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href="#Il_principio_della_litografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Il principio della litografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_principio_della_litografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Litografia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 77 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithografie" title="Lithografie - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Lithografie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طباعة حجرية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طباعة حجرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoqrafiya" title="Litoqrafiya - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Litoqrafiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Літаграфія - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літаграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Літаграфія - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Літаграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Литография - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Литография" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8" title="প্রস্তরাঙ্কন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রস্তরাঙ্কন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maendreserezh" title="Maendreserezh - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Maendreserezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografija" title="Litografija - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Litografija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografia" title="Litografia - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Litografia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografie" title="Litografie - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Litografie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Литографи - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Литографи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithograffeg" title="Lithograffeg - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lithograffeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografi" title="Litografi - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Litografi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithografie" title="Lithografie - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lithografie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Λιθογραφία - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιθογραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lithography" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografio" title="Litografio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Litografio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litograf%C3%ADa" title="Litografía - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Litografía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litograafia" title="Litograafia - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Litograafia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografia" title="Litografia - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Litografia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="چاپ سنگی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چاپ سنگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografia" title="Litografia - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Litografia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithographie" title="Lithographie - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lithographie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografy" title="Litografy - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Litografy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litograf%C3%ADa" title="Litografía - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Litografía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F" title="הדפס אבן - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הדפס אבן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="अश्ममुद्रण - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अश्ममुद्रण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografija" title="Litografija - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Litografija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litogr%C3%A1fia" title="Litográfia - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Litográfia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Վիմագրություն (արձանագրություն) - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիմագրություն (արձանագրություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografi" title="Litografi - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Litografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95" title="リトグラフ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リトグラフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ლითოგრაფია - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლითოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Литография - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Литография" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%8C%90_%EC%9D%B8%EC%87%84" title="석판 인쇄 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석판 인쇄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEtograf%C3%AE" title="Lîtografî - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lîtografî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Литография - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Литография" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithographia" title="Lithographia - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lithographia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithographie" title="Lithographie - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lithographie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografija" title="Litografija - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Litografija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litogr%C4%81fija" title="Litogrāfija - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Litogrāfija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Литографија - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Литографија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF" title="ലിത്തോഗ്രാഫി - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിത്തോഗ്രാഫി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB" title="लिथोग्राफ - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिथोग्राफ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percetakan_batu" title="Percetakan