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<span>Animals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Animals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Animals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sequential_hermaphrodites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sequential_hermaphrodites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sequential hermaphrodites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sequential_hermaphrodites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simultaneous_hermaphrodites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simultaneous_hermaphrodites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Simultaneous hermaphrodites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simultaneous_hermaphrodites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pseudohermaphroditism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pseudohermaphroditism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Pseudohermaphroditism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pseudohermaphroditism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Plants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Plants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monoecy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monoecy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Monoecy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monoecy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andromonoecy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andromonoecy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Andromonoecy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andromonoecy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gynomonoecy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gynomonoecy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Gynomonoecy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gynomonoecy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_regarding_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_regarding_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Use regarding humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_regarding_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Evolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>In animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>In plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hermaphrodite</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodiet" title="Hermafrodiet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hermafrodiet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%AB%D9%89" title="خنثى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خنثى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermofroditizm" title="Hermofroditizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hermofroditizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancir" title="Bancir – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bancir" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodit" title="Hermafrodit – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hermafrodit" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divreizhadezh" title="Divreizhadezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Divreizhadezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodita" title="Hermafrodita – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hermafrodita" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodit" title="Hermafrodit – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hermafrodit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deurywiad" title="Deurywiad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Deurywiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodit" title="Hermafrodit – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hermafrodit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodiit" title="Hermafrodiit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hermafrodiit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%86%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ερμαφρόδιτος οργανισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ερμαφρόδιτος οργανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodita" title="Hermafrodita – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hermafrodita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodito_(vivoscienco)" title="Hermafrodito (vivoscienco) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hermafrodito (vivoscienco)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodita" title="Hermafrodita – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hermafrodita" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87" title="نرماده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نرماده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme_hermaphrodite" title="Organisme hermaphrodite – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisme hermaphrodite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearmafraid%C3%ADteach" title="Hearmafraidíteach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hearmafraidíteach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9B%85%EB%8F%99%EC%B2%B4" title="자웅동체 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자웅동체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%86%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Հերմաֆրոդիտիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հերմաֆրոդիտիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80" title="उभयलिंगी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उभयलिंगी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8k%E1%BA%B9l%E1%BA%B9kb%E1%BB%8D" title="Ẹkẹlẹkbọ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ẹkẹlẹkbọ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodit" title="Hermafrodit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hermafrodit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tv%C3%ADkynjungur" title="Tvíkynjungur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tvíkynjungur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%98" title="הרמאפרודיט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרמאפרודיט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntha" title="Huntha – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Huntha" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88mafwodit" title="Èmafwodit – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Èmafwodit" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermaphrodita" title="Hermaphrodita – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hermaphrodita" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrod%C4%ABts" title="Hermafrodīts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hermafrodīts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwitter" title="Zwitter – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zwitter" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafroditas" title="Hermafroditas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hermafroditas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Хермафродит – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хермафродит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80" title="द्विलिंगी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="द्विलिंगी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khunsa" title="Khunsa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Khunsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweeslachtigheid" title="Tweeslachtigheid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tweeslachtigheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80" title="उभयलिङ्गी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उभयलिङ्गी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%8C%E9%9B%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93" title="雌雄同体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="雌雄同体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafroditt" title="Hermafroditt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hermafroditt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%9A%DA%81%DA%A9_(%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%89%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BC)" title="نرښځک (هرمافروډایټ) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نرښځک (هرمافروډایټ)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodytyzm" title="Hermafrodytyzm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hermafrodytyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodita" title="Hermafrodita – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hermafrodita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hermaphrodite" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodit" title="Hermafrodit – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hermafrodit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodit" title="Hermafrodit – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hermafrodit" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Хермафродит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хермафродит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodit" title="Hermafrodit – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hermafrodit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodiitti" title="Hermafrodiitti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hermafrodiitti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafrodit" title="Hermafrodit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hermafrodit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hermaphrodite" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="இருபாலுயிரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இருபாலுயிரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrawtem" title="Abrawtem – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Abrawtem" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="กะเทย (ชีววิทยา) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กะเทย (ชีววิทยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гермофродит – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гермофродит" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermafroditlik" title="Hermafroditlik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hermafroditlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гермафродит – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гермафродит" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sexually reproducing organism that produces both male and female gametes</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hermaphrodite (disambiguation)">Hermaphrodite (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex people</a> or <a href="/wiki/Intersex_(biology)" title="Intersex (biology)">Intersex (biology)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snails_mating.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Snails_mating.jpg/300px-Snails_mating.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Snails_mating.jpg/450px-Snails_mating.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Snails_mating.jpg/600px-Snails_mating.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cornu_aspersum" title="Cornu aspersum">Garden snails</a> mating</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>hermaphrodite</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">sexually reproducing</a> <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organism</a> that produces both <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">male</a> and <a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">female</a> <a href="/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete">gametes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Avise-2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avise-2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Animal species in which individuals are either male or female are <a href="/wiki/Gonochorism" title="Gonochorism">gonochoric</a>, which is the opposite of hermaphroditic.<sup id="cite_ref-Holub-2020_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holub-2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The individuals of many <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> groups of <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a>, primarily invertebrates, are hermaphrodites, capable of producing viable gametes of both <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sexes</a>. In the great majority of <a href="/wiki/Tunicata" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunicata">tunicates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mollusk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusk">mollusks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Earthworm" title="Earthworm">earthworms</a>, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which either partner can act as the female or male. Hermaphroditism is <a href="/wiki/Fish_reproduction#Hermaphroditism" title="Fish reproduction">also found in some fish species</a>, but is rare in other <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrate</a> groups. Most hermaphroditic species exhibit some degree of self-fertilization. The distribution of self-fertilization rates among animals is similar to that of plants, suggesting that similar pressures are operating to direct the evolution of <a href="/wiki/Selfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Selfing">selfing</a> in animals and plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarne-2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarne-2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A rough estimate of the number of hermaphroditic animal species is 65,000, about 5% of all animal species, or 33% excluding insects. Insects are almost exclusively gonochoric, and no definitive cases of hermaphroditism have been demonstrated in this group.