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id="toc-Name_and_meaning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_other_Polynesian_cultures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_Polynesian_cultures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>In other Polynesian cultures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_other_Polynesian_cultures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_nine_stars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_nine_stars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The nine stars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_nine_stars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Māori_New_Year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Māori_New_Year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Māori New Year</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Māori_New_Year-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Māori New Year subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Māori_New_Year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Puanga_and_Matariki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puanga_and_Matariki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Puanga and Matariki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puanga_and_Matariki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_celebration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_celebration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Traditional celebration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Traditional_celebration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Traditional celebration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Traditional_celebration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Viewing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viewing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Viewing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viewing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Remembering_the_deceased" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remembering_the_deceased"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Remembering the deceased</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remembering_the_deceased-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offering_of_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offering_of_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Offering of food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offering_of_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_observance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_observance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Modern observance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_observance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern observance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_observance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_holiday" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_holiday"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Public holiday</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_holiday-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Matariki</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A" title="ماتاريكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماتاريكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Matariki" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Matariki" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Matariki" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ماتاریکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماتاریکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Մատարիկի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մատարիկի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Matariki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Matariki" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Матарики – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Матарики" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Matariki" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Matariki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Matariki" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Матарики – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Матарики" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Matariki_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Matariki (disambiguation)">Matariki (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: lightsalmon">Matariki</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:M45_Pleiades_Pbkwee_(cropped_to_core_9_stars).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/M45_Pleiades_Pbkwee_%28cropped_to_core_9_stars%29.jpg/240px-M45_Pleiades_Pbkwee_%28cropped_to_core_9_stars%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/M45_Pleiades_Pbkwee_%28cropped_to_core_9_stars%29.jpg/360px-M45_Pleiades_Pbkwee_%28cropped_to_core_9_stars%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/M45_Pleiades_Pbkwee_%28cropped_to_core_9_stars%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="436" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori people</a>, New Zealand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Significance</th><td class="infobox-data summary">Heliacal rising of the Pleiades star cluster (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: <i lang="mi">Matariki</i>), signalling the Māori new year.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Celebrations</th><td class="infobox-data">Some hold dawn ceremonies and/or lay a <a href="/wiki/H%C4%81ng%C4%AB" title="Hāngī">hāngī</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">June to July (varies)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2023 date</th><td class="infobox-data">14 July</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2024 date</th><td class="infobox-data">28 June</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2025 date</th><td class="infobox-data">20 June</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Annual</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First time</th><td class="infobox-data">June 28</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a>, <b>Matariki</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a> star cluster and a celebration of its <a href="/wiki/Heliacal_rising" title="Heliacal rising">first rising</a> in late June or early July. The rising marks the beginning of the new year in the Māori <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a>. </p><p>Historically, Matariki was usually celebrated for a period of days during the last quarter of the moon of the lunar month Pipiri (around June). The ceremony involved viewing the individual stars for forecasts of the year to come, mourning the deceased of the past year, and making an offering of food to replenish the stars. Some Māori use the rise of Puanga (<a href="/wiki/Rigel" title="Rigel">Rigel</a>) or other stars to mark the new year. </p><p>Celebration of Matariki declined during the 20th century, but beginning in the early 1990s it underwent a revival. Matariki was first celebrated as an official <a href="/wiki/Public_holiday_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Public holiday in New Zealand">public holiday in New Zealand</a> on 24 June 2022. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_meaning">Name and meaning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and meaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Matariki is the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> name for the cluster of stars known to Western astronomers as the <a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a> in the constellation <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a>. <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Matariki</i></span> is a shortened version of <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Ngā mata o te ariki o Tāwhirimātea</i></span>, "the eyes of the god Tāwhirimātea".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Māori tradition, <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81whirim%C4%81tea" title="Tāwhirimātea">Tāwhirimātea</a>, the god of wind and weather, was enraged by the separation of heaven and earth – his parents, <a href="/wiki/Rangi_and_Papa" title="Rangi and Papa">Ranginui and Papatūānuku</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Defeated in battle by his brother, Tāwhirimātea fled to the sky to live with Ranginui, but in his anger he first plucked out his eyes as a gesture of contempt towards his siblings, and flung them into the sky, where they remain, stuck to his father's chest. In Māori tradition the unpredictability of the winds is blamed on Tāwhirimātea's blindness.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup> </p><p>The word <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Matariki</i></span> is the name of both the star cluster and one of the stars within it. Other terms for the cluster as a whole include <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Te Tautari-nui-o-Matariki</i></span> ("Matariki fixed in the heavens") and <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Te Huihui o Matariki</i></span> ("the assembly of Matariki").<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21–22">: 21–22 </span></sup> </p><p>Matariki is sometimes incorrectly translated as <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">mata riki</i></span> ("little eyes"), a mistake originating in the work of <a href="/wiki/Elsdon_Best" title="Elsdon Best">Elsdon Best</a> and continued by others.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_other_Polynesian_cultures">In other Polynesian cultures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In other Polynesian cultures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>matariki</i> or similar, referring to the Pleiades, is found in many <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian</a> languages.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas</a> the star cluster is known as <span title="South Marquesan-language text"><i lang="mqm">Mataiʻi</i></span> or <span title="South Marquesan-language text"><i lang="mqm">Mataʻiki</i></span>, in the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cooks</a> as <span title="Cook Islands Māori-language text"><i lang="rar">Matariki</i></span>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Tuamotus" title="Tuamotus">Tuamotu</a> archipelago as <span title="Tuamotuan-language text"><i lang="pmt">Mata-ariki</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15">: 15 </span></sup> In some languages it has Best's meaning of 'little eyes', but in most it is a contraction of <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">mata-ariki</i></span>, meaning 'eyes of the god' or 'eyes of the chief'.