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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-기원" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기원"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>기원</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-기원-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-구조" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#구조"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>구조</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-구조-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-복제" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#복제"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>복제</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-복제-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-미토콘드리아_유전" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#미토콘드리아_유전"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>미토콘드리아 유전</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-미토콘드리아_유전-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>미토콘드리아 유전 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-미토콘드리아_유전-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-모계_유전" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#모계_유전"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>모계 유전</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-모계_유전-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-부계_유전" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#부계_유전"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>부계 유전</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-부계_유전-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-돌연변이" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#돌연변이"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>돌연변이</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-돌연변이-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>돌연변이 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-돌연변이-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-취약성" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#취약성"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>취약성</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-취약성-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-유전_질환" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#유전_질환"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>유전 질환</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-유전_질환-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-진단에_사용" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#진단에_사용"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>진단에 사용</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-진단에_사용-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-노화와의_관계" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#노화와의_관계"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>노화와의 관계</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-노화와의_관계-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-개인_식별에_사용" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개인_식별에_사용"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>개인 식별에 사용</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-개인_식별에_사용-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>역사</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">미토콘드리아 DNA</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 54개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondriale_DNS" title="Mitochondriale DNS – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mitochondriale DNS" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="دنا متقدرة – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دنا متقدرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="Мітахандрыяльная ДНК – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мітахандрыяльная ДНК" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="Митохондриална ДНК – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Митохондриална ДНК" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitohondrijska_DNK" title="Mitohondrijska DNK – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mitohondrijska DNK" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADN_mitocondrial" title="ADN mitocondrial – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ADN mitocondrial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondri%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_DNA" title="Mitochondriální DNA – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mitochondriální DNA" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitokondrielt_DNA" title="Mitokondrielt DNA – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mitokondrielt DNA" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondriale_DNA" title="Mitochondriale DNA – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mitochondriale DNA" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C_DNA" title="Μιτοχονδριακό DNA – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μιτοχονδριακό DNA" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mitochondrial DNA" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoma_mitocondrial" title="Genoma mitocondrial – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Genoma mitocondrial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitokondriaalne_DNA" title="Mitokondriaalne DNA – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mitokondriaalne DNA" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_mitokondrial" title="DNA mitokondrial – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="DNA mitokondrial" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="دی‌ان‌ای میتوکندریایی – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دی‌ان‌ای میتوکندریایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9nome_mitochondrial" title="Génome mitochondrial – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Génome mitochondrial" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="좋은 글"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondriol_DNA" title="Mitochondriol DNA – 북부 프리지아어" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mitochondriol DNA" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="북부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogondriaal_DNA" title="Mitogondriaal DNA – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mitogondriaal DNA" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADN_mitocondrial" title="ADN mitocondrial – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="ADN mitocondrial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99" title="גנום מיטוכונדרי – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גנום מיטוכונדרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%8F" title="माइटोकाण्ड्रियाई डीएनए – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माइटोकाण्ड्रियाई डीएनए" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitohondrijski_DNK" title="Mitohondrijski DNK – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mitohondrijski DNK" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D4%B4%D5%86%D4%B9" title="Միտոքոնդրիալ ԴՆԹ – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միտոքոնդրիալ ԴՆԹ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_mitokondria" title="DNA mitokondria – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="DNA mitokondria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_mitocondriale" title="DNA mitocondriale – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="DNA mitocondriale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%88%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2DNA" title="ミトコンドリアDNA – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミトコンドリアDNA" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%94%D0%9D%D2%9A" title="Митохондриялық ДНҚ – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Митохондриялық ДНҚ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADN_mitochondriale" title="ADN mitochondriale – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="ADN mitochondriale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="Митохондриска ДНК – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Митохондриска ДНК" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%A5" title="Митохондрийн ДНХ – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Митохондрийн ДНХ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_mitokondrion" title="DNA mitokondrion – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="DNA mitokondrion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondriaal_DNA" title="Mitochondriaal DNA – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mitochondriaal DNA" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitokondrielt_DNA" title="Mitokondrielt DNA – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mitokondrielt DNA" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrialny_DNA" title="Mitochondrialny DNA – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mitochondrialny DNA" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%89%D9%8A.%D8%A7%DB%90%D9%86.%D8%A7%DB%90" title="مایتوکاندري ډي.اېن.اې – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مایتوکاندري ډي.اېن.