<sup id="cite_ref-Royer-1975_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royer-1975-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are no known hermaphroditic species among <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gorshkov-2012_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorshkov-2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schärer-2017a_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schärer-2017a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 94% of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plant</a> species are either hermaphroditic (all flowers produce both male and female gametes) or <a href="/wiki/Monoecy" title="Monoecy">monoecious</a>, where both male and female flowers occur on the same plant. There are also <a href="/wiki/Sexual_system#Types_of_sexual_systems" title="Sexual system">mixed breeding systems</a>, in both plants and animals, where hermaphrodite individuals coexist with males (called <a href="/wiki/Androdioecy" title="Androdioecy">androdioecy</a>) or with females (called <a href="/wiki/Gynodioecy" title="Gynodioecy">gynodioecy</a>), or all three exist in the same species (called <a href="/wiki/Trioecy" title="Trioecy">trioecy</a>). Sometimes, both male and hermaphrodite flowers occur on the same plant (<a href="/wiki/Andromonoecious" class="mw-redirect" title="Andromonoecious">andromonoecy</a>) or both female and hermaphrodite flowers occur on the same plant (<a href="/wiki/Gynomonoecious" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynomonoecious">gynomonoecy</a>). </p><p>Hermaphrodism is not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ovotesticular_syndrome" title="Ovotesticular syndrome">ovotesticular syndrome</a> in mammals, which is a separate and unrelated phenomenon. While people with the condition were previously called "<i>true hermaphrodites"</i> in medical literature, this usage is now considered to be outdated as of 2006 and misleading,<sup id="cite_ref-Herndon-2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herndon-2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IntersexSoc_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IntersexSoc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as people with ovotesticular syndrome do not have functional sets of both male and female organs.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenfield-2018_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenfield-2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mills-2018_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mills-2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term hermaphrodite derives from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">hermaphroditus</i>, from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ἑρμαφρόδιτος</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hermaphroditos</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-LatinLexicon_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatinLexicon-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which derives from <a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a> (Ἑρμαφρόδιτος), the son of <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, he fused with the <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymph</a> <a href="/wiki/Salmacis" title="Salmacis">Salmacis</a> resulting in one individual possessing physical traits of male and female sexes.<sup id="cite_ref-Ovid_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ovid-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the earlier <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, he was born with a physical body combining male and female sexes.<sup id="cite_ref-Diodorus_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diodorus-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>hermaphrodite</i> entered the <a href="/wiki/English_lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="English lexicon">English lexicon</a> as early as the late fourteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-OnlineEtymologyDictionary_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OnlineEtymologyDictionary-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animals">Animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sequential_hermaphrodites">Sequential hermaphrodites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sequential hermaphrodites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sequential_hermaphroditism" title="Sequential hermaphroditism">Sequential hermaphroditism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crepidula_fornicata.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Crepidula_fornicata.JPG/220px-Crepidula_fornicata.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Crepidula_fornicata.JPG/330px-Crepidula_fornicata.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Crepidula_fornicata.JPG/440px-Crepidula_fornicata.JPG 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>Shells of <i><a href="/wiki/Crepidula_fornicata" title="Crepidula fornicata">Crepidula fornicata</a></i> (common slipper shell)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ocellaris_clownfish.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ocellaris_clownfish.JPG/220px-Ocellaris_clownfish.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ocellaris_clownfish.JPG/330px-Ocellaris_clownfish.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ocellaris_clownfish.JPG/440px-Ocellaris_clownfish.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clownfish" title="Clownfish">Clownfish</a> are initially male; the largest fish in a group becomes a female.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parrotfish_Timor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Parrotfish_Timor.jpg/220px-Parrotfish_Timor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Parrotfish_Timor.jpg/330px-Parrotfish_Timor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Parrotfish_Timor.jpg/440px-Parrotfish_Timor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Most species of <a href="/wiki/Parrotfish" title="Parrotfish">parrotfish</a> start life as females and later change into males.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sequential hermaphrodites (<a href="/wiki/Dichogamy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dichogamy">dichogamy</a>) occur in <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> in which the individual first develops as one sex, but can later change into the opposite sex.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrows-2001_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrows-2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Definitions differ on whether sequential hermaphroditism encompasses serial hermaphroditism; for authors who exclude serial hermaphroditism, a sequential hermaphrodite is also stipulated to only change sex once.<sup id="cite_ref-Pandian-2011_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandian-2011-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) This contrasts with simultaneous hermaphrodites, in which an individual possesses fully functional male and female genitalia. Sequential hermaphroditism is common in fish (particularly <a href="/wiki/Teleost" title="Teleost">teleost</a> fish) and many <a href="/wiki/Gastropods" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastropods">gastropods</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/Common_slipper_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Common slipper shell">common slipper shell</a>). Sequential hermaphroditism can best be understood in terms of <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_ecology" title="Behavioral ecology">behavioral ecology</a> and evolutionary <a href="/wiki/Life_history_theory" title="Life history theory">life history theory</a>, as described in the size-advantage mode<sup id="cite_ref-Warner-1988_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warner-1988-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first proposed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_T._Ghiselin" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael T. Ghiselin">Michael T. Ghiselin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ghiselin-1969_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghiselin-1969-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which states that if an individual of a certain sex could significantly increase its reproductive success after reaching a certain size, it would be to their advantage to switch to that sex. </p><p>Sequential hermaphrodites can be divided into three broad categories: </p> <ul><li><b>Protandry</b>: Where an organism develops as a male, and then changes sex to a female.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrows-2001_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrows-2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Example: The <a href="/wiki/Clownfish" title="Clownfish">clownfish</a> (genus <i><a href="/wiki/Amphiprion" title="Amphiprion">Amphiprion</a></i>) are colorful reef fish found living in <a href="/wiki/Symbiosis" title="Symbiosis">symbiosis</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sea_anemone" title="Sea anemone">sea anemones</a>. Generally one anemone contains a 'harem', consisting of a large female, a smaller reproductive male, and even smaller non-reproductive males. If the female is removed, the reproductive male will change sex and the largest of the non-reproductive males will mature and become reproductive. It has been shown that fishing pressure can change when the switch from male to female occurs, since fishermen usually prefer to catch the larger fish. The populations are generally changing sex at a smaller size, due to <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Protogyny</b>: Where the organism develops as a female, and then changes sex to a male.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrows-2001_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrows-2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Example: <a href="/wiki/Wrasse" title="Wrasse">Wrasses</a> (Family <a href="/wiki/Labridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Labridae">Labridae</a>) are a group of reef fish in which protogyny is common. Wrasses also have an uncommon life history strategy, which is termed diandry (literally, two males). In these species, two male morphs exists: an initial phase male and a terminal phase male. Initial phase males do not look like males and spawn in groups with females. They are not territorial. They are, perhaps, female mimics (which is why they are found swimming in group with females). Terminal phase males are territorial and have a distinctively bright coloration.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individuals are born as males or females, but if they are born males, they are not born as terminal phase males. Females and initial phase males can become terminal phase males. Usually, the most dominant female or initial phase male replaces any terminal phase male when those males die or abandon the group.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Bidirectional sex changers</b>: Where an organism has female and male reproductive organs, but may act either as a female or as a male during different stages in life.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrows-2001_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrows-2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Example: <i><a href="/wiki/Lythrypnus_dalli" title="Lythrypnus dalli">Lythrypnus dalli</a></i> (Family <a href="/wiki/Lythrypnus" title="Lythrypnus">Lythrypnus</a>) are a group of <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef_fish" title="Coral reef fish">coral reef fish</a> in which bidirectional sex change occurs. Once a social hierarchy is established a fish changes sex according to its social status, regardless of the initial sex, based on a simple principle: if the fish expresses subordinate behavior then it changes its sex to female, and if the fish expresses dominant or non-dominant superior behavior then it changes its sex to male.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodgers-2007_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodgers-2007-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Dichogamy can have both conservation-related implications for humans, as mentioned above, as well as economic implications. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Grouper" title="Grouper">groupers</a> are favoured fish for eating in many Asian countries and are often <a href="/wiki/Aquacultured" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquacultured">aquacultured</a>. Since the adults take several years to change from female to male, the <a href="/wiki/Broodstock" title="Broodstock">broodstock</a> are extremely valuable individuals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simultaneous_hermaphrodites">Simultaneous hermaphrodites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Simultaneous hermaphrodites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mating_Pseudobiceros_bedfordi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mating_Pseudobiceros_bedfordi.png/220px-Mating_Pseudobiceros_bedfordi.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mating_Pseudobiceros_bedfordi.png/330px-Mating_Pseudobiceros_bedfordi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mating_Pseudobiceros_bedfordi.png/440px-Mating_Pseudobiceros_bedfordi.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Turbellaria" title="Turbellaria">Turbellarians</a> mating by <a href="/wiki/Penis_fencing" title="Penis fencing">penis fencing</a>. Each has two penises on the undersides of their heads which they use to inject sperm.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mating_earthworms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mating_earthworms.jpg/220px-Mating_earthworms.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mating_earthworms.jpg/330px-Mating_earthworms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mating_earthworms.jpg/440px-Mating_earthworms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Earthworm" title="Earthworm">Earthworms</a> are simultaneous hermaphrodites, having both male and female reproductive organs.