batu - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Percetakan batu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%90%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ကျောက်ပုံနှိပ်အတတ် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျောက်ပုံနှိပ်အတတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithografie" title="Lithografie - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lithografie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografi" title="Litografi - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Litografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografi" title="Litografi - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Litografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografia" title="Litografia - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Litografia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografia" title="Litografia - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Litografia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA" title="سنگی طباعت - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سنگی طباعت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografia" title="Litografia - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Litografia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografie" title="Litografie - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Litografie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Литография - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литография" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Литография - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Литография" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litograf%C3%ACa" title="Litografìa - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Litografìa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografija" title="Litografija - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Litografija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lithography" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografia" title="Litografia - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Litografia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografija" title="Litografija - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Litografija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtypi_litografik" title="Shtypi litografik - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shtypi litografik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Литографија - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Литографија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografi" title="Litografi - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Litografi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="கல்லச்சுக்கலை - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கல்லச்சுக்கலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ภาพพิมพ์หิน - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาพพิมพ์หิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litograpiya" title="Litograpiya - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Litograpiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%9F_bask%C4%B1" title="Taş baskı - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taş baskı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Літографія - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літографія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA" title="سنگی طباعت - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سنگی طباعت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litografiya" title="Litografiya - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Litografiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_th%E1%BA%A1ch_b%E1%BA%A3n" title="In thạch bản - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="In thạch bản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithografi%C3%AB" title="Lithografië - fiammingo occidentale" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Lithografië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="fiammingo occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="石版印刷 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石版印刷" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="石版印刷 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石版印刷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="石版印刷 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="石版印刷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" 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decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Litografia_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Litografia (disambigua)">Litografia (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marienpforte_und_Bamberger_Reiter_Lithographie_1820.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Marienpforte_und_Bamberger_Reiter_Lithographie_1820.jpg/220px-Marienpforte_und_Bamberger_Reiter_Lithographie_1820.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Marienpforte_und_Bamberger_Reiter_Lithographie_1820.jpg/330px-Marienpforte_und_Bamberger_Reiter_Lithographie_1820.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Marienpforte_und_Bamberger_Reiter_Lithographie_1820.jpg/440px-Marienpforte_und_Bamberger_Reiter_Lithographie_1820.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1654" /></a><figcaption>Una litografia del 1820</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>litografia</b> (dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca" title="Lingua greca">greco</a> λίθος, <i>lìthos</i>, "pietra" e γράφειν, <i>gràphein</i>, "scrivere") è una tecnica di <a href="/wiki/Stampa" title="Stampa">stampa</a> chimico-fisica delle <a href="/wiki/Immagine" title="Immagine">immagini</a> per lo più <a href="/wiki/Grafica" title="Grafica">grafiche</a>; quando l'immagine da stampare è una <a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">fotografia</a> impressa in una <a href="/wiki/Pellicola_fotografica" title="Pellicola fotografica">pellicola</a>, si parla più specificatamente di <b>fotolitografia</b> o, più comunemente, di <b>fotolito</b>. </p><p>Il procedimento è basato sull'utilizzo di una “matrice” piana, che è una pietra calcarea: le parti stampanti e non stampanti sono poste sullo stesso piano. E per litografia si intende anche la riproduzione ottenuta con tale procedimento.