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 19">: 19 </span></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiʻi</a>, the rising of <span title="Hawaiian-language text"><i lang="haw">Makaliʻi</i></span> in November ushers in the four-month season <a href="/wiki/Makahiki" title="Makahiki">Makahiki</a>, which honours <a href="/wiki/Lono" title="Lono">Lono</a>, the god of agriculture and fertility.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13">: 13 </span></sup> In Tahiti, the year was divided into two seasons, named according to whether the Pleiades are visible after sunset: <span title="Tahitian-language text"><i lang="ty">Matariʻi i nia</i></span> ('<span title="Tahitian-language text"><i lang="ty">Matariʻi</i></span> above') and <span title="Tahitian-language text"><i lang="ty">Matariʻi i raro</i></span> ('<span title="Tahitian-language text"><i lang="ty">Matariʻi</i></span> below').<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Rapa Nui</a>, Matariki heralded the New Year, and its disappearance in mid-April ended the fishing season.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15">: 15 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_nine_stars">The nine stars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The nine stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Matariki_Stars.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_Matariki_Stars.png/500px-The_Matariki_Stars.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_Matariki_Stars.png/750px-The_Matariki_Stars.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_Matariki_Stars.png/1000px-The_Matariki_Stars.png 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Māori and Greek names for the nine stars of Matariki</figcaption></figure> <p>To the ancient Greeks, the <a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a> contained nine stars: the parents <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(star)" title="Atlas (star)">Atlas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pleione_(star)" title="Pleione (star)">Pleione</a>, positioned to one side of the cluster, and their seven daughters <a href="/wiki/Alcyone_(star)" title="Alcyone (star)">Alcyone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maia_(star)" title="Maia (star)">Maia</a>, <a href="/wiki/19_Tauri" class="mw-redirect" title="19 Tauri">Taygeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electra_(star)" title="Electra (star)">Electra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merope_(star)" title="Merope (star)">Merope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celaeno_(star)" title="Celaeno (star)">Celaeno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sterope_(star)" title="Sterope (star)">Sterope</a>. </p><p>Many Māori sources, especially older ones, list seven stars in Matariki: Matariki herself, the central star in the cluster (the <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kai whakahaere</i></span> or 'conductor'), and six children.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emblem of the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King Movement">Kīngitanga</a> or Māori King movement, Te Paki o Matariki, includes the star Matariki flanked by three stars on each side.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The six other stars are sometimes named as Matariki's daughters; it has been suggested that the idea of Matariki as a group of seven female stars was influenced by the concept of the Pleiades' "seven sisters".<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The manuscript of Rāwiri Te Kōkau passed on to <a href="/wiki/Rangi_M%C4%81t%C4%81mua" title="Rangi Mātāmua">Rangi Mātāmua</a> recognised nine stars in Matariki, adding Pōhutukawa and Hiwa-i-te-Rangi (also known just as Hiwa) to make a total of eight children, five of which were female and three male. The father of Matariki's children was Rehua, paramount chief of the heavens, identified by Māori as the star <a href="/wiki/Antares" title="Antares">Antares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22–24">: 22–24 </span></sup> </p><p>The stars of Matariki and their genders as recorded by Te Kōkau are identified with particular traits and areas of influence, also reflected in their positions in the star cluster:<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 24–35">: 24–35 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Reinga,_Northland,_New_Zealand,_October_2007_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cape_Reinga%2C_Northland%2C_New_Zealand%2C_October_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Cape_Reinga%2C_Northland%2C_New_Zealand%2C_October_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cape_Reinga%2C_Northland%2C_New_Zealand%2C_October_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Cape_Reinga%2C_Northland%2C_New_Zealand%2C_October_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cape_Reinga%2C_Northland%2C_New_Zealand%2C_October_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Cape_Reinga%2C_Northland%2C_New_Zealand%2C_October_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>The lone <a href="/wiki/Metrosideros_excelsa" title="Metrosideros excelsa">pōhutukawa</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Reinga" title="Cape Reinga">Cape Reinga</a> marks Te Rerenga Wairua, the departing place of the spirits of the dead</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>The nine stars of Matariki </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Māori </th> <th>Greek </th> <th>Gender </th> <th>Provenance </th></tr> <tr> <td>Matariki </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_(star)" title="Alcyone (star)">Alcyone</a> </td> <td>Female </td> <td>Well-being and health </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tupu-ā-rangi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(star)" title="Atlas (star)">Atlas</a> </td> <td>Male </td> <td>Food that comes from above </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tupu-ā-nuku </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pleione_(star)" title="Pleione (star)">Pleione</a> </td> <td>Female </td> <td>Food that grows in the soil </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ururangi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merope_(star)" title="Merope (star)">Merope</a> </td> <td>Male </td> <td>The winds </td></tr> <tr> <td>Waipunā-ā-rangi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Electra_(star)" title="Electra (star)">Electra</a> </td> <td>Female </td> <td>Rainwater </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hiwa-i-te-rangi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Celaeno_(star)" title="Celaeno (star)">Celaeno</a> </td> <td>Female </td> <td>Growth and prosperity </td></tr> <tr> <td>Waitī </td> <td><a href="/wiki/19_Tauri" class="mw-redirect" title="19 Tauri">Maia</a> </td> <td>Female </td> <td>Fresh water </td></tr> <tr> <td>Waitā </td> <td><a href="/wiki/19_Tauri" class="mw-redirect" title="19 Tauri">Taygeta</a> </td> <td>Male </td> <td>The ocean </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pōhutukawa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sterope_(star)" title="Sterope (star)">Sterope</a> </td> <td>Female </td> <td>The deceased </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The star Pōhutukawa's association with the departed relates to the lone <a href="/wiki/Metrosideros_excelsa" title="Metrosideros excelsa">pōhutukawa</a> tree at Te Rerenga Wairua (<a href="/wiki/Cape_Reinga" title="Cape Reinga">Cape Reinga</a>), the departing place for the spirits of the deceased as they return to the ancestral homeland of Hawaiki. Mourning the deceased is one component of the Matariki celebration.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26">: 26 </span></sup> </p><p>Hiwa-i-te-rangi, also known just as Hiwa, is the youngest of Matariki's children and was considered the "wishing star": Māori would rest their hopes and desires on Hiwa, similar to "wishing upon a star", and if it appeared to shine bright and clear on the first viewing of Matariki those individual and collective wishes were likely to be answered.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 61">: 61 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Māori_New_Year"><span id="M.C4.81ori_New_Year"></span>Māori New Year</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Māori New Year"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Te_Paki_o_Matariki_door_Turanga-waewae_Marae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Te_Paki_o_Matariki_door_Turanga-waewae_Marae.jpg/220px-Te_Paki_o_Matariki_door_Turanga-waewae_Marae.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Te_Paki_o_Matariki_door_Turanga-waewae_Marae.jpg/330px-Te_Paki_o_Matariki_door_Turanga-waewae_Marae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Te_Paki_o_Matariki_door_Turanga-waewae_Marae.jpg/440px-Te_Paki_o_Matariki_door_Turanga-waewae_Marae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1788" /></a><figcaption>Door displaying Matariki as part of the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King Movement">Kīngitanga</a> coat of arms, Te Māhinārangi meeting house, Tūrangawaewae marae, <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ruaw%C4%81hia" title="Ngāruawāhia">Ngāruawāhia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TePakiOMatariki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/TePakiOMatariki.jpg/220px-TePakiOMatariki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/TePakiOMatariki.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="261" /></a><figcaption>Masthead of <i>Te Paki o Matariki</i>, newspaper of the Kīngitanga movement, showing the stars of Matariki</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waikato_Kingite_flag_Cowan_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Waikato_Kingite_flag_Cowan_1930.jpg/220px-Waikato_Kingite_flag_Cowan_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Waikato_Kingite_flag_Cowan_1930.jpg/330px-Waikato_Kingite_flag_Cowan_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Waikato_Kingite_flag_Cowan_1930.jpg/440px-Waikato_Kingite_flag_Cowan_1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption>Kīngitanga flag from Waahi, showing the seven stars of Matariki</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional Māori culture was interwoven with astronomical knowledge, with constellations and the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_phase" title="Lunar phase">lunar cycle</a> used for navigation, planting and harvesting, delineating the seasons, and marking the spawning and migration of fish.