اې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADN_mitocondrial" title="ADN mitocondrial – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ADN mitocondrial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADN_mitocondrial" title="ADN mitocondrial – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="ADN mitocondrial" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="Митохондриальная ДНК – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Митохондриальная ДНК" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%BD%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84_%DA%8A%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="مائيٽوڪونڊريل ڊي اين اي – 신디어" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مائيٽوڪونڊريل ڊي اين اي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="신디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitohondrijski_genom" title="Mitohondrijski genom – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mitohondrijski genom" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mitochondrial DNA" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondri%C3%A1lna_DNA" title="Mitochondriálna DNA – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mitochondriálna DNA" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitohondrijska_DNK" title="Mitohondrijska DNK – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mitohondrijska DNK" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Митохондријски геном – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Митохондријски геном" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrioale_DNA" title="Mitochondrioale DNA – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Mitochondrioale DNA" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitokondriellt_DNA" title="Mitokondriellt DNA – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mitokondriellt DNA" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_ya_mitokondria" title="DNA ya mitokondria – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="DNA ya mitokondria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="இழைமணிகளின் டி ஆக்சி-ரைபோநியூக்லியிக் காடி – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இழைமணிகளின் டி ஆக்சி-ரைபோநியூக்லியிக் காடி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ดีเอ็นเอของไมโทคอนเดรีย – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดีเอ็นเอของไมโทคอนเดรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitokondriyal_DNA" title="Mitokondriyal DNA – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mitokondriyal DNA" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="Мітохондріальна ДНК – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мітохондріальна ДНК" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_ty_th%E1%BB%83" title="DNA ty thể – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="DNA ty thể" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E7%B2%92%E4%BD%93DNA" title="线粒体DNA – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mitochondrial_DNA" hreflang="en"><span>위키미디어 공용</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27075" title="데이터 저장소에 연결된 항목을 가리키는 링크 [g]" accesskey="g"><span>위키데이터 항목</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Electron_microscopy_reveals_mitochondrial_DNA_in_discrete_foci.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Electron_microscopy_reveals_mitochondrial_DNA_in_discrete_foci.jpg/220px-Electron_microscopy_reveals_mitochondrial_DNA_in_discrete_foci.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Electron_microscopy_reveals_mitochondrial_DNA_in_discrete_foci.jpg/330px-Electron_microscopy_reveals_mitochondrial_DNA_in_discrete_foci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Electron_microscopy_reveals_mitochondrial_DNA_in_discrete_foci.jpg/440px-Electron_microscopy_reveals_mitochondrial_DNA_in_discrete_foci.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="1236" /></a><figcaption>전자현미경으로 본 미토콘드리아 DNA. 기준 막대는 200 nm. (A) DNA에 대한 항체와 금으로 표지한 후 자른 단면. mtDNA(검은 점)는 미토콘드리아 막 근처에서 발견된다. (B) CSK 완충용액으로 세포질을 추출하고 항-DNA 항체와 금으로 표지한 것. 금 입자로 표지된 mtDNA는 잘 추출되지 않는다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>미토콘드리아 DNA</b>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">mitochondrial DNA</span>, <b>mtDNA</b> 또는 <b>mDNA</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%86%8C%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="세포소기관">세포소기관</a>인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="미토콘드리아">미토콘드리아</a>에 존재하는 <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>이다. 미토콘드리아 DNA는 진핵세포에 있는 DNA 중 극히 일부를 차지한다. 대부분의 DNA는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5" class="mw-disambig" title="핵">핵</a> 내에 존재하며, 식물의 경우에는 핵과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%BD%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4" title="엽록체">엽록체</a>에 존재한다. </p><p>사람 미토콘드리아 DNA는 가장 작은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%BC%EC%83%89%EC%B2%B4" title="염색체">염색체</a>로 간주하며, 37개 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="유전자">유전자</a>와 약 16,600개 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%8C%8D" title="염기쌍">염기쌍</a>이 있다. 사람 미토콘드리아 DNA는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C_%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="사람 유전체">사람 유전체</a> 가운데 처음으로 서열을 밝혔다. 사람을 포함한 대부분 종에서 미토콘드리아 DNA는 오직 모계로만 유전된다.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>몇몇 멸종된 생물을 포함하여 다수의 생물과 개인의 미토콘드리아 DNA의 서열이 밝혀져 있다. 멸종된 생물의 DNA 서열은 종 사이의 진화적 관계를 밝히는 데 사용되며 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%ED%86%B5%ED%95%99" title="계통학">계통학</a>의 근간이 된다. 미토콘드리아 DNA는 또한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%A5%98%ED%95%99" title="인류학">인류학</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99" title="생태학">생태학</a>에서는 인종 간의 관계를 밝히는 데 쓰인다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="기원"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.EC.9B.90"></span>기원</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 기원"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>핵 DNA와 미토콘드리아 DNA는 진화적으로 서로 다른 기원을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 미토콘드리아 DNA는 오늘날 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%95%B5%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="진핵세포">진핵세포</a>의 초기 조상에게 잡아먹힌(<span lang="en">engulfed</span>) <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%95%ED%85%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" class="mw-redirect" title="박테리아">박테리아</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%ED%98%95_DNA" class="mw-disambig" title="원형 DNA">원형 DNA</a>에서 유래했을 것으로 추정된다. 이 이론은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EB%82%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%83%9D%EC%84%A4" title="세포 내 공생설">세포 내 공생설</a>이라고 한다. 각 미토콘드리아는 약 2-10개의 미토콘드리아 DNA 복사본을 가지고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 현존하는 세포의 미토콘드리아 단백질은 거의 대부분이 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B5_DNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="핵 DNA (없는 문서)">핵 DNA</a>에 암호화되어 있으며, 이들 핵 DNA는 박테리아에서 기원하여 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="진화">진화</a>하는 동안 진핵생물의 핵으로 옮겨갔을 것으로 추정된다.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%9C%A0%EB%A5%98" title="포유류">포유류</a>의 경우 미토콘드리아 단백질 1500여 종류가 핵 DNA에 암호화되어 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="구조"><span id=".EA.B5.AC.EC.A1.B0"></span>구조</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 구조"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Mitochondrial_DNA_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mitochondrial_DNA_en.svg/300px-Mitochondrial_DNA_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mitochondrial_DNA_en.svg/450px-Mitochondrial_DNA_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mitochondrial_DNA_en.svg/600px-Mitochondrial_DNA_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1930" data-file-height="1560" /></a><figcaption>사람의 미토콘드리아 DNA 구조</figcaption></figure> <p>다세포생물의 미토콘드리아 DNA는 대부분 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9C%A0%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="공유결합">공유결합</a>으로 닫힌 원형 이중가닥 DNA이다. 단세포생물(e.g. <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%AC%EB%AA%A8%EC%B6%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="섬모충">섬모충</a>인 <a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%A9%94%EB%82%98" title="테트라하이메나">테트라하이메나</a> 혹은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%98" class="mw-redirect" title="녹조류">녹조류</a>인 <i><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%AF%B8%EB%8F%84%EB%AA%A8%EB%82%98%EC%8A%A4" title="클라미도모나스">Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</a></i>)과 드물게 다세포생물(e.g. <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%ED%8F%AC%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="자포동물">자포동물</a> 중 몇몇 종)의 경우 미토콘드리아 DNA가 선형이다. 이런 선형 DNA는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%85%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%A8%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="텔로머레이스">텔로머레이스</a>에 독립적인 <a href="/wiki/%ED%85%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%AF%B8%EC%96%B4" title="텔로미어">텔로미어</a>를 가지고 있으며 특수한 방법으로 복제된다. 선형 미토콘드리아 DNA를 가진 단세포생물 중에는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%91%EC%9B%90%EC%B2%B4" title="병원체">병원체</a>가 많아 사람의 원형 미토콘드리아 DNA는 교란시키지 않고 병원체만 교란시키는 약물의 표적이 된다.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>일반적으로 사람을 포함한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="후생동물">후생동물</a> 세포 한 개당 미토콘드리아 DNA 100-10,000개 복사본이 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>주 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 포유류의 경우 각 이중가닥 원형 미토콘드리아 DNA 분자는 15,000-17,000개<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%8C%8D" title="염기쌍">염기쌍</a>으로 이루어진다. 미토콘드리아 DNA의 양쪽 가닥은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%89%B4%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C" title="뉴클레오타이드">뉴클레오타이드</a> 함량이 다르다. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%95%84%EB%8B%8C" title="구아닌">구아닌</a>이 풍부한 가닥은 무거운 사슬(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/heavy_strand" class="extiw" title="en:heavy strand">heavy strand</a>, H-strand)로, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%ED%86%A0%EC%8B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="시토신">시토신</a>이 풍부한 가닥은 가벼운 사슬(L-strand)로 불린다. 무거운 사슬에는 28개, 가벼운 사슬에는 9개의 유전자가 암호화되어 있다. 총 37개의 유전자 중 13개는 단백질(<a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC%ED%8E%A9%ED%8B%B0%EB%93%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="폴리펩티드">폴리펩티드</a>)로 발현되고, 22개는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%A0%B9_RNA" title="전령 RNA">전령 RNA</a>(tRNA), 그리고 나머지 2개는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%9C_RNA" title="리보솜 RNA">리보솜 RNA</a>(rRNA)의 대단위 및 소단위가 된다. 몇몇 종은 유전자 한두 개가 부족하고 미토콘드리아 DNA의 크기가 큰 경우도 있지만, 이 비율은 대부분의 후생동물에서 일정하다. 진균류와 식물은 유전자의 수와 DNA의 크기에서 훨씬 큰 차이를 보이고, 이 경우에도 진핵생물에 존재하는 주요 유전자는 모두 가지고 있다. 특정 식물 종은 염기쌍 2,500,000개에 달하는 미토콘드리아 DNA를 가지고 있기도 하지만 훨씬 적은 양의 미토콘드리아 DNA를 가진 유사한 종과 유전자 수와 종류는 같다.