<br />Inizialmente viene chiamata "stampa chimica su pietra", ma assunse ben presto la denominazione di "arte litografica" o, più semplicemente, di litografia. </p><p>È possibile ricavare un certo numero di copie dalla “matrice” lavorata dalle mani dell’artista. Queste copie vengono chiamate “tiratura”, in genere un centinaio di esemplari che verranno poi numerati in basso a sinistra a margine del foglio e firmate in basso a destra, a matita entrambe le cose. Più basso è il numero delle copie tirate, più valore assumerà la litografia. </p><p>È considerata la tecnica di stampa più antica, ed è una vera opera dell’artista in quanto lavorata dallo stesso autore, che fu introdotta per far conoscere un artista in tempi in cui non esistevano altri mezzi di diffusione delle immagini se non i dipinti. </p><p>Esiste un vero e proprio collezionismo delle opere d’arte in serie, che talora raggiunge anche quotazioni elevate. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il procedimento viene inventato nel <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a> dall'austriaco <a href="/wiki/Alois_Senefelder" title="Alois Senefelder">Alois Senefelder</a> utilizzando una pietra proveniente dalle cave di <a href="/wiki/Solnhofen" title="Solnhofen">Solnhofen</a>, cittadina nelle vicinanze di <a href="/wiki/Monaco_di_Baviera" title="Monaco di Baviera">Monaco di Baviera</a>. Forse la scoperta fu casuale, ma è stata comunque preceduta da diversi studi e prove. In ogni caso, comincia ad essere utilizzata già nel <a href="/wiki/1806" title="1806">1806</a> e conosce subito una rapida diffusione, tanto che nel <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a> apriranno a <a href="/wiki/Parigi" title="Parigi">Parigi</a> 5 litografie e nel <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a> si parla di 59 stabilimenti. In Francia, Baviera e Russia sono gli stessi governi a sostenerne l'introduzione e lo sviluppo, presagendo le potenzialità commerciali della nuova attività. Non così la Gran Bretagna che vieta persino l'importazione delle pietre "litografiche".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Italia viene introdotta attorno al <a href="/wiki/1805" title="1805">1805</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>, dal trentino G. Dall'Armi.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dapprima veniva usata una macchina antenata della <a href="/wiki/Stampa_offset" title="Stampa offset">stampa offset</a>, che in campo industriale si diffuse rapidamente e con cambiamenti anche sostanziali come la sostituzione della lastra in pietra con una di <a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco">zinco</a>, permettendo attorno al <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a> la costruzione delle prime macchine pianocilindriche. Il XIX secolo vede la diffusione della <a href="/wiki/Pubblicit%C3%A0" title="Pubblicità">pubblicità</a>, resa possibile dalla scoperta di tecniche grafiche che permettevano la produzione di immagini in maniera più veloce e a basso costo, come successivamente accadde con la stampa offset. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Il_principio_della_litografia">Il principio della litografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Il principio della litografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Il principio della litografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Litography_negative_stone_and_positive_paper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Litography_negative_stone_and_positive_paper.jpg/220px-Litography_negative_stone_and_positive_paper.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Litography_negative_stone_and_positive_paper.jpg/330px-Litography_negative_stone_and_positive_paper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Litography_negative_stone_and_positive_paper.jpg/440px-Litography_negative_stone_and_positive_paper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2294" data-file-height="1025" /></a><figcaption>Pietra per litografia disegnata al rovescio (sinistra) e risultante immagine stampata (destra).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torchio_litografico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Torchio_litografico.jpg/220px-Torchio_litografico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Torchio_litografico.jpg/330px-Torchio_litografico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Torchio_litografico.jpg/440px-Torchio_litografico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1634" data-file-height="997" /></a><figcaption>Torchio litografico.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Litography_archive_of_the_Bayerisches_Vermessungsamt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Litography_archive_of_the_Bayerisches_Vermessungsamt.jpg/220px-Litography_archive_of_the_Bayerisches_Vermessungsamt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Litography_archive_of_the_Bayerisches_Vermessungsamt.jpg/330px-Litography_archive_of_the_Bayerisches_Vermessungsamt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Litography_archive_of_the_Bayerisches_Vermessungsamt.jpg/440px-Litography_archive_of_the_Bayerisches_Vermessungsamt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Archivio di pietre litografiche in Baviera.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il principio è estremamente semplice: un particolare tipo di pietra, opportunamente levigata e quindi disegnata con una <a href="/wiki/Matita" title="Matita">matita</a> grassa, ha la peculiarità di trattenere nelle parti non disegnate (dette contrografismi) un sottile velo d'acqua, che il segno grasso (detto grafismo) invece respinge. Passando l'inchiostro sulla pietra così trattata, esso è respinto dalle parti inumidite e trattenuto dalle parti grasse. Al <a href="/wiki/Torchio_calcografico" title="Torchio calcografico">torchio</a>, perciò, il foglio di carta riceve solo l'inchiostro che si deposita sulle parti disegnate e non sulle altre. </p><p>La stampa litografica si basa sull'incompatibilità di alcuni inchiostri con l'<a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a>. </p> <ol><li>La matrice, fatta di pietra calcarea, granulosa e costituita da carbonato di calcio, deve avere uno spessore che vada dai 6 ai 12 cm. Inoltre, la pietra deve essere compatta ed omogenea per evitare fratture sotto la pressione del torchio.</li> <li>La superficie della pietra va levigata con pomice, sabbia o, ancora meglio, <a href="/wiki/Carborundum" class="mw-redirect" title="Carborundum">carborundum</a>, per togliere qualsiasi segno.</li> <li>Si disegna con una matita litografica o con dell'inchiostro litografico composti da sostanze grasse (l'inchiostro litografico è tipico per essere molto oleoso); infatti, il carbonato di calcio trattiene con facilità le sostanze grasse. Va ricordato che, sulla pietra, le immagini devono essere disegnate in modo speculare.