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_hermaphroditism" title="Simultaneous hermaphroditism">Simultaneous hermaphrodites</a> (or homogamous hermaphrodites) are individuals in which both male and female sexual organs are present and functional at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrows-2001_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrows-2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Self-fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-fertilization">Self-fertilization</a> often occurs.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenfield-2018_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenfield-2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonate">Pulmonate</a> <a href="/wiki/Land_snail" title="Land snail">land snails</a> and land <a href="/wiki/Slug" title="Slug">slugs</a> are perhaps the best-known kinds of simultaneous hermaphrodites, and are the most widespread of terrestrial animals possessing this sexual polymorphism. Sexual material is exchanged between both animals via <a href="/wiki/Spermatophore" title="Spermatophore">spermatophores</a>, and is then stored in the <a href="/wiki/Spermatheca" title="Spermatheca">spermatheca</a>. After exchange of <a href="/wiki/Spermatozoon" title="Spermatozoon">spermatozoa</a>, both animals will lay fertilized eggs after a period of gestation. The eggs will proceed to hatch after a development period. Snails typically reproduce from early spring through late autumn.<sup id="cite_ref-Janssen-2015_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janssen-2015-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_slug" title="Banana slug">Banana slugs</a> are an example of a hermaphroditic gastropod. Mating with a partner is more desirable biologically than self-fertilization, as the genetic material of the resultant offspring is varied, but if mating with a partner is not possible, self-fertilization is practiced. The male sexual organ of an adult banana slug is quite large in proportion to its size, as well as compared to the female organ. It is possible for banana slugs, while mating, to become stuck together. If a substantial amount of wiggling fails to separate them, the male organ will be bitten off (using the slug's <a href="/wiki/Radula" title="Radula">radula</a>), see <a href="/wiki/Apophallation" title="Apophallation">apophallation</a>. If a banana slug has lost its male sexual organ, it can still mate as a female, making hermaphroditism a valuable adaptation.<sup id="cite_ref-Leonard-2002_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonard-2002-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The species of colourful <a href="/wiki/Sea_slugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea slugs">sea slugs</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Goniobranchus_reticulatus" title="Goniobranchus reticulatus">Goniobranchus reticulatus</a></i> is hermaphroditic, with both male and female organs active at the same time during copulation. After mating, the external portion of the penis detaches, but is able to regrow within 24 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Morelle_R-2013_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morelle_R-2013-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthworm" title="Earthworm">Earthworms</a> are another example of a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Although they possess ovaries and testes, they have a protective mechanism against self-fertilization. Sexual reproduction occurs when two worms meet and exchange <a href="/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete">gametes</a>, copulating on damp nights during warm seasons.</li> <li>The free-living hermaphroditic nematode <i><a href="/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans" title="Caenorhabditis elegans">Caenorhabditis elegans</a></i> reproduces primarily by self-fertilization, but infrequent out-crossing events occur at a rate of approximately 1%.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrière-2005_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrière-2005-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(fish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamlet (fish)">Hamlets</a> do not practice self-fertilization, but a pair will mate multiple times over several nights, taking turns between which one acts as the male and which acts as the female.<sup id="cite_ref-Russell-2016_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russell-2016-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (June 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The mangrove killifish (<i><a href="/wiki/Mangrove_rivulus" title="Mangrove rivulus">Kryptolebias marmoratus</a></i>) are simultaneous hermaphrodites, producing both eggs and sperm and routinely reproducing by self-fertilization. Each individual normally fertilizes itself when an egg and sperm produced by an internal organ unite inside the fish's body.<sup id="cite_ref-Sakakura-2006_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakakura-2006-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This species is also regarded as the only known vertebrate species that can reproduce by <a href="/wiki/Autogamy" title="Autogamy">self fertilization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kanamori-2006_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanamori-2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pseudohermaphroditism">Pseudohermaphroditism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pseudohermaphroditism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pseudohermaphroditism" title="Pseudohermaphroditism">Pseudohermaphroditism</a></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">spotted hyenas</a> were first scientifically observed by explorers, they were thought to be hermaphrodites. Early observations of wild spotted hyenas led researchers to believe that all spotted hyenas, male or female, were born with what looked to be a penis. A <a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena#Female_genitalia" title="Spotted hyena">female spotted hyena's apparent penis</a> is in fact an enlarged clitoris, which contains an external birth canal.<sup id="cite_ref-LiveScience-2006_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiveScience-2006-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EurekAlert!_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EurekAlert!-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be difficult to determine the sex of spotted hyenas until <a href="/wiki/Sexual_maturity" title="Sexual maturity">sexual maturity</a>, when they may become pregnant. When a female spotted hyena gives birth, she passes the cub through the cervix internally, but then passes it out through the elongated clitoris.<sup id="cite_ref-bella_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bella-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plants">Plants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction_in_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual reproduction in plants">Sexual reproduction in plants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plant_reproductive_morphology#Bisexual" title="Plant reproductive morphology">Plant reproductive morphology § Bisexual</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monoicy" title="Monoicy">Monoicy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hylocereus_undatus_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a flower with a large orange centre and delicate yellow stigma protruding. The centre is surrounded by white petals and a halo of green and yellow spikes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hylocereus_undatus_1.jpg/220px-Hylocereus_undatus_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hylocereus_undatus_1.jpg/330px-Hylocereus_undatus_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hylocereus_undatus_1.jpg/440px-Hylocereus_undatus_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Hylocereus_undatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hylocereus undatus">Hylocereus undatus</a></i>, a hermaphrodite plant with perfect flowers that have both functional <a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">carpels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">stamens</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <b>hermaphrodite</b> is used in <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a> to describe, for example, a <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms#perfect" title="Glossary of botanical terms">perfect</a> <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flower</a> that has both <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">staminate</a> (male, pollen-producing) and <a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">carpellate</a> (female, ovule-producing) parts. The overwhelming majority of flowering plant species are hermaphroditic.<sup id="cite_ref-Soni-2010_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soni-2010-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monoecy">Monoecy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Monoecy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flowering plant species with separate, imperfect, male and female flowers on the same individual are called <a href="/wiki/Monoecious_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoecious (botany)">monoecious</a>. Monoecy only occurs in about 7% of flowering plant species.<sup id="cite_ref-Molnar-2004_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Molnar-2004-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monoecious plants are often referred to as hermaphroditic because they produce both male and female gametes. However, the individual flowers are not hermaphroditic if they only produce gametes of one sex.<sup id="cite_ref-Glover-2014_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glover-2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 65% of <a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">gymnosperm</a> species are dioecious, but <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">conifers</a> are almost all monoecious.<sup id="cite_ref-Walas-2018_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walas-2018-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some plants can change their sex throughout their lifetime, a phenomenon called <a href="/wiki/Sequential_hermaphroditism" title="Sequential hermaphroditism">sequential hermaphroditism</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andromonoecy">Andromonoecy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Andromonoecy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Andromonoecy" title="Andromonoecy">andromonoecious</a> species, the plants produce <a href="/wiki/Plant_reproductive_morphology#perfect" title="Plant reproductive morphology">perfect</a> (hermaphrodite) flowers and separate fertile male flowers that are sterile as female.<sup id="cite_ref-Fusco-2019_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusco-2019-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kouonon-2009_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kouonon-2009-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andromonoecy occurs in about 4000 species of flowering plants (2% of flowering plants).<sup id="cite_ref-Vallejo-Marín-2007_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vallejo-Marín-2007-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gynomonoecy">Gynomonoecy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gynomonoecy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Gynomonoecy" title="Gynomonoecy">gynomonoecious</a> species, the plants produce hermaphrodite flowers and separate male-sterile pistillate flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-Fusco-2019_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusco-2019-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One example is the meadow saxifrage, <i><a href="/wiki/Saxifraga_granulata" title="Saxifraga granulata">Saxifraga granulata</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens-1985_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-1985-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles Darwin gave several other examples in his 1877 book "The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species".<sup id="cite_ref-Darwin-1877_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darwin-1877-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 57% of moss species and 68% of liverworts are <a href="/wiki/Dioicy" title="Dioicy">unisexual</a>, meaning that their gametophytes produce either male or female gametes, but not both.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw-2000_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-2000-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 377">: 377 </span></sup> </p><p>Sequential hermaphroditism is common in <a href="/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">bryophytes</a> and some vascular plants.