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="복제"><span id=".EB.B3.B5.EC.A0.9C"></span>복제</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 복제"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>미토콘드리아 DNA는 <a href="/wiki/DNA_%EC%A4%91%ED%95%A9%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C" title="DNA 중합효소">DNA 중합효소</a> γ복합체로 복제된다. DNA 중합효소 γ복합체는 <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=POLG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="POLG (없는 문서)">POLG</a></i>에 암호화된 140 kDa의 DNA 중합효소와 <i>POLG2</i>에 암호화된 55 kDa의 부가적인 소단위로 이루어진다.<sup id="cite_ref-John2010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 복제 기구는 DNA 중합효소, <a href="/w/index.php?title=PEO1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PEO1 (없는 문서)">TWINKLE</a> 그리고 미토콘드리아 단백질 <a href="/w/index.php?title=SSB_%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%A7%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SSB 단백질 (없는 문서)">SSB 단백질</a>로 이루어진다. TWINKLE은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="헬리케이스">헬리케이스</a>로 이중가닥 DNA(dsDNA)의 일부분을 5'에서 3' 방향으로 풀어준다.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95" class="mw-disambig" title="수정">수정</a> 후 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%A9%EC%83%81" title="착상">착상</a> 전까지 미토콘드리아 DNA의 복제는 억제된다.<sup id="cite_ref-John2010_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EB%B0%98%ED%8F%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="배반포">배반포</a> 단계에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%91%EC%99%B8%EB%B0%B0%EC%97%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="영양외배엽">영양외배엽</a>의 세포들에서는 미토콘드리아 DNA의 복제가 시작되지만, <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EA%B4%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="내세포괴">내세포괴</a>의 세포들은 특정한 세포로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EB%B6%84%ED%99%94" title="세포 분화">분화</a>되는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EC%8B%A0%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="세포 신호">신호</a>를 받을 때까지 미토콘드리아 DNA의 복제가 시작되지 않는다.<sup id="cite_ref-John2010_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="미토콘드리아_유전"><span id=".EB.AF.B8.ED.86.A0.EC.BD.98.EB.93.9C.EB.A6.AC.EC.95.84_.EC.9C.A0.EC.A0.84"></span>미토콘드리아 유전</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 미토콘드리아 유전"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>대부분의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="다세포생물">다세포생물</a>의 경우 미토콘드리아 DNA는 어머니를 통해서 유전된다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%9E%90" class="mw-disambig" title="정자">정자</a>가 100-1,000개의 미토콘드리아 DNA 분자를 가지고 있는 반면, <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%9C%EC%9E%90" title="난자">난자</a>는 100,000-1,000,000개의 분자를 갖는다. 일반적으로 동물의 예에서 수컷의 정자와 암컷의 난자가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95" class="mw-disambig" title="수정">수정</a>될 때 정자의 미토콘드리아 DNA는 참여하지 못하며, 수정란에 있는 모계의 미토콘드리아 DNA은 다른 미토콘드리아와 재조합하지 않는다고 이해되고 있어 모계에서 모계로의 유래된 미토콘드리아DNA의 비율이 유지된다고 보고있다.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="모계_유전"><span id=".EB.AA.A8.EA.B3.84_.EC.9C.A0.EC.A0.84"></span>모계 유전</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 모계 유전"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%84%B1%EC%83%9D%EC%8B%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="유성생식">유성생식</a>하는 생물은 미토콘드리아를 모계로부터 받는다. 포유류의 정자에 있는 미토콘드리아는 수정 후 난세포에 의해 파괴된다.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 또한 정자의 미토콘드리아는 추진력을 얻기 위해 꼬리에 있으며, 수정 중에 꼬리는 떨어져 나간다. 부계 미토콘드리아 DNA를 가진 미토콘드리아는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EC%95%84" class="mw-redirect" title="배아">배아</a> 내에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%B9%84%ED%80%B4%ED%8B%B4" title="유비퀴틴">유비퀴틴</a>으로 표지된다는 보고가 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98%EA%B4%80_%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="시험관 수정 (없는 문서)">시험관 수정</a> 기술, 특히 정자를 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%82%9C%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="난세포 (없는 문서)">난세포</a>에 주입하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95" title="인공수정">인공수정</a> 기술은 이 과정을 방해할 수 있다. </p><p>미토콘드리아 DNA가 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%A8%EA%B3%84_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="모계 효과 (없는 문서)">모계 유전</a>된다는 사실을 이용하여 유전계보학자들은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EA%B3%84_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="모계 사회">모계 사회</a>를 추적한다.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>주 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 미토콘드리아 DNA에 있는 고도가변 조절영역(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hypervariable_control_region" class="extiw" title="en:hypervariable control region">hypervariable control region</a>, HVR)의 서열을 파악하여 DNA 계보 실험(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/genealogical_DNA_test" class="extiw" title="en:genealogical DNA test">genealogical DNA test</a>)을 한다. HVR1은 약 440개의 염기쌍으로 이루어져 있는데, 이 염기쌍을 데이터베이스나 대상의 HVR과 비교하여 모계 계보를 결정한다.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C" title="미토콘드리아 이브">미토콘드리아 이브</a>도 같은 유형의 분석을 통해 인류의 기원으로 추정되고 있다. </p><p>미토콘드리아 DNA는 빨리 돌연변이를 일으키고 잘 보존되어 있지 않기 때문에 진화적 관계를 파악하는데 유용하다. 서로 다른 종들 간에 미토콘드리아 DNA를 비교하여 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%ED%86%B5%EC%88%98" title="계통수">계통수</a>를 작성한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="부계_유전"><span id=".EB.B6.80.EA.B3.84_.EC.9C.A0.EC.A0.84"></span>부계 유전</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 부계 유전"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%80%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA_%EC%A0%84%EB%8B%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="부계 미토콘드리아 DNA 전달 (없는 문서)">부계 미토콘드리아 DNA 전달</a>입니다.</div> <p>몇몇 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%ED%95%A9" title="홍합">홍합</a>(<span lang="en">mussel</span>) 종은 때로 부계 미토콘드리아 DNA가 전달되기도 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 미토콘드리아가 부계 유전되는 사례에는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%ED%8C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EA%B3%BC" title="초파리과">초파리</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EA%BF%80%EB%B2%8C" title="꿀벌">꿀벌</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%EB%AF%B8" title="매미">매미</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 도 포함된다. 부계 유전 사례는 드물게 포유류에서 발견되기도 한다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%A5%90" title="생쥐">쥐</a>에서 그러한 사례가 보고된 바 있지만, 결과적으로는 수컷에서 유래한 미토콘드리아는 제거되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91" title="양">양</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>과 복제 소에서도 보고된 사례가 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 사람의 경우 보고된 사례가 한 개 있는데, 대상은 남자였다.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="돌연변이"><span id=".EB.8F.8C.EC.97.B0.EB.B3.80.EC.9D.B4"></span>돌연변이</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 돌연변이"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Mitochondrial_DNA_and_diseases.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Mitochondrial_DNA_and_diseases.svg/220px-Mitochondrial_DNA_and_diseases.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Mitochondrial_DNA_and_diseases.svg/330px-Mitochondrial_DNA_and_diseases.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Mitochondrial_DNA_and_diseases.svg/440px-Mitochondrial_DNA_and_diseases.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1734" data-file-height="1401" /></a><figcaption>미토콘드리아 DNA와 연관된 질병</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="취약성"><span id=".EC.B7.A8.EC.95.BD.EC.84.B1"></span>취약성</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 취약성"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>미토콘드리아에는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%98%B8%ED%9D%A1_%EC%82%AC%EC%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="호흡 사슬 (없는 문서)">호흡 사슬</a>이 있으므로 미토콘드리아 DNA는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%9C%EC%84%B1%EC%82%B0%EC%86%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="활성산소">활성산소</a>에 특히 취약하다. 미토콘드리아 DNA는 단백질로 싸여 있고 <a href="/w/index.php?title=DNA_%EC%88%98%EB%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DNA 수리 (없는 문서)">DNA 수리</a> 기구를 가지고 있지만, 핵 DNA의 그것들만큼 성능이 뛰어나지는 않다. 따라서 미토콘드리아 DNA에 산화적 손상으로 돌연변이가 생길 수 있고, 그 결과 단백질을 암호화하는 서열이 변하여 생명체의 대사나 건강에 영향을 미칠 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="유전_질환"><span id=".EC.9C.A0.EC.A0.84_.EC.A7.88.ED.99.98"></span>유전 질환</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 유전 질환"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%A7%88%ED%99%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="미토콘드리아 질환 (없는 문서)">미토콘드리아 질환</a>입니다.</div> <p>미토콘드리아 DNA 돌연변이로 생기는 질병에는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99%EB%B6%88%EB%82%B4%EC%84%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="운동불내성">운동불내성</a>과 심장, 눈, 근육 운동 기능을 잃는 병인 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BB%A8%EC%A6%88-%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4_%EC%A6%9D%ED%9B%84%EA%B5%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="컨즈-세이어 증후군 (없는 문서)">컨즈-세이어 증후군</a>(<span lang="en">Kearns-Sayre syndrome</span>, KSS) 등이 있다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%ED%99%94" title="노화">노화</a> 및 노화와 관련된 질병의 주요 원인이 미토콘드리아 DNA라는 증거가 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="진단에_사용"><span id=".EC.A7.84.EB.8B.A8.EC.97.90_.EC.82.AC.EC.9A.A9"></span>진단에 사용</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 진단에 사용"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>미토콘드리아 DNA 삭제 돌연변이는 생검 결과 음성인 전립선암을 진단하는 데 도움이 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="노화와의_관계"><span id=".EB.85.B8.ED.99.94.EC.99.80.EC.9D.98_.EA.B4.80.EA.B3.84"></span>노화와의 관계</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 노화와의 관계"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>노화와 미토콘드리아 DNA의 상관성에는 아직 논란의 여지가 있다. 