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Nervos Network - Wikipedia

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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Nervos Network</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nervos-wordmark-black.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Nervos-wordmark-black.svg/252px-Nervos-wordmark-black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="252" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Nervos-wordmark-black.svg/378px-Nervos-wordmark-black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Nervos-wordmark-black.svg/504px-Nervos-wordmark-black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="83" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo of Nervos Network</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: silver">Denominations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Plural</th><td class="infobox-data">CKBytes, CKBs</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Code</th><td class="infobox-data">CKB</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: silver">Development</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original author(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Jan Xie<br />Terry Tai<br />Kevin Wang<br />Daniel Lv<br />Cipher Wang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper">White paper</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/nervosnetwork/rfcs/blob/master/rfcs/0001-positioning/0001-positioning.md">Positioning whitepaper</a><br /> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/nervosnetwork/rfcs/blob/master/rfcs/0015-ckb-cryptoeconomics/0015-ckb-cryptoeconomics.md">Cryptoeconomics whitepaper</a><br /> </p> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/nervosnetwork/rfcs/blob/master/rfcs/0002-ckb/0002-ckb.md">Common Knowledge Base whitepaper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">19&#160;November 2019<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;5 years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2019-11-19</span>)</span> (mainnet)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Code repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/nervosnetwork">https://github.com/nervosnetwork</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Written in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Nervos Foundation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_computing" title="Decentralized computing">decentralized</a> <a href="/wiki/Open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source">open-source</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/nervosnetwork/docs-new/blob/develop/LICENSE">https://github.com/nervosnetwork/docs-new/blob/develop/LICENSE</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: silver">Ledger</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Trusted_timestamping" title="Trusted timestamping">Timestamping scheme</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proof-of-work_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Proof-of-work system">Proof-of-work</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Block time</th><td class="infobox-data">approx. 10 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Block explorer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://explorer.nervos.org/">https://explorer.nervos.org/</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Circulating supply</th><td class="infobox-data">43,549,596,169 CKB (as of 16 February 2024)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: silver">Website</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nervos.org/">https://www.nervos.org/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nervos Network</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Proof-of-work" class="mw-redirect" title="Proof-of-work">proof-of-work</a> <a href="/wiki/Blockchain" title="Blockchain">blockchain</a> platform<sup id="cite_ref-CityAM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CityAM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which consists of multiple blockchain layers that are designed for different functions.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The native <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency" title="Cryptocurrency">cryptocurrency</a> of this layer is called <b>CKB</b>. <a href="/wiki/Smart_contract" title="Smart contract">Smart contracts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decentralized_application" title="Decentralized application">decentralized applications</a> can be deployed on the Nervos blockchain. The Nervos Network was founded in 2018. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervos_Network&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the organization's website, Nervos Network was founded in 2018 by Jan Xie, Terry Tai, Kevin Wang, Daniel Lv, and Cipher Wang.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervos_Network&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nervos Network utilizes multiple blockchain layers to for different functions.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The base layer prioritizes security and decentralization, and is optimized to verify transactions. It can settle transactions submitted from upper layers and resolves disputes. Layer 2 and above are designed for <a href="/wiki/Smart_contract" title="Smart contract">smart contract</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decentralized_application" title="Decentralized application">decentralized applications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newsweek_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsweek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NC_MAX">NC MAX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervos_Network&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: NC MAX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Layer 1 achieves cryptographic consensus through <a href="/wiki/Proof_of_work" title="Proof of work">proof of work</a>, using a modified version of <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nakamoto_consensus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakamoto consensus">Nakamoto consensus</a> algorithm: NC-MAX. This algorithm changes the original in three ways: a two-step transaction process (propose, commit) which aims to improve block propagation; dynamic adjustment to block interval based on network performance to keep orphan blocks low and improve transaction throughput; and accounting for all blocks (including orphans) during the difficulty adjustment calculation to resist "selfish mining attacks," whereby one group of miners can increase their own profits at the expense of other miners on the network. NC-MAX was presented at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Society" title="Internet Society">Internet Society</a>'s Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The consensus process uses a novel <a href="/wiki/Hash_function" title="Hash function">hash function</a> called "Eaglesong."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervos_Network&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CityAM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CityAM_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityam.com/chinas-cmb-international-and-nervos-foundation-launch-50m-blockchain-fund/">"China's CMB International and Nervos Foundation launch $50m blockchain fund"</a>. <i>CityAM</i>. 20 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928215830/https://www.cityam.com/chinas-cmb-international-and-nervos-foundation-launch-50m-blockchain-fund/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CityAM&amp;rft.atitle=China%27s+CMB+International+and+Nervos+Foundation+launch+%2450m+blockchain+fund&amp;rft.date=2021-05-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityam.com%2Fchinas-cmb-international-and-nervos-foundation-launch-50m-blockchain-fund%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervos+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/crypto-currencies-nervos-idUSL2N27L22I">"Public blockchain Nervos Network raises $72 million in token sale"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 6 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Public+blockchain+Nervos+Network+raises+%2472+million+in+token+sale&amp;rft.date=2019-11-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fcrypto-currencies-nervos-idUSL2N27L22I&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervos+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forbes-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forbes_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-forbes_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahhansen/2018/07/18/crypto-startup-raises-28-million-to-combine-public-and-private-blockchains-for-businesses/?sh=2f600e155efe">"Crypto Startup Raises $28 Million To Combine Public And Private Blockchains For Enterprises"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929083932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahhansen/2018/07/18/crypto-startup-raises-28-million-to-combine-public-and-private-blockchains-for-businesses/?sh=2f600e155efe">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Forbes&amp;rft.atitle=Crypto+Startup+Raises+%2428+Million+To+Combine+Public+And+Private+Blockchains+For+Enterprises&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fsarahhansen%2F2018%2F07%2F18%2Fcrypto-startup-raises-28-million-to-combine-public-and-private-blockchains-for-businesses%2F%3Fsh%3D2f600e155efe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervos+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nervos.org/about/team">"Team"</a>. <i>Nervos Network</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203194117/https://archive.nervos.org/about/team">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nervos+Network&amp;rft.atitle=Team&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nervos.org%2Fabout%2Fteam&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervos+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newsweek-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newsweek_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/blockchain-decentralize-economy-nervos-1462747">"Better Than Bitcoin? This Man Has a New Plan to Disrupt the Finance Industry"</a>. <i>Newsweek</i>. 2 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930015835/https://www.newsweek.com/blockchain-decentralize-economy-nervos-1462747">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"A secure versatile light payment system based on blockchain". <i><a href="/wiki/Future_Generation_Computer_Systems" title="Future Generation Computer Systems">Future Generation Computer Systems</a></i>. <b>93</b>: 327–337. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.future.2018.10.012">10.1016/j.future.2018.10.012</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0167-739X">0167-739X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:67791755">67791755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Future+Generation+Computer+Systems&amp;rft.atitle=A+secure+versatile+light+payment+system+based+on+blockchain&amp;rft.volume=93&amp;rft.pages=327-337&amp;rft.date=2019-04-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A67791755%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.issn=0167-739X&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.future.2018.10.012&amp;rft.aulast=Zhong&amp;rft.aufirst=Lin&amp;rft.au=Wu%2C+Qianhong&amp;rft.au=Xie%2C+Jan&amp;rft.au=Li%2C+Jin&amp;rft.au=Qin%2C+Bo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervos+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangZhangWangWu2019" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Ren; Zhang, Dingwei; Wang, Quake; Wu, Sichen; Xie, Jan; Preneel, Bart (2019-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndss-symposium.org/wp-content/uploads/2022-370-paper.pdf">"NC-Max: Breaking the Security-Performance Tradeoff in Nakamoto Consensus"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Network and Distributed Systems Security (NDSS) Symposium 2022</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-891562-74-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-891562-74-7"><bdi>978-1-891562-74-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221005120334/https://www.ndss-symposium.org/wp-content/uploads/2022-370-paper.