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class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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.ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Essay-like plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-essay-like" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is written like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay</a></b> that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic style</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Oreo <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oreo&rft.author=%5B%5BFran+Ross%5D%5D&rft.date=1974&rft.pub=%5B%5BNortheastern+University+Press%5D%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=212+pp&rft_id=info:oclcnum/44461973"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Oreo_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/55/Oreo_cover.jpg/250px-Oreo_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/55/Oreo_cover.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="391" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Dust-jacket from the first edition</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran_Ross" title="Fran Ross">Fran Ross</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cover artist</th><td class="infobox-data">Ann Twombly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern University Press">Northeastern University Press</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1974</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print (<a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">Paperback</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">212 pp</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55553-464-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-55553-464-3">1-55553-464-3</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44461973">44461973</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">813/.54 21</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)"><abbr title="Library of Congress Classification">LC Class</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">PS3568.O8433 O74 2000</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Oreo</b></i> is a 1974 satirical novel by American writer <a href="/wiki/Fran_Ross" title="Fran Ross">Fran Ross</a>, a journalist and, briefly, a comedy writer for <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a>. The novel, addressing issues of a mixed-heritage child, was considered "before its time" and went out of print until <a href="/wiki/Harryette_Mullen" title="Harryette Mullen">Harryette Mullen</a> rediscovered the novel and brought it out of obscurity.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The book has since acquired cult classic status.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot_summary">Plot summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born into a taboo relationship that neither of her grandparents supported, having a Jewish father and black mother who divorce before she is two, Oreo grows up in Philadelphia with her maternal grandparents while her mother tours with a theatrical troupe. Soon after puberty, Oreo heads for New York with a duffel bag to search for her father; but in the big city she discovers that there are dozens of Sam Schwartzes (her father's name) in the phone book, and Oreo's mission turns into a humorous <a href="/wiki/Picaresque_novel" title="Picaresque novel">picaresque</a> quest. The ambitious and playful narrative challenges accepted notions of race, ethnicity, culture, and even the novelistic form itself; its quest theme is inspired by that of the Greek tale of <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CookCook2010_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CookCook2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MJ_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MJ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the end, Oreo witnesses her own father's death as he falls from a window. </p><p>Ross uses the structure of the Theseus myth to both trap Oreo and allow her to reinvent it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genre">Genre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Oreo</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Picaresque_novel" title="Picaresque novel">picaresque novel</a> revolving around its eponymous picaroon. The work, with its witty critiques of social attitudes about race and ethnicity, also can be characterized as <a href="/wiki/Menippean_satire" title="Menippean satire">Menippean Satire</a>. <i>Oreo</i>'s heroine faces various adventures and conflicts during her search for her long-absent father. Some have said the work falls under the category of <a href="/wiki/Post-soul" title="Post-soul">Post-Soul</a> Aesthetic, modern works that expands upon the possibilities of the Black experience, if not the <a href="/wiki/Trey_Ellis#Genre" title="Trey Ellis">New Black Aesthetic</a>, works describing the black experience from the perspective of the culturally-hybrid, second-generation middle class. The comedic style of the novel helps to subvert the trope of the "tragic mulatto" and position Oreo as a "thriving hybrid". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The novel is told from the perspective of an omniscient, third-person. The novel strays from traditional narrative form. The novel exemplifies the essence of postmodernism, fragmentation through its structure.The chapters are broken into subsections. The novel uses diagram, equations, menus, tests, ads, letters, other sources to break and supplement the narrative. </p><p>Ross employs different narrative structures throughout the course of the novel. Mainly, the episodic nature of the book is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Picaresque" class="mw-redirect" title="Picaresque">picaresque</a> story structure. Elements of the <a href="/wiki/Bildungsroman" title="Bildungsroman">bildungsroman</a> are also present. </p><p><i>Oreo</i> parodies the <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a> myth. A quick reading guide at the end of the book summarizes the story's events in terms of the myth.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The names of the novel's chapters are also references to the Greek myth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identity">Identity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Identity, and its flexibility, proves to be a strong thematic presence in the novel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The novel uses many different languages, including <a href="/wiki/African_American_Vernacular_English" class="mw-redirect" title="African American Vernacular English">African-American vernacular</a>, Yiddish, superstandard language, louise-ese, math, rhyme, singing. </p><p>Language is associated with social standing, intelligence, geographical climates, socioeconomic status, and race. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humor">Humor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Humor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most important aspects of the novel is Ross’ use of humor. As one critic comments, "her throwaway lines have more zing than most comic writers’ studied arias."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her use of language is incredibly playful and acerbic, both prosaic and poetic. In her foreword to the novel, author Danzy Senna calls Ross a comic mulatto, stating that her verbal precocity turns the word on its head.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek_Mythology">Greek Mythology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Greek Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like Theseus, Oreo embarks on a journey to search for her missing father with the help of few clues. Ros provides a succinct and satirical commentary in the last chapter to highlight the parallel between the two stories. Traditional aspects of the myth – such as the shoes and sandals Theseus is given before embarking on his quest – are reworked to seem unnecessary and slightly ridiculous. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Critical response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon its republication by Northeastern University Press in 2000, the then nearly 30-year-old novel was praised for being ahead of its time. <i>Oreo</i> has been hailed as "one of the masterpieces of 20th century American comic writing."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, one critic elaborated that <i>Oreo</i> was "a true twenty-first century novel." The novel's "wit is global, hybrid and uproarious ... simultaneously irreverent, appropriative and serious. It is post-everything: post-modern, post-identity politics, post-politically correct."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Novelist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Beatty" title="Paul Beatty">Paul Beatty</a> also included an excerpt of <i>Oreo</i> in his 2006 anthology of African-American humor <i>Hokum</i>. In June 2007, Cultural critic Jalylah Burrell listed the book on VIBE.com as the number one work in African-American literature that should be adapted into a major motion picture, writing, "Quirky comedy with surrealist elements, i.e., <a href="/wiki/Wes_Anderson" title="Wes Anderson">Wes Anderson</a> meets <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman" title="Charlie Kaufman">Kaufman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Michel_Gondry" title="Michel Gondry">Gondry</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mat_Johnson" title="Mat Johnson">Mat Johnson</a> chose <i>Oreo</i> for his 2011 appearance on the <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> program <i>You Must Read This</i>, describing it as "one of the funniest books I've ever read, but I've never quoted it. To do so, I would have to put quotations before the first page and then again at the last." He too stated that as a "feminist odyssey", published eight years before <a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple" title="The Color Purple">The Color Purple</a></i>, the book had simply been ahead of its time: "A truly original view of our world is what we yearn for in fiction, but sometimes when something is so original, so many years ahead of its time, it takes time for the audience to catch up to it. It's a statement of how far we've come that for this quirky, hilarious, odd, little biracial black book, that time is now."<sup id="cite_ref-MJ_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MJ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_to_Roots">Relationship to <i>Roots</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Relationship to Roots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oreo came out around the same time as <a href="/wiki/Alex_Haley" title="Alex Haley">Alex Haley</a>'s seminal novel <i><a href="/wiki/Roots:_The_Saga_of_an_American_Family" title="Roots: The Saga of an American Family">Roots: The Saga of an American Family</a></i>. Both boundary-breaking books for their time in terms of shedding light on the contemporary black experience, <i>Roots</i> went on to be wildly successful, occupying the number one spot on the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> best-seller list for 22 weeks. It was then adapted into an extremely popular <a href="/wiki/Roots_(1977_miniseries)" title="Roots (1977 miniseries)">television miniseries</a>, one that defined the cultural iconography of the American black experience for many generations. [1] [2] <i>Oreo</i>, in contrast, fell into obscurity soon after publication. It fell out of print for years, until 2000, when the efforts of black poets and writers, in particular <a href="/wiki/Harryette_Mullen" title="Harryette Mullen">Harryette Mullen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danzy_Senna" title="Danzy Senna">Danzy Senna</a>, brought it back into publication and to a certain cult-status.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many reasons for <i>Oreo</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s initial obscurity. Perhaps the most notable is that Haley's work presented a more unified picture of the black experience, one that was easier for viewers to latch onto during the tumultuous years of the Civil Rights era. Oreo, a story about a biracial black girl, is a far more complicated look at racial identity than Haley's exploration of heritage. Published eight years before <a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple" title="The Color Purple">The Color Purple</a></i>, <i>Oreo</i> was also ahead of its time in the way it addressed feminist themes and the intersection between black and Jewish identity. One critic pointed out that being published in 1974, "during the height of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Power">Black Power</a> movement with its focus on African-based identity and black male power" Oreo almost had no chance at success because the public audience was not ready to take in such a complicated work.