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Configure and use Varnish(TM)
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class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/get-started/first-steps/">Obtain application and server credentials</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/get-started/understand-default-ports/">Understand the default port configuration</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/get-started/wordpress-automattic/">Compare different Bitnami and Automattic WordPress solutions</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">apache</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/get-started/understand-config/">Understand the default Apache configuration</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">mariadb</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/get-started/understand-default-config-mariadb/">Understand the default MariaDB configuration</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/get-started/find-credentials-link-mariadb/">Obtain MariaDB credentials</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/get-started/connect-mariadb/">Connect to MariaDB</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">mysql</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/get-started/understand-default-config-mysql/">Understand the default MySQL configuration</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/get-started/find-credentials-link-mysql/">Obtain MySQL credentials</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/get-started/connect-mysql/">Connect to MySQL</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">php</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/get-started/understand-default-config-php/">Understand the default PHP configuration</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">phpmyadmin</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/get-started/access-phpmyadmin/">Connect to phpMyAdmin</a> </li> </ul> <h4 class="margin-t-small category__title page"> Configuration </h4> <ul class="margin-reset remove-style padding-l-reset"> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/change-language/">Modify the interface language</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/install-plugins/">Install plugins</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/use-jetpack/">Configure and use the Jetpack plugin</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/enable-installed-plugins/">Enable preinstalled plugins</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/configure-smtp/">Configure SMTP for outbound emails</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/install-plugins-amp/">Install the Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP) plugin</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/install-plugins-allinone/">Install the All-in-One WP migration plugin</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/install-plugins-wpdbmanager/">Install the WP-DBManager plugin</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/install-plugins-polly/">Install the Amazon Polly plugin</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/enable-cors-wordpress/">Enable CORS</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/wordpress-aws-s3/">Configure WordPress for cloud storage on Amazon S3</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/disable-wordpress-cron/">Disable the WordPress cron script</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/configure-varnish/">Configure Varnish (TM) for WordPress</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">apache</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/enable-modules/">Enable different Apache modules</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">mariadb</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/create-database-mariadb/">Create a new MariaDB database and user</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">mysql</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/create-database-mysql/">Create a new MySQL database and user</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/configure-workbench/">Configure MySQL Workbench</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">php</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/configure-timezone/">Modify the default PHP timezone</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/install-modules-php/">Install different PHP modules</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/configure-phpfpm-options/">Configure PHP-FPM options</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/configure-phpfpm-processes/">Configure PHP-FPM processes</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">phpmyadmin</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/configuration/enable-basic-auth/">Secure phpMyAdmin</a> </li> </ul> <h4 class="margin-t-small category__title page"> Administration </h4> <ul class="margin-reset