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This knowledge was passed down by oral tradition, and different regions and <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a> recorded different dates, significant constellations, and traditional calendars or <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">maramataka</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a> constellation (Matariki) is visible for most of the year in New Zealand, except for approximately a month in the middle of winter. Matariki finally sets in the west in the early evening in May, and reappears just prior to <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">sunrise</a> in late June or early July, which begins the first month of the Māori lunar calendar, Pipiri (meaning to huddle together).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the months of the Māori calendar are indicated by this <a href="/wiki/Heliacal_rising" title="Heliacal rising">heliacal rising</a> of a particular star on the eastern horizon just before dawn, on the night of the new moon: for example, the tenth month, Poutūterangi, is signalled by the heliacal rising of <a href="/wiki/Altair" title="Altair">Altair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 38">: 38 </span></sup> Matariki's role in signalling the start of the year means it is known as <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">te whetū o te tau</i></span> ("the star of the year").<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 42">: 42 </span></sup> </p><p>The time in midsummer when Matariki is overhead in the night sky is referred to as <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">te paki o Matariki</i></span>, i.e. the calm weather of summer – a phrase meaning good weather and good fortune. In Māori historical recollection, the <a href="/wiki/Tainui_(canoe)" title="Tainui (canoe)">Tainui canoe</a> was instructed to leave the homeland of <a href="/wiki/Hawaiki" title="Hawaiki">Hawaiki</a> for <a href="/wiki/Aotearoa" title="Aotearoa">Aotearoa</a> in summer, when Matariki was overhead: this being a direct, ancient historical reference to Māori use of star navigation, for long sea voyaging. Because of these associations with peace and calm, the second Māori king, <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81whiao" title="Tāwhiao">Matutaera Tāwhiao</a>, chose Matariki as an emblem, and the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King Movement">Kīngitanga</a> newspaper was named <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Te Paki o Matariki</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 42">: 42 </span></sup> </p><p>Most celebration of Matariki begins in the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_phase" title="Lunar phase">last quarter phase</a> of the moon after the constellation's first appearance, during 3–4 nights known as "the nights of <a href="/wiki/Tangaroa" title="Tangaroa">Tangaroa</a>" (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">ngā po o Tangaroa</i></span>), and finishes on the night before the <a href="/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">new moon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new moon, or <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">whiro</i></span>, is considered inauspicious in the Māori calendar, so would spoil any celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 49">: 49 </span></sup> Because Māori traditionally use a 354-day <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a> with 29.5 days to the month, rather than the 365-day <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a> solar calendar, the dates of Matariki vary each year. Māori did not use a single unified lunar calendar, and different iwi might recognise different numbers of months, give them different names, or start the month on the full moon rather than the new moon.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 37–40">: 37–40 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puanga_and_Matariki">Puanga and Matariki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Puanga and Matariki"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There has also always been regional variation across Aotearoa, in which stars signal the start of the New Year, and what date is chosen to celebrate it. Some <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a> (tribes) – specifically those in the <a href="/wiki/Northland_Region" title="Northland Region">far north</a> of Te Ika-a-Māui (the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a>), the mid-western parts of Te Ika-a-Māui around <a href="/wiki/Taranaki" title="Taranaki">Taranaki</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a>, and much of Te Waipounamu (<a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>) – celebrate Puanga, using the rising of the brighter star <a href="/wiki/Rigel" title="Rigel">Rigel</a> (<i>Puanga</i> in northern Māori, <i>Puaka</i> in southern Māori) as the marker of the New Year, instead of Matariki. This is sometimes attributed to Puanga being more visible or visible earlier than Matariki, but, as Rangi Mātāmua puts it, "the variation in the rising between Matariki and Puanga is very small, and if the Tangaroa nights of Piripi are observed correctly, then both stars will be seen in the morning sky."<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 75">: 75 </span></sup> It has been suggested that that tradition of Puaka belonged to the first Polynesian settlers to arrive in Aotearoa, and Matariki was brought by a second wave of arrivals, who also brought the first kūmara (with which Matariki is associated).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Māori tradition the stars Puanga and Matariki were rivals, with Puanga beautifying herself every winter, attempting to be the star beside which the sun rises and signals the New Year, but being eternally frustrated when each year the Sun rose beside Matariki.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 75">: 75 </span></sup> </p><p>Other iwi use Atutahi (<a href="/wiki/Canopus" title="Canopus">Canopus</a>) rather than Puanga, or the setting of Rehua (<a href="/wiki/Antares" title="Antares">Antares</a>) in winter, to mark the New Year.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_celebration">Traditional celebration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Traditional celebration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Matariki was an occasion to mourn the deceased, celebrate the present, and prepare the ground for the coming year.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceremony had three parts: viewing the stars, remembering the deceased, and making an offering of food to the stars.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time of the year was also a good time to instruct young people in the lore of the land and the forest. In addition, certain birds and fish were associated with Matariki: to <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_T%C5%ABhoe" title="Ngāi Tūhoe">Tūhoe</a> it marked the beginning of the season where <a href="/wiki/Kerer%C5%AB" title="Kererū">kererū</a> or native pigeon could be captured, cooked, and preserved in its own fat, and the rise of Matariki corresponded with the return of <a href="/wiki/Pouched_lamprey" title="Pouched lamprey">korokoro</a> (lampreys) from the sea to spawn in rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 75">: 75 </span></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Food traditionally associated with Matariki</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kumara_for_sale_in_New_Zealand_(2021).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kūmara (Ipomoea batatas)"><img alt="Kūmara (Ipomoea batatas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kumara_for_sale_in_New_Zealand_%282021%29.jpg/400px-Kumara_for_sale_in_New_Zealand_%282021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kumara_for_sale_in_New_Zealand_%282021%29.jpg/600px-Kumara_for_sale_in_New_Zealand_%282021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kumara_for_sale_in_New_Zealand_%282021%29.jpg/800px-Kumara_for_sale_in_New_Zealand_%282021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABmara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kūmara">Kūmara</a> (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerer%C5%AB_on_a_rangiora_at_Zealandia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae)"><img alt="Kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Kerer%C5%AB_on_a_rangiora_at_Zealandia.jpg/400px-Kerer%C5%AB_on_a_rangiora_at_Zealandia.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Kerer%C5%AB_on_a_rangiora_at_Zealandia.jpg/600px-Kerer%C5%AB_on_a_rangiora_at_Zealandia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Kerer%C5%AB_on_a_rangiora_at_Zealandia.jpg/800px-Kerer%C5%AB_on_a_rangiora_at_Zealandia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4454" data-file-height="3341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kerer%C5%AB" title="Kererū">Kererū</a> (<i>Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 278px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 276px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamprey_(Geotria_australis),_Northland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Korokoro (Geotria australis)"><img alt="Korokoro (Geotria australis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lamprey_%28Geotria_australis%29%2C_Northland.jpg/414px-Lamprey_%28Geotria_australis%29%2C_Northland.jpg" decoding="async" width="276" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lamprey_%28Geotria_australis%29%2C_Northland.jpg/620px-Lamprey_%28Geotria_australis%29%2C_Northland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lamprey_%28Geotria_australis%29%2C_Northland.jpg/827px-Lamprey_%28Geotria_australis%29%2C_Northland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2375" data-file-height="1723" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pouched_lamprey" title="Pouched lamprey">Korokoro</a> (<i>Geotria australis</i>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viewing">Viewing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Viewing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the frequent poor weather in winter, the viewing of Matariki was spread across the three or four nights of Tangaroa to increase the chance that the stars would be clearly seen. The first clear night marked the beginning of festivities.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> When Matariki reappeared, Māori would look to its stars for a forecast of the coming season's prosperity: if they shone clear and bright, the remaining winter would be warm, but hazy or twinkling stars predicted bad weather in the season ahead.