</li> <li>Finito il disegno si spennella la pietra con un liquido a base di <a href="/wiki/Acido_nitrico" title="Acido nitrico">acido nitrico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gomma_arabica" title="Gomma arabica">gomma arabica</a> acidificata e acqua. Per capire se tale liquido (chiamato "preparazione") ha un giusto grado di acidità, lo si spennella sul bordo della pietra. Se la reazione provoca molta schiuma vuol dire che è troppo forte: se viene usato così com'è il disegno ne risente. Se invece produce poca schiuma vuol dire che non è abbastanza forte. L'ideale sarebbe non molta schiuma e che sia persistente. La causa della reazione che si verifica è l'acido nitrico che trasforma tutte le parti non protette dall'inchiostro litografico, trasformando il carbonato di calcio in nitrato di calcio, sostanza idrofila.</li> <li>La stampa avviene dopo 24 ore dalla preparazione, mediante il torchio litografico, la matrice disegnata viene bagnata e poi inchiostrata con un rullo di caucciù.</li> <li>L'inchiostro aderisce dove c'è il disegno e viene respinto dalla pietra bagnata.</li> <li>Si mette il foglio di carta da stampare, si aggiungono altri fogli ed un cartone grassato e alla fine il tutto viene compresso.</li> <li>Ad operazione ultimata, il foglio viene tolto e fatto asciugare.</li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Alois_Senefelder" title="Alois Senefelder">Senefelder</a> inventa anche il metodo autografico mediante il quale non si deve più fare il disegno alla rovescia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Da Hullmandel, <i>cit.</i>, pp. X-XIII.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Fioravanti. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento"><i>cit.</i></span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice">[<i><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Chiarezza" title="Aiuto:Chiarezza">Dove è citato?</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://angelofalsone.com/angelo/2010/02/litografia/"><span style="font-style:italic;">litografia</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">angelofalsone.com</span>, Angelo Falsone. <small>URL consultato il 29/05/2009</small>.</cite></li> <li>Giorgio Fioravanti. <i>Il dizionario del grafico</i>. Bologna, Zanichelli, 1993. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8808141160" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-08-14116-0</a>.</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Hullmandel" title="Charles Joseph Hullmandel">Charles Joseph Hullmandel</a>, <i>The art of drawing on stone, giving a full explanation of the various styles, of the different methods to be employed to ensure success, and of the modes of correcting, as well as of the several causes of failure</i>, Londra, Hullmandel e Ackermann, 1824. Consultabile anche su <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=KNVbAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=it&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Google libri</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cromolitografia" title="Cromolitografia">Cromolitografia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleografia" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleografia">Oleografia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stampa_offset" title="Stampa offset">Stampa offset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V._Monin" title="Charles V. Monin">Charles V. Monin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilografia" title="Xilografia">Xilografia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Litografia" class="extiw" title="q:Litografia">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/litografia" class="extiw" title="wikt:litografia">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Lithography"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lithography?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni di o su <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Litografia" class="extiw" title="q:Litografia">litografia</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/litografia" class="extiw" title="wikt:litografia">litografia</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lithography?uselang=it">litografia</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litografia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/lithography"><span style="font-style:italic;">lithography</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133036#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trattato_di_litografia">disponibile per il download su Internet Archive</a> Verga, Giuseppe, <i>Trattato di litografia e moderne applicazioni</i>, Milano, 1923.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/trattatodilitogr00doye">disponibile per il download su Internet Archive</a> Doyen, Camillo, Trattato di litografia: storico, teorico, pratico ed economico, Torino, 1877.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=rbE-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=it&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Edizione originale su libri.google.it</a> L'Arte della Litografia: o istruzione pratica contenente la ..., Volume 1 Di Alois Senefelder, Francesco Sicardi.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=vbE-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=it&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Edizione originale su libri.google.it</a> L'Arte della Litografia: o istruzione pratica contenente la ..., Volume 2 Di Alois Senefelder, Francesco Sicardi.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output 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th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Evoluzione_della_stampa"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Evoluzione_della_stampa" title="Template:Evoluzione della stampa"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Evoluzione_della_stampa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Evoluzione della stampa (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Evoluzione_della_stampa&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Stampa" title="Stampa">Evoluzione della stampa</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Stampa" title="Stampa">Stampa tradizionale</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permeografia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permeografia (la pagina non esiste)">Permeografia</a></th><td colspan="1">100 a.c. <a href="/wiki/Serigrafia" title="Serigrafia">Serigrafia</a><b> ·</b> 1876 <a