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_regarding_humans">Use regarding humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Use regarding humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a> topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Intersex flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg/180px-Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg/270px-Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg/360px-Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Human rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">legal issues</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights_reports" title="Intersex human rights reports">reports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">Legal recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_declaration_(International_Intersex_Forum)" title="Malta declaration (International Intersex Forum)">Malta declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Medical interventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Sex assignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_characteristics_(legal_term)" title="Sex characteristics (legal term)">Sex characteristics (legal term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Intersex_and_medicine" title="Category:Intersex and medicine">Medicine</a> and biology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disorders_of_sex_development" title="Disorders of sex development">Disorders of sex development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_diagnosis_of_intersex" title="Genetic diagnosis of intersex">Genetic diagnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_intersex" title="Definitions of intersex">Definitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_healthcare" title="Intersex healthcare">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Medical interventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_intersex_surgery" title="History of intersex surgery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchidometer" title="Orchidometer">Orchidometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phall-O-Meter" title="Phall-O-Meter">Phall-O-Meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prader_scale" title="Prader scale">Prader scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quigley_scale" title="Quigley scale">Quigley scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation" title="Sexual differentiation">Sexual differentiation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Intersex_and_medicine" title="Category:Intersex and medicine">more...</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Society and culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endosex" title="Endosex">Endosex</a> (antonym)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_civil_society_organizations" title="Intersex civil society organizations">Civil society organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_characters_in_fiction" title="Intersex characters in fiction">Fictional characters‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_representation_in_film" title="Intersex representation in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_flag" title="Intersex flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_and_LGBT" title="Intersex and LGBT">Intersex and LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_about_intersex" title="Literature about intersex">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intersex_people" title="List of intersex people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_religion" title="Intersex people and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service" title="Intersex people and military service">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_researchers_on_intersex" title="List of researchers on intersex">Researchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_verification_in_sports" title="Sex verification in sports">Sex verification in sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_verification_and_intersex_athletes_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Sex verification and intersex athletes at the Olympic Games">at the Olympic Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_representation_in_television" title="Intersex representation in television">Television</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_in_history" title="Intersex people in history">History</a> and events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_in_history" title="Intersex people in history">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_intersex_surgery" title="History of intersex surgery">of surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_intersex_history" title="Timeline of intersex history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_Awareness_Day" title="Intersex Awareness Day">Intersex Awareness Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Intersex Day of Remembrance">Intersex Day of Remembrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Intersex_Forum" title="International Intersex Forum">International Intersex Forum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights#Intersex_rights_by_jurisdiction" title="Intersex human rights">Rights by country</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Argentina" title="Intersex rights in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Australia" title="Intersex rights in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Canada" title="Intersex rights in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Chile" title="Intersex rights in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_China" title="Intersex rights in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Colombia" title="Intersex rights in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_France" title="Intersex rights in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Germany" title="Intersex rights in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Kenya" title="Intersex rights in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Malta" title="Intersex rights in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Mexico" title="Intersex rights in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Nepal" title="Intersex rights in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_South_Africa" title="Intersex rights in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Spain" title="Intersex rights in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Intersex rights in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Taiwan" title="Intersex rights in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Uganda" title="Intersex rights in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Intersex rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hermaphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights" title="Children's rights">Children's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny" title="Androgyny">Androgyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genderqueer" class="mw-redirect" title="Genderqueer">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">Non-binary recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_theory" title="Queer theory">Queer theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">Medical ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_humans" title="Sex differences in humans">Sex differences</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Intersex_sidebar" title="Template:Intersex sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Intersex_sidebar" title="Template talk:Intersex sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Intersex_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Intersex sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Disorders_of_sex_development" title="Disorders of sex development">Disorders of sex development</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermaphroditus_lady_lever.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Hermaphroditus_lady_lever.jpg/170px-Hermaphroditus_lady_lever.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Hermaphroditus_lady_lever.jpg/255px-Hermaphroditus_lady_lever.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Hermaphroditus_lady_lever.jpg/340px-Hermaphroditus_lady_lever.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="2726" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a>, the "son" of the Greek god <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> and the goddess <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a>, origin of the word "hermaphrodite"</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fertilityobandojf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Fertilityobandojf.JPG/220px-Fertilityobandojf.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Fertilityobandojf.JPG/330px-Fertilityobandojf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Fertilityobandojf.JPG/440px-Fertilityobandojf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Obando_Fertility_Rites" title="Obando Fertility Rites">Obando Fertility Rites</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, before becoming a Catholic festival, was initially an <a href="/wiki/Philippine_mythology" title="Philippine mythology">Anitist ritual</a> dedicated to the hermaphrodite deity, Lakapati, who presided over fertility.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nadar_-_%22Hermaphrodite%22_(Seventh_Gallica_image).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nadar_-_%22Hermaphrodite%22_%28Seventh_Gallica_image%29.jpg/170px-Nadar_-_%22Hermaphrodite%22_%28Seventh_Gallica_image%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nadar_-_%22Hermaphrodite%22_%28Seventh_Gallica_image%29.jpg/255px-Nadar_-_%22Hermaphrodite%22_%28Seventh_Gallica_image%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nadar_-_%22Hermaphrodite%22_%28Seventh_Gallica_image%29.jpg/340px-Nadar_-_%22Hermaphrodite%22_%28Seventh_Gallica_image%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2758" data-file-height="3550" /></a><figcaption>1860 photograph by <a href="/wiki/Nadar_(photographer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadar (photographer)">Nadar</a> of a person displaying ambiguous genitalia, one of a <a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite_(Nadar)" title="Hermaphrodite (Nadar)">nine-part series</a>. The series may be the earliest medical photographic documentation of an intersex person.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 358">: 358 </span></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, the term hermaphrodite was used in law to refer to people whose sex was in doubt. The 12th-century <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a></i></span> states that "Whether an hermaphrodite may witness a testament, depends on which sex prevails" ("Hermafroditus an ad testamentum adhiberi possit, qualitas sexus incalescentis ostendit.").<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alexander_ab_Alexandro" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander ab Alexandro">Alexander ab Alexandro</a> (1461–1523) stated, using the term <i>hermaphrodite,</i> that the people who bore the sexes of both man and woman were regarded by the Athenians and the Romans as monsters, and thrown into the sea at Athens and into the Tiber at Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-de_Jaucourt-1765_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de_Jaucourt-1765-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the 17th-century English jurist and judge <a href="/wiki/Edward_Coke" title="Edward Coke">Edward Coke</a> (Lord Coke), wrote in his <i><a href="/wiki/Institutes_of_the_Lawes_of_England" title="Institutes of the Lawes of England">Institutes of the Lawes of England</a></i> on laws of succession stating, "Every heire is either a male, a female, or an hermaphrodite, that is both male and female. And an hermaphrodite (which is also called <i>Androgynus</i>) shall be heire, either as male or female, according to that kind of sexe which doth prevaile."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>, medical authors attempted to ascertain whether or not humans could be hermaphrodites, adopting a precise biological definition to the term.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From that period until the early 21st century, individuals with <a href="/wiki/Ovotesticular_syndrome" title="Ovotesticular syndrome">ovotesticular syndrome</a> were termed <a href="/wiki/True_hermaphroditism" class="mw-redirect" title="True hermaphroditism"><i>true hermaphrodites</i></a> if their <a href="/wiki/Gonad" title="Gonad">gonadal</a> tissue contained both testicular and ovarian tissue, and <a href="/wiki/Pseudohermaphroditism" title="Pseudohermaphroditism"><i>pseudohermaphrodites</i></a> if their external appearance (<a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotype</a>) differed from sex expected from internal gonads. This language has fallen out of favor due to misconceptions and stigma associated with the terms,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IntersexSoc_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IntersexSoc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mills-2018_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mills-2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also a shift to nomenclature based on genetics. </p><p>The term "intersex" described a wide variety of combinations of what are ambiguous biological characteristics. Intersex biology may include, for example, ambiguous-looking external genitalia, <a href="/wiki/Karyotype" title="Karyotype">karyotypes</a> that include mixed XX and XY chromosome pairs (46XX/46XY, 46XX/47XXY or 45X/XY <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(genetics)" title="Mosaic (genetics)">mosaic</a>). Clinically, medicine currently uses the terminology "<a href="/wiki/Disorders_of_sex_development" title="Disorders of sex development">disorders of sex development</a>" <sup id="cite_ref-Georgiann-2011_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Georgiann-2011-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Variations_in_sex_characteristics" class="mw-redirect" title="Variations in sex characteristics">variations in sex characteristics</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is particularly significant because of the relationship between medical terminology and medical intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-Black-2017_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black-2017-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Intersex_civil_society_organizations" title="Intersex civil society organizations">Intersex civil society organizations</a>, and many human rights institutions,<sup id="cite_ref-IACHR-2016_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IACHR-2016-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Commissioner_for_Human_Rights-2015_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commissioner_for_Human_Rights-2015-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have criticized <a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex medical intervention">medical interventions</a> designed to make bodies more typically male or female. </p><p>In some cases, variations in sex characteristics are caused by unusual levels of sex hormones, which may be the result of an atypical set of sex chromosomes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (July 2023)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> One common cause of variations in sex characteristics traits is the crossing over of the <a href="/wiki/Testis-determining_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Testis-determining factor">testis-determining factor</a> (SRY) from the Y chromosome to the X chromosome during <a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis</a>. The SRY is then activated in only certain areas, causing development of <a href="/wiki/Testes" class="mw-redirect" title="Testes">testes</a> in some areas by beginning a series of events starting with the upregulation of the <a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">transcription factor</a> (SOX9), and in other areas not being active (causing the growth of <a href="/wiki/Ovarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovarian">ovarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">tissues</a>). Thus, <a href="/wiki/Testicular" class="mw-redirect" title="Testicular">testicular</a> and ovarian tissues will both be present in the same individual.