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colour, brightness, and distinctiveness of each star in Matariki would be assessed, and forecasts made according to each of their associations: for example, if Tupu-ā-rangi did not shine clearly then hunters would expect a poor catch of birds in the coming season. Pōhutukawa was linked to the deceased, so its brightness would signal how many people were likely to pass away in the coming year.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60–61">: 60–61 </span></sup> These predictions were made by <a href="/wiki/Tohunga" title="Tohunga">tohunga</a> kōkōrangi, learned elders who had studied and debated for many years in a whare kōkōrangi (house of astronomical learning). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remembering_the_deceased">Remembering the deceased</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Remembering the deceased"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the forecasts for the year had been read from the stars, the deceased were invoked with tears and song in a ceremony called <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">te taki mōteatea</i></span> ("the reciting of laments"). The names of everyone who had died since Matariki's last rising were recited.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 63">: 63 </span></sup> Traditionally, Māori believed that the spirits of the dead were collected during the year and at the setting of Matariki in the month of Hautara they were led into the afterlife. On the rising of Matariki at the start of the year, the deceased of the past year were carried up from the underworld and cast up into the night sky to become stars, accompanied by prayers and the recitation of their names. Beginning the mourning for the previous year's departed at Matariki is still reflected in modern Māori mourning practices.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 64–65">: 64–65 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offering_of_food">Offering of food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Offering of food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An important part of the celebration was <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">whāngai i te hautapu</i></span>, a ceremonial offering of food to the stars. The reasoning was that Matariki, after shepherding the spirits of the dead up from the underworld and turning the sun back from the winter solstice, would be weak and in need of sustenance. A small <a href="/wiki/H%C4%81ng%C4%AB" title="Hāngī">hāngī</a> or earth oven was built, with heated stones in a pit on which was placed food, a layer of leaves, and earth. The uncovering of the cooked food released steam which rose into the sky and fed the stars, the steam being the <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">hautapu</i></span> or sacred offering.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 69–70">: 69–70 </span></sup> The food was chosen to correspond with the domains of the stars in Matariki: these might include <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">kūmara</a> for Tupuānuku, a bird for Tupuārangi, freshwater fish for Waitī, and shellfish for Waitā. The offering of food was the final part of the ceremony, which ended at sunrise.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 69–70">: 69–70 </span></sup> </p><p>The Matariki ceremony was followed by days of festivities – song, dance, and feasting – known as <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">te mātahi o te tau</i></span> ("the first fruits of the year"), celebrating prosperity, life, and the promise of the year to come.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 72–73">: 72–73 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_observance">Modern observance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern observance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Fingers_of_Mother_Earth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/The_Fingers_of_Mother_Earth.jpg/220px-The_Fingers_of_Mother_Earth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/The_Fingers_of_Mother_Earth.jpg/330px-The_Fingers_of_Mother_Earth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/The_Fingers_of_Mother_Earth.jpg/440px-The_Fingers_of_Mother_Earth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4005" data-file-height="3004" /></a><figcaption><i>The Fingers of Mother Earth</i> sculpture at <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge_Aotearoa" title="Stonehenge Aotearoa">Stonehenge Aotearoa</a> marks the heliacal rise of Matariki</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahi_K%C4%81_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ahi_K%C4%81_%288%29.jpg/220px-Ahi_K%C4%81_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ahi_K%C4%81_%288%29.jpg/330px-Ahi_K%C4%81_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ahi_K%C4%81_%288%29.jpg/440px-Ahi_K%C4%81_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3483" data-file-height="2543" /></a><figcaption>Ahi Kā festival of fire and light celebrating Matariki, <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, June 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>With the colonisation of New Zealand by <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a> settlers in the 19th century, many traditional Māori practices began to decline. Some aspects of Matariki were incorporated into new religious traditions such as the <a href="/wiki/Ringat%C5%AB" title="Ringatū">Ringatū</a> church, but its traditional celebration had almost ceased by the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87">: 87 </span></sup> The last of the traditional Matariki celebrations were recorded in the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dansey records the ceremony being still practised in the 1880s or 1890s, and gives an account of one elderly <a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a> woman carrying on the custom on her own until her death in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The revival of the celebration of Matariki can be traced to the early 1990s, sparked by various Māori iwi and organisations such as the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa">Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87">: 87 </span></sup> for example in 1995 there was a festival called <i>Pipitea Marae: Te Whakanui i a Matariki,</i> at <a href="/wiki/Thorndon,_New_Zealand" title="Thorndon, New Zealand">Pipitea Marae</a>, Wellington City supported by Te Awa Kairangi Community Arts, Te Atiawa FM, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">Ernst & Young</a> and Te Taura Whiri.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Te Rangi Huata of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahungunu" title="Ngāti Kahungunu">Ngāti Kahungunu</a> began in 2000 an annual Matariki celebration in Hastings, which attracted 500 people, which reached 15,000 in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Language_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Language Commission">Māori Language Commission</a> began a move to "reclaim Matariki, or <a href="/wiki/Aotearoa" title="Aotearoa">Aotearoa</a> <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a>, as an important focus for Māori language regeneration". In 2016 <a href="/wiki/Te_W%C4%81nanga_o_Aotearoa" title="Te Wānanga o Aotearoa">Te Wānanga o Aotearoa</a> promoted a new vision of Matariki in a month-long roadshow called "Te Iwa o Matariki" (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">iwa</i></span> being Māori for "nine"), stressing the nine stars recognised by some iwi.<sup id="cite_ref-Matamua_2-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 88">: 88 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matariki2023P%C5%8Dneke_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Matariki2023P%C5%8Dneke_05.jpg/220px-Matariki2023P%C5%8Dneke_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Matariki2023P%C5%8Dneke_05.jpg/330px-Matariki2023P%C5%8Dneke_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Matariki2023P%C5%8Dneke_05.jpg/440px-Matariki2023P%C5%8Dneke_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4469" data-file-height="2520" /></a><figcaption>Ahi Kā festival, Wellington 2023 </figcaption></figure> <p>Since then it has increasingly become common practice for people – Māori and non-Māori – and institutions such as schools, libraries, and city councils to celebrate Matariki in a range of ways.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These have included concerts, festivals of lights, the illumination of Auckland's <a href="/wiki/Sky_Tower_(Auckland)" title="Sky Tower (Auckland)">Sky Tower</a>, and tree planting.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 <a href="/wiki/Wellington_City_Council" title="Wellington City Council">Wellington City Council</a> announced they would cancel the Sky Show fireworks held on <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes_Night" title="Guy Fawkes Night">Guy Fawkes Night</a> for 22 years, and move them to a Matariki cultural festival from July 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The celebrations have taken place over the period of a week or month, anywhere from early June to late August, but increasingly coincide with the winter solstice or the traditional dates of Matariki. </p><p>In 2024, <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>, as <a href="/wiki/King_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="King of New Zealand">King of New Zealand</a>, released a message recognising the holiday in both English and Māori.