<sup id="cite_ref-MJ_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MJ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_adaptation">Film adaptation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Film adaptation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The novel was adapted by Adam Davenport into a screenplay intended as a starring vehicle for <a href="/wiki/Keke_Palmer" title="Keke Palmer">Keke Palmer</a>. The project is yet to be produced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harryette Mullen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3250639?uid=3739656&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=55864635773">"Apple Pie with Oreo Crust"</a>, <i>JSTOR</i>, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Beatty" title="Paul Beatty">Paul Beatty</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/22/books/review/22beatty.html">"Black Humor"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, January 22, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CookCook2010-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CookCook2010_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Wilburt_CookWilliam_W._CookJames_Tatum2010" class="citation book cs1">William Wilburt Cook; William W. Cook; James Tatum (April 1, 2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africanamericanw0000cook"><i>African American writers and classical tradition</i></a></span>. University of Chicago Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africanamericanw0000cook/page/300">300</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-78996-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-78996-5"><bdi>978-0-226-78996-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+American+writers+and+classical+tradition&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.isbn=978-0-226-78996-5&rft.au=William+Wilburt+Cook&rft.au=William+W.+Cook&rft.au=James+Tatum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafricanamericanw0000cook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOreo+%28novel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MJ-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MJ_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MJ_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MJ_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, Mat (9 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/03/09/134204725/in-oreo-a-taste-of-life-between-two-identities">"'Oreo': A Satire Of Racial Identity, Inside And Out"</a>, <i>You Must Read This</i>, <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Retrieved March 10, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoss" class="citation book cs1">Ross. <i>Oreo</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">286–</span>290.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oreo&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E286-%3C%2Fspan%3E290&rft.au=Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOreo+%28novel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWall2015" class="citation news cs1">Wall, Patricia (July 14, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/15/books/review-oreo-a-sandwich-cookie-of-a-feminist-comic-novel.html?_r=0">"Review: 'Oreo', a Sandwich Cookie of a Feminist Novel"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Review%3A+%27Oreo%27%2C+a+Sandwich+Cookie+of+a+Feminist+Novel&rft.date=2015-07-14&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F07%2F15%2Fbooks%2Freview-oreo-a-sandwich-cookie-of-a-feminist-comic-novel.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOreo+%28novel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDanzy" class="citation magazine cs1">Danzy, Senna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/an-overlooked-classic-about-the-comedy-of-race">"An Overlooked Classic About the Comedy of Race"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. Condé Nast<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=An+Overlooked+Classic+About+the+Comedy+of+Race&rft.aulast=Danzy&rft.aufirst=Senna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fbooks%2Fpage-turner%2Fan-overlooked-classic-about-the-comedy-of-race&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOreo+%28novel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jstheater.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html">J's Theater, May 2007.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Traveling+identities:+mixed+race+quests+and+Fran+Ross's+Oreo-a0149214153">Women's Review of Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.vibe.com/babar/2007/06/dv-dreams/">VIBE.com, June 2007.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndbooks.com/book/oreo/">"Oreo"</a>. <i>New Directions</i>. July 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Directions&rft.atitle=Oreo&rft.date=2015-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndbooks.com%2Fbook%2Foreo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOreo+%28novel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Paul Beatty, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/22/books/review/22beatty.html">"Black Humor"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, January 22, 2006.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&oldid=1282906797">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oreo_(novel)&oldid=1282906797</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1974_American_novels" title="Category:1974 American novels">1974 American novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_novels" title="Category:African-American novels">African-American novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Postmodern_novels" title="Category:Postmodern novels">Postmodern novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_satirical_novels" title="Category:American satirical novels">American satirical novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_set_in_Philadelphia" title="Category:Novels set in Philadelphia">Novels set in Philadelphia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_set_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Novels set in New York City">Novels set in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_picaresque_novels" title="Category:American picaresque novels">American picaresque novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_based_on_European_myths_and_legends" title="Category:Works based on European myths and legends">Works based on European myths and legends</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_based_on_myths_and_legends" title="Category:Novels based on myths and legends">Novels based on myths and legends</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_Press_of_New_England_books" title="Category:University Press of New England books">University Press of New England books</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_style_issues_from_December_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles with style issues from December 2020">Wikipedia articles with style issues from December 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_style_issues" title="Category:All articles with style issues">All articles with style issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2025" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2025">Use mdy dates from March 2025</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 March 2025, at 09:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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