CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913593ccefd7fda2',cH: '1Fz2SQVOGO08HXpQByi2tsxL7FdZ2EKguV5MZ2Va7R0-1739793210-1.2.1.1-sxzrfjfU0_G1CWyDkBXahrf2U28pHBTqUxd1druR_lIuGzoCK6JGQL6K7IxnbBkI',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Tariq%20Mahmood&__cf_chl_tk=8XNDn9kcMsKW2t70WGfv5QtZ0FaB0VZaAiExaWTusvQ-1739793210-1.0.1.1-DS18Tz7sVTkcDBuYzu2Ff1KUMtKyXvzN9awII5xBJ7w",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739793210',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Tariq%20Mahmood&__cf_chl_f_tk=8XNDn9kcMsKW2t70WGfv5QtZ0FaB0VZaAiExaWTusvQ-1739793210-1.0.1.1-DS18Tz7sVTkcDBuYzu2Ff1KUMtKyXvzN9awII5xBJ7w",md: "oKjLUhqLOEYMzi7bgF0WBA96ALHaxy_uuWCF6HW4dvg-1739793210-1.2.1.1-PZQSrmPxuPF12RcbvBv_AY4YBm1GkMjukUo3K0z6zSI6XlQKYNSV9Z1mhaplZ8ORZqJTVGDmzSnugbfM64t0TeJxh9I9is3R0yJQCVwZG.hcBbcMXTb4GKOJ8CtZ5o3Lb4O1zNxlSA2lD.S09IcztBqZ8wUGvenr1VP3DgcOecWK5YvvxIYlZopskgeHIuJWy_bjmodKmzLw64NwkMLfCRaC0b0zX4mCcmzwYF.TTPEDtZ1P2Xp3aMgJZxWZlpqzT.8YiHRXC3AE6KYBycqHQn1CnRGA1kGBjHfu0Y9NfeeHfgVrB.4CtflVfze8Fa4xCinUeoFxWqzO9mQv3HJLmSEJ2x_A11EX4bEybvb8WPv80zNsU9yUfWaBgxf2Qf8RbGZkoD4QN1pSupsvr3pgP5irchIfP548YJVXa.0zlkpARd85uokabGp87EZ8A3m84577oUDDNUfqjLx8uybPZLlIs2m_WLYDzYIFDI7wp78rk_867oUsp.zaT8Cr5SWBCo3AIRxxG89UFby1eT4iEDgM6j2AwLlMDforVLU20sx5narYbo.d_5jR8rTma1z.jldn_I0ukglnWdxW_VZphHVa8L1fxP9G9rT2rH__3HiTzfK0db0byUF24DS1yduHxjKAYDMAskhldakB7pirQJ7Gn4C52IqdI4TkveJ9Hm6afvnjhkFGOjN0mPtVKAtjqehF1OSLDi5ZptlnZE1LnsuREt14atcofTFnTGNNKrcMjNORkwEO.Cs0TJcKnB0kbsjHW841Qrc6YeMJKX2HljSuURvtSqUg.akjWMBcjxlUrYOCghxuI4MDIxJcIjwuoy3DsV2S.AnwUb81DDU8s4AZhlbI0zyqYEXdy.V6RWCZmh2cXLS3L5TEwo3k1FTCWJPgFTd8UQnOulrJ33qoqoFG.Uv_EpeyO3CCXveUA25l8DEicyHr._p.X9EhoypJqj3nUGrLR4u2jPs4zdBlEgyvzf1VyXocgeazQYGItKn3P3zY7FK.aHfjpvjxHh.u5Lb1rakC.oMrddXI3N2zJ7P27XnZKlo5XMV7UQhnEWMLmbCndgQIxsQowo4oBFZhNYjuxGRFtoH.163nq42gm1c42LBy6j4qRU9JDrnyitGG7JU_51qFXfIgvKrj798pc5UZLpIaomK5tx2DWnrzvWd.Ap3FNwpiTmxNwoH7kaYfZF_dPPsW8jgHfy501TYqAxNAc4OZryDp7wMuejwXWeNvDOgaecX7wwt.UEsL9eyVzd0eIBi6zSq02Ouc8ov4oVMXzcDZuhkOj8sytRT6mgkDt2_mdXo6sV4u8LWKt4VhjWN0ZuSWciGihR0Mk4hh9.xxoMuXZ4f2jeED9bp_bbAvlmlo4ZhkOKoQM7yb.0bZBADRGSE2yXQ7qyvrXB8q7SdT815gwmwhJuIwtB9mIFhXK2oXU7FL0WglqofCXOqBKlUSKDF3HLJUwDfipkqsOanBAp2UT3ogbJke8YNo3bahOkq9ry2Ec6ewLFroxNnj59xT95rHQdr2fPzxABZx7O4qthpwdJCvM4deVq3auckScLHPEmUstYeuK4FXwU56zwSTk1w2MlOoXh9jcjJSpaSfK3eNbh413wCPvNDP0.gAL20tlL.iZUi_up8p4KaZZxjHYt5CsDUeV_1aq95StpJdYEm5ScF6Vo6covf6gMnAYSP_h_1egvu1APcFdYOIfChXt2WivVky4xPsAzKOEI0hBWgi8EFsusbU2GEosvM6eH7PA7T8Z8EmGxg5b3d0jCQoxTR4Hp8E4DBUhsEyXhA94nOi.AJVeWFbFwPMaFzMqY9zVXk8BFgnGvirtNvlpVsAkYFq4K93J7dEQiyizDOuTZZPw.weLWzg2feX7BpOMz2lKScQIYZ1ZNxhqOAN1UiX4Esg6B6OXL98vG567CT5V8.SdfhiVofT2s8llX2dmjc3g6gFGNihzchMb3o",mdrd: "cDEmlVYimGOOQRd4.PrDOqduZG5xfgdk7vS.WJwBcXM-1739793210-1.2.1.1-7T3ISDUW0Eq0jq.PBRgfDfsp7ACHbri1ZBuWy0IDalSMHXYzpehXnx1_ro8NhDuZukzYduHEo2yglC3HHZGlHyGI1L_mZkAsw_CCMtYXE9MbsgtSv7WFZyFtnNIuXA3hfKJF_BxrpyMSE8FNaY3_8P3dVezehn5iJLXMFih9YI5BrP7GGSAVrp_NSVuWo_Uyyo17u_oIy4y.Jm6jeFbTLP0UZKc6gEEwK8qH0i8WIkFTuxDPgvI5pMo31iYK14gdTCwdImLK642eUiY3KnOKRCITj14ev_Wkzs.P7ze.kRG_H7H_nDtJGVGnLxMt.bIZmXLqwZh2.wSmTrsfOykvbFN3mORUXKfrjhn5Rqj2Mzk0_ptJHZpmm_jpjqjLIctDVB7Z1RZztMH5boDBk1aZ4JT8fTdoe6eGEtWonQ1Iro7XYgzhxe74GkvBbojSMTeDUmT08dg6kDs4GyB4K_EJWtsudzE0T1H0EaRDScA6Zc8agfQEzB8AQDvYidQ1gPgkXo0VTJ.JME4rkpd_epMnN6A1K8vawIAjLMOAY6Eu4L0qr8Yg8c1PJ6ULbEDA4EALT6RWnzrLB1pkt19bon.QVUgNKiXrpetLObRiIjHAWlKuwn2OV_cDT3wXguDbAaEG8popgFiKzW3JkwukwpdYE9rdebmaQKq.XNSdoE2dtr89ZS5NHJCsTRGgUKcnaqrAWPcWxyK7on5pqBj5.NsVNKoYVRKZ3jmvGZkeVDxZ04snmmgmLvaOSzYvctWq1RRt.rAAQyHdfZZQQpCq8CJ0E.yJ_SNc6CTLqCDtzZ.__bmjnxCYhLCvmcXV6v0tXqMvUITsrutCasAumqsMc_UxpjTTxgGqmtkwff15Y4dqINom8KfwXksaQO1LBuKCJE.3dux3lSH7iMWjXsi2PB1flc2a2jrN1JIAeGziE8e_O1YIlCpSIBG9RDbmHOHk.y_SXfsRMvt7D5UrJvVaLtiBt2AEGH3ZewMDQVQHhCccjG7PQPo8bs8Met4Mm7Ufe51nDvxlVXAPHEF171XccHxm9kBimdgBgHHa8ZCGHzQYSZXBENdQkzEBMINcpIqK5Dbw2DY_IK3M7eiXHpiN3frtVhQTdXV3qvFYZjYWyHrh1YhOfH0KNWtPtEU2Xt8AAuWSnZu4ER58xJMbTuJVKlGR73k4dgv88eNIAHoj0QnFKD3IMUd1MRkgh8rgmrNhAqilwVGebZzh_mWws8.AJ8esBKfC5YrWcfsWd0uu_PkoLwkMGeuZLIhgR8qFFQYnmeyi83YtpJ0ZKxpnSmq4fbacnIA_srjMhyqLWxcO0a3rejyu0.rDisa3mNSG4ekmGsnSsmKwp9sPexXIMv9rs9h7zG6lPUZ7JV.7T_AzJoIVokxXrbVCDLjgB9lJmv19NS.63kTlNoEsdcKJPwPAQNeff2S2dd7_dJhd0K6QrWvLX2T7SXcBI31ubuMzUxxuLI.eq7W8XiGnUtKfOqUdZyaPqRyqUcnX0rkeu8zIMqoXpN40gYbBqCrDvRnSGv9eMBwH9lL8Z.luqK2NsoiphknehA9nixFRRAXXOcH42_cgPeOjZA3_LOXEdxS_wdEhst2qaU6jI8i4e_y_.qm3jiAi02N8F.pYfWsN_H0UQOPM9E8ut3e.rghX7_JS5mEAhVnjRfErzq3lKjWS39JO0t84dPCdM01C6F2xp0rkE8e0uoabyzW3QEu2zn5fPleqktAwZXGiWj8Tt4TB_a2dBcCq8ZR1i7IYX2c023RNYdWAFA3iOV.4O7N7Ab0IgeYvYxfF_Utvk_AuXkQWzdxBI1VLNerPT6W9_e6Xd6cpzqLLB1Oe6QD80mxwRWDF17mm2tQLdOZWMp5fjkL6r.PEX4p4dJ576az6DEI2Wrg79Xej8gG6V2Gv8hOyiHdpFufd3XILtYE36.ANoHlj9Jrzn_dk0rWWInOSCEx2KPROFiFGRw_KDEpMKYEMa_eG52peApq42JDXL91a6ninRmiWVql1ww"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913593ccefd7fda2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Tariq%20Mahmood&__cf_chl_rt_tk=8XNDn9kcMsKW2t70WGfv5QtZ0FaB0VZaAiExaWTusvQ-1739793210-1.0.1.1-DS18Tz7sVTkcDBuYzu2Ff1KUMtKyXvzN9awII5xBJ7w" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>