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier on 30 April, <a href="/wiki/President_of_French_Polynesia" title="President of French Polynesia">President</a> of <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a> <a href="/wiki/Moetai_Brotherson" title="Moetai Brotherson">Moetai Brotherson</a> in a session with his <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(French_Polynesia)" title="Council of Ministers (French Polynesia)">Council of Ministers</a> agreed to make their local counterpart <span title="Tahitian-language text"><i lang="ty">Matariʻi</i></span> as an official public holiday on November 20th in place of <a href="/wiki/Internal_Autonomy_Day" title="Internal Autonomy Day">Internal Autonomy Day</a> on June 29th inspired by the success of the celebrations in Aotearoa following a proposal by its Minister of Culture <a href="/wiki/Eliane_Tevahitua" title="Eliane Tevahitua">Eliane Tevahitua</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the act would be implemented officially on 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_holiday">Public holiday</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Public holiday"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finale_of_Matariki_fireworks_over_the_Wellington_Harbour_from_Brooklyn_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Finale_of_Matariki_fireworks_over_the_Wellington_Harbour_from_Brooklyn_Hill.jpg/220px-Finale_of_Matariki_fireworks_over_the_Wellington_Harbour_from_Brooklyn_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Finale_of_Matariki_fireworks_over_the_Wellington_Harbour_from_Brooklyn_Hill.jpg/330px-Finale_of_Matariki_fireworks_over_the_Wellington_Harbour_from_Brooklyn_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Finale_of_Matariki_fireworks_over_the_Wellington_Harbour_from_Brooklyn_Hill.jpg/440px-Finale_of_Matariki_fireworks_over_the_Wellington_Harbour_from_Brooklyn_Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Fireworks in Wellington on first Matariki public holiday in 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>A proposal to make Matariki an official <a href="/wiki/Public_holiday_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Public holiday in New Zealand">public holiday in New Zealand</a> was made by former <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Party">Māori Party</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Rahui_Katene" title="Rahui Katene">Rahui Katene</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Private_member%27s_bill#New_Zealand" title="Private member's bill">member's bill</a> <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Te Ra o Matariki</i></span> Bill/Matariki Day Bill</i>, drawn from the ballot in June 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bill would have fixed the date of a public holiday using the new moon in June;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this was later changed to the new moon of the heliacal rising of Matariki when the bill was drawn a month later and set down for introduction into Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_2664039_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_2664039-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Waitakere_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Waitakere City">Mayor of Waitakere City</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Harvey_(mayor)" title="Bob Harvey (mayor)">Bob Harvey</a> supported the call to make Matariki a public holiday to replace <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Official_Birthday#New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Official Birthday">Queen's Birthday</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Movement_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Movement of Aotearoa New Zealand">Republican Movement of Aotearoa New Zealand</a>, which found none of New Zealand's local authorities held celebrations for Queen's Birthday but many celebrated Matariki.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Bill itself did not propose abolishing Queen's Birthday, and was voted down at its <a href="/wiki/First_reading" class="mw-redirect" title="First reading">first reading</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a>–<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Party">Māori Party</a> agreement subsequent to the <a href="/wiki/2011_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2011 New Zealand general election">2011 New Zealand general election</a>, both parties agreed to support a "cultural heritage bill to recognise Matariki/Puanga, and to honour the peace-making heritage established at <a href="/wiki/Parihaka" title="Parihaka">Parihaka</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2020, <a href="/wiki/Laura_O%27Connell_Rapira" title="Laura O'Connell Rapira">Laura O'Connell Rapira</a> delivered two combined petitions calling for Matariki to be made a public holiday that were signed by 30,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 September 2020, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a> pledged to make Matariki a public holiday if the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour Party</a> were re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/2020_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2020 New Zealand general election">2020 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposed public holiday would not be implemented until 2022, during which businesses could recover from the economic impacts of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 February 2021, Ardern announced the first date for the public holiday as 24 June 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-beehive-govt-matariki_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beehive-govt-matariki-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legislation to give this legal effect would be introduced during the 2021 parliamentary session.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZHolidayDate_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZHolidayDate-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 July 2021, the day the constellation rose, Ardern announced the proposed dates of the holiday for the next 30 years, as determined by a Matariki Advisory Group drawn from iwi across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The date of the holiday was formalised as the Friday closest to the 4 days of the nights of Tangaroa in the lunar month Piripi.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dates vary from late June to mid July, but are always on a Friday, to encourage people to travel and spend time with their families, and to give an extra public holiday to people who usually miss out on Mondayised public holidays (e.g. those who normally work Tuesday to Saturday).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The date of Matariki varies because the 354-day Māori lunar calendar (with occasional <a href="/wiki/Intercalation_(timekeeping)" title="Intercalation (timekeeping)">intercalary</a> months) only approximates the 365.24 day solar <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a> solar calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 September 2021, Associate Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage <a href="/wiki/Kiri_Allan" title="Kiri Allan">Kiri Allan</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/Te_K%C4%81hui_o_Matariki_Public_Holiday_Act_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Kāhui o Matariki Public Holiday Act 2022">Te Kāhui o Matariki Public Holiday Bill</a> to make Matariki a public holiday. The bill passed its first reading supported by the Labour, <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">Green</a> and Māori parties, but opposed by National and <a href="/wiki/ACT_New_Zealand" title="ACT New Zealand">ACT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National argued that Matariki should replace an existing public holiday instead of being added as a new holiday, to lessen the impact on businesses which is estimated to be <a href="/wiki/NZ$" class="mw-redirect" title="NZ$">NZ$</a>448 million annually.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill passed its second reading on 29 March 2022. During the debate, the National and ACT parties expressed concerns about creating a 12th public holiday; claiming that it would cost NZ$450 million and have a negative impact on businesses. The Labour, Green and Māori parties argued that the bill would establish a new Māori public holiday in the calendar and raise awareness of Māori indigenous knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bill passed its third reading on 7 April.<sup id="cite_ref-rnz-matariki-first_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnz-matariki-first-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the final debate, National MP <a href="/wiki/Paul_Goldsmith" title="Paul Goldsmith">Paul Goldsmith</a> argued that Matariki should replace a previous public holiday while ACT's Small Business spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Chris_Baillie_(politician)" title="Chris Baillie (politician)">Chris Baillie</a> claimed that having a new public holiday would cost businesses NZ$453 million. The Bill's sponsor <a href="/wiki/Kiritapu_Allan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiritapu Allan">Kiritapu Allan</a> defended Matariki, arguing that public holidays reduced employee burnout and stress while boosting hospitality and tourism. National MP <a href="/wiki/Simon_O%27Connor" title="Simon O'Connor">Simon O'Connor</a> suggested naming the bill a "neutral" name such as <a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a>, which prompted Crown-Māori Relations Minister <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Davis_(politician)" title="Kelvin Davis (politician)">Kelvin Davis</a> to claim that the former's remarks showed National's contempt for Māori culture.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill received royal assent on 11 April 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Matariki was first observed as a public holiday on 24 June 2022, including a pre-dawn live broadcast of a hautapu ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-one-news-broadcast-matariki2022_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-one-news-broadcast-matariki2022-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was received positively overall by New Zealanders.<sup id="cite_ref-matariki-implemented-herald_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matariki-implemented-herald-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-one-news-broadcastprep-matariki2022_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-one-news-broadcastprep-matariki2022-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (July 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> Its significance to New Zealanders is also enhanced by being exclusive to New Zealand culture.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-matariki_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-matariki-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 43% of New Zealanders regard Matariki as an important holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-rnz-matarikipoll_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnz-matarikipoll-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For businesses, Matariki is treated identically to most other public holidays; employees working on Matariki are required to be paid <a href="/wiki/Time-and-a-half" title="Time-and-a-half">time-and-a-half</a> and there are no restrictions on shops opening or alcohol sales.