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id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Portcullis</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab "><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" 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class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Portcullis&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>A <b>portcullis</b> (from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_French_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Old French language">Old French</a> <i> <i lang="fro"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/porte_coleice%23Old_French" class="extiw" title="wikt:porte coleice">porte coleice</a></i></i> 'sliding gate') is a heavy, vertically closing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gate">gate</a> typically found in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medieval_fortification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medieval fortification">medieval fortifications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i>portcullis</i> gate is constructed of a latticed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grille_(architecture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grille (architecture)">grille</a>, made of wood or metal or both, which slides down grooves inset within each jamb of the gateway.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Cahir_Castle_Portcullis_by_Kevin_King.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cahir_Castle_Portcullis_by_Kevin_King.jpg/220px-Cahir_Castle_Portcullis_by_Kevin_King.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cahir_Castle_Portcullis_by_Kevin_King.jpg/330px-Cahir_Castle_Portcullis_by_Kevin_King.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cahir_Castle_Portcullis_by_Kevin_King.jpg/440px-Cahir_Castle_Portcullis_by_Kevin_King.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="2481"></a> <figcaption> Portcullis at Desmond Castle, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adare">Adare</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County_Limerick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="County Limerick">County Limerick</a>, Ireland </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:CagliariElephantPortcullis.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CagliariElephantPortcullis.jpg/220px-CagliariElephantPortcullis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CagliariElephantPortcullis.jpg/330px-CagliariElephantPortcullis.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CagliariElephantPortcullis.jpg/440px-CagliariElephantPortcullis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></a> <figcaption> The inner portcullis of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torre_dell%27Elefante?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torre dell'Elefante">Torre dell'Elefante</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cagliari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardinia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, Italy </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Usage"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Usage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Heraldry"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Heraldry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Portcullis&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Usage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Peterstor_3.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Peterstor_3.jpg/220px-Peterstor_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Peterstor_3.jpg/220px-Peterstor_3.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Peterstor_3.jpg/330px-Peterstor_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Peterstor_3.jpg/440px-Peterstor_3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Double portcullis gates at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petersberg_Citadel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petersberg Citadel">Petersberg Citadel</a>, Erfurt </figcaption> </figure> <p>Portcullises fortified the entrances to many <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medieval?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castle">castles</a>, securely closing them off during times of attack or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siege?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siege">siege</a>. Every portcullis was mounted in vertical grooves in the walls of the castle and could be raised or lowered quickly by using <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chain">chains</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rope">ropes</a> attached to an internal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winch">winch</a>. Portcullises had an advantage over standard gates in that they could be closed immediately at a time of crisis by a single guard.</p> <p>Two portcullises to the main <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gate">entrance</a> would often be used. The one closer to the inside would be closed first, and then the one further away. This was used to trap enemies, and burning <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wood">wood</a> or fire-heated sand would usually be dropped onto them from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Murder-hole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder-hole">murder-holes</a> or the roof. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Early_thermal_weapons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hot_oil" title="Early thermal weapons">Hot oil</a>, however, was not commonly used in this manner, contrary to popular belief, since oil was extremely expensive.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaufmann61_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kaufmann61-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrowslit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrowslit">Arrowslits</a> in the sides of the walls enabled <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Archers">archers</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crossbow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crossbow">crossbowmen</a> to kill the trapped group of attackers.</p> <p>In England, working portcullises survive at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tower_of_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monk_Bar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monk Bar">Monk Bar</a> in York, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hever_Castle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hever Castle">Hever Castle</a> in Kent, and at the hotel conversion, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amberley_Castle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amberley Castle">Amberley Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Scotland, a working portcullis is at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Heraldry"><span class="anchor" id="Beaufort_portcullis"></span>Heraldry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Portcullis&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Heraldry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Beaufort_Portcullis_Badge_of_the_Tudors.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Beaufort_Portcullis_Badge_of_the_Tudors.svg/220px-Beaufort_Portcullis_Badge_of_the_Tudors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="260"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 229px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Beaufort_Portcullis_Badge_of_the_Tudors.svg/220px-Beaufort_Portcullis_Badge_of_the_Tudors.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="229" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Beaufort_Portcullis_Badge_of_the_Tudors.svg/330px-Beaufort_Portcullis_Badge_of_the_Tudors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Beaufort_Portcullis_Badge_of_the_Tudors.svg/440px-Beaufort_Portcullis_Badge_of_the_Tudors.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Beaufort Portcullis badge of the Tudors </figcaption> </figure> <p>The portcullis was the heraldic badge of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/House_of_Beaufort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="House of Beaufort">House of Beaufort</a>, and the first Tudor king, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a>, who was of matrilineal Beaufort descent, adapted both the portcullis and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tudor_rose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tudor rose">Tudor rose</a> into <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Badges_of_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Badges of England">Royal badges</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/House_of_Tudor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="House of Tudor">House of Tudor</a>. Since then, the portcullis has been a moderately common <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Motif_(visual_arts)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Motif (visual arts)">motif</a> of English <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heraldry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a>, especially that heraldry dating from the Tudor period. The heraldic office of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis_Pursuivant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portcullis Pursuivant">Portcullis Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary</a>, a junior <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Officer_of_arms?