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<span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sendivogius_in_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sendivogius_in_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sendivogius in fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sendivogius_in_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Writings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D9%8A" title="ميخال سيدزيفوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميخال سيدزيفوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j" title="Michał Sędziwój – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Michał Sędziwój" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michal_Sendivoj_ze_Skorska" title="Michal Sendivoj ze Skorska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michal Sendivoj ze Skorska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j" title="Michał Sędziwój – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michał Sędziwój" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB_%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="Μιχαήλ Σεντιβόντζιους – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μιχαήλ Σεντιβόντζιους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j" title="Michał Sędziwój – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michał Sędziwój" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j" title="Michał Sędziwój – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Michał Sędziwój" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="مایکل سندی‌ووجیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایکل سندی‌ووجیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sendivogius" title="Michael Sendivogius – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michael Sendivogius" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sendivogius" title="Michael Sendivogius – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michael Sendivogius" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98" title="მიხალ სენძივოი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიხალ სენძივოი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D9%89" title="ميخال سيدزيفوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميخال سيدزيفوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%86%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="မိုက်ကယ် ဆန်ဒီဗိုးဂျီးယပ်စ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုက်ကယ် ဆန်ဒီဗိုးဂျီးယပ်စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sendivogius" title="Michael Sendivogius – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael Sendivogius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j" title="Michał Sędziwój – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Michał Sędziwój" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sendivogius" title="Michael Sendivogius – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Michael Sendivogius" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j" title="Michał Sędziwój – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michał Sędziwój" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j" title="Michał Sędziwój – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michał Sędziwój" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j" title="Michał Sędziwój – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Michał Sędziwój" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Сендзивой, Михал – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сендзивой, Михал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sendivogius" title="Michael Sendivogius – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Michael Sendivogius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j" title="Michał Sędziwój – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Michał Sędziwój" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j" title="Michał Sędziwój – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Michał Sędziwój" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sendivogius" title="Michael Sendivogius – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michael Sendivogius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B9" title="Міхал Сендзівуй – Ukrainian" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Polish alchemist, philosopher, and medical doctor (1566–1636)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Michael Sendivogius</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/POL_Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j.jpg/220px-POL_Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/POL_Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j.jpg/330px-POL_Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/POL_Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j.jpg/440px-POL_Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="814" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1566-02-02</span>)</span>2 February 1566<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukowica" title="Łukowica">Łukowica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1385%E2%80%931569)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)">Kingdom of Poland</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1636<span style="display:none">(1636-00-00)</span> (aged 69–70)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Krava%C5%99e" title="Kravaře">Kravaře</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Bohemia">Crown of Bohemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br />(now the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Polish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Sędziwój, Sędzimir</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Altdorf" title="University of Altdorf">University of Altdorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leipzig" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leipzig">University of Leipzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a>, writer, and medical doctor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">The concept of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">central nitre</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michael Sendivogius</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Michał Sędziwój</i>; 2 February 1566 – 1636) was a Polish <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a>, and physician. A pioneer of chemistry, he developed ways of purifying and creating various <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metals</a>, and other chemicals. </p><p>He discovered that air is not a single substance and contains a life-giving substance – later called <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> – 170 years before <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Scheele's</a> discovery of the element. He correctly identified this "food of life" with the gas (also oxygen) given off by heating nitre (<a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitrate" title="Potassium nitrate">saltpetre</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This substance, the "central nitre", had a central position in Sendivogius' schema of the universe.