remove-style padding-l-reset focus"> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/control-services/">Start or stop services</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/reset-wp-admin-email-address/">Reset the WordPress administrator email address</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/reset-wp-admin-password/">Reset the WordPress administrator password</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/reset-wp-admin-permissions/">Reset the WordPress administrator permissions</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/understand-file-permissions/">Understand WordPress filesystem permissions</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/configure-domain/">Configure the WordPress domain name</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/backup-restore-jetpack/">Create and restore application backups with the Jetpack plugin</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/upgrade/">Upgrade WordPress</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/backup-restore/">Create and restore application backups</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/upload-files/">Upload files using SFTP</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/use-wpcli/">Use the WP-CLI command line tool</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/use-maintenance-mode/">Activate or deactivate maintenance mode</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">apache</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/check-installed-modules/">List installed Apache modules</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/use-single-domain/">Access an application using only a single domain with Apache</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/redirect-custom-domains/">Redirect custom domains to the Apache server</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/configure-port/">Modify the Apache port</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/use-htpasswd/">Password-protect access to an application with Apache</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/publish-pages/">Publish web pages</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/create-ssl-certificate-apache/">Create an SSL certificate for Apache</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/enable-https-ssl-apache/">Enable HTTPS support with Apache</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/force-https-apache/">Force HTTPS redirection with Apache</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/enable-http2-apache/">Enable HTTP/2 support with Apache</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/check-ssl-certificate/">Troubleshoot SSL certificates and keys</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/use-htaccess/">Understand default .htaccess file configuration</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/use-pagespeed/">Use PageSpeed with Apache</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">gonit</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/configure-use-gonit/">Configure and use Gonit</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">mariadb</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/recover-database-mariadb/">Recover a MariaDB database</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/connect-remotely-mariadb/">Connect to MariaDB from a different machine</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/change-reset-password-mariadb/">Modify the default MariaDB administrator password</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/change-data-directory-mariadb/">Modify the MariaDB data directory</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/secure-server-mariadb/">Secure MariaDB</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/backup-restore-mysql-mariadb/">Create and restore MySQL/MariaDB backups</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/encrypt-tables-mariadb/">Encrypt a MariaDB database table</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">mysql</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/recover-database-mysql/">Recover a MySQL database</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/connect-remotely-mysql/">Connect to MySQL from a different machine</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/change-reset-password-mysql/">Modify the MySQL administrator password</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/change-data-directory-mysql/">Modify the MySQL data directory</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/secure-server-mysql/">Secure MySQL</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/backup-restore-mysql-mariadb/">Create and restore MySQL/MariaDB backups</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/encrypt-tables-mysql/">Encrypt a MySQL database table</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">php</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/phpinfo/">Check PHP