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Network+and+Distributed+Systems+Security+%28NDSS%29+Symposium+2022&amp;rft.atitle=NC-Max%3A+Breaking+the+Security-Performance+Tradeoff+in+Nakamoto+Consensus&amp;rft.date=2019-04-01&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-891562-74-7&amp;rft.aulast=Zhang&amp;rft.aufirst=Ren&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Dingwei&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Quake&amp;rft.au=Wu%2C+Sichen&amp;rft.au=Xie%2C+Jan&amp;rft.au=Preneel%2C+Bart&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndss-symposium.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022-370-paper.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervos+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetwork2019" class="citation web cs1">Network, Nervos (2019-08-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/nervosnetwork/the-proof-of-work-function-of-nervos-ckb-3cc8364464d9">"The Proof-of-Work Function of Nervos CKB"</a>. <i>Nervos Network</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220908181352/https://medium.com/nervosnetwork/the-proof-of-work-function-of-nervos-ckb-3cc8364464d9">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nervos+Network&amp;rft.atitle=The+Proof-of-Work+Function+of+Nervos+CKB&amp;rft.date=2019-08-03&amp;rft.aulast=Network&amp;rft.aufirst=Nervos&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fnervosnetwork%2Fthe-proof-of-work-function-of-nervos-ckb-3cc8364464d9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervos+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzepieniecAshur2020" class="citation journal cs1">Szepieniec, Alan; Ashur, Tomer (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acad.ro/sectii2002/proceedings/doc2020-1/09-Szepieniec.pdf">"Eaglesong: An ARX hash with fast diffusion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the Romanian Academy, Series A</i>. <b>21</b> (1): 69–76. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410180501/https://acad.ro/sectii2002/proceedings/doc2020-1/09-Szepieniec.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2023-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Romanian+Academy%2C+Series+A&amp;rft.atitle=Eaglesong%3A+An+ARX+hash+with+fast+diffusion&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=69-76&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft.aulast=Szepieniec&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rft.au=Ashur%2C+Tomer&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facad.ro%2Fsectii2002%2Fproceedings%2Fdoc2020-1%2F09-Szepieniec.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervos+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervos_Network&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunLuFengZhang2021" class="citation journal cs1">Sun, Meng; Lu, Yuteng; Feng, Yichun; Zhang, Qi; Liu, Shaoying (November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmath9222954">"Modeling and Verifying the CKB Blockchain Consensus Protocol"</a>. <i>Mathematics</i>. <b>9</b> (22): 2954. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmath9222954">10.3390/math9222954</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2227-7390">2227-7390</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Mathematics&amp;rft.atitle=Modeling+and+Verifying+the+CKB+Blockchain+Consensus+Protocol&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft.issue=22&amp;rft.pages=2954&amp;rft.date=2021-11&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fmath9222954&amp;rft.issn=2227-7390&amp;rft.aulast=Sun&amp;rft.aufirst=Meng&amp;rft.au=Lu%2C+Yuteng&amp;rft.au=Feng%2C+Yichun&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Qi&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Shaoying&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fmath9222954&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervos+Network" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuSun2020" class="citation book cs1">Bu, Hao; Sun, Meng (March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1007/978-3-030-63406-3_17">"Towards Modeling and Verification of the CKB Block Synchronization Protocol in Coq"</a>. <i>Formal Methods and Software Engineering: 22nd International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods, ICFEM 2020, Singapore</i>. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol.&#160;12531. pp.&#160;287–296. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-63406-3_17">10.1007/978-3-030-63406-3_17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-63405-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-63405-6"><bdi>978-3-030-63405-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Towards+Modeling+and+Verification+of+the+CKB+Block+Synchronization+Protocol+in+Coq&amp;rft.btitle=Formal+Methods+and+Software+Engineering%3A+22nd+International+Conference+on+Formal+Engineering+Methods%2C+ICFEM+2020%2C+Singapore&amp;rft.series=Lecture+Notes+in+Computer+Science&amp;rft.pages=287-296&amp;rft.date=2020-03&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-63406-3_17&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-030-63405-6&amp;rft.aulast=Bu&amp;rft.aufirst=Hao&amp;rft.au=Sun%2C+Meng&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-63406-3_17&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANervos+Network" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervos_Network&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nervos.org">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cryptocurrencies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Decentralized_finance" title="Decentralized finance">Decentralized finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_ledger" title="Distributed ledger">Distributed ledger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(blockchain)" title="Fork (blockchain)">Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_Network" title="Lightning