노화가 미토콘드리아 유전체에 기능 장애를 일으킨다는 보고가 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 미토콘드리아 DNA에 돌연변이가 생기면 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%9C%EC%84%B1%EC%82%B0%EC%86%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="활성산소">활성산소</a> 생산과 활성산소를 제거하는 효소(e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94%EB%AC%BC_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B1%B0%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="과산화물 제거효소 (없는 문서)">과산화물 제거효소</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="카탈레이스">카탈레이스</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%80%EB%A3%A8%ED%83%80%ED%8B%B0%EC%98%A8_%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="글루타티온 과산화효소 (없는 문서)">글루타티온 과산화효소</a> 등) 사이의 균형이 흔들린다. 활성산소에 의하여 미토콘드리아 DNA에 유전적 손상이 축적되면 미토콘드리아는 기능을 상실하고 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0_%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EC%B9%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="자유 라디칼">자유 라디칼</a>을 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%A7%88" title="세포질">세포질</a>로 방출한다. 또한 미토콘드리아의 기능이 떨어지면 전체 대사 효율이 감소한다.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 미토콘드리아 DNA의 생화학적 특성과 그 종의 수명 사이에 상관관계가 있음을 보여주는 연구 결과도 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 노화 연구를 위한 실마리와 연구 방법을 찾기 위해 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="개인_식별에_사용"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.9D.B8_.EC.8B.9D.EB.B3.84.EC.97.90_.EC.82.AC.EC.9A.A9"></span>개인 식별에 사용</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 개인 식별에 사용"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>핵 DNA는 양쪽 부모로부터 받고, 유전자는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EC%9E%AC%EC%A1%B0%ED%95%A9" title="유전자 재조합">재조합</a>을 통해 재배열된다. 하지만 미토콘드리아 DNA는 대개 부모에서 자식으로 아무런 변화 없이 전해진다. 미토콘드리아 DNA도 재조합이 일어나기는 하지만 같은 미토콘드리온<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>주 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 내의 스스로의 복제본끼리만 일어난다. 이러한 이유에 미토콘드리아 DNA의 돌연변이율이 높은 것이 더해져<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 미토콘드리아 DNA는 모계 조상을 추적하는 강력한 도구가 되었다. 미토콘드리아 DNA는 다양한 종의 수백 세대 이전 조상까지 추적하는데 쓰였다. </p><p>미토콘드리아 DNA는 유효 집단의 크기가 작고 돌연변이율이 높아서 동일 종 내에서 개인이나 집단의 유전적 연관성을 파악하고 종들 간에 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%ED%86%B5%EC%88%98" title="계통수">계통</a>을 확인하는데 유용한 도구가 되었다. 생물학자들은 미토콘드리아 DNA 서열을 파악하고 비교하여 자료를 얻고 서열 간의 관계도, 곧 생물들 간의 관계도를 작성한다. 서열의 유사도를 파악하는 방법은 미토콘드리아 DNA에 생기는 돌연변이로 인하여 한계가 있다. 두 종이 가까운 편에 속할 때는 미토콘드리아 DNA 서열에서 차이나는 부분을 셀 수 있으므로 매우 유용하지만, 종 사이가 멀어지면서 서열 간의 차이가 커지면 세는 것이 불가능해진다. </p><p>1996년 미국 <a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EB%84%A4%EC%8B%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="테네시">테네시</a> 주와 폴 웨어(Paul Ware) 재판에서 최초로 미토콘드리아 DNA를 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99" title="법의학">법의학</a>적 증거로 채택하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2002년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%98%EB%A6%AC%ED%8F%AC%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" class="mw-redirect" title="캘리포니아">캘리포니아</a> 주에서 있었던 재판에서는 사람과 개의 신원 확인에 사용되었으며,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이것은 미국에서 개의 DNA를 증거로 채택한 최초의 사례가 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>한국에서는 2006년 서울 서초동 서래마을 영아유기 사건에서 모계 감별에 사용된 바 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC"></span>역사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=13" title="부분 편집: 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1960년대에 마짓 M. K. 나스(Margit M. K. Nass)와 실반 나스(Sylvan Nass)가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%ED%98%84%EB%AF%B8%EA%B2%BD" title="전자현미경">전자현미경</a>을 이용하여 <a href="/wiki/DNA_%EB%B6%84%ED%95%B4%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA 분해효소">DNA 분해효소</a>에 취약하고 실처럼 생긴 구조물을 미토콘드리아에서 발견하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=14" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480479">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mitochondrial_DNA?uselang=ko">미토콘드리아 DNA</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%B9" title="하플로그룹">하플로그룹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%A5%98_%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA_%ED%95%98%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%B9" title="인류 미토콘드리아 DNA 하플로그룹">인류 미토콘드리아 DNA 하플로그룹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C" title="미토콘드리아 이브">미토콘드리아 이브</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_genetics" class="extiw" title="en:Human mitochondrial genetics">en:Human mitochondrial genetics</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Mitochondrial disease">en:Mitochondrial disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternal_mtDNA_transmission" class="extiw" title="en:Paternal mtDNA transmission">en:Paternal mtDNA transmission</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_DNA&action=edit&section=15" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>내용주</dt></dl> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">난자와 정자는 예외이다.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">이와 유사하게 <a href="/wiki/Y_%EC%97%BC%EC%83%89%EC%B2%B4" title="Y 염색체">Y 염색체</a>는 부계 계보를 파악하는 데 사용된다.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">미토콘드리아(Mitochondria)는 미토콘드리온(mitochondrion)의 복수형이다.</span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>참조주</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Iborra, Francisco J.; Kimura, Hiroshi; Cook, Peter R. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/2/9">“The functional organization of mitochondrial genomes in human cells”</a>. <i>BMC Biol.</i> (영어) <b>2</b>: 9. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1741-7007-2-9">10.1186/1741-7007-2-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15157274">15157274</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Biol.&rft.atitle=The+functional+organization+of+mitochondrial+genomes+in+human+cells&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=9&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1741-7007-2-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15157274&rft.aulast=Iborra&rft.aufirst=Francisco+J.&rft.au=Kimura%2C+Hiroshi&rft.au=Cook%2C+Peter+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1741-7007%2F2%2F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sykes, Bryan (2003년 9월 10일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907140051/http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD020876.html">“Mitochondrial DNA and human history”</a>. <i>The Human Genome</i> (영어). Wellcome Trust. 2015년 9월 7일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD020876.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 7월 9일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Human+Genome&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+DNA+and+human+history&rft.date=2003-09-10&rft.aulast=Sykes&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenome.wellcome.ac.uk%2Fdoc_WTD020876.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130712005132/http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey/eve.html">“Mitochondrial DNA: The Eve Gene”</a>. <i>Bradshaw Foundation</i> (영어). Bradshaw Foundation. 2013년 7월 12일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey/eve.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2012년 11월 5일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bradshaw+Foundation&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+DNA%3A+The+Eve+Gene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%2Fjourney%2Feve.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wiesner RJ, Ruegg JC, Morano I (1992). “Counting target molecules by exponential polymerase chain reaction, copy number of mitochondrial DNA in rat tissues”. 《Biochim Biophys Acta.》 <b>183</b> (2): 553–559. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0006-291X%2892%2990517-O">10.1016/0006-291X(92)90517-O</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1550563">1550563</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochim+Biophys+Acta.&rft.atitle=Counting+target+molecules+by+exponential+polymerase+chain+reaction%2C+copy+number+of+mitochondrial+DNA+in+rat+tissues&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=553-559&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0006-291X%2892%2990517-O&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1550563&rft.au=Wiesner+RJ%2C+Ruegg+JC%2C+Morano+I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL; 외. (2000). “Section 17.1Synthesis and Targeting of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Proteins”. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21652/"><i>Molecular Cell Biology</i></a> (영어) 4판. New York: W. H. Freeman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Section+17.1Synthesis+and+Targeting+of+Mitochondrial+and+Chloroplast+Proteins&rft.btitle=Molecular+Cell+Biology&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=4th+edition&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Lodish+H%2C+Berk+A%2C+Zipursky+SL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK21652%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_et_al.%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%81%EC%A0%91%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%B8_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9" title="분류:CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용">링크</a>) CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>) CS1 관리 - 추가 문구 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%B6%94%EA%B0%80_%EB%AC%B8%EA%B5%AC" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 추가 문구">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Nosek J, Tomáska L, Fukuhara H, Suyama Y, Kovác L (1998년 5월). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-genetics_1998-05_14_5/page/184">“Linear mitochondrial genomes: 30 years down the line”</a>. <i>Trends Genet.</i> (영어) <b>14</b> (5): 184–8. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-9525%2898%2901443-7">10.1016/S0168-9525(98)01443-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9613202">9613202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+Genet.