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Sendivogius&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alchemik_Sedziwoj_Matejko.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Alchemist Michal Sedziwoj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Alchemik_Sedziwoj_Matejko.JPG/280px-Alchemik_Sedziwoj_Matejko.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Alchemik_Sedziwoj_Matejko.JPG/420px-Alchemik_Sedziwoj_Matejko.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Alchemik_Sedziwoj_Matejko.JPG/560px-Alchemik_Sedziwoj_Matejko.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5554" data-file-height="3095" /></a><figcaption><i>Alchemist Sendivogius</i>, demonstrating alchemy to King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigismund III of Poland">Sigismund III of Poland</a>, oil on board by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Matejko" title="Jan Matejko">Jan Matejko</a> (1867).</figcaption></figure> <p>Little is known of his early life: he was born into a noble family that was part of the <a href="/wiki/Clan_of_Ostoja" title="Clan of Ostoja">Clan of Ostoja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father sent him to study in university of <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> but Sendivogius visited also most of the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> countries and universities; he studied at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Altdorf" title="University of Altdorf">Altdorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leipzig" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leipzig">Leipzig</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. His acquaintances included <a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kelley" title="Edward Kelley">Edward Kelley</a>. It was thanks to him that King <a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Stephen Báthory">Stephen Báthory</a> agreed to finance their experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1590s, he was active in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, at the famously open-minded court of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_COA_S%C4%99dzimir.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/POL_COA_S%C4%99dzimir.svg/100px-POL_COA_S%C4%99dzimir.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/POL_COA_S%C4%99dzimir.svg/150px-POL_COA_S%C4%99dzimir.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/POL_COA_S%C4%99dzimir.svg/200px-POL_COA_S%C4%99dzimir.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Ostoja_Coat_of_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostoja Coat of Arms">Ostoja</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Poland, he appeared at the court of King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a> around 1600, and quickly achieved great fame, as the Polish king was himself an alchemy enthusiast and even conducted experiments with Sendivogius. In <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wawel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wawel">Wawel</a> castle, the chamber where his experiments were performed is still intact. The more conservative Polish nobles soon came to dislike him for encouraging the king to expend vast sums of money on chemical experimentation. The more practical aspects of his work in Poland involved the design of <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mines</a> and metal <a href="/wiki/Foundry" title="Foundry">foundries</a>. His widespread international contacts led to his employment as a diplomat from about 1600. </p><p>In his later years, Sendivogius spent more time in Bohemia and Moravia (now in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>), where he had been granted lands by the Habsburg emperor. Near the end of his life, he settled in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, in the court of Rudolf II, where he gained even more fame as a designer of metal mines and <a href="/wiki/Foundry" title="Foundry">foundries</a>. However the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> of 1618-48 had effectively ended the golden age of alchemy: the rich patrons now spent their money on financing war rather than chemical speculation, and he died in relative obscurity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Sendivogius&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Stolcius" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Stolcius">Daniel Stolcius</a> in his <i>Viridarium Chymicum</i> (1624) praises Sendivogius as the author of twelve books.<sup id="cite_ref-prinke_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prinke-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most famous of these was his "New Chemical Light", published in 1604. Besides a relatively clear exposition of his theory on the existence of a <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">"food of life"</a> in air, his books contain various scientific, pseudo-scientific and philosophical theories, and were repeatedly translated and widely read among such worthies as <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> into the 18th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sendivogius_in_fiction">Sendivogius in fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Sendivogius&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sendivogius in fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sedziwoj_Figura1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Sedziwoj_Figura1.jpg/125px-Sedziwoj_Figura1.