Network">Lightning Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetaMask" title="MetaMask">MetaMask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token" title="Non-fungible token">Non-fungible token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_contract" title="Smart contract">Smart contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web3" title="Web3">Web3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Consensus_(computer_science)" title="Consensus (computer science)">Consensus</a> mechanisms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proof_of_authority" title="Proof of authority">Proof of authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proof_of_space" title="Proof of space">Proof of space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proof_of_stake" title="Proof of stake">Proof of stake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proof_of_work" title="Proof of work">Proof of work</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proof_of_work" title="Proof of work">Proof of work</a> currencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SHA-2" title="SHA-2">SHA-256</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitcoin_Cash" title="Bitcoin Cash">Bitcoin Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterparty_(platform)" title="Counterparty (platform)">Counterparty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBRY" title="LBRY">LBRY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MazaCoin" title="MazaCoin">MazaCoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namecoin" title="Namecoin">Namecoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peercoin" title="Peercoin">Peercoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titcoin" title="Titcoin">Titcoin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethereum" title="Ethereum">Ethash</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethereum" title="Ethereum">Ethereum</a> (1.0)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethereum_Classic" title="Ethereum Classic">Ethereum Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scrypt" title="Scrypt">Scrypt</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auroracoin" title="Auroracoin">Auroracoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitconnect" title="Bitconnect">Bitconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinye" title="Coinye">Coinye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogecoin" title="Dogecoin">Dogecoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litecoin" title="Litecoin">Litecoin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Equihash" title="Equihash">Equihash</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitcoin_Gold" title="Bitcoin Gold">Bitcoin Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zcash" title="Zcash">Zcash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">RandomX-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monero" title="Monero">Monero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dash_(cryptocurrency)#X11" title="Dash (cryptocurrency)">X11</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dash_(cryptocurrency)" title="Dash (cryptocurrency)">Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_(cryptocurrency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Petro (cryptocurrency)">Petro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmbaCoin" title="AmbaCoin">AmbaCoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firo_(cryptocurrency)" title="Firo (cryptocurrency)">Firo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOTA_(technology)" title="IOTA (technology)">IOTA</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nervos Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primecoin" title="Primecoin">Primecoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verge_(cryptocurrency)" title="Verge (cryptocurrency)">Verge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertcoin" title="Vertcoin">Vertcoin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proof_of_stake" title="Proof of stake">Proof of stake</a> currencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorand" title="Algorand">Algorand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_(blockchain_platform)" title="Avalanche (blockchain platform)">Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardano_(blockchain_platform)" title="Cardano (blockchain platform)">Cardano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOS.IO" title="EOS.IO">EOS.IO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethereum" title="Ethereum">Ethereum</a> (2.0)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gridcoin" title="Gridcoin">Gridcoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injective_(blockchain)" title="Injective (blockchain)">Injective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin_(cryptocurrency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kin (cryptocurrency)">Kin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nxt" title="Nxt">Nxt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peercoin" title="Peercoin">Peercoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polkadot_(cryptocurrency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polkadot (cryptocurrency)">Polkadot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solana_(blockchain_platform)" title="Solana (blockchain platform)">Solana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steemit" title="Steemit">Steem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tezos" title="Tezos">Tezos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Network" title="The Open Network">TON</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ERC-20" class="mw-redirect" title="ERC-20">ERC-20</a> tokens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augur_(software)" title="Augur (software)">Augur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventus_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Aventus Protocol">Aventus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#Basic_Attention_Token" title="Brave (web browser)">Basic Attention Token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chainlink_(blockchain)" title="Chainlink (blockchain)">Chainlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin_(cryptocurrency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kin (cryptocurrency)">Kin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KodakCoin" title="KodakCoin">KodakCoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minds_(social_network)" title="Minds (social network)">Minds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygon_(blockchain)" title="Polygon (blockchain)">Polygon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiba_Inu_(cryptocurrency)" title="Shiba Inu (cryptocurrency)">Shiba Inu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_DAO_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="The DAO (organization)">The DAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tron_(cryptocurrency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tron (cryptocurrency)">TRON</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stablecoin" title="Stablecoin">Stablecoins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dai_(cryptocurrency)" title="Dai (cryptocurrency)">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diem_(digital_currency)" title="Diem (digital currency)">Diem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paxos_Trust_Company#Paxos_Standard" title="Paxos Trust Company">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_(blockchain)" title="Terra (blockchain)">Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tether_(cryptocurrency)" title="Tether (cryptocurrency)">Tether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USD_Coin" title="USD Coin">USD Coin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other currencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chia_(cryptocurrency)" title="Chia (cryptocurrency)">Chia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filecoin" title="Filecoin">Filecoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashgraph" title="Hashgraph">HBAR (Hashgraph)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_Network" title="Helium Network">Helium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_(blockchain)" title="Terra (blockchain)">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MobileCoin" title="MobileCoin">MobileCoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano_(cryptocurrency)" title="Nano (cryptocurrency)">Nano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEO_(cryptocurrency)" title="NEO (cryptocurrency)">NEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SafeMoon" title="SafeMoon">SafeMoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_(payment_network)" title="Stellar (payment network)">Stellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhopperCoin" title="WhopperCoin">WhopperCoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XRP_Ledger" title="XRP Ledger">XRP Ledger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cryptocurrencies#Inactive_currencies" title="List of cryptocurrencies">Inactive currencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitconnect" title="Bitconnect">BitConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinye" title="Coinye">Coinye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KodakCoin" title="KodakCoin">KodakCoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneCoin" title="OneCoin">OneCoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_(cryptocurrency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Petro (cryptocurrency)">Petro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crypto service companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperledger" title="Hyperledger">Hyperledger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IQ.Wiki" class="mw-redirect" title="IQ.Wiki">IQ.Wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quahl" title="Quahl">Initiative Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airdrop_(cryptocurrency)" title="Airdrop (cryptocurrency)">Airdrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitLicense" title="BitLicense">BitLicense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockchain_game" title="Blockchain game">Blockchain game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementary_currency" title="Complementary currency">Complementary currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-anarchism">Crypto-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency_bubble" title="Cryptocurrency bubble">Cryptocurrency bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency_in_Nigeria" title="Cryptocurrency in Nigeria">Cryptocurrency in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cryptocurrency_scams" title="Category:Cryptocurrency scams">Cryptocurrency scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_currency" title="Digital currency">Digital currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_autonomous_organization" title="Decentralized autonomous organization">Decentralized autonomous organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_application" title="Decentralized application">Decentralized application</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_ledger_technology_law" title="Distributed ledger technology law">Distributed ledger technology law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-spending" title="Double-spending">Double-spending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_cryptocurrencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of cryptocurrencies">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_coin_offering" title="Initial coin offering">Initial coin offering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_exchange_offering" title="Initial exchange offering">Initial exchange offering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cryptocurrencies" title="List of cryptocurrencies">List of cryptocurrencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Token_money" title="Token money">Token money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_currency" title="Virtual currency">Virtual currency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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