&rft.atitle=Linear+mitochondrial+genomes%3A+30+years+down+the+line&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=184-8&rft.date=1998-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-9525%2898%2901443-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9613202&rft.au=Nosek+J%2C+Tom%C3%A1ska+L%2C+Fukuhara+H%2C+Suyama+Y%2C+Kov%C3%A1c+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_trends-in-genetics_1998-05_14_5%2Fpage%2F184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramsdale.org/genetic.htm">“Genetic Genealogy”</a> (영어). Ramsdale.org. 2003년 5월 19일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 7월 10일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Genetic+Genealogy&rft.pub=Ramsdale.org&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramsdale.org%2Fgenetic.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ward BL, Anderson RS, Bendich AJ (1981년 9월). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0092-8674(81)90187-2">“The mitochondrial genome is large and variable in a family of plants (cucurbitaceae)”</a>. <i>Cell</i> (영어) <b>25</b> (3): 793–803. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0092-8674%2881%2990187-2">10.1016/0092-8674(81)90187-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6269758">6269758</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 8월 9일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=The+mitochondrial+genome+is+large+and+variable+in+a+family+of+plants+%28cucurbitaceae%29&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=793-803&rft.date=1981-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0092-8674%2881%2990187-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6269758&rft.au=Ward+BL%2C+Anderson+RS%2C+Bendich+AJ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2F0092-8674%2881%2990187-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John2010-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-John2010_10-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-John2010_10-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-John2010_10-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">John JC, Facucho-Oliveira J, Jiang Y, Kelly R, Salah R (2010년 3월). “Mitochondrial DNA transmission, replication and inheritance: a journey from the gamete through the embryo and into offspring and embryonic stem cells”. <i>Hum Reprod Update</i> (영어) <b>16</b> (5): 488–509. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fhumupd%2Fdmq002">10.1093/humupd/dmq002</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20231166">20231166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hum+Reprod+Update&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+DNA+transmission%2C+replication+and+inheritance%3A+a+journey+from+the+gamete+through+the+embryo+and+into+offspring+and+embryonic+stem+cells&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=488-509&rft.date=2010-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhumupd%2Fdmq002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20231166&rft.au=John+JC%2C+Facucho-Oliveira+J%2C+Jiang+Y%2C+Kelly+R%2C+Salah+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jemt E, Farge G, Bäckström S, Holmlund T, Gustafsson CM, Falkenberg M (2011년 11월). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241658/#gkr653-B2">“The mitochondrial DNA helicase TWINKLE can assemble on a closed circular template and support initiation of DNA synthesis”</a>. <i>Nucleic Acid Res</i> (영어) <b>39</b> (21): 9238–9249. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkr653">10.1093/nar/gkr653</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241658">3241658</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21840902">21840902</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acid+Res&rft.atitle=The+mitochondrial+DNA+helicase+TWINKLE+can+assemble+on+a+closed+circular+template+and+support+initiation+of+DNA+synthesis&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=9238-9249&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3241658&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21840902&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkr653&rft.au=Jemt+E%2C+Farge+G%2C+B%C3%A4ckstr%C3%B6m+S%2C+Holmlund+T%2C+Gustafsson+CM%2C+Falkenberg+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3241658%2F%23gkr653-B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">[참고](국립생물자원관-미토콘드리아 유전체)<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://species.nibr.go.kr/UPLOAD_TOTL//CMS/424/content.htm;jsessionid=nUFXQa1TaOqUFW13wKabCthetBAUTfLzXyr1C2JD7Bx5Ob6RpaaJD1R8KzqQYz0t.totl_was_servlet_engine1">https://species.nibr.go.kr/UPLOAD_TOTL//CMS/424/content.htm;jsessionid=nUFXQa1TaOqUFW13wKabCthetBAUTfLzXyr1C2JD7Bx5Ob6RpaaJD1R8KzqQYz0t.totl_was_servlet_engine1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cummins, J. M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/suppl_2/92.full.pdf">“Fertilization and elimination of the paternal mitochondrial genome”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Human Reproduction</i> (영어) <b>15</b>: 92–101. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11041517">11041517</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Reproduction&rft.atitle=Fertilization+and+elimination+of+the+paternal+mitochondrial+genome&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=92-101&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11041517&rft.aulast=Cummins&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumrep.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F15%2Fsuppl_2%2F92.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sutovsky, P.; 외. (1999년 11월 25일). “Ubiquitin tag for sperm mitochondria”. <i>Nature</i> (영어) <b>402</b> (6760): 371–372. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F46466">10.1038/46466</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10586873">10586873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Ubiquitin+tag+for+sperm+mitochondria&rft.volume=402&rft.issue=6760&rft.pages=371-372&rft.date=1999-11-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F46466&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10586873&rft.au=Sutovsky%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_et_al.%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%81%EC%A0%91%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%B8_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9" title="분류:CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vilà C, Savolainen P, Maldonado JE, and Amorin IR (1997년 6월 13일). “Multiple and Ancient Origins of the Domestic Dog”. <i>Science</i> (영어) <b>276</b> (5319): 1687–1689. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.276.5319.1687">10.1126/science.276.5319.1687</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9180076">9180076</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Multiple+and+Ancient+Origins+of+the+Domestic+Dog&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=5319&rft.pages=1687-1689&rft.date=1997-06-13&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9180076&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.276.5319.1687&rft.au=Vil%C3%A0+C%2C+Savolainen+P%2C+Maldonado+JE%2C+and+Amorin+IR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hoeh WR, Blakley KH, Brown WM (1991). “Heteroplasmy suggests limited biparental inheritance of Mytilus mitochondrial DNA”. <i>Science</i> (영어) <b>251</b> (5000): 1488–1490. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1672472">10.1126/science.1672472</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1672472">1672472</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Heteroplasmy+suggests+limited+biparental+inheritance+of+Mytilus+mitochondrial+DNA&rft.volume=251&rft.issue=5000&rft.pages=1488-1490&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1672472&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1672472&rft.au=Hoeh+WR%2C+Blakley+KH%2C+Brown+WM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Penman, Danny (2002년 8월 23일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011100342/http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn2716">“Mitochondria can be inherited from both parents”</a>. 《NewScientist.com》. 2008년 10월 11일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn2716">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2008년 2월 5일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NewScientist.com&rft.atitle=Mitochondria+can+be+inherited+from+both+parents&rft.date=2002-08-23&rft.aulast=Penman&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle.ns%3Fid%3Ddn2716&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kondo R, Matsuura ET, Chigusa SI (1992). “Further observation of paternal transmission of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA by PCR selective amplification method,”. <i>Genet. Res.</i> (영어) <b>59</b> (2): 81–4. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0016672300030287">10.1017/S0016672300030287</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1628820">1628820</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genet.+Res.&rft.atitle=Further+observation+of+paternal+transmission+of+Drosophila+mitochondrial+DNA+by+PCR+selective+amplification+method%2C&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=81-4&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0016672300030287&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1628820&rft.au=Kondo+R%2C+Matsuura+ET%2C+Chigusa+SI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Meusel MS, Moritz RF (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_current-genetics_1993-12_24_6/page/539">“Transfer of paternal mitochondrial DNA during fertilization of honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera L.</i>) eggs”</a>. <i>Curr. Genet.</i> (영어) <b>24</b> (6): 539–43. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00351719">10.1007/BF00351719</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8299176">8299176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Curr.+Genet.&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+paternal+mitochondrial+DNA+during+fertilization+of+honeybee+%28Apis+mellifera+L.%29+eggs&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=539-43&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00351719&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8299176&rft.au=Meusel+MS%2C+Moritz+RF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_current-genetics_1993-12_24_6%2Fpage%2F539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Fontaine, KM, Cooley, JR, Simon, C (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1963320">“Evidence for Paternal Leakage in Hybrid Periodical Cicadas (Hemiptera: <i>Magicicada spp.