configuration</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/create-custom-application-php/">Create a custom PHP application</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/deploy-php-application/">Deploy a PHP application</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/increase-upload-limit-php/">Modify the PHP file upload limit</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/disable-phpfpm/">Disable PHP-FPM</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/enable-phpfpm/">Enable PHP-FPM</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">phpmyadmin</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/export-database/">Export a database with phpMyAdmin</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/increase-upload-limit-phpmyadmin/">Modify the phpMyAdmin file upload limit</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/modify-execution-time/">Modify the phpMyAdmin script execution time</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">varnish</div> <li class="margin-b-normal focus"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/administration/configure-use-varnish/">Configure and use Varnish(TM)</a> </li> </ul> <h4 class="margin-t-small category__title page"> Troubleshooting </h4> <ul class="margin-reset remove-style padding-l-reset"> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/debug-errors/">Debug WordPress errors</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/optimize-bitnami-wordpress/">Optimize WordPress</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/enforce-security/">Secure WordPress</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/xmlrpc-and-pingback/">Re-enable XML-RPC pingback</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">apache</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/debug-errors-apache/">Debug Apache errors</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/deny-connections-bots-apache/">Deny connections from bots/attackers using Apache</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">mariadb</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/debug-errors-mariadb/">Check the MariaDB log files</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">mysql</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/debug-errors-mysql/">Check the MySQL log file</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/disable-binary-logging-mysql/">Disable binary logging in MySQL</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/install-mysqltuner/">Install and run mysqltuner</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">php</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/debug-errors-php-fpm/">Debug PHP-FPM errors</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/modify-execution-time/">Modify PHP script execution time</a> </li> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/send-mail/">Send email with PHP using an external SMTP account</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">phpmyadmin</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/debug-errors-phpmyadmin/">Debug phpMyAdmin errors</a> </li> <div class="component margin-t-small">varnish</div> <li class="margin-b-normal"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/troubleshooting/deny-connections-bots/">Deny connections from bots/attackers using Varnish(TM)</a> </li> </ul> <h4 class="margin-t-small category__title related"> <a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/apps/wordpress/related-how-tos/">Related guides for WordPress</a> </h4> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="col-7"> <article class="margin-t-bigger margin-b-enormous padding-h-normal"> <h1> Configure and use Varnish(TM) </h1> <section class="category__Content configure-use-varnish"> <p>Varnish(TM) is a web application accelerator (also known as a caching HTTP reverse proxy) that is installed and configured in front of any HTTP server and takes care of caching its contents. Varnish(TM) is fast, typically speeding up delivery with a factor of 300-1000x depending on the architecture.</p> <p>Varnish(TM) requires a working compiler (such as <em>gcc</em>) to compile its configuration file, which is then dynamically linked into the server process.</p> <h3 id="apache">Apache</h3> <h4 id="enable-varnishtm">Enable Varnish(TM)</h4> <p>Varnish(TM) is disabled by default, so it cannot be started using the control script. To enable it, follow the steps below:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Enable the Varnish(TM) service:</p> <pre><code> $ [ -f /opt/bitnami/scripts/varnish/start.sh.disabled ] && sudo mv /opt/bitnami/scripts/varnish/start.sh.disabled /opt/bitnami/scripts/varnish/start.sh $ sudo mv /etc/monit/conf.d/varnish.conf.disabled /etc/monit/conf.d/varnish.conf $ sudo gonit reload </code></pre> </li> <li> <p>Since Varnish(TM) with PageSpeed is not currently supported by Bitnami, ensure PageSpeed is disabled. Follow <a href="../../administration/use-pagespeed/">this guide</a> for more information on this.