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Officer of arms">officer of arms</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/College_of_Arms?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London</a>, dates from this period.</p> <p>Through <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lord_Charles_Somerset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lord Charles Somerset">Lord Charles Somerset</a>, son of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Somerset,_5th_Duke_of_Beaufort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort">The 5th Duke of Beaufort</a>, the portcullis has found its way into several South African coats of arms. Somerset established several towns during his governorship at the then-<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Cape_Colony?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> and named them for his family. These include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Worcester,_South_Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Worcester, South Africa">Worcester</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Somerset_West?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somerset West">Somerset West</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fort_Beaufort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fort Beaufort">Fort Beaufort</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beaufort_West?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beaufort West">Beaufort West</a>. Institutions that derive the portcullis from these arms include a school, a chamber of commerce, and a rugby club. Other (around 30) South African coats of arms that include a portcullis are not necessarily related to either <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom">Lord</a> Charles Somerset or any of the towns named after and by him.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:HM_Customs_Ensign.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/HM_Customs_Ensign.svg/220px-HM_Customs_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 110px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/HM_Customs_Ensign.svg/220px-HM_Customs_Ensign.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="110" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/HM_Customs_Ensign.svg/330px-HM_Customs_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/HM_Customs_Ensign.svg/440px-HM_Customs_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> The ensign of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HM_Customs_and_Excise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HM Customs and Excise">HM Customs and Excise</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Although the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a> served as the official <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_residence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal residence">royal residence</a> for both Henry VII and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> until 1530, the current use of the portcullis as a symbol of the palace and of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> does not date from that time. Rather, the symbol was developed as part of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Barry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Barry">Sir Charles Barry</a>'s plans for the rebuilt palace after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burning_of_Parliament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burning of Parliament">the original burned down</a> on 16 October 1834; he conceptualized the new palace as a "legislative castle", and the symbol of a castle gate—i.e., a portcullis—fit well with the scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Since then, the portcullis has become the primary symbol of Parliament; an office building for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Members of Parliament</a> (MPs), opened in 2001, is named "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis_House?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portcullis House">Portcullis House</a>". During the 20th century, use of the portcullis as a symbol of Parliament spread beyond Britain and to the other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commonwealth_realm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a>. For instance, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Canberra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coat of arms of Canberra">coat of arms of Canberra</a> has a portcullis in its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crest (heraldry)">crest</a>, preserving a connection between the British Parliament at Westminster and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament of Australia">Australian Parliament</a> to which Canberra is home.</p> <p>The badge, coat of arms, and flag of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada_Border_Services_Agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada Border Services Agency">Canada Border Services Agency</a> all include a portcullis, symbolizing the agency's role as His Majesty's agents responsible for the border services of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A portcullis was previously found on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penny_(British_decimal_coin)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penny (British decimal coin)">British one-penny coin</a> and on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Threepence_(British_coin)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Threepence (British coin)">predecimal thrupenny bit</a>; this has since been replaced by a section of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom">Royal Arms of the United Kingdom</a>. It was also featured in the now-defunct <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HM_Customs_and_Excise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HM Customs and Excise">HM Customs and Excise</a> in the United Kingdom and still appears in the rank insignia for the various grades of commissioner in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Border_Force?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Border Force">Australian Border Force</a>.</p> <p>The portcullis may appear:</p> <ul> <li>as a charge in its own right, as in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk/great_london.html%23richmond%2520lb">arms</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_Borough_of_Richmond?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="London Borough of Richmond">London Borough of Richmond</a>: <i>Ermine, a portcullis chained or, a bordure gules charged with eight fleurs-de-lys or</i> <ul> <li>with nail heads shown in a contrasting colour, as in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk/thames_valley_chilterns.html%23wallingford%2520tc">arms</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wallingford,_Oxfordshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wallingford, Oxfordshire">Wallingford</a> Town Council: <i>Gules, a portcullis or studded sable, chained Argent, ensigned with an ancient crown of the second, all within an orle of bezants</i></li> <li>with spikes of a contrasting colour, as in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828061517/http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk/east_anglia_essex.html%23tendring%2520dc">crest</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tendring_District_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tendring District Council">Tendring District Council</a>: <i>...a portcullis or, nailed and spiked azure</i></li> </ul></li> <li>in the gateways of castles, fully lowered or part raised, as in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120205725/http://civicheraldry.co.uk/cornwall_wessex.html%23winchester%2520city">arms</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winchester_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester City Council">Winchester City Council</a>: <i>...five castles triple towered in saltire argent masoned proper the portcullis of each part-raised or...</i>; though these do not appear in gateways of castles unless the blazon specifies them.</li> </ul> <p>It is often shown with chains attached, even when the blazon does not mention them.