</i>)”</a>. <i>PLoS One.</i> (영어) <b>9</b> (9): e892. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0000892">10.1371/journal.pone.0000892</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1963320">1963320</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17849021">17849021</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLoS+One.&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+Paternal+Leakage+in+Hybrid+Periodical+Cicadas+%28Hemiptera%3A+Magicicada+spp.%29&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e892&rft.date=2007&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1963320&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17849021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0000892&rft.au=Fontaine%2C+KM%2C+Cooley%2C+JR%2C+Simon%2C+C&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1963320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gyllensten U, Wharton D, Josefsson A, Wilson AC (1991). “Paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in mice”. <i>Nature</i> (영어) <b>352</b> (6332): 255–7. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F352255a0">10.1038/352255a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1857422">1857422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Paternal+inheritance+of+mitochondrial+DNA+in+mice&rft.volume=352&rft.issue=6332&rft.pages=255-7&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F352255a0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1857422&rft.au=Gyllensten+U%2C+Wharton+D%2C+Josefsson+A%2C+Wilson+AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Shitara H, Hayashi JI, Takahama S, Kaneda H, Yonekawa H (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_genetics_1998-02_148_2/page/851">“Maternal inheritance of mouse mtDNA in interspecific hybrids: segregation of the leaked paternal mtDNA followed by the prevention of subsequent paternal leakage”</a>. <i>Genetics</i> (영어) <b>148</b> (2): 851–7. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1459812">1459812</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9504930">9504930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=Maternal+inheritance+of+mouse+mtDNA+in+interspecific+hybrids%3A+segregation+of+the+leaked+paternal+mtDNA+followed+by+the+prevention+of+subsequent+paternal+leakage&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=851-7&rft.date=1998&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1459812&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9504930&rft.au=Shitara+H%2C+Hayashi+JI%2C+Takahama+S%2C+Kaneda+H%2C+Yonekawa+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_genetics_1998-02_148_2%2Fpage%2F851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zhao X, Li N, Guo W; 외. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_heredity_2004-10_93_4/page/399">“Further evidence for paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in the sheep (<i>Ovis aries</i>)”</a>. <i>Heredity</i> (영어) <b>93</b> (4): 399–403. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.hdy.6800516">10.1038/sj.hdy.6800516</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15266295">15266295</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heredity&rft.atitle=Further+evidence+for+paternal+inheritance+of+mitochondrial+DNA+in+the+sheep+%28Ovis+aries%29&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=399-403&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.hdy.6800516&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15266295&rft.au=Zhao+X%2C+Li+N%2C+Guo+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_heredity_2004-10_93_4%2Fpage%2F399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_et_al.%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%81%EC%A0%91%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%B8_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9" title="분류:CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용">링크</a>) CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Steinborn R, Zakhartchenko V, Jelyazkov J; 외. (1998). “Composition of parental mitochondrial DNA in cloned bovine embryos”. <i>FEBS Lett.</i> (영어) <b>426</b> (3): 352–6. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2898%2900350-0">10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00350-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9600265">9600265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Lett.&rft.atitle=Composition+of+parental+mitochondrial+DNA+in+cloned+bovine+embryos&rft.volume=426&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=352-6&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2898%2900350-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9600265&rft.au=Steinborn+R%2C+Zakhartchenko+V%2C+Jelyazkov+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_et_al.%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%81%EC%A0%91%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%B8_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9" title="분류:CS1 관리 - et al.의 직접적인 사용">링크</a>) CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schwartz M, Vissing J (2002). “Paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA”. <i>N. Engl. J. Med.</i> (영어) <b>347</b> (8): 576–80. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMoa020350">10.1056/NEJMoa020350</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12192017">12192017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=N.+Engl.+J.+Med.&rft.atitle=Paternal+inheritance+of+mitochondrial+DNA&rft.volume=347&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=576-80&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMoa020350&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12192017&rft.au=Schwartz+M%2C+Vissing+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Michael Hogan (2010). E. Monosson, 편집. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eoearth.org/article/Mutation?topic=49496">“Mutation”</a> (영어). Washington DC: Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mutation&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+of+Earth.+National+Council+for+Science+and+the+Environment.&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Michael+Hogan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoearth.org%2Farticle%2FMutation%3Ftopic%3D49496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Alexeyev MF, Ledoux SP, Wilson GL. (2004년 6월). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clinsci.org/cs/107/0355/1070355.pdf">“Mitochondrial DNA and aging”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Clinical Science</i> (영어) <b>107</b> (4): 355–364. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1042%2FCS20040148">10.1042/CS20040148</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15279618">15279618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Science&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+DNA+and+aging&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=355-364&rft.date=2004-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2FCS20040148&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15279618&rft.au=Alexeyev+MF%2C+Ledoux+SP%2C+Wilson+GL.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clinsci.org%2Fcs%2F107%2F0355%2F1070355.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Reguly B, Jakupciak JP, Parr RL. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2950771">“3.4 kb mitochondrial genome deletion serves as a surrogate predictive biomarker for prostate cancer in histopathologically benign biopsy cores”</a>. <i>Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada</i> (영어) <b>4</b> (5): E118–22. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2950771">2950771</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944788">20944788</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+l%27Association+des+urologues+du+Canada&rft.atitle=3.4+kb+mitochondrial+genome+deletion+serves+as+a+surrogate+predictive+biomarker+for+prostate+cancer+in+histopathologically+benign+biopsy+cores&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=E118-22&rft.date=2010&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2950771&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20944788&rft.au=Reguly+B%2C+Jakupciak+JP%2C+Parr+RL.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2950771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Robinson K, Creed J, Reguly B, Powell C, Wittock R, Klein D, Maggrah A, Klotz L, Parr RL, Dakubo GD. (2010년 6월). “Accurate prediction of repeat prostate biopsy outcomes by a mitochondrial DNA deletion assay”. <i>Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis.</i> (영어) <b>13</b> (2): 126–31. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fpcan.2009.64">10.1038/pcan.2009.64</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20084081">20084081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prostate+Cancer+Prostatic+Dis.&rft.atitle=Accurate+prediction+of+repeat+prostate+biopsy+outcomes+by+a+mitochondrial+DNA+deletion+assay&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=126-31&rft.date=2010-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fpcan.2009.64&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20084081&rft.au=Robinson+K%2C+Creed+J%2C+Reguly+B%2C+Powell+C%2C+Wittock+R%2C+Klein+D%2C+Maggrah+A%2C+Klotz+L%2C+Parr+RL%2C+Dakubo+GD.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">de Grey, Aubrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019045854/http://pliki.supernova.com.pl/CELLFOOD/BADANIA/THE_MITOCHONDRIAL_FREE_RADICAL_THEORY_OF_AGING.pdf#">“The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (영어). Pliki.supernova.com.pl. 2013년 10월 19일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pliki.supernova.com.pl/CELLFOOD/BADANIA/THE_MITOCHONDRIAL_FREE_RADICAL_THEORY_OF_AGING.pdf">원본 문서</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 7월 10일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mitochondrial+Free+Radical+Theory+of+Aging&rft.pub=Pliki.supernova.com.pl&rft.aulast=de+Grey&rft.aufirst=Aubrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpliki.supernova.com.pl%2FCELLFOOD%2FBADANIA%2FTHE_MITOCHONDRIAL_FREE_RADICAL_THEORY_OF_AGING.