</p> </li> </ul> <h4 id="disable-varnishtm">Disable Varnish(TM)</h4> <blockquote> <p>IMPORTANT: Before disabling Varnish(TM), make sure that all services are stopped and that Apache is running on port 80 as described in the <a href="#customize-varnishtm">instructions to customize Varnish(TM) guide</a>.</p> </blockquote> <p>In some cases it is necessary to disable Varnish(TM). One example would be when trying to force HTTPS redirection with Apache (although you can also <a href="#use-varnish-tm-with-ssl">configure Varnish(TM) with SSL</a>). To disable Varnish(TM), follow these steps:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Stop the Varnish(TM) service:</p> <pre><code> $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh stop varnish </code></pre> </li> <li> <p>Disable the Varnish(TM) service:</p> <pre><code> $ sudo mv /opt/bitnami/scripts/varnish/start.sh /opt/bitnami/scripts/varnish/start.sh.disabled $ sudo ln -s /bin/true /opt/bitnami/scripts/varnish/start.sh $ sudo mv /etc/monit/conf.d/varnish.conf /etc/monit/conf.d/varnish.conf.disabled $ sudo gonit reload </code></pre> </li> <li> <p>Restart Apache:</p> <pre><code> $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh start apache </code></pre> </li> </ul> <h4 id="start-varnishtm">Start Varnish(TM)</h4> <p>By default, Varnish(TM) is configured to use TCP port 81. Follow these steps to start the Varnish(TM) service:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Execute these commands at the server console:</p> <pre><code> $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh start varnish </code></pre> </li> <li> <p>Ensure Apache is running:</p> <pre><code> $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh start apache </code></pre> </li> </ul> <p>Now you should be able to access the index page on both ports 80 and 81, for Apache and Varnish(TM), respectively.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Accessing the server through the 80 port will behave as if Varnish(TM) was not enabled, retrieving all the data from the server.</p> </li> <li> <p>Accessing the server through the 81 port will use Varnish(TM) as a reverse proxy, serving cached contents and requesting Apache for non-cached content.</p> </li> </ul> <h4 id="check-varnishtm-status">Check Varnish(TM) status</h4> <p>Check what Varnish(TM) is doing under the hood with the <em>varnishlog</em> command. To indicate which instance of Varnish(TM) you are interested in, specify the Varnish(TM) working directory which is located by default at <em>/opt/bitnami/varnish/var/varnish/</em>.</p> <pre><code>0 CLI - Rd ping 0 CLI - Wr 200 19 PONG 1340840690 1.0 0 CLI - Rd ping 0 CLI - Wr 200 19 PONG 1340840693 1.0 0 CLI - Rd ping 0 CLI - Wr 200 19 PONG 1340840696 1.0 </code></pre> <p>If you visit your server URL though the configured Varnish(TM) port (81 in our example), you will see a more interesting output message:</p> <pre><code>15 Hash c /favicon.ico 15 Hash c 75.101.208.108 15 VCL_return c hash 15 VCL_call c pass pass 15 Backend c 14 default default 15 TTL c 1976586397 RFC 120 -1 -1 1340840847 0 1340840847 0 0 15 VCL_call c fetch 15 TTL c 1976586397 VCL 120 -1 -1 1340840847 -0 .... 15 TxResponse c OK 15 TxHeader c Server: Apache 15 TxHeader c X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.13 15 TxHeader c Content-Type: image/vnd.microsoft.icon 15 TxHeader c Content-Length: 0 15 TxHeader c Accept-Ranges: bytes 15 TxHeader c Date: Wed, 27 Jun 2012 23:47:27 GMT 15 TxHeader c X-Varnish: 1976586397 </code></pre> <p>To get a clearer idea of what is happening, use the <em>varnishstat</em> command instead:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>NAME</th> <th>CURRENT</th> <th>CHANGE</th> <th>AVERAGE</th> <th>AVG_10</th> <th>AVG_100</th> <th>AVG_1000</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>MGT.uptime</td> <td>0+00:07:02</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAIN.uptime</td> <td>0+00:07:03</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAIN.sess_conn</td> <td>8</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.02</td> <td>0.03</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>0.01</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAIN.client_req</td> <td>197</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.47</td> <td>0.03</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>0.01</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAIN.cache_miss</td> <td>7</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.02</td> <td>0.03</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>0.01</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The command shows much more information but a clear indication of whether it is working can be obtained by checking the <em>MAIN.backend_reuse</em> (how often Varnish(TM) finds the contents in its cache) and the <em>MAIN.cache_miss</em> (how many times it failed and had to contact the web server).