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Sedziwoj_Figura1.jpg/188px-Sedziwoj_Figura1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Sedziwoj_Figura1.jpg/250px-Sedziwoj_Figura1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>Illustration from the book <i>Sędziwój</i> by Józef Bohdan Dziekoński, 1896 edition</figcaption></figure> <p>The first appearance of this character in fiction was in the 1845 book <i>Sędziwoj</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zef_Bohdan_Dzieko%C5%84ski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Józef Bohdan Dziekoński (page does not exist)">Józef Bohdan Dziekoński</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Bohdan_Dzieko%C5%84ski" class="extiw" title="pl:Józef Bohdan Dziekoński">pl</a>]</span>, a writer during the times of <a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Poland" title="Romanticism in Poland">romanticism in Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 2000s he appeared in several books by the Polish writer <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Pilipiuk" title="Andrzej Pilipiuk">Andrzej Pilipiuk</a> (<i>Kuzynki</i> 2003, <i>Księżniczka</i> 2004, <i>Dziedziczki</i> 2005).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sendivogius is also a character in the novel of <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Meyrink" title="Gustav Meyrink">Gustav Meyrink</a> (part of <i>Goldmachergeschichten, August Scherl Verlag, Berlin 1925</i>), a German author from Prague, Bohemia, who often wrote about alchemy and alchemists. </p><p>The Polish 19th-century realist painter <a href="/wiki/Jan_Matejko" title="Jan Matejko">Jan Matejko</a> depicted Sendivogius demonstrating a transmutation of a base metal into gold before King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was also shown (thinly disguised) as the Alchemist Sendivogius in a Polish TV series <i>Alchemik Sendivius</i> in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Sendivogius&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>De Lapide Philosophorum Tractatus duodecim e naturae fonte et manuali experientia deprompti</i>. 1604. <ul><li>Also known as <i>Novum Lumen Chymicum</i> (New Chemical Light), the first Latin editions were published simultaneously in Prague and Frankfurt.<sup id="cite_ref-prinke_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prinke-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>Dialogus Mercuriii, Alchemistae et Naturae</i>. Cologne, 1607.</li> <li><i>Tractatus de sulphure altero naturae principio</i>. Cologne, 1616.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Sendivogius&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_in_art_and_entertainment" title="Alchemy in art and entertainment">Alchemy in art and entertainment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Sendivogius&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masonic.benemerito.net/msricf/papers/marples/marples-michael.sendivogius.pdf">"MICHAEL SENDIVOGIUS, ROSICRUCIAN, and FATHER OF STUDIES OF OXYGEN"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allen G. Debus, <i>Chemistry and Medical Debate: Van Helmont to Boerhaave</i>, Science History Publication, 2001, p. 13 n. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miguel López-Pérez (ed.), <i>Chymia: Science and Nature in Medieval and Early Modern Europe</i>, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiz.pl/8,185.html"><i>Praktyk i mistyk</i>, Andrzej Datko, Wiedza i życie</a> (2012-06-12) (in Polish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prinke-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prinke_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prinke_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPrinke1990" class="citation journal cs1">Prinke, Rafal T. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.levity.com/alchemy/sendi.html">"Michael Sendivogius and Christian Rosenkruetz The Unexpected Possibilities"</a>. <i>The Hermetic Journal</i>: <span class="nowrap">72–</span>98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hermetic+Journal&rft.atitle=Michael+Sendivogius+and+Christian+Rosenkruetz+The+Unexpected+Possibilities&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E72-%3C%2Fspan%3E98&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Prinke&rft.aufirst=Rafal+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.levity.com%2Falchemy%2Fsendi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Sendivogius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wRYfEAAAQBAJ&q=S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j&pg=PA5"><i>Wybory popkultury: Relacje kultury popularnej z polityką, ideologią i społeczeństwem</i></a> (in Polish). Stowarzyszenie Badaczy Popkultury i Edukacji Popkulturowej Trickster. 2015-01-18. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-64863-00-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-64863-00-4"><bdi>978-83-64863-00-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wybory+popkultury%3A+Relacje+kultury+popularnej+z+polityk%C4%85%2C+ideologi%C4%85+i+spo%C5%82ecze%C5%84stwem&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Stowarzyszenie+Badaczy+Popkultury+i+Edukacji+Popkulturowej+Trickster&rft.date=2015-01-18&rft.isbn=978-83-64863-00-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwRYfEAAAQBAJ%26q%3DS%25C4%2599dziw%25C3%25B3j%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Sendivogius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaczor2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kaczor, Katarzyna (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://depot.ceon.pl/handle/123456789/9227"><i>Bogactwo polskich światów fantasy. Od braku nadziei ku eukatastrophe</i></a> (in Polish). Gdański Klub Fantastyki. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-938843-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-938843-0-8"><bdi>978-83-938843-0-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bogactwo+polskich+%C5%9Bwiat%C3%B3w+fantasy.+Od+braku+nadziei+ku+eukatastrophe&rft.pub=Gda%C5%84ski+Klub+Fantastyki&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-83-938843-0-8&rft.aulast=Kaczor&rft.aufirst=Katarzyna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdepot.ceon.pl%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F9227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Sendivogius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiciora2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ciciora, Barbara (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jZMmAQAAIAAJ&q=matejko+sedziwoj+waza"><i>Jan Matejko</i></a> (in Polish). Bosz. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-89747-16-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-89747-16-7"><bdi>978-83-89747-16-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jan+Matejko&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Bosz&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-83-89747-16-7&rft.aulast=Ciciora&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjZMmAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dmatejko%2Bsedziwoj%2Bwaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Sendivogius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmweb.pl/serial/Alchemik+Sendivius-1988-3755">"ALCHEMIK SENDIVIUS"</a>. <i>www.filmweb.pl</i>. Filmweb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.filmweb.pl&rft.atitle=ALCHEMIK+SENDIVIUS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmweb.pl%2Fserial%2FAlchemik%2BSendivius-1988-3755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Sendivogius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Sendivogius&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Prinke, Rafał T. “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256546749_Beyond_patronage_Michael_Sendivogius_and_the_meanings_of_success_in_alchemy">Beyond Patronage: Michael Sendivogius and the Meanings of Success in Alchemy</a>” In Chymia: Science and Nature in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, edited by Miguel López Pérez, Didier Kahn, and Mar Rey Bueno. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010.</li> <li>Prinke, Rafal T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.levity.com/alchemy/sendi.html"><i>MICHAEL SENDIVOGIUS and CHRISTIAN ROSENKREUTZ The Unexpected Possibilities</i></a>, <i>The Hermetic Journal</i> (1990), 72-98.</li> <li>Prinke, Rafał T. “Nolite Me Inquirere (Nechtějte se po mně ptáti): Michael Sendivogius.” In <i>Alchymie a Rudolf II: Hledání Tajemství Přírody ve Střední Evropě v 16. a 17. Století</i>, edited by Ivo Purš and Vladimír Karpenko, 317–35. Praha: Artefactum, 2011.</li> <li>Sendivogius, Michael.<i>The Alchemical Letters of Michael Sendivogius to the Rosicrucian Society</i>. Holmes Pub Group Llc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55818-404-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-55818-404-X">1-55818-404-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Szydlo" class="mw-redirect" title="Zbigniew Szydlo">Szydło, Zbigniew</a>. <i>Water which does not wet hands. The alchemy of Michael Sendivogius</i>. London-Warsaw, 1994. <ul><li>Polish edition: <i>Woda, która nie moczy rąk. Alchemia Michała Sędziwoja.</i>. Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne: Warszawa, 1997.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Sendivogius&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sendivogius.pl">Sendivogius.pl</a>, website about the life and works of MIchal Sedziwoj</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.levity.com/alchemy/sendi.html">MICHAEL SENDIVOGIUS and CHRISTIAN ROSENKREUTZ: The Unexpected Possibilities online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.levity.com/alchemy/send10.html">LETTERS OF MICHAEL SENDIVOGIUS TO THE ROSEYCRUSIAN SOCIETY FOUND IN AN OLD MANUSCRIPT BY EBENEZER SIBLY M.D. 1791</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010428115353/http://main.amu.edu.pl/~rafalp/HERM/SENDI/gonzaga.htm">A letter from Michael Sendivogius to Vincenzo II Gonzaga, duke of Mantua (1562-1612)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://culture.pl/en/article/the-16th-century-alchemist-who-discovered-oxygen">The 16th Century Alchemist Who Discovered Oxygen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://culture.pl/en/podcast/SFTEW-23-TRANSMUTATION">TRANSMUTATION</a>, an episode of the podcast Stories From The Eastern West all about Sendivogius and alchemy in the Middle Ages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://polona.pl/search/?query=Micha%C5%82_S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j&filters=language:%C5%82aci%C5%84ski,creator:%22S%C4%99dziw%C3%B3j,_Micha%C5%82_(1566--1636)%22,category:books,public:1,hasTextContent:0">Works by Michael Sendivogius</a> in digital library <a href="/wiki/Polona" title="Polona">Polona</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alchemy" title="Template:Alchemy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alchemy" title="Template talk:Alchemy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alchemy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alchemy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alchemy_(general)226" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy (general)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_alchemists" title="List of alchemists">Alchemists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greco-Egyptian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathodaemon_(alchemist)" title="Agathodaemon (alchemist)">Agathodaemon (legendary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chymes" title="Chymes">Chymes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_the_Alchemist" title="Cleopatra the Alchemist">pseudo-Cleopatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Democritus" title="Pseudo-Democritus">pseudo-Democritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus (legendary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_the_Jewess" title="Mary the Jewess">Mary the Jewess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_of_Alexandria" title="Moses of Alexandria">pseudo-Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostanes" title="Ostanes">Ostanes (legendary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutia_the_Virgin" title="Paphnutia the Virgin">Paphnutia the Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosimos_of_Panopolis" title="Zosimos of Panopolis">Zosimos of Panopolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_alchemy" title="Chinese alchemy">Ancient Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fang_(alchemist)" title="Fang (alchemist)">Fang (alchemist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge_Hong" title="Ge Hong">Ge Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Geng" title="Master Geng">Master Geng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Boyang" title="Wei Boyang">Wei Boyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Byzantine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympiodorus_the_Younger" title="Olympiodorus the Younger">pseudo-Olympiodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Alexandria" title="Stephanus of Alexandria">Stephanus of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synesius" title="Synesius">Synesius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_and_chemistry_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemy and chemistry in the medieval Islamic world">Arabic-Islamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Razi" title="Abu Bakr al-Razi">Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (Rhazes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphidius" title="Alphidius">Alphidius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirr_al-khaliqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirr al-khaliqa">pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana (Balīnūs/Balīnās)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artephius" title="Artephius">Artephius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">pseudo-Avicenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arfa%27_Ra%27s" title="Ibn Arfa' Ra's">Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Umayl" title="Ibn Umayl">Ibn Umayl (Senior Zadith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Wahshiyya" title="Ibn Wahshiyya">Ibn Waḥshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Simawi" title="Al-Simawi">al-ʿIrāqī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Geber)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Yazid" title="Khalid ibn Yazid">pseudo-Khālid ibn Yazīd (Calid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jildaki" title="Al-Jildaki">al-Jildakī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picatrix" title="Picatrix">Maslama al-Qurṭubī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tughrai" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tughrai">al-Ṭughrāʾī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahrawi" title="Al-Zahrawi">al-Zahrāwī (Abulcasis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Albertus" title="Pseudo-Albertus">pseudo-Albertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldus_de_Villa_Nova" title="Arnaldus de Villa Nova">(pseudo-)Arnaldus de Villa Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Geber" title="Pseudo-Geber">pseudo-Geber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ripley_(alchemist)" title="George Ripley (alchemist)">George Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_di_Montanor" title="Guido di Montanor">Guido di Montanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Evesham" title="Hugh of Evesham">Hugh of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_of_Laz" title="Johann of Laz">Johann of Laz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dastin" title="John Dastin">John Dastin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Roquetaillade" title="Jean de Roquetaillade">John of Rupescissa (Jean de Roquetaillade)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_Salernus" title="Magister Salernus">Magister Salernus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scot" title="Michael Scot">pseudo-Michael Scot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortolanus" title="Ortolanus">Ortolanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Taranto" title="Paul of Taranto">Paul of Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Bonus" title="Petrus Bonus">Petrus Bonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">pseudo-Ramon Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">(pseudo-)Roger Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taddeo_Alderotti" title="Taddeo Alderotti">Taddeo Alderotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Norton_(alchemist)" title="Thomas Norton (alchemist)">Thomas Norton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Libavius" title="Andreas Libavius">Andreas Libavius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Valentine" title="Basil Valentine">Basil Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Trevisan" title="Bernard Trevisan">pseudo-Bernard of Treviso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Starkey" title="George Starkey">George Starkey (Eirenaeus Philalethes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Dorn" title="Gerhard Dorn">Gerhard Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Mercurio_da_Correggio" title="Giovanni Mercurio da Correggio">Giovanni da Correggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Khunrath" title="Heinrich Khunrath">Heinrich Khunrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennig_Brand" title="Hennig Brand">Hennig Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Jakob Böhme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont" title="Jan Baptist van Helmont">Jan Baptist van Helmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Rudolf_Glauber" title="Johann Rudolf Glauber">Johann Rudolf Glauber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Maier" title="Michael Maier">Michael Maier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Sendivogius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Jean_Fabre" title="Pierre-Jean Fabre">Pierre-Jean Fabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Norton_(alchemist)" title="Samuel Norton (alchemist)">Samuel Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Vaughan_(philosopher)" title="Thomas Vaughan (philosopher)">Thomas Vaughan (Eugenius Philalethes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Homberg" title="Wilhelm Homberg">Wilhelm Homberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung#Alchemy" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Canseliet" title="Eugène Canseliet">Eugène Canseliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frater_Albertus" title="Frater Albertus">Frater Albertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulcanelli" title="Fulcanelli">Fulcanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Atwood" title="Mary Anne Atwood">Mary Anne Atwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Alchemical_documents" title="Category:Alchemical documents">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atalanta_Fugiens" title="Atalanta Fugiens">Atalanta fugiens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurora_consurgens" title="Aurora consurgens">Aurora consurgens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_de_compositione_alchemiae" title="Liber de compositione alchemiae"><i>Liber de compositione alchemiae</i> (<i>Morienus</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Silvery_Water_and_the_Starry_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth">Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mercy_(alchemical_treatise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Mercy (alchemical treatise)">Book of