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of all total recorded cases of ovotesticular DSD, in only 8% percent of all cases was SRY present, leaving the rest of cases that could be explained to other or less common causes, with the vast majority simply being currently unexplainable. </p><p>Fetuses were previously thought to be phenotypically female before the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation" title="Sexual differentiation">sexual differentiation</a> stage;<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, this is now known to be incorrect, as humans are simply undifferentiated before this stage and possess a <a href="/wiki/Paramesonephric_duct" title="Paramesonephric duct">paramesonephric duct</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mesonephric_duct" title="Mesonephric duct">mesonephric duct</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Genital_tubercle" title="Genital tubercle">genital tubercle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rey-2020_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rey-2020-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hughes-2001_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes-2001-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction" title="Evolution of sexual reproduction">Evolution of sexual reproduction</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For evolution of sexual systems with hermaphodites, see <a href="/wiki/Trioecy#Evolution_of_trioecy" title="Trioecy">Trioecy § Evolution of trioecy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Androdioecy#Evolution_of_androdioecy" title="Androdioecy">Androdioecy § Evolution of androdioecy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gynodioecy#Evolution" title="Gynodioecy">Gynodioecy § Evolution</a>.</div><p>The evolution of <a href="/wiki/Anisogamy" title="Anisogamy">anisogamy</a> may have contributed to the evolution of simultaneous hermaphroditism and sequential hermaphroditism,<sup id="cite_ref-Schärer-2017b_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schärer-2017b-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it remains unclear if the evolution of anisogamy first led to hermaphroditism or <a href="/wiki/Gonochorism" title="Gonochorism">gonochorism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kliman-2016_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kliman-2016-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 213">: 213 </span></sup> </p><p>A 2023 study argued that hermaphroditism can evolve directly from <a href="/wiki/Mating_type" title="Mating type">mating types</a> under certain circumstances, such as if the fertilization is well organized and the average size of groups is small.<sup id="cite_ref-Henshaw-2023_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henshaw-2023-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simultaneous hermaphroditism that exclusively reproduces through self-fertilization has evolved many times in plants and animals, but it might not last long evolutionarily.<sup id="cite_ref-Leonard-2019_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonard-2019-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 14">: 14 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_animals">In animals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Joan_Roughgarden" title="Joan Roughgarden">Joan Roughgarden</a> and Priya Iyer argued that the last <a href="/wiki/Common_ancestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Common ancestor">common ancestor</a> for animals was hermaphroditic and that transitions from hermaphroditism to gonochorism were more numerous than the reverse. Other scientists have criticized this argument; saying it’s based on <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> <a href="/wiki/Spiralia" title="Spiralia">Spiralia</a>, assignments of sexual modes for the <a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">phylum</a> level than the species level, and methods exclusively based on <a href="/wiki/Maximum_parsimony_(phylogenetics)" title="Maximum parsimony (phylogenetics)">maximum parsimony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sasson-2017_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sasson-2017-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hermaphroditism is <a href="/wiki/Polyphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphyletic">polyphyletic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a> where it <a href="/wiki/Gonochorism#Evolution" title="Gonochorism">evolved from gonochorism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Avise-2011_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avise-2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 97">: 97 </span></sup> and gonochorism is also ancestral to hermaphroditic fishes.<sup id="cite_ref-Erisman-2013_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erisman-2013-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Nelson_%C3%87abej" title="Nelson Çabej">Nelson Çabej</a> simultaneous hermaphroditism in animals most likely evolved due to a limited number of mating partners.<sup id="cite_ref-Cabej-2013_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabej-2013-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_plants">In plants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Monoecy#Evolution" title="Monoecy">Monoecy § Evolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andromonoecy#Evolution" title="Andromonoecy">Andromonoecy § Evolution</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gynomonoecy#Evolution" title="Gynomonoecy">Gynomonoecy § Evolution</a></div> <p>It is widely accepted that the first <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plants</a> were outcrossing hermaphrodites.<sup id="cite_ref-Orton-2019_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orton-2019-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In flowering plants, hermaphroditism is ancestral to dioecy.<sup id="cite_ref-Núñez-Farfán-2020_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Núñez-Farfán-2020-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hermaphroditism in plants may promote self fertilization in pioneer populations.<sup id="cite_ref-Burns-2019_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burns-2019-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, plants have evolved multiple different mechanisms to avoid self-fertilization in hermaphrodites, including <a href="/wiki/Sequential_hermaphroditism" title="Sequential hermaphroditism">sequential hermaphroditism</a>, molecular recognition systems and mechanical or morphological mechanisms such as <a href="/wiki/Heterostyly" title="Heterostyly">heterostyly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Judd-2002_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judd-2002-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 73, 74">: 73, 74 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asexual_reproduction" title="Asexual reproduction">Asexual reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trioecy" title="Trioecy">Trioecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny" title="Androgyny">Androgyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futanari" title="Futanari">Futanari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonochorism" title="Gonochorism">Gonochorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynandromorph" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynandromorph">Gynandromorph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-pollination" title="Self-pollination">Self-pollination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-fertilization">Self-fertilization</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Avise-2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Avise-2011_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Avise-2011_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAvise2011" class="citation book cs1">Avise JC (2011-03-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jqiR8C0lEckC&q=Sex+is+defined+by+gametes&pg=PA1"><i>Hermaphroditism: A Primer on the Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Dual Sexuality</i></a>. Columbia University Press. pp. 1–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-52715-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-52715-6"><bdi>978-0-231-52715-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hermaphroditism%3A+A+Primer+on+the+Biology%2C+Ecology%2C+and+Evolution+of+Dual+Sexuality&rft.pages=1-7&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.isbn=978-0-231-52715-6&rft.aulast=Avise&rft.aufirst=JC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjqiR8C0lEckC%26q%3DSex%2Bis%2Bdefined%2Bby%2Bgametes%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holub-2020-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holub-2020_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolubShackelford2020" class="citation book cs1">Holub AM, <a href="/wiki/Todd_K._Shackelford" title="Todd K. Shackelford">Shackelford TK</a> (2020). "Gonochorism". In Vonk J, Shackelford TK (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toddkshackelford.com/downloads/Holub-Shackelford-Gonochorism-EACB-2021.pdf"><i>Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-47829-6_305-1">10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_305-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-47829-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-47829-6"><bdi>978-3-319-47829-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240938739">240938739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gonochorism&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Animal+Cognition+and+Behavior&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=1-3&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A240938739%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-47829-6_305-1&rft.isbn=978-3-319-47829-6&rft.aulast=Holub&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.au=Shackelford%2C+TK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toddkshackelford.com%2Fdownloads%2FHolub-Shackelford-Gonochorism-EACB-2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarne-2006-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jarne-2006_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarneAuld2006" class="citation journal cs1">Jarne P, Auld JR (September 2006). "Animals mix it up too: the distribution of self-fertilization among hermaphroditic animals". <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>. <b>60</b> (9): 1816–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1554%2F06-246.1">10.1554/06-246.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17089966">17089966</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23849389">23849389</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution%3B+International+Journal+of+Organic+Evolution&rft.atitle=Animals+mix+it+up+too%3A+the+distribution+of+self-fertilization+among+hermaphroditic+animals&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1816-24&rft.date=2006-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23849389%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17089966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1554%2F06-246.1&rft.aulast=Jarne&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Auld%2C+JR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royer-1975-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Royer-1975_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyer1975" class="citation book cs1">Royer M (1975). "Hermaphroditism in Insects. Studies on Icerya purchasi". In Reinboth R (ed.). <i>Intersexuality in the Animal Kingdom</i>. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 135–145. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-66069-6_14">10.1007/978-3-642-66069-6_14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-66071-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-66071-9"><bdi>978-3-642-66071-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hermaphroditism+in+Insects.+Studies+on+Icerya+purchasi&rft.btitle=Intersexuality+in+the+Animal+Kingdom&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Heidelberg&rft.pages=135-145&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-642-66069-6_14&rft.isbn=978-3-642-66071-9&rft.aulast=Royer&rft.aufirst=M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gorshkov-2012-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gorshkov-2012_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorshkov2012" class="citation book cs1">Gorshkov V (2012-12-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xaO1BwAAQBAJ&q=No+cases+of+hermaphroditism+or+parthenogenesis+are+found+among+birds+and+mammals.