</p> <p>After browsing the site for a while, you may find something like the below:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>NAME</th> <th>CURRENT</th> <th>CHANGE</th> <th>AVERAGE</th> <th>AVG_10</th> <th>AVG_100</th> <th>AVG_1000</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>MGT.uptime</td> <td>0+00:19:34</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAIN.uptime</td> <td>0+00:19:35</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAIN.sess_conn</td> <td>26</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.03</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.08</td> <td>0.03</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAIN.client_req</td> <td>593</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.63</td> <td>0.04</td> <td>1.77</td> <td>0.65</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAIN.cache_hit</td> <td>6</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.03</td> <td>0.03</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAIN.cache_hit_grace</td> <td>3</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAIN.cache_miss</td> <td>12</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.02</td> <td>0.01</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAIN.backend_conn</td> <td>21</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.02</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.05</td> <td>0.02</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAIN.backend_reuse</td> <td>569</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>0.60</td> <td>0.04</td> <td>1.70</td> <td>0.62</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4 id="use-varnishtm-with-ssl">Use Varnish(TM) with SSL</h4> <p>Varnish(TM) is not compatible with HTTPS and needs an SSL terminator in front of it. However, it is possible to configure Apache to proxy all HTTPS requests to Varnish(TM). Follow the steps below:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="#start-varnish-tm">Enable and start Varnish(TM)</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Open the <em>/opt/bitnami/apache/conf/bitnami/bitnami-ssl.conf</em> Apache HTTPS virtual host configuration file in a text editor:</p> </li> <li> <p>Modify the Apache HTTPS virtual host (which uses port 443 by default) and add the lines shown below to proxy all its requests to Varnish(TM).</p> <pre><code> <VirtualHost _default_:443> ... ProxyPreserveHost On RequestHeader set "X-Forwarded-Proto" expr=%{REQUEST_SCHEME} ProxyPass "/" "http://127.0.0.1:81/" ProxyPassReverse "/" "http://127.0.0.1:81/" ... # Bitnami applications installed with a prefix URL (default) # Include "/opt/bitnami/apache/conf/bitnami/bitnami-apps-prefix.conf" </VirtualHost> </code></pre> </li> </ul> <blockquote> <p>NOTE: If the default Varnish(TM) port has been <a href="#modify-the-default-varnishtm-and-apache-ports">modified to port 80</a>, adjust the configuration shown above and replace all references to port 81 with port 80.</p> </blockquote> <ul> <li> <p>Add the same lines in any file ending with the prefix <em>-https-vhost.conf</em> in the <em>/opt/bitnami/apache/conf/vhosts/</em> directory.</p> </li> <li> <p>Configure the application to use the correct domain name. The steps to do this will vary for each application. As an example, if you are using WordPress, you would need to follow <a href="../../../../apps/wordpress/administration/configure-domain">these steps</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Restart Apache:</p> <pre><code> $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart apache </code></pre> </li> </ul> <h4 id="customize-varnishtm">Customize Varnish(TM)</h4> <p>Varnish(TM) is installed with a default configuration file, agnostic to the Web application being cached. Using this configuration file, although achieving high performance, could lead to some content not being properly refreshed in the Varnish(TM) cache. As a result, users would see an outdated version of the site.</p> <p>The solution is to use a custom VCL configuration file. There are multiple sources on the Internet that provide customized configuration files for different applications. A good source is the <a href="https://www.varnish-cache.org/trac/wiki/VCLExamples">Varnish(TM) example page</a>.</p> <p>This section discusses how to change the default configuration file to a WordPress-specific one. Follow the steps below:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="https://docs.bitnami.com/downloads/components/varnish/wordpress.vcl">Obtain the source file here</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p>The file requires some modification to register the port on which your Apache server will be running. This port can be read either from the Apache configuration file at <em>/opt/bitnami/apache/conf/httpd.conf</em> in the <em>Listen</em> directive:</p> <pre><code> ... # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. # #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 80 ... </code></pre> <p>Or by executing this command in a console:</p> <pre><code> $ egrep '^Listen ' /opt/bitnami/apache/conf/httpd.conf Listen 80 </code></pre> <p>With this value (80), edit the downloaded file and update the section below with the port number:</p> <pre><code> backend default { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "80"; } </code></pre> <blockquote> <p>NOTE: For Bitnami stacks, Varnish(TM) is installed on the same server as Apache so the host can be configured as <em>127.0.0.1</em>. You can also use Varnish(TM) to cache a remote server, by providing the host’s IP address.