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mark K. Shigenaga, Tory M. Hagen and Bruce N. Ames (1994년 11월 8일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924170349/http://www.pnas.org/content/91/23/10771.full.pdf+html">“Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Decay in Aging”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</i> (영어) <b>91</b> (23): 10771–10778. 2015년 9월 24일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/91/23/10771.full.pdf+html">원본 문서</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 7월 10일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+USA&rft.atitle=Oxidative+Damage+and+Mitochondrial+Decay+in+Aging&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=10771-10778&rft.date=1994-11-08&rft.au=Mark+K.+Shigenaga%2C+Tory+M.+Hagen+and+Bruce+N.+Ames&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcontent%2F91%2F23%2F10771.full.pdf%2Bhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Aledo JC, Li Y, de Magalhaes JP, Ruiz-Camacho M, Perez-Claros JA (2011). “Mitochondrially encoded methionine is inversely related to longevity in mammals”. <i>Aging Cell</i> (영어) <b>10</b> (2): 198–207. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1474-9726.2010.00657.x">10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00657.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21108730">21108730</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aging+Cell&rft.atitle=Mitochondrially+encoded+methionine+is+inversely+related+to+longevity+in+mammals&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=198-207&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1474-9726.2010.00657.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21108730&rft.au=Aledo+JC%2C+Li+Y%2C+de+Magalhaes+JP%2C+Ruiz-Camacho+M%2C+Perez-Claros+JA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Carlos K. B. Ferrari (2004). “Functional foods, herbs and nutraceuticals: towards biochemical mechanisms of healthy aging”. <i>BIOGERONTOLOGY</i> (영어) <b>5</b> (5): 275–289. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10522-004-2566-z">10.1007/s10522-004-2566-z</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BIOGERONTOLOGY&rft.atitle=Functional+foods%2C+herbs+and+nutraceuticals%3A+towards+biochemical+mechanisms+of+healthy+aging&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=275-289&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10522-004-2566-z&rft.au=Carlos+K.+B.+Ferrari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Taylor, Robert W (2005년 2월). “Gene therapy for the treatment of mitochondrial DNA disorders.”. <i>Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy</i> (영어) <b>5</b> (2): 183–194. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15757380">15757380</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Opinion+on+Biological+Therapy&rft.atitle=Gene+therapy+for+the+treatment+of+mitochondrial+DNA+disorders.&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=183-194&rft.date=2005-02&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15757380&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Robert+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Brown WM, George M Jr., Wilson AC (1979). “Rapid evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA”. <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</i> (영어) <b>76</b> (4): 1967–1971. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.76.4.1967">10.1073/pnas.76.4.1967</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/109836">109836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+USA&rft.atitle=Rapid+evolution+of+animal+mitochondrial+DNA&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1967-1971&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.76.4.1967&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F109836&rft.au=Brown+WM%2C+George+M+Jr.%2C+Wilson+AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_-_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="분류:CS1 관리 - 여러 이름">링크</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">C. Leland Davis (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promega.ca/~/media/files/resources/profiles%20in%20dna/103/mitochondrial%20dna%20state%20of%20tennessee%20v%20paul%20ware.pdf?la=en">“Mitochondrial DNA: State of Tennessee v. Paul Ware”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (영어)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 7월 11일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mitochondrial+DNA%3A+State+of+Tennessee+v.+Paul+Ware&rft.date=1998&rft.au=C.+Leland+Davis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.promega.ca%2F~%2Fmedia%2Ffiles%2Fresources%2Fprofiles%2520in%2520dna%2F103%2Fmitochondrial%2520dna%2520state%2520of%2520tennessee%2520v%2520paul%2520ware.pdf%3Fla%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stevenson, C. (2011년 6월 22일). <i>Rush to Judgement: a critical examination of the David Westerfield, Danielle van Dam child kidnapping and murder case, San Diego 2002</i> (영어). CreateSpace. 281–288쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/1460956974" title="특수:책찾기/1460956974"><bdi>1460956974</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rush+to+Judgement%3A+a+critical+examination+of+the+David+Westerfield%2C+Danielle+van+Dam+child+kidnapping+and+murder+case%2C+San+Diego+2002&rft.pages=281-288&rft.pub=CreateSpace&rft.date=2011-06-22&rft.isbn=1460956974&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202165809/http://legal.pblnn.com/pit-bulletin-legal-news-radio/97-disclaimer#">“Canine DNA Admitted In California Murder Case”</a> (영어). Pit Bulletin Legal News. 2014년 2월 2일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legal.pblnn.com/pit-bulletin-legal-news-radio/97-disclaimer">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 7월 11일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canine+DNA+Admitted+In+California+Murder+Case&rft.pub=Pit+Bulletin+Legal+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegal.pblnn.com%2Fpit-bulletin-legal-news-radio%2F97-disclaimer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">이은정 (2006년 9월). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212919/http://kofst.or.kr/kofst/PDF/2006/n9s448/GGDCBE_2006_n9s448_92.pdf">“DNA는 비밀을 알고 있다”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 한국과학기술단체총연합회(KOFST). 2014년 7월 14일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kofst.or.kr/kofst/PDF/2006/n9s448/GGDCBE_2006_n9s448_92.pdf">원본 문서</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 7월 10일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DNA%EB%8A%94+%EB%B9%84%EB%B0%80%EC%9D%84+%EC%95%8C%EA%B3%A0+%EC%9E%88%EB%8B%A4&rft.pub=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%A0%EB%8B%A8%EC%B2%B4%EC%B4%9D%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9%ED%9A%8C%28KOFST%29&rft.date=2006-09&rft.au=%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%80%EC%A0%95&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkofst.or.kr%2Fkofst%2FPDF%2F2006%2Fn9s448%2FGGDCBE_2006_n9s448_92.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">한면수 (2007년 6월 26일). 김형근, 편집. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencetimes.co.kr/?news=서래마을-영아살해-사건">“서래마을 영아살해 사건”</a>. 《DNA와 과학수사(21)》. 사이언스타임즈<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 7월 10일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DNA%EC%99%80+%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%88%98%EC%82%AC%2821%29&rft.atitle=%EC%84%9C%EB%9E%98%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%84+%EC%98%81%EC%95%84%EC%82%B4%ED%95%B4+%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4&rft.date=2007-06-26&rft.au=%ED%95%9C%EB%A9%B4%EC%88%98&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencetimes.co.kr%2F%3Fnews%3D%EC%84%9C%EB%9E%98%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%84-%EC%98%81%EC%95%84%EC%82%B4%ED%95%B4-%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">NASS MM, NASS S (1963년 12월). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcb.org/cgi/reprint/19/3/593.pdf">“INTRAMITOCHONDRIAL FIBERS WITH DNA CHARACTERISTICS : I. Fixation and Electron Staining Reactions”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Journal of Cell Biology</i> (영어) <b>19</b> (3): 593–611. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1083%2Fjcb.19.3.593">10.1083/jcb.19.3.593</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14086138">14086138</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=INTRAMITOCHONDRIAL+FIBERS+WITH+DNA+CHARACTERISTICS+%3A+I.+Fixation+and+Electron+Staining+Reactions&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=593-611&rft.date=1963-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1083%2Fjcb.19.3.593&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14086138&rft.au=NASS+MM%2C+NASS+S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcb.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F19%2F3%2F593.