&pg=PT165"><i>Physical and Biological Bases of Life Stability: Man, Biota, Environment</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-85001-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-85001-1"><bdi>978-3-642-85001-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physical+and+Biological+Bases+of+Life+Stability%3A+Man%2C+Biota%2C+Environment&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.isbn=978-3-642-85001-1&rft.aulast=Gorshkov&rft.aufirst=V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxaO1BwAAQBAJ%26q%3DNo%2Bcases%2Bof%2Bhermaphroditism%2Bor%2Bparthenogenesis%2Bare%2Bfound%2Bamong%2Bbirds%2Band%2Bmammals.%26pg%3DPT165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schärer-2017a-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schärer-2017a_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchärer2017" class="citation journal cs1">Schärer L (February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmrd.22775">"The varied ways of being male and female"</a>. <i>Molecular Reproduction and Development</i>. <b>84</b> (2): 94–104. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmrd.22775">10.1002/mrd.22775</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28032683">28032683</a>. <q>Of note, the otherwise well-studied insects, birds, and mammals are strikingly absent here—with not a single species among these groups showing hermaphroditism (for details on a supposedly hermaphroditic scale insect, however, see Gardner and Ross, 2011).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Reproduction+and+Development&rft.atitle=The+varied+ways+of+being+male+and+female&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=94-104&rft.date=2017-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fmrd.22775&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28032683&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%A4rer&rft.aufirst=L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fmrd.22775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herndon-2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herndon-2011_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerndon" class="citation web cs1">Herndon A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isna.org/node/979">"Getting Rid of "Hermaphroditism" Once and For All"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Intersex_Society_of_North_America" title="Intersex Society of North America">Intersex Society of North America</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927013509/http://www.isna.org/node/979">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Getting+Rid+of+%22Hermaphroditism%22+Once+and+For+All&rft.pub=Intersex+Society+of+North+America&rft.aulast=Herndon&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isna.org%2Fnode%2F979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IntersexSoc-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IntersexSoc_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IntersexSoc_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isna.org/faq/hermaphrodite/">"Is a person who is intersex a hermaphrodite?"</a>. <i>Intersex Society of North America</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-20</span></span>. <q>The mythological term "hermaphrodite" implies that a person is both fully male and fully female. This is a physiologic impossibility. The words "hermaphrodite" and "pseudo-hermaphrodite" are stigmatizing and misleading words.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Intersex+Society+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Is+a+person+who+is+intersex+a+hermaphrodite%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisna.org%2Ffaq%2Fhermaphrodite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosenfield-2018-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenfield-2018_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenfield-2018_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenfield2018" class="citation cs2">Rosenfield KA (2018), "Hermaphrodite", in Vonk J, Shackelford T (eds.), <i>Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior</i>, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–2, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-47829-6_329-1">10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_329-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-47829-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-47829-6"><bdi>978-3-319-47829-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hermaphrodite&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Animal+Cognition+and+Behavior&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-47829-6_329-1&rft.isbn=978-3-319-47829-6&rft.aulast=Rosenfield&rft.aufirst=KA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mills-2018-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mills-2018_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mills-2018_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills2018" class="citation book cs1">Mills A (2018-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bLhcDwAAQBAJ&q=term+hermaphrodite+misleading+biology+of+sex&pg=PA309"><i>Biology of Sex</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-9337-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-9337-7"><bdi>978-1-4875-9337-7</bdi></a>. <q>In the past, the term <i>hermaphrodite</i> was widely applied in such cases, but humans are not hermaphroditic. In a truly hermaphroditic species, individuals have functional sets of male and female organs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology+of+Sex&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4875-9337-7&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbLhcDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dterm%2Bhermaphrodite%2Bmisleading%2Bbiology%2Bof%2Bsex%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LatinLexicon-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LatinLexicon_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latinlexicon.org/definition.php?p1=2025388">"Definition of hermaphroditus"</a>. Numen: The Latin Lexicon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141106082854/http://latinlexicon.org/definition.php?p1=2025388">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+hermaphroditus&rft.pub=Numen%3A+The+Latin+Lexicon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatinlexicon.org%2Fdefinition.php%3Fp1%3D2025388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ovid-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ovid_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Metamorphoses/Book_IV#The_Story_of_Salmacis_and_Hermaphroditus" class="extiw" title="s:Metamorphoses/Book IV">Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book IV: The story of Hermaphroditus and Salmacis.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diodorus-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Diodorus_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Chapters 1–7". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4A*.html#6.5"><i>The Library of History of Diodorus Siculus</i></a>. Vol. IV. p. 361 – via penelope.uchicago.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapters+1%E2%80%937&rft.btitle=The+Library+of+History+of+Diodorus+Siculus&rft.pages=361&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FE%2FRoman%2FTexts%2FDiodorus_Siculus%2F4A%2A.html%236.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OnlineEtymologyDictionary-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OnlineEtymologyDictionary_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hermaphrodite">"Hermaphrodite"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105230942/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hermaphrodite">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Hermaphrodite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dhermaphrodite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barrows-2001-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barrows-2001_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barrows-2001_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barrows-2001_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barrows-2001_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barrows-2001_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrows2001" class="citation book cs1">Barrows EM (2001). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/animalbehaviorde00barr_955"><i>Animal behavior desk reference: a dictionary of animal behavior, ecology, and evolution</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/animalbehaviorde00barr_955/page/n329">317</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-2005-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-2005-7"><bdi>978-0-8493-2005-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/299866547">299866547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+behavior+desk+reference%3A+a+dictionary+of+animal+behavior%2C+ecology%2C+and+evolution&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Fla&rft.pages=317&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F299866547&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-2005-7&rft.aulast=Barrows&rft.aufirst=EM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanimalbehaviorde00barr_955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pandian-2011-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pandian-2011_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandian2011" class="citation book cs1">Pandian TJ (2 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eAjSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA164"><i>Sex Determination in Fish</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4398-7919-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4398-7919-1"><bdi>978-1-4398-7919-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107033127/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eAjSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA164">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2017 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sex+Determination+in+Fish&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2011-09-02&rft.isbn=978-1-4398-7919-1&rft.aulast=Pandian&rft.aufirst=TJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeAjSBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warner-1988-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warner-1988_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner1988" class="citation journal cs1">Warner RR (June 1988). "Sex change and the size-advantage model". <i>Trends in Ecology & Evolution</i>. <b>3</b> (6): 133–6. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988TEcoE...3..133W">1988TEcoE...3..133W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0169-5347%2888%2990176-0">10.1016/0169-5347(88)90176-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21227182">21227182</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.atitle=Sex+change+and+the+size-advantage+model&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=133-6&rft.date=1988-06&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21227182&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0169-5347%2888%2990176-0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988TEcoE...3..133W&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=RR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghiselin-1969-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ghiselin-1969_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhiselin1969" class="citation journal cs1">Ghiselin MT (June 1969). 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class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23817661">23817661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Integrative+and+Comparative+Biology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+perspectives+on+the+evolution+of+functional+hermaphroditism+in+teleost+fishes&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=736-54&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ficb%2Fict077&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23817661&rft.aulast=Erisman&rft.aufirst=BE&rft.au=Petersen%2C+CW&rft.au=Hastings%2C+PA&rft.au=Warner%2C+RR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Ficb%252Fict077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cabej-2013-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cabej-2013_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabej2013" class="citation book cs1">Cabej NR (2013-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=THz_-R8BSs0C&q=The+most+plausible+hypothesis+on+the+evolution+of+simultaneous+hermaphroditism+is+the+limited+availability+of+mating+partners.&pg=PA101"><i>Building the Most Complex Structure on Earth: An Epigenetic Narrative of Development and Evolution of Animals</i></a>. Newnes. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-401729-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-401729-0"><bdi>978-0-12-401729-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+the+Most+Complex+Structure+on+Earth%3A+An+Epigenetic+Narrative+of+Development+and+Evolution+of+Animals&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Newnes&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft.isbn=978-0-12-401729-0&rft.aulast=Cabej&rft.aufirst=NR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTHz_-R8BSs0C%26q%3DThe%2Bmost%2Bplausible%2Bhypothesis%2Bon%2Bthe%2Bevolution%2Bof%2Bsimultaneous%2Bhermaphroditism%2Bis%2Bthe%2Blimited%2Bavailability%2Bof%2Bmating%2Bpartners.%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orton-2019-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Orton-2019_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrton2019" class="citation book cs1">Orton TJ (2019-11-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rte_DwAAQBAJ&q=Horticultural+Plant+Breeding"><i>Horticultural Plant Breeding</i></a>. Academic Press. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-815570-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-815570-7"><bdi>978-0-12-815570-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Horticultural+Plant+Breeding&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft.isbn=978-0-12-815570-7&rft.aulast=Orton&rft.aufirst=TJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drte_DwAAQBAJ%26q%3DHorticultural%2BPlant%2BBreeding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Núñez-Farfán-2020-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Núñez-Farfán-2020_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNúñez-FarfánValverde2020" class="citation book cs1">Núñez-Farfán J, Valverde PL (2020-07-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iF70DwAAQBAJ&q=consensus+dioecy&pg=PA177"><i>Evolutionary Ecology of Plant-Herbivore Interaction</i></a>. Springer Nature. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-46012-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-46012-9"><bdi>978-3-030-46012-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolutionary+Ecology+of+Plant-Herbivore+Interaction&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft.isbn=978-3-030-46012-9&rft.aulast=N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez-Farf%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Valverde%2C+PL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiF70DwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dconsensus%2Bdioecy%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burns-2019-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burns-2019_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2019" class="citation book cs1">Burns KC (2019-05-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wbOQDwAAQBAJ&q=evolution+of+hermaphroditism+in+plants"><i>Evolution in Isolation: The Search for an Island Syndrome in Plants</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 21–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-42201-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-42201-7"><bdi>978-1-108-42201-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution+in+Isolation%3A+The+Search+for+an+Island+Syndrome+in+Plants&rft.pages=21-22&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019-05-16&rft.isbn=978-1-108-42201-7&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=KC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwbOQDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Devolution%2Bof%2Bhermaphroditism%2Bin%2Bplants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Judd-2002-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Judd-2002_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuddCampbellKelloggStevens2002" class="citation book cs1">Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA, Stevens PF, Donoghue MJ (2002). <i>Plant systematics, a phylogenetic approach</i> (2 ed.). Sunderland MA, US: Sinauer Associates Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87893-403-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87893-403-0"><bdi>0-87893-403-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant+systematics%2C+a+phylogenetic+approach&rft.place=Sunderland+MA%2C+US&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Sinauer+Associates+Inc.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87893-403-0&rft.aulast=Judd&rft.aufirst=WS&rft.au=Campbell%2C+CS&rft.au=Kellogg%2C+EA&rft.au=Stevens%2C+PF&rft.au=Donoghue%2C+MJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725112536/http://www.buschgardens.org/animal-info/info-books/bony-fish/reproduction.htm">"Bony Fishes: Reproduction"</a>. <i>SeaWorld/Busch Gardens Animal Infobooks</i>. Busch Entertainment Corporation. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buschgardens.org/animal-info/info-books/bony-fish/reproduction.htm">the original</a> on 25 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SeaWorld%2FBusch+Gardens+Animal+Infobooks&rft.atitle=Bony+Fishes%3A+Reproduction&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buschgardens.org%2Fanimal-info%2Finfo-books%2Fbony-fish%2Freproduction.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Discovery Health Channel, (2007) "I Am My Own Twin"</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimKwonJoungKim2002" class="citation journal cs1">Kim KR, Kwon Y, Joung JY, Kim KS, Ayala AG, Ro JY (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.MP.0000027623.23885.0D">"True hermaphroditism and mixed gonadal dysgenesis in young children: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases"</a>. <i>Modern Pathology</i>. <b>15</b> (10): 1013–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.MP.0000027623.23885.0D">10.1097/01.MP.0000027623.23885.0D</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/357415945">357415945</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12379746">12379746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Pathology&rft.atitle=True+hermaphroditism+and+mixed+gonadal+dysgenesis+in+young+children%3A+a+clinicopathologic+study+of+10+cases&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1013-9&rft.date=2002-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F357415945&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12379746&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.MP.0000027623.23885.0D&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=KR&rft.au=Kwon%2C+Y&rft.au=Joung%2C+JY&rft.au=Kim%2C+KS&rft.au=Ayala%2C+AG&rft.au=Ro%2C+JY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1097%252F01.MP.0000027623.23885.0D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandall2005" class="citation book cs1">Randall JE (2005). <i>Reef and Shore Fishes of the South Pacific: New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands</i>. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 346, 387. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2698-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2698-7"><bdi>978-0-8248-2698-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52152732">52152732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reef+and+Shore+Fishes+of+the+South+Pacific%3A+New+Caledonia+to+Tahiti+and+the+Pitcairn+Islands&rft.place=Honolulu%2C+Hawaii&rft.pages=346%2C+387&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52152732&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2698-7&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=JE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChase1998" class="citation book cs1">Chase C (1998). "Affronting Reason". In Atkins D (ed.). <i>Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and Transgender Communities</i>. New York: Haworth Press. pp. 205–219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56023-931-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56023-931-4"><bdi>978-1-56023-931-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38519315">38519315</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Affronting+Reason&rft.btitle=Looking+Queer%3A+Body+Image+and+Identity+in+Lesbian%2C+Bisexual%2C+Gay%2C+and+Transgender+Communities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=205-219&rft.pub=Haworth+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38519315&rft.isbn=978-1-56023-931-4&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFausto-Sterling1993" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Fausto-Sterling" title="Anne Fausto-Sterling">Fausto-Sterling A</a> (12 March 1993). "How Many Sexes Are There?". <i>The New York Times</i>. New York. p. Op–Ed.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Many+Sexes+Are+There%3F&rft.pages=Op-Ed&rft.date=1993-03-12&rft.aulast=Fausto-Sterling&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span>, reprinted in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarwood1996" class="citation book cs1">Harwood S, ed. (1996). <i>Business As Ethical and Business As Usual: Text, Readings, and Cases</i>. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. pp. 168–170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-534-54251-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-534-54251-1"><bdi>978-0-534-54251-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/141382073">141382073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Business+As+Ethical+and+Business+As+Usual%3A+Text%2C+Readings%2C+and+Cases&rft.place=Belmont%2C+CA&rft.pages=168-170&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Pub&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F141382073&rft.isbn=978-0-534-54251-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrumbachConte1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Melvin_M._Grumbach" title="Melvin M. Grumbach">Grumbach MM</a>, Conte FA (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/williamstextbook00wils">"Disorders of sex differentiation"</a>. In Williams RH, Wilson JD (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/williamstextbook00wils/page/1303"><i>Williams Textbook of Endocrinology</i></a>. Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/williamstextbook00wils/page/1303">1303–1425</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7216-6152-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7216-6152-0"><bdi>978-0-7216-6152-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35364729">35364729</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Disorders+of+sex+differentiation&rft.btitle=Williams+Textbook+of+Endocrinology&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=1303-1425&rft.pub=Saunders&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35364729&rft.isbn=978-0-7216-6152-0&rft.aulast=Grumbach&rft.aufirst=MM&rft.au=Conte%2C+FA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwilliamstextbook00wils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermaphrodite" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermaphrodite&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hermaphrodites" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hermaphrodites"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Hermaphrodites</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/263151/hermaphroditism">Britannica Online Encyclopedia: hermaphroditism (biology)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822%2805%2901105-X">Current Biology – Gender trading in a hermaphrodite</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0030030">The Evolution of Self-Fertile Hermaphroditism: The Fog Is Clearing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/ca2/BornHermaphrodite/">"Born True Hermaphrodite – Pictorial Profile", about Lynn Edward Harris</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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title="Temperature-dependent sex determination">Temperature-dependent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haplodiploidy" title="Haplodiploidy">Haplodiploidy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_chromosome" title="Sex chromosome">Sex chromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testis-determining_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Testis-determining factor">Testis-determining factor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hermaphrodite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sequential_hermaphroditism" title="Sequential hermaphroditism">Sequential hermaphroditism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_hermaphroditism" title="Simultaneous hermaphroditism">Simultaneous hermaphroditism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasexual_cycle" title="Parasexual cycle">parasexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_as_a_biological_variable" title="Sex as a biological variable">Sex as a biological variable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th 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title="Sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction" title="Sexual dysfunction">Sexual dysfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">Hypersexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoactive_sexual_desire_disorder" title="Hypoactive sexual desire disorder">Hyposexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_surrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual surrogate">Sexual surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">Sexually transmitted infection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">diversity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">Men who have sex with men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_who_have_sex_with_women" title="Women who have sex with women">Women who have sex with women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_law" title="Sex and the law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_transmission_of_HIV" title="Criminal transmission of HIV">Criminal transmission of HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">Child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">Sexual abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">Sexual assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_misconduct" title="Sexual misconduct">Sexual misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenge_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenge pornography">Revenge pornography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Feminist sex wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_erotic_depictions" title="History of erotic depictions">History of erotic depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Relationships</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Anarchism and love/sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extramarital_sex" title="Extramarital sex">Extramarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm_gap" title="Orgasm gap">Orgasm gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premarital_sex" title="Premarital sex">Premarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">Promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">Sexual addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slang" title="Sexual slang">Sexual slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_by_country" title="Category:Sexuality by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Sexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_South_Korea" title="Sexuality in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Sexual activities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_sex" title="Conventional sex">Conventional sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">Anal sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareback_(sexual_act)" title="Bareback (sexual act)">Bareback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexuality" title="Child