Mercy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Balances" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of the Balances">Books of the Balances</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buch_der_heiligen_Dreifaltigkeit" title="Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit">Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cantong_qi" title="Cantong qi">Cantong Qi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chymical_Wedding_of_Christian_Rosenkreutz" title="Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz">Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavis_sapientiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Clavis sapientiae"><i>Clavis sapientiae</i> (<i>Miftāḥ al-ḥikma</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_consideratione_quintae_essentiae" class="mw-redirect" title="De consideratione quintae essentiae">De consideratione quintae essentiae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Tablet" title="Emerald Tablet"><i>Emerald Tablet</i> (<i>Tabula Smaragdina</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leyden_papyrus_X" title="Leyden papyrus X">Leyden papyrus X</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_Hermetis_de_alchemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Hermetis de alchemia"><i>Liber Hermetis de alchemia</i> (<i>Liber dabessi</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Ignium" title="Liber Ignium">Liber ignium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_lucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber lucis">Liber lucis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mappae_clavicula" title="Mappae clavicula">Mappae clavicula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mirror_of_Alchimy" title="The Mirror of Alchimy">Mirror of Alchimy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mutus_Liber" title="Mutus Liber">Mutus liber</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nabataean_Agriculture" title="The Nabataean Agriculture">Nabataean Agriculture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Norton_(alchemist)" title="Thomas Norton (alchemist)">Ordinal of Alchemy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Graecus_Holmiensis" title="Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis">Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Physika_kai_mystika" class="mw-redirect" title="Physika kai mystika">Physika kai mystika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosary_of_the_Philosophers" title="Rosary of the Philosophers">Rosary of the Philosophers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutbat_al-hakim" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutbat al-hakim"><i>Rutbat al-ḥakīm</i> (<i>Step of the Sage</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seventy_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy Books">Seventy Books</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirr_al-khaliqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirr al-khaliqa"><i>Sirr al-khalīqa</i> (<i>Secret of Creation</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretum_Secretorum" title="Secretum Secretorum"><i>Sirr al-asrār</i> (pseudo-Aristotle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirr_al-asrar_(al-Razi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirr al-asrar (al-Razi)"><i>Sirr al-asrār</i> (al-Rāzī)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Splendor_Solis" title="Splendor Solis">Splendor solis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summa_perfectionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa perfectionis">Summa perfectionis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suspicions_about_the_Hidden_Realities_of_the_Air" title="Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air">Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turba_Philosophorum" title="Turba Philosophorum">Turba philosophorum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Keys_of_Basil_Valentine" title="The Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine">Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Salomon_Trismosin#Aureum_Vellus" title="Salomon Trismosin">Aureum vellus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Chemica_Curiosa" title="Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa">Bibliotheca chemica curiosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Alchemia" title="De Alchemia">De alchemia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Theatrum_Chemicum" title="Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum">Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus_Chemicus" title="Fasciculus Chemicus">Fasciculus chemicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musaeum_Hermeticum" title="Musaeum Hermeticum">Musaeum Hermeticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theatrum_Chemicum" title="Theatrum Chemicum">Theatrum chemicum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theatrum_Chemicum_Britannicum" title="Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum">Theatrum chemicum Britannicum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tripus_Aureus" title="Tripus Aureus">Tripus aureus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Various</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" 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<li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pill_of_Immortality" title="Pill of Immortality">Pill of Immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosopher%27s_stone" title="Philosopher's stone">Philosophers' stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prima_materia" title="Prima materia">Prima materia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebis" title="Rebis">Rebis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spagyric" class="mw-redirect" title="Spagyric">Spagyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takwin" title="Takwin">Takwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yliaster" title="Yliaster">Yliaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alchemical_processes" title="Category:Alchemical processes">Processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alchemical_substances" title="List of alchemical substances">Substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchemical_symbol" title="Alchemical symbol">Symbols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alchemical_Symbols_(Unicode_block)" title="Alchemical Symbols (Unicode 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