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84+DNA" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%A0%B9_RNA" title="전령 RNA">전령 RNA</a> (mRNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%9C_RNA" title="리보솜 RNA">리보솜 RNA</a> (rRNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B4%EB%B0%98_RNA" title="운반 RNA">운반 RNA</a> (tRNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B4%EB%B0%98-%EC%A0%84%EB%A0%B9_RNA" title="운반-전령 RNA">운반-전령 RNA</a> (tmRNA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">조절</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RNA_%EA%B0%84%EC%84%AD" title="RNA 간섭">RNA 간섭</a> (RNAi) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MicroRNA" title="MicroRNA">마이크로 RNA</a> (miRNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%A7%EC%9D%80_%EA%B0%84%EC%84%AD_RNA" title="짧은 간섭 RNA">소간섭 RNA</a> (siRNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PiRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="PiRNA">피위-결합 RNA</a> (piRNA)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%88%ED%8B%B0%EC%84%BC%EC%8A%A4_RNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="안티센스 RNA (없는 문서)">안티센스 RNA</a> (aRNA)</li> <li>RNA 가공 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%86%8C%ED%95%B5_RNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="소핵 RNA (없는 문서)">소핵 RNA</a> (snRNA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%86%8C%ED%95%B5%EC%86%8C%EC%B2%B4_RNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="소핵소체 RNA (없는 문서)">소핵소체 RNA</a> (snoRNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScaRNA" title="ScaRNA">scaRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y_RNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Y RNA (없는 문서)">Y RNA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B8%ED%97%A8%EC%84%9C_RNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="인헨서 RNA (없는 문서)">인헨서 RNA</a> (eRNA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_RNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="가이드 RNA (없는 문서)">가이드 RNA</a> (gRNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%B3%B4%EC%9E%90%EC%9E%84" title="리보자임">리보자임</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%91%EC%9D%80_%ED%97%A4%EC%96%B4%ED%95%80_RNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="작은 헤어핀 RNA (없는 문서)">작은 헤어핀 RNA</a> (shRNA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=StRNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="StRNA (없는 문서)">stRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TasiRNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TasiRNA (없는 문서)">tasiRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%86%8C%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4_mRNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="소유전체 mRNA (없는 문서)">소유전체 mRNA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">데옥시리보 핵산</a><br />(DNA)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">미토콘드리아 DNA</a> (mtDNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%BD%EB%A1%9D%EC%B2%B4_DNA" title="엽록체 DNA">엽록체 DNA</a> (cpDNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%EB%B3%B4%EC%A0%81_DNA" title="상보적 DNA">상보적 DNA</a> (cDNA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%94%94%EC%98%A5%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EB%B3%B4%EC%9E%90%EC%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="디옥시리보자임 (없는 문서)">디옥시리보자임</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4_DNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유전체 DNA (없는 문서)">유전체 DNA</a> (gDNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%B9%98%EB%AA%A8%EC%A7%80_DNA" title="하치모지 DNA">하치모지 DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A9%80%ED%8B%B0%EC%B9%B4%ED%94%BC_%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%BC%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%A5_DNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="멀티카피 단일가닥 DNA (없는 문서)">멀티카피 단일가닥 DNA</a> (msDNA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EC%82%B0_%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%AC%EC%B2%B4" title="핵산 유사체">핵산 유사체</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%9C%EB%85%B8_%ED%95%B5%EC%82%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="제노 핵산 (없는 문서)">제노 핵산</a> (XNA) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%BD%9C_%ED%95%B5%EC%82%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="글리콜 핵산 (없는 문서)">글리콜 핵산</a> (GNA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4_%ED%95%B5%EC%82%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="트레오스 핵산 (없는 문서)">트레오스 핵산</a> (TNA)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%A0%EA%B8%88_%ED%95%B5%EC%82%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="잠금 핵산 (없는 문서)">잠금 핵산</a> (LNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%A9%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_%ED%95%B5%EC%82%B0" title="펩타이드 핵산">펩타이드 핵산</a> (PNA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%A8%EB%A5%B4%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="모르폴리노 (없는 문서)">모르폴리노</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%8B%9D_%EB%B2%A1%ED%84%B0" title="클로닝 벡터">클로닝 벡터</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EC%A7%80%EB%AF%B8%EB%93%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="파지미드 (없는 문서)">파지미드</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%93%9C" title="플라스미드">플라스미드</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%95%ED%85%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4%ED%8C%8C%EC%A7%80_%CE%BB" title="박테리오파지 λ">박테리오파지 λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%93%9C" title="코스미드">코스미드</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%93%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="포스미드 (없는 문서)">포스미드</a></li> <li>인공염색체 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P1-%EC%9C%A0%EB%8F%84_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5_%EC%97%BC%EC%83%89%EC%B2%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P1-유도 인공 염색체 (없는 문서)">P1-유도 인공 염색체</a> (PAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B7%A0%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%97%BC%EC%83%89%EC%B2%B4" title="세균인공염색체">세균 인공 염색체</a> (BAC)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9A%A8%EB%AA%A8_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5_%EC%97%BC%EC%83%89%EC%B2%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="효모 인공 염색체 (없는 문서)">효모 인공 염색체</a> (YAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5_%EC%97%BC%EC%83%89%EC%B2%B4" title="인간 인공 염색체">인간 인공 염색체</a> (HAC)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%B2%B4%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="생체분자">생체분자</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%ED%83%84%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EB%AC%BC" title="틀:탄수화물">탄수화물</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%8B%B9%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%A7%88" title="틀:당단백질">당단백질</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EA%B8%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%BD%94%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C" title="틀:글리코사이드">글리코사이드</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88" title="틀:지질">지질</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9%EC%82%B0" title="틀:지방산">지방산</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9%EC%82%B0_%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1%EB%AC%BC%EB%93%A4" title="틀:지방산 대사 중간생성물들">지방산 대사 중간생성물</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9D%B8%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88" title="틀:인지질">인지질</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%91%EA%B3%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88" title="틀:스핑고지질">스핑고지질</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1%EB%AC%BC%EB%93%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="틀:스테로이드 대사 중간생성물들">스테로이드</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%82%AC%EB%85%B8%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C" title="틀:에이코사노이드">에이코사노이드</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%A7%88" title="틀:단백질">단백질</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%95%84%EB%AF%B8%EB%85%B8%EC%82%B0" title="틀:아미노산">단백질생성성 아미노산</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%95%84%EB%AF%B8%EB%85%B8%EC%82%B0_%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1%EB%AC%BC%EB%93%A4" title="틀:아미노산 대사 중간생성물들">아미노산 대사 중간생성물</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%ED%95%B5%EC%82%B0" title="틀:핵산">핵산</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%ED%95%B5%EC%97%BC%EA%B8%B0" title="틀:핵염기">구성 성분</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%89%B4%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1%EB%AC%BC%EB%93%A4" title="틀:뉴클레오타이드 대사 중간생성물들">뉴클레오타이드 대사 중간생성물</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%ED%85%8C%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%ED%94%BC%EB%A1%A4" title="틀:테트라피롤">테트라피롤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%ED%97%B4_%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1%EB%AC%BC%EB%93%A4" title="틀:헴 대사 중간생성물들">헴 대사 중간생성물</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%95%8C%EC%BD%94%EC%98%AC" title="틀:알코올">알코올</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a>: 국가 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27075#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202301-4">독일</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007539431305171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Mitochondrial DNA"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh92006022">미국</a></abbr></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=미토콘드리아_DNA&oldid=35847995">https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=미토콘드리아_DNA&oldid=35847995</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98" title="특수:분류">분류</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:DNA" title="분류:DNA">DNA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%AF%B8%ED%86%A0%EC%BD%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="분류:미토콘드리아 유전학">미토콘드리아 유전학</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%85%B8%EC%87%A0" title="분류:노쇠">노쇠</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">숨은 분류: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%ED%95%B4%EA%B2%B0%EB%90%98%EC%A7%80_%EC%95%8A%EC%9D%80_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B4_%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:해결되지 않은 속성이 있는 문서">해결되지 않은 속성이 있는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%A4%91%EB%B3%B5%EB%90%9C_%EC%9D%B8%EC%88%98%EB%A5%BC_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%9C_%ED%8B%80%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%B8%EC%B6%9C%EC%9D%84_%ED%8F%AC%ED%95%A8%ED%95%9C_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:중복된 인수를 사용한 틀의 호출을 포함한 문서">중복된 인수를 사용한 틀의 호출을 포함한 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:CS1_-_%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4_%EC%9D%B8%EC%9A%A9_(en)" 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