Tax Rate by 1 Percentage Point</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">136 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60960" hreflang="en">Tax All Foreign Income of U.S. Corporations at the Full Statutory Corporate Rate</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">340 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60957" hreflang="en">Repeal the "Last In, First Out" Approach to Inventory Identification and the "Lower of Cost or Market" and "Subnormal Goods" Methods of Inventory Valuation</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">104 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60958" hreflang="en">Require Half of Advertising Expenses to Be Amortized Over 5 or 10 Years</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">83 to 177 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60959" hreflang="en">Repeal the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">69 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60965" hreflang="en">Increase Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">88 to 102 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60964" hreflang="en">Increase Excise Taxes on Tobacco Products</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">51 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60963" hreflang="en">Increase Excise Taxes on Motor Fuels and Index Them for Inflation</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">212 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60961" hreflang="en">Impose a 5 Percent Value-Added Tax</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">2,180 to 3,380 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60962" hreflang="en">Impose a Tax on Emissions of Greenhouse Gases</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">645 to 919 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60966" hreflang="en">Impose a Tax on Financial Transactions</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">297 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60967" hreflang="en">Increase Certain Fees Charged by Citizenship and Immigration Services and Customs and Border Protection by 20 Percent</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">16 </td> </tr> <tr> <td headers="view-title-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-title"><a href="/budget-options/60968" hreflang="en">Increase Federal Civilian Employees' Contributions to the Federal Employees Retirement System</a> </td> <td headers="view-nothing-table-column--3" class="views-field views-field-nothing">40 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p>VA = Department of Veterans Affairs.</p> <p>For options affecting primarily mandatory spending or revenues, savings sometimes would derive from changes in both. When that is the case, the savings shown include effects on both mandatory spending and revenues. For options affecting primarily discretionary spending, the savings shown are the decrease in discretionary outlays.</p> <p>a. Savings do not encompass all budgetary effects.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </details> </div> </section> <section class="documents"> <header class="head-section"> <a name="data"></a> <h2 id="">Data and Supplemental Information</h2> </header> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-supplemental-attachments view-id-supplemental_attachments view-display-id-block_3 js-view-dom-id-56752a22b8e1f2005d98baaeafd685722461d5b11bc87c24d7136cb281e34dc1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-name"><div class="field-content"><a href="/system/files/2024-12/60557-Data.xlsx">Data Underlying Tables</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-uploaded-file-note"><span class="field-content uploaded-file-note"></span></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-name"><div class="field-content"><a href="/system/files/2024-12/60557-budget-options.xlsx">Tables Showing Estimated Budgetary Effects</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-uploaded-file-note"><span class="field-content uploaded-file-note"></span></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="related-publications"> <header class="head-section" role="button"> <h2 id="">Related Publications</h2> </header> <div class="content"> <div class="view view-related view-id-related view-display-id-publications js-view-dom-id-062e6d290eaaade718e521ff749955d65dcccdd4d10c062f029461fa5aab1b8e"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publication/60868" hreflang="en">How Changes in Revenues and Outlays Would Affect Debt Service, Deficits, and Debt</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2024-10-29T12:00:00Z">October 29, 2024</time> </div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span 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class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publication/58164" hreflang="en">Options for Reducing the Deficit, 2023 to 2032--Volume I: Larger Reductions</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2022-12-07T12:00:00Z">December 7, 2022</time> </div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publication/58163" hreflang="en">Options for Reducing the Deficit, 2023 to 2032--Volume II: Smaller Reductions</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time datetime="2022-12-07T12:00:00Z">December 7, 2022</time> </div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/publication/57420" hreflang="en">Common Budgetary Terms Explained</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-display-date"><div class="field-content"><time 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