</p> </blockquote> </li> <li> <p>Copy the file to the Varnish(TM) directory:</p> <pre><code> $ cp /path/to/the/wordpress.vcl /opt/bitnami/varnish/etc/varnish/ </code></pre> </li> <li> <p>Stop Varnish(TM):</p> <pre><code> $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh stop varnish </code></pre> </li> <li> <p>Configure Varnish(TM) to load the appropriate file:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Edit the file at <em>/opt/bitnami/scripts/varnish-env.sh</em> to add a new line specifying the path to the new configuration file:</p> <pre><code> export VARNISH_CONF_FILE="/opt/bitnami/varnish/etc/varnish/wordpress.vcl" </code></pre> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>Restart Varnish(TM) (and Apache if needed):</p> <pre><code> $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh start varnish $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh start apache </code></pre> </li> </ul> <blockquote> <p>IMPORTANT: Varnish(TM) will not cache content if Apache’s PageSpeed module is enabled. <a href="../../administration/use-pagespeed/">Find out how to disable this module</a>.</p> </blockquote> <h4 id="modify-the-default-varnishtm-and-apache-ports">Modify the default Varnish(TM) and Apache ports</h4> <p>After checking all is working properly, you may want to change the Varnish(TM) port to a standard one, usually port 80. If it was free at installation time, it should already be in use by Apache. Follow these steps to change the default port number:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Stop Apache and Varnish(TM):</p> <pre><code> $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh stop apache $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh stop varnish </code></pre> </li> <li> <p>The configuration of the ports will involve first changing the Apache port and then the Varnish(TM) port. Move Apache to a different port, by editing the <em>Listen</em> directive in the Apache configuration file at <em>/opt/bitnami/apache/conf/httpd.conf</em>. Find the lines below:</p> <pre><code> ... # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. # #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 80 ... </code></pre> <p>and change them so that Apache listens on a different port:</p> <pre><code> ... # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. # #Listen 12.34.56.78:81 Listen 81 ... </code></pre> </li> <li> <p>Update your application configuration for Apache. For example, if your applications are configured for virtual hosts, change the port in the Apache <em>/opt/bitnami/apache/conf/httpd.conf</em> configuration file, the <em>/opt/bitnami/apache/conf/bitnami/bitnami.conf</em> file as well as any application-specific virtual hosts:</p> <ul> <li>Edit any virtual host file inside the <em>/opt/bitnami/apache/conf/vhosts/</em> directory.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>Configure Varnish(TM) to use the old Apache port (80) and specify the new port for Apache (81) in the configuration file.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Edit the file at <em>/opt/bitnami/scripts/varnish-env.sh</em> to add a new line to specify the value for the new port number:</p> <pre><code> $ echo "export VARNISH_PORT_NUMBER=80" | sudo tee -a /opt/bitnami/scripts/varnish-env.sh </code></pre> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>The Varnish(TM) configuration file at <em>/opt/bitnami/varnish/etc/varnish/APPNAME.vcl</em> contains the port that Apache is listening on. Update it to reflect the new Apache port (81):</p> <blockquote> <p>NOTE: Replace the <em>APPNAME.vcl</em> placeholder with the appropriate value for the Varnish(TM) configuration file name.</p> </blockquote> <pre><code> backend default { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "81"; } </code></pre> </li> <li> <p>Restart the servers.</p> <pre><code> $ sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart varnish </code></pre> </li> </ul> <p>Apache without caching should now be available at port 81 and Varnish(TM) at port 80 as a reverse proxy for Apache.</p> <blockquote> <p>NOTE: You can disable Varnish(TM) at any time by following <a href="../../administration/configure-use-varnish/#disable-varnishtm">these instructions</a>.