<sup id="cite_ref-matariki-tepapa-herald_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matariki-tepapa-herald-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, due to the unique cultural significance of the holiday, Māori cultural advisers and academics have warned companies against commercialising Matariki,<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-matariki_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-matariki-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> citing cultural disrespect.<sup id="cite_ref-matariki-bigmac-stuff_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matariki-bigmac-stuff-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its proximity between <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Official_Birthday" title="King's Official Birthday">King's Birthday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labour_Day_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Day (New Zealand)">Labour Day</a>, concerns were made regarding overcommercialisation of Matariki in terms of appropriating the extended public holiday as an opportunity for shopping events,<sup id="cite_ref-shopping-matariki-rnz_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shopping-matariki-rnz-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-matariki-commercialise-concerns-newshub_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matariki-commercialise-concerns-newshub-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the sale of fireworks.<sup id="cite_ref-matariki-commercialise-concerns-newshub_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matariki-commercialise-concerns-newshub-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are concerns regarding the impact of commercialisation on Matariki in the future, potentially associating the holiday with binge-drinking instead of time with whānau (family) as intended.<sup id="cite_ref-nzherald-notsaintpatties-matariki_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nzherald-notsaintpatties-matariki-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Tangaroa lunar period </th> <th>Matariki public holiday </th></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>21–24 June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">24 June</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>10–13 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">14 July</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td>29 June – 2 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">28 June</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2025 </td> <td>19–22 June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">20 June</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2026 </td> <td>8–11 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">10 July</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2027 </td> <td>27–30 June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">25 June</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2028 </td> <td>15–18 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">14 July</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2029 </td> <td>4–7 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">6 July</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2030 </td> <td>23–26 June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">21 June</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2031 </td> <td>11–14 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">11 July</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2032 </td> <td>30 June – 2 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">2 July</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2033 </td> <td>20–23 June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">24 June</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2034 </td> <td>9–12 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">7 July</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2035 </td> <td>29 June – 1 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">29 June</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matariki_(film)" title="Matariki (film)"><i>Matariki</i></a>, a 2010 New Zealand drama film set in <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctara" title="Ōtara">Ōtara</a>, South Auckland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makahiki" title="Makahiki">Makahiki</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Hawaii" title="Ancient Hawaii">ancient Hawaiian</a> New Year festival</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrikas" title="Matrikas">Matrikas</a>, the Seven Mothers in Hindu tradition, often identified with the <a href="/wiki/Krittika" class="mw-redirect" title="Krittika">Krittika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a>) constellation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeredith2006" class="citation web cs1">Meredith, Paul (12 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/matariki-maori-new-year/page-3">"Matariki – Māori New Year – Modern Matariki"</a>. <i>Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Matariki+%E2%80%93+M%C4%81ori+New+Year+%E2%80%93+Modern+Matariki&rft.date=2006-06-12&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.TeAra.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fmatariki-maori-new-year%2Fpage-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matamua-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matamua_2-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRangi_Mātāmua2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rangi_M%C4%81t%C4%81mua" title="Rangi Mātāmua">Rangi Mātāmua</a> (2018). <i>Matariki: The star of the year</i> (2nd ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Matariki+public+holiday+will+always+fall+on+a+Friday%2C+Government+announces&rft.date=2021-07-02&rft.aulast=Cooke&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fpolitics%2F125624741%2Fmatariki-public-holiday-will-always-fall-on-a-friday-government-announces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/hansard-debates/rhr/combined/HansDeb_20220329_20220329_40">"Te Pire mō te Hararei Tūmatanui o te Kāhui o Matariki / Te Kāhui o Matariki Public Holiday Bill — Second Reading"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a>. 29 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220404071846/https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/hansard-debates/rhr/combined/HansDeb_20220329_20220329_40">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Te+Pire+m%C5%8D+te+Hararei+T%C5%ABmatanui+o+te+K%C4%81hui+o+Matariki+%2F+Te+K%C4%81hui+o+Matariki+Public+Holiday+Bill+%E2%80%94+Second+Reading&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Parliament&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.nz%2Fen%2Fpb%2Fhansard-debates%2Frhr%2Fcombined%2FHansDeb_20220329_20220329_40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rnz-matariki-first-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rnz-matariki-first_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/464833/matariki-public-holiday-passes-into-law">"Matariki public holiday passes into law"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. 7 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407111122/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/464833/matariki-public-holiday-passes-into-law">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Matariki+public+holiday+passes+into+law&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F464833%2Fmatariki-public-holiday-passes-into-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/464833/matariki-public-holiday-passes-into-law">"Matariki public holiday passes into law"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. 7 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407111122/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/464833/matariki-public-holiday-passes-into-law">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Matariki+public+holiday+passes+into+law&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F464833%2Fmatariki-public-holiday-passes-into-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkins2022" class="citation news cs1">Hawkins, Jan (3 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cromwellnews.co.nz/2022/05/matariki-2022-our-new-official-holiday-receives-royal-assent/">"Matariki 2022 – our new official holiday receives royal assent"</a>. <i>Cromwell and District News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cromwell+and+District+News&rft.atitle=Matariki+2022+%E2%80%93+our+new+official+holiday+receives+royal+assent&rft.date=2022-05-03&rft.aulast=Hawkins&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcromwellnews.co.nz%2F2022%2F05%2Fmatariki-2022-our-new-official-holiday-receives-royal-assent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-one-news-broadcast-matariki2022-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-one-news-broadcast-matariki2022_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorthington" class="citation web cs1">Worthington, Samantha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/06/24/matariki-2022-hautapu-ceremony-marks-dawning-of-a-new-day/">"Matariki 2022: Hautapu ceremony marks dawning of a new day"</a>. <i>1 News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1+News&rft.atitle=Matariki+2022%3A+Hautapu+ceremony+marks+dawning+of+a+new+day&rft.aulast=Worthington&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.1news.co.nz%2F2022%2F06%2F24%2Fmatariki-2022-hautapu-ceremony-marks-dawning-of-a-new-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-matariki-implemented-herald-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-matariki-implemented-herald_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/matariki-2022-celebrations-around-the-country-for-the-first-matariki-public-holiday/KHEEMAAQ4GUTVLYVRPMDOPG5CI/">"United under the stars of Aotearoa: Celebrations around the country for the first Matariki public holiday"</a>. <i>NZ Herald</i>. 23 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZ+Herald&rft.atitle=United+under+the+stars+of+Aotearoa%3A+Celebrations+around+the+country+for+the+first+Matariki+public+holiday&rft.date=2022-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fmatariki-2022-celebrations-around-the-country-for-the-first-matariki-public-holiday%2FKHEEMAAQ4GUTVLYVRPMDOPG5CI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-one-news-broadcastprep-matariki2022-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-one-news-broadcastprep-matariki2022_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/06/23/early-morning-event-pm-speech-to-mark-first-matariki-holiday/">"Early morning event, PM speech to mark first Matariki holiday"</a>. <i>1 News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1+News&rft.atitle=Early+morning+event%2C+PM+speech+to+mark+first+Matariki+holiday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.1news.co.nz%2F2022%2F06%2F23%2Fearly-morning-event-pm-speech-to-mark-first-matariki-holiday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-matariki-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian-matariki_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian-matariki_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rnz-matarikipoll_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/sunday/audio/2018800518/poll-only-43-percent-of-kiwis-regard-matariki-as-an-important-holiday">"Poll: Only 43% of Kiwis regard Matariki as an important holiday"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a></i>. 