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Portcullis&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Portcullises" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Portcullises">Portcullises</a></span>. </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drawbridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drawbridge">Drawbridge</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoarding_(castles)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoarding (castles)">Hoarding (castles)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Machicolation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Machicolation">Machicolation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sally_port?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sally port">Sally port</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yett?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yett">Yett</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Portcullis&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.etymonline.com/?term%3Dportcullis">"portcullis"</a>. <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=portcullis&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dportcullis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortcullis" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kaufmann61-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kaufmann61_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaufmann & Kaufmann, p. 61</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England407172" class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historic_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid%3D407172%26resourceID%3D19191">"Hever Castle (407172)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Hever+Castle+%28407172%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D407172%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortcullis" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England536761" class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historic_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid%3D536761%26resourceID%3D19191">"Monk Bar (536761)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Monk+Bar+%28536761%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D536761%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortcullis" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1983" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Christopher (1983). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/greatpalacestory00jone/page/113"><i>The Great Palace: The Story of Parliament</i></a></span>. London: British Broadcasting Corporation. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/greatpalacestory00jone/page/113">113</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-563-20178-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-563-20178-6"><bdi>978-0-563-20178-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Palace%3A+The+Story+of+Parliament&rft.place=London&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=British+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-563-20178-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatpalacestory00jone%2Fpage%2F113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortcullis" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinault1992" class="citation journal cs1">Quinault, Roland (1992). "Westminster and the Victorian". <i>Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</i>. Royal Historical Society: 79–104. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3679100">3679100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Royal+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Westminster+and+the+Victorian&rft.pages=79-104&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3679100%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Quinault&rft.aufirst=Roland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortcullis" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portcullis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/agency-agence/herald-armoiries-eng.html">"About the CBSA: CBSA Heraldry"</a>. <i>Canadian Border Services Agency</i>. The Government of Canada. 21 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Border+Services+Agency&rft.atitle=About+the+CBSA%3A+CBSA+Heraldry&rft.date=2015-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca%2Fagency-agence%2Fherald-armoiries-eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortcullis" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Portcullis&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufmann,_J.E.Kaufmann,_H.W.2001" class="citation book cs1">Kaufmann, J.E.; Kaufmann, H.W. (2001). <i>The Medieval Fortress: Castles, Forts and Walled Cities of the Middle Ages</i>. Greenhill Books. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85367-455-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/1-85367-455-9"><bdi>1-85367-455-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Medieval+Fortress%3A+Castles%2C+Forts+and+Walled+Cities+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Greenhill+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-85367-455-9&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+J.E.&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+H.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortcullis" class="Z3988"></span></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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</div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8_%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B2%25D9%2584%25D9%2582_(%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B5%25D9%258A%25D9%2586)" title="باب منزلق (تحصين) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باب منزلق (تحصين)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Герса – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Герса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Герса – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Герса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2581" title="Герс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Герс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastell" title="Rastell – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rastell" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padac%25C3%25AD_m%25C5%2599%25C3%25AD%25C5%25BE" title="Padací mříž – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Padací mříž" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faldgitter" title="Faldgitter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Faldgitter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallgatter" title="Fallgatter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fallgatter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastrillo_(arquitectura)" title="Rastrillo (arquitectura) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rastrillo (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herso" title="Herso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Herso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2%25D9%2587_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588" title="دروازه بالارو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دروازه بالارو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herse_(architecture)" title="Herse (architecture) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Herse (architecture)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geata_crochta" title="Geata crochta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Geata crochta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%258F%25AC%25ED%258A%25B8%25EC%25BB%25AC%25EB%25A6%25AC%25EC%258A%25A4" title="포트컬리스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포트컬리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saracinesca" title="Saracinesca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Saracinesca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8_%25D7%259E%25D7%25AA%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%259E%25D7%259D" title="שער מתרומם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שער מתרומם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valhek" title="Valhek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Valhek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2590%25BD%25E3%2581%25A8%25E3%2581%2597%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E5%25AD%2590" title="落とし格子 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="落とし格子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallgitter" title="Fallgitter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fallgitter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rast%25C3%25A8u_(arquitectura)" title="Rastèu (arquitectura) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rastèu (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brona_(budownictwo)" title="Brona (budownictwo) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brona (budownictwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastrilho_(arquitetura)" title="Rastrilho (arquitetura) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rastrilho (arquitetura)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hers%25C4%2583" title="Hersă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hersă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" 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