href="/wiki/Ciclostile" title="Ciclostile">Ciclostile</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Stampa_a_rilievo" title="Stampa a rilievo">Rilievografia</a></th><td colspan="1">200 <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">Stampa con blocchi di legno</a><b> ·</b> 1900 <a href="/wiki/Flexografia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexografia">Flexografia</a><br /> <table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tipografia" title="Tipografia">Tipografia</a></th><td colspan="1" style="width:auto;">1400 <a href="/wiki/Stampa_a_caratteri_mobili" title="Stampa a caratteri mobili">Stampa a caratteri mobili</a><b> ·</b> 1886 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hot_metal_typesetting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hot metal typesetting (la pagina non esiste)">Hot metal typesetting</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Calcografia" title="Calcografia">Calcografia</a></th><td colspan="1">400 <a href="/wiki/Xilografia" title="Xilografia">Xilografia</a><b> ·</b> 1430 <a href="/wiki/Incisione" title="Incisione">Incisione</a><b> ·</b> 1500 <a href="/wiki/Acquaforte" title="Acquaforte">Acquaforte</a><b> ·</b> 1642 <a href="/wiki/Maniera_nera" title="Maniera nera">Maniera nera</a><b> ·</b> 1768 <a href="/wiki/Acquatinta" title="Acquatinta">Acquatinta</a><b> ·</b> 1900 <a href="/wiki/Rotocalcografia" title="Rotocalcografia">Rotocalcografia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotocalcografia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotocalcografia (la pagina non esiste)">Fotocalcografia</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planografia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planografia (la pagina non esiste)">Planografia</a></th><td colspan="1">1796 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Litografia</a><b> ·</b> 1837 <a href="/wiki/Cromolitografia" title="Cromolitografia">Cromolitografia</a><b> ·</b> 1875 <a href="/wiki/Stampa_offset" title="Stampa offset">Stampa offset</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stampa_ad_impatto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stampa ad impatto (la pagina non esiste)">Stampa ad impatto</a></th><td colspan="1">1846 <a href="/wiki/Macchina_per_scrivere" title="Macchina per scrivere">Macchina per scrivere</a><b> ·</b> 1900 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stampa_in_Braille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stampa in Braille (la pagina non esiste)">Stampa in Braille</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Stampa_digitale" title="Stampa digitale">Stampa digitale</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Sublimazione_termica" title="Sublimazione termica">Trasferimento termico</a></th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">1938 <a href="/wiki/Xerografia" title="Xerografia">Xerografia</a><b> ·</b> 1955 <a href="/wiki/Carta_termica" title="Carta termica">Stampa su carta termica</a><b> ·</b> 1957 <a href="/wiki/Sublimazione_termica" title="Sublimazione termica">Sublimazione termica</a><b> ·</b> 1972 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stampante_termica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stampante termica (la pagina non esiste)">Stampante termica</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_center" style="text-align:left;">1940 <a href="/wiki/Stampa_lenticolare" title="Stampa lenticolare">Stampa lenticolare</a><b> ·</b> 1960 <a href="/wiki/Fotocomposizione" title="Fotocomposizione">Fotocomposizione</a><b> ·</b> 1964 <a href="/wiki/Stampante#Matrice_di_aghi" title="Stampante">Stampa ad aghi</a><b> ·</b> 1969 <a href="/wiki/Stampa_laser" title="Stampa laser">Stampa laser</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Getto_di_inchiostro" title="Getto di inchiostro">Getto d'inchiostro</a></th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">1976 <a href="/wiki/Getto_di_inchiostro" title="Getto di inchiostro">Stampa a getto d'inchiostro</a><b> ·</b> 1980 <a href="/wiki/Gicl%C3%A9e" title="Giclée">Giclée</a><b> ·</b> 1986 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stampa_ad_inchiostro_solido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stampa ad inchiostro solido (la pagina non esiste)">Stampa ad inchiostro solido</a><b> ·</b> 1990 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stampa_LED&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stampa LED (la pagina non esiste)">Stampa LED</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Stampa_3D" title="Stampa 3D">Stampa 3D</a></th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;">Anni '80 <a href="/wiki/Selective_Laser_Sintering" title="Selective Laser Sintering">Selective Laser Sintering</a><b> ·</b> 1986 <a href="/wiki/Modellazione_a_deposizione_fusa" title="Modellazione a deposizione fusa">Modellazione a deposizione fusa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stereolitografia" title="Stereolitografia">Stereolitografia</a><b> ·</b> Anni '90 <a href="/wiki/Electron_beam_melting" title="Electron beam melting">Electron beam melting</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=PolyJET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PolyJET (la pagina non esiste)">PolyJET</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi_Jet_Modeling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multi Jet Modeling (la pagina non esiste)">Multi Jet Modeling</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drop_on_Demand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drop on Demand (la pagina non esiste)">Drop on Demand</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Produzione_di_oggetti_laminati" title="Produzione di oggetti laminati">Laminated Object Manufacturing</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fusione_laser_selettiva_di_metalli" title="Fusione laser selettiva di metalli">Selective Laser Melting</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Laser_engineered_net_shaping" title="Laser engineered net shaping">Laser engineered net shaping</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=9391">9391</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077598">sh85077598</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4036042-8">4036042-8</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11949559w">cb11949559w</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11949559w">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007531485505171">987007531485505171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570557">00570557</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style 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