20 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=Poll%3A+Only+43%25+of+Kiwis+regard+Matariki+as+an+important+holiday&rft.date=2021-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fprogrammes%2Fsunday%2Faudio%2F2018800518%2Fpoll-only-43-percent-of-kiwis-regard-matariki-as-an-important-holiday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-matariki-tepapa-herald-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-matariki-tepapa-herald_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinehamGordon2022" class="citation web cs1">Lineham, Lochlan; Gordon, Natasha (24 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/explainer-what-is-matariki-star-studded-event-at-te-papa-marks-nzs-new-holiday/IP72G2WYZ5DGBW6JSJAGY6OS6U/">"Star-studded Matariki event marks NZ's historic new holiday"</a>. <i>NZ Herald</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZ+Herald&rft.atitle=Star-studded+Matariki+event+marks+NZ%27s+historic+new+holiday&rft.date=2022-06-24&rft.aulast=Lineham&rft.aufirst=Lochlan&rft.au=Gordon%2C+Natasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fexplainer-what-is-matariki-star-studded-event-at-te-papa-marks-nzs-new-holiday%2FIP72G2WYZ5DGBW6JSJAGY6OS6U%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-matariki-bigmac-stuff-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-matariki-bigmac-stuff_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2022" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Daniel (18 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/128813588/noone-wants-to-see-a-matariki-big-mac-mori-cultural-advisers-warn-of-potential-commercialisation-of-matariki">"No-one wants to see a 'Matariki Big Mac': Māori cultural advisers warn of potential commercialisation of Matariki"</a>. <i>Stuff</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=No-one+wants+to+see+a+%27Matariki+Big+Mac%27%3A+M%C4%81ori+cultural+advisers+warn+of+potential+commercialisation+of+Matariki&rft.date=2022-06-18&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fbusiness%2F128813588%2Fnoone-wants-to-see-a-matariki-big-mac-mori-cultural-advisers-warn-of-potential-commercialisation-of-matariki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shopping-matariki-rnz-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shopping-matariki-rnz_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/on-the-inside/469625/businesses-that-opt-for-matariki-sales-drive-taking-a-risk">"Businesses that opt for Matariki sales drive taking a risk"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a></i>. 22 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=Businesses+that+opt+for+Matariki+sales+drive+taking+a+risk&rft.date=2022-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fon-the-inside%2F469625%2Fbusinesses-that-opt-for-matariki-sales-drive-taking-a-risk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-matariki-commercialise-concerns-newshub-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-matariki-commercialise-concerns-newshub_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-matariki-commercialise-concerns-newshub_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2022/06/matariki-should-not-be-commercialised-retail-nz.html">"Matariki should not be commercialised – Retail NZ"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newshub" title="Newshub">Newshub</a></i> – via www.newshub.co.nz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newshub&rft.atitle=Matariki+should+not+be+commercialised+%E2%80%93+Retail+NZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fnew-zealand%2F2022%2F06%2Fmatariki-should-not-be-commercialised-retail-nz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nzherald-notsaintpatties-matariki-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nzherald-notsaintpatties-matariki_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/kahu/matariki-2022-astronomer-hopes-celebration-will-focus-on-whanau-not-binge-drinking/AEC4XMFUERW2IBI67UITIOIAOU/">"Matariki 2022: Hopes for celebration to focus on tradition"</a>. <i>NZ Herald</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZ+Herald&rft.atitle=Matariki+2022%3A+Hopes+for+celebration+to+focus+on+tradition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fkahu%2Fmatariki-2022-astronomer-hopes-celebration-will-focus-on-whanau-not-binge-drinking%2FAEC4XMFUERW2IBI67UITIOIAOU%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/discover-collections/read-watch-play/matariki-maori-new-year/dates-for-matariki-public-holiday">"Dates for the Matariki public holiday"</a>. <i>Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, NZ</i>. 5 April 2023<span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Museum+of+New+Zealand+Te+Papa+Tongarewa%2C+Wellington%2C+NZ&rft.atitle=Dates+for+the+Matariki+public+holiday&rft.date=2023-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tepapa.govt.nz%2Fdiscover-collections%2Fread-watch-play%2Fmatariki-maori-new-year%2Fdates-for-matariki-public-holiday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2022/0014/latest/LMS557893.html">"Te Ture mō te Hararei Tūmatanui o te Kāhui o Matariki 2022 No 14, Public Act Schedule 1 Dates of Matariki Observance Day – New Zealand Legislation"</a>. <i>www.legislation.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legislation.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Te+Ture+m%C5%8D+te+Hararei+T%C5%ABmatanui+o+te+K%C4%81hui+o+Matariki+2022+No+14%2C+Public+Act+Schedule+1+Dates+of+Matariki+Observance+Day+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+Legislation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F2022%2F0014%2Flatest%2FLMS557893.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matariki&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080403001105/http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/maori/matariki_m/index.shtml">Matariki</a> at the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Language_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Language Commission">Māori Language Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090922034235/http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/Education/OnlineResources/Matariki/Pages/overview.aspx">Matariki Online Learning Resources</a> from the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/matariki-maori-new-year"><i>Matariki – Māori New Year</i></a> in Te Ara: the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716191833/http://panui.tangatawhenua.com/rangikainga/2007/issue10.htm"><i>Matariki: Awaiting their Ascent</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/TangataWhenua.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TangataWhenua.com">Tangatawhenua.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.matarikifestival.org.nz/">Matariki Festival</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030718060237/http://www.astronomynz.org.nz/maori/first_month.htm">The First Lunar Month (June – July)</a> at NZ Astronomy</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mbie.govt.nz/business-and-employment/employment-and-skills/employment-legislation-reviews/matariki/matariki-public-holiday/">Matariki Public Holiday information</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Business,_Innovation_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment">Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2021/0076/latest/LMS557828.html">"Te Pire mō te Hararei Tūmatanui o te Kāhui o Matariki/Te Kāhui o Matariki Public Holiday Bill"</a>. <i>New Zealand Legislation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Legislation&rft.atitle=Te+Pire+m%C5%8D+te+Hararei+T%C5%ABmatanui+o+te+K%C4%81hui+o+Matariki%2FTe+K%C4%81hui+o+Matariki+Public+Holiday+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fbill%2Fgovernment%2F2021%2F0076%2Flatest%2FLMS557828.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatariki" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap211124.html">NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Pleiades: The Seven Sisters Star Cluster (24 November 2021)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Year_by_Calendar" title="Template:New Year by Calendar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Year_by_Calendar" title="Template talk:New Year by Calendar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Year_by_Calendar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Year by Calendar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Year_by_calendar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a> by <a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enkutatash" title="Enkutatash">Enkutatash</a> (Ethiopian, Eritrean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandroana" title="Fandroana">Fandroana</a> (Malagasy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayrouz" title="Nayrouz">Nayrouz</a> (Coptic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yennayer" title="Yennayer">Yennayer</a> (Berber)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_New_Year" title="Aztec New Year">Yancuic Xīhuitl</a> (Aztec)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quviasukvik" title="Quviasukvik">Quviasukvik</a> (Inuit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobiyee" title="Hobiyee">Hobiyee</a> (Nisg̱a'a)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inti_Raymi" title="Inti Raymi">Inti Raymi</a> (Incan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willkakuti" title="Willkakuti">Willkakuti</a> (Aymara)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Tripantu" title="We Tripantu">We Tripantu</a> (Mapuche)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> (Chinese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">Shōgatsu</a> (Japanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_New_Year" title="Korean New Year">Seollal</a> (Korean)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Sar" title="Tsagaan Sar">Tsagaan Sar</a> (Mongolian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a> (Tibetan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thingyan" title="Thingyan">Thingyan</a> (Burmese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_New_Year" title="Cambodian