</p> </blockquote> <h4 id="block-specified-urls-from-being-cached-by-varnishtm">Block specified URLs from being cached by Varnish(TM)</h4> <p>It is advisable to block phpMyAdmin and/or server-status from being cached and public. To do this. add the following lines of code to the end of the default Varnish(TM) configuration file at <em>/opt/bitnami/varnish/etc/varnish/default.vcl</em> or in the Varnish(TM) configuration file for your application:</p> <pre><code>sub vcl_recv { if (req.url ~ "^/phpmyadmin/.*$" || req.url ~ "^/server-status.*$") { return (synth(403, "For security reasons, this URL is only accessible using localhost (127.0.0.1) as the hostname")); } } </code></pre> <p><em>Varnish is a registered trademark of Varnish Software AB and its affiliates.</em></p> </section> </article> </div> <div class="col-2"> <aside class="documentable__sidebar padding-big margin-t-bigger"> <h4 class="margin-t-reset">In this article</h4> <div class="tocify documentable__sidebar__toc"></div> </aside> <section class="documentable__lastmod padding-big padding-l-bigger margin-v-enormous"> Last modification <span class="date">February 9, 2023</span> </section> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class='footer bg-dark type-color-reverse-anchor-reset'> <div class='container padding-v-bigger'> <div class='row collapse-b-desktop'> <div class='col-3 footer__copyright'> <h4 class="inverse"> <img src="https://d33np9n32j53g7.cloudfront.net/assets/logos/bitnami-by-vmware-dark-bg.svg" alt="Bitnami by VMware Logo" class=logo /> </h4> <a href="https://twitter.com/Bitnami" class="socialIcon margin-r-small"><svg role=img aria-label="See Bitnami's Twitter profile" viewBox="0 0 54 54" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title id="twitter_title">See Bitnami's Twitter profile.</title> <desc id="twitter_desc">Twitter icon</desc> <circle fill=currentColor cx=27 cy=27 r=27 /> <path d="M14 35.618A15.166 15.166 0 0 0 22.177 38c9.904 0 15.498-8.313 15.162-15.77A10.761 10.761 0 0 0 40 19.485c-.957.422-1.985.707-3.063.834a5.314 5.314 0 0 0 2.344-2.932 10.729 10.729 0 0 1-3.386 1.287A5.344 5.344 0 0 0 32 17c-3.442 0-5.973 3.193-5.195 6.51a15.17 15.17 0 0 1-10.994-5.54 5.288 5.288 0 0 0 1.65 7.078 5.33 5.33 0 0 1-2.417-.663c-.057 2.456 1.714 4.753 4.279 5.265-.751.204-1.573.25-2.408.09a5.33 5.33 0 0 0 4.982 3.683A10.767 10.767 0 0 1 14 35.618" fill=currentColor /> </svg> </a><a href="https://github.com/bitnami" class="socialIcon margin-r-small"><svg role=img aria-label="See Bitnami's Github profile" viewBox="0 0 54 54" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title id="github_title">See Bitnami's Github profile.</title> <desc id="github_desc">Github icon</desc> <circle fill=currentColor cx=27 cy=27 r=27 /> <path d="M27.5 14C20.044 14 14 19.968 14 27.33c0 5.888 3.868 10.885 9.233 12.647.675.122.921-.289.921-.642 0-.317-.011-1.155-.018-2.268-3.755.806-4.547-1.786-4.547-1.786-.614-1.54-1.5-1.95-1.5-1.95-1.225-.827.094-.81.094-.81 1.355.094 2.067 1.373 2.067 1.373 1.204 2.038 3.16 1.45 3.93 1.108.122-.861.47-1.449.856-1.782-2.997-.336-6.149-1.48-6.149-6.588 0-1.455.526-2.644 1.39-3.576-.14-.337-.603-1.693.132-3.527 0 0 1.133-.36 3.712 1.366a13.085 13.085 0 0 1 3.38-.449c1.146.005 2.301.153 3.38.449 2.577-1.725 3.708-1.366 3.708-1.366.737 1.834.273 3.19.134 3.527.865.932 1.388 2.121 1.388 3.576 0 5.12-3.156 6.248-6.164 6.578.485.411.917 1.225.917 2.468 0 1.782-.017 3.22-.017 3.657 0 .356.243.77.928.64C37.135 38.21 41 33.218 41 27.33 41 19.968 34.955 14 27.5 14" fill=currentColor /> </svg> </a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/bitrock5" class="socialIcon margin-r-small"><svg role=img aria-label="See Bitnami's Youtube profile" viewBox="0 0 54 54" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title id="youtube_title">See Bitnami's Youtube profile.</title> <desc id="youtube_desc">Youtube icon</desc> <circle fill=currentColor cx=27 cy=27 r=27 /> <path d="M24.2 31.286v-8.572L31.474 27 24.2 31.286zm16.215-11.163a3.543 3.543 0 0 0-2.476-2.526C35.756 17 27 17 27 17s-8.755 0-10.938.597a3.544 3.544 0 0 0-2.476 2.526C13 22.351 13 27 13 27s0 4.649.585 6.877a3.543 3.543 0 0 0 2.476 2.526C18.244 37 27 37 27 37s8.756 0 10.94-.597a3.543 3.543 0 0 0 2.475-2.526C41 31.649 41 27 41 27s0-4.649-.585-6.877z" fill=currentColor /> </svg> </a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/bitnami" class=socialIcon><svg role=img aria-label="See Bitnami's LinkedIn profile" viewBox="0 0 54 54" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title id="linkedin_title">See Bitnami's LinkedIn profile.</title> <desc id="linkedin_desc">LinkedIn icon</desc> <circle fill=currentColor cx=27 cy=27 r=27 /> <path d="M20.6 17.8c0 1.542-1.253 2.8-2.8 2.8S15 19.35 15 17.8c0-1.542 1.253-2.8 2.8-2.8s2.8 1.258 2.8 2.8zm0 5.2h-4.8v16h4.8V23zm7.889-.303H23.8V39h4.689v-8.553c0-2.295 1.024-3.656 2.979-3.656 1.802 0 2.666 1.309 2.666 3.656V39H39V28.676c0-4.364-2.395-6.476-5.755-6.476-3.351 0-4.765 2.697-4.765 2.697v-2.2h.009z" fill=currentColor /> </svg> </a><p class='type-color-light type-small'> Copyright © 2005-2024 Broadcom. 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