sexuality">Child sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creampie_(sexual_act)" title="Creampie (sexual act)">Creampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edging_(sexual_practice)" title="Edging (sexual practice)">Edging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_sexual_denial" title="Erotic sexual denial">Erotic sexual denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_(sexual_act)" title="Facial (sexual act)">Facial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisting" title="Fisting">Fisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_fetishism" title="Foot fetishism">Foot fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footjob" title="Footjob">Footjob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_orgasm" title="Forced orgasm">Forced orgasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frot" title="Frot">Frot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_bang" title="Gang bang">Gang bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_intercourse" title="Mammary intercourse">Mammary intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex#Manual_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Manual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)#Anus" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Anal fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handjob" title="Handjob">Handjob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_stimulation" title="Nipple stimulation">Nipple stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Non-penetrative sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">Oral sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/69_(sex_position)" title="69 (sex position)">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anilingus" title="Anilingus">Anilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunnilingus" title="Cunnilingus">Cunnilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellatio" title="Fellatio">Fellatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrumatio" title="Irrumatio">Irrumatio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraphilia" title="Paraphilia">Paraphilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompoir" title="Pompoir">Pompoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickie_(sex)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quickie (sex)">Quickie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexercise" title="Sexercise">Sexercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">Sex in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_position" title="Sex position">Sex positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">Sexual fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Sexual fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreplay" title="Foreplay">Foreplay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_penetration" title="Sexual penetration">Sexual penetration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumata" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumata">Sumata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">Swinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribadism" title="Tribadism">Tribadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_intercourse" title="Urethral intercourse">Urethral intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urolagnia" title="Urolagnia">Urolagnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_sex" title="Virtual sex">Virtual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex" title="Cybersex">Cybersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_talk" title="Erotic talk">Erotic talk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_T-shirt_contest" title="Wet T-shirt contest">Wet T-shirt contest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_nudity_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex and nudity in video games">Adult video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">Film actor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">Prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_sex" title="Survival sex">Survival sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">Red-light district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sex_museums" title="List of sex museums">Sex museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">Sex shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">Sex tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_sex_tourism" title="Child sex tourism">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_sex_tourism" title="Female sex tourism">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_worker" title="Sex worker">Sex worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_toy" title="Sex toy">Sex toy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_doll" title="Sex doll">Doll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">Strip club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcam_model" title="Webcam model">Webcam model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Religion and<br />sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexuality" title="Buddhism and sexuality">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and sexuality">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Tantric sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Christian_demonology" title="Sexuality in Christian demonology">Christian demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">Clerical celibacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Buddhist monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Hindu monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_monasticism" title="Jain monasticism">Jain monasticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_sexual_practices" title="Taoist sexual practices">Daoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_sexuality" title="Judaism and sexuality">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and LGBT people">LGBT people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_religious_groups" title="LGBT-affirming religious groups">LGBT-affirming religious groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_Mormonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution_in_ancient_Greece" title="Sacred prostitution in ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bisexuality_symbol_(bold,_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/16px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/24px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Intersex" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Intersex" title="Template:Intersex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Intersex" title="Template talk:Intersex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Intersex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Intersex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Intersex" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Human rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">legal issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights_reports" title="Intersex human rights reports">reports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">Legal recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_declaration_(International_Intersex_Forum)" title="Malta declaration (International Intersex Forum)">Malta declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Medical interventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Sex assignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_characteristics_(legal_term)" title="Sex characteristics (legal term)">Sex characteristics (legal term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg/50px-Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg/75px-Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg/100px-Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Intersex_and_medicine" title="Category:Intersex and medicine">Medicine</a> and biology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disorders_of_sex_development" title="Disorders of sex development">Disorders of sex development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_diagnosis_of_intersex" title="Genetic diagnosis of intersex">Genetic diagnosis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hermaphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Medical interventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_intersex_surgery" title="History of intersex surgery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchidometer" title="Orchidometer">Orchidometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phall-O-Meter" title="Phall-O-Meter">Phall-O-Meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prader_scale" title="Prader scale">Prader scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quigley_scale" title="Quigley scale">Quigley scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation" title="Sexual differentiation">Sexual differentiation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endosex" title="Endosex">Endosex</a> (antonym)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_civil_society_organizations" title="Intersex civil society organizations">Civil society organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_characters_in_fiction" title="Intersex characters in fiction">Fictional characters‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_representation_in_film" title="Intersex representation in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_system" title="Gender system">Gender system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevedoce" class="mw-redirect" title="Guevedoce">Guevedoce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_flag" title="Intersex flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_and_LGBT" title="Intersex and LGBT">Intersex and LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_about_intersex" title="Literature about intersex">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service" title="Intersex people and military service">Military service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intersex_people" title="List of intersex people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_religion" title="Intersex people and religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Ancient Greek religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphroditus" title="Aphroditus">Aphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Judaism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgynos" title="Androgynos">Androgynos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumtum_(Judaism)" title="Tumtum (Judaism)">Tumtum</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_researchers_on_intersex" title="List of researchers on intersex">Researchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_verification_in_sports" title="Sex verification in sports">Sex verification in sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_representation_in_television" title="Intersex representation in television">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_in_history" title="Intersex people in history">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_intersex_surgery" title="History of intersex surgery">of surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_intersex_history" title="Timeline of intersex history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_Awareness_Day" title="Intersex Awareness Day">Intersex Awareness Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Intersex Day of Remembrance">Intersex Day of Remembrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Intersex_Forum" title="International Intersex Forum">International Intersex Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rights by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Argentina" title="Intersex rights in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Australia" title="Intersex rights in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Canada" title="Intersex rights in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Chile" title="Intersex rights in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_China" title="Intersex rights in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Colombia" title="Intersex rights in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_France" title="Intersex rights in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Germany" title="Intersex rights in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Kenya" title="Intersex rights in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Malta" title="Intersex rights in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Mexico" title="Intersex rights in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Nepal" title="Intersex rights in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_South_Africa" title="Intersex rights in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Spain" title="Intersex rights in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Intersex rights in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Taiwan" title="Intersex rights in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Uganda" title="Intersex rights in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Intersex rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_in_the_United_States_military" title="Intersex people in the United States military">military</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights" title="Children's rights">Children's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny" title="Androgyny">Androgyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">Non-binary recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_theory" title="Queer theory">Queer theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_humans" title="Sex differences in humans">Sex differences in humans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Intersex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Intersex (page does not exist)">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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