New Year">Choul Chnam Thmey</a> (Cambodian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_New_Year" title="Lao New Year">Pi Mai</a> (Lao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Thailand)" title="Songkran (Thailand)">Songkran</a> (Thai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-Splashing_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-Splashing Festival">Water-Splashing Festival</a> (Dai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyepi" title="Nyepi">Nyepi</a> (Balinese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satu_Suro" title="Satu Suro">Satu Suro</a> (Javanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt" title="Tết">Tết</a> (Vietnamese)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruz in Afghanistan">Nauruz</a> (Afghan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> (North & Central India (Solar), Nepali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri#Chaitra_Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Chaitra Navaratri</a> (North & Central India (Lunar))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navreh" title="Navreh">Navreh</a> (Kashmiri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheti_Chand" title="Cheti Chand">Cheti Chand</a> (Sindhi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balipratipada" title="Balipratipada">Balipratipada</a> (Gujarati, Rajasthani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohag_Bihu" title="Bohag Bihu">Bohag Bihu</a> (Assamese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a> (Bengali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pana_Sankranti" title="Pana Sankranti">Pana Sankranti</a> (Odia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jur_Sital" title="Jur Sital">Jur Sital</a> (Maithili)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mha_Puja" title="Mha Puja">Mha Puja</a> (Newari)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losoong_Festival" title="Losoong Festival">Losoong</a> (Sikkimese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a> (Ladakhi, Monpa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalpo_Lhosar" title="Gyalpo Lhosar">Gyalpo Lhosar</a> (Sherpa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamu_Lhosar" title="Tamu Lhosar">Tamu Lhosar</a> (Gurung)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonam_Lhosar" title="Sonam Lhosar">Sonam Lhosar</a> (Tamang)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a> (Rai, Tharu, Magar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwisagu" title="Bwisagu">Bwisagu</a> (Bodo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajibu_Nongma_Panba" title="Sajibu Nongma Panba">Sajibu Cheiraoba</a> (Meitei)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buisu" title="Buisu">Buisu</a> (Tripuri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangken" title="Sangken">Sangken</a> (Tai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizhu" title="Bizhu">Bizhu</a> (Chakma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a> (Marathi, Konkani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a> (Telugu, Kannada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_Parba" title="Bisu Parba">Bisu Parba</a> (Tulu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a> (Tamil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a> (Malayali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_New_Year" title="Sinhalese New Year">Aluth Avurudda</a> (Sinhala)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West<br />and Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kha_b-Nisan" title="Kha b-Nisan">Kha b-Nisan</a> (Assyrian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navruz_in_Uzbekistan" title="Navruz in Uzbekistan">Navruz</a> (Uzbek)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Naw-R%C3%BAz" title="Baháʼí Naw-Rúz">Naw-Rúz</a> (Baháʼí)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds" title="Newroz as celebrated by Kurds">Newroz</a> (Kurd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidi_New_Year" title="Yazidi New Year">Yazidi New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novruz_in_Azerbaijan" title="Novruz in Azerbaijan">Novruz</a> (Azeri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> (Iranian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz_Eve_among_Mazandarani_people" title="Nowruz Eve among Mazandarani people">Nowruz</a> (Mazandarani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a> (Hebrew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a> (Mandaean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogbon" title="Nogbon">Nogbon</a> (Ossetian)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yhyakh" title="Yhyakh">Yhyakh</a> (Sakha)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> (Gregorian, Julian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_New_Year" title="Old New Year">Old New Year</a> (traditional Julian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Day#Non-religious_significance" title="Lady Day">Lady Day</a> (England, historical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makahiki" title="Makahiki">Makahiki</a> (Hawaii)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Matariki</a> (Māori)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See Also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_New_Year" title="Solar New Year">Solar New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_and_Southeast_Asian_solar_New_Year" title="South and Southeast Asian solar New Year">South and Southeast Asian solar New Year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesha_Sankranti" title="Mesha Sankranti">Mesha Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran" class="mw-redirect" title="Songkran">Songkran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Year%27s_days" title="Indian New Year's days">Indian New Year's days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winter_solstice_and_midwinter_festivals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Winter_solstice" title="Template:Winter solstice"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Winter_solstice" title="Template talk:Winter solstice"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Winter_solstice" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Winter solstice"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winter_solstice_and_midwinter_festivals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winter_solstice" title="Winter solstice">Winter solstice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midwinter" title="Midwinter">midwinter</a> festivals</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goru" class="mw-redirect" title="Goru">Goru</a>: Mali (<a href="/wiki/Dogon_people" title="Dogon people">Dogon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonkonnu_parades" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonkonnu parades">Dzon'ku Nu</a><sup>†</sup>: West Africa (<a href="/wiki/Ewe_people" title="Ewe people">Papaws</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inti_Raymi" title="Inti Raymi">Inti Raymi</a>°: Peru (<a href="/wiki/Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Inca</a><sup>†</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonkonnu_parades" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonkonnu parades">Jonkonnu</a>°: <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Carnival" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Carnival">Caribbean</a>° (African American)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyal" title="Soyal">Soyal</a>: US (<a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi">Hopi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_solstice" title="Winter solstice">We Tripantu</a>: Chile (<a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a><sup>†</sup>: Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_solstice" title="Winter solstice">Choimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_solstice" title="Winter solstice">Deygān, Maidyarem</a>°: (<a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongzhi_Festival" title="Dongzhi Festival">Dōngzhì, Tōji</a>: (<a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Cultural_Sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Cultural Sphere">East Asian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohri" title="Lohri">Lohri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a>°: <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghamitta" title="Sanghamitta">Sanghamitta Day</a>: Sri Lanka (<a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eeva_Zistan%C3%AA" title="Şeva Zistanê">Şeva Zistanê</a>: (<a href="/wiki/Kurdish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish people">Kurdish</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yald%C4%81_Night" title="Yaldā Night">Yalda</a>: Iran (<a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beiwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiwe">Beiwe</a>: (<a href="/wiki/Sami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami people">Saami</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brumalia" title="Brumalia">Brumalia</a><sup>†</sup>: Ancient Greece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>: Roman Empire° (<a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus">Dies Natalis Solis Invicti</a><sup>†</sup>: Roman Empire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogmanay" title="Hogmanay">Hogmanay</a>°: Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korochun" title="Korochun">Korochun</a>°: (<a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C5%8Ddraniht" title="Mōdraniht">Mōdraniht</a><sup>†</sup>: England (<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_heathenry" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon heathenry">Anglo-Saxon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montol_Festival" title="Montol Festival">Montol Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mummer%27s_Day" title="Mummer's Day">Mummer's Day</a>°: Cornwall (<a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturnalia" title="Saturnalia">Saturnalia</a><sup>†</sup>: Rome</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wren_Day" title="Wren Day">Wren's Day</a>°: Ireland, Isle of Man, Wales (<a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a>°: (<a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziemassv%C4%93tki" title="Ziemassvētki">Ziemassvētki</a>: Baltic (<a href="/wiki/Romuva_(temple)" title="Romuva (temple)">Romuva</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Matariki</a>°: New Zealand (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>† dagger indicates extinction. ° degree symbol indicates changes in date, name or location. 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