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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Juan de Bolas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Juan de Bolas</div><br />1604?</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1664<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Jamaica</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Juan Lubolo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">First Chief of a prominent Jamaican Palenque, the inhabitants of which became the <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroons" title="Jamaican Maroons">Jamaican Maroons</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Juan de Bolas</b> originally <b>Juan Lubolo</b> (1604?-1664) was one of the first chiefs of the <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroons" title="Jamaican Maroons">Jamaican Maroons</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_de_Bolas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the English captured <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> from the Spanish in the 1655 <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Jamaica" title="Invasion of Jamaica">Invasion of Jamaica</a>, the latter freed their slaves, who fled into the mountainous forests of the interior, where they established independent communities of <a href="/wiki/Free_black_people_in_Jamaica" title="Free black people in Jamaica">Free black people in Jamaica</a>, and fought a guerrilla war against the English. It is likely that these early Spanish Maroons were descended from both escaped African slaves and <a href="/wiki/Taino" class="mw-redirect" title="Taino">Taino</a> men and women.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Juan de Bolas and his Maroon community was based primarily around the town of Lluidas Vale. The Spanish attempted to retake the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Colony of Jamaica</a>, and to this end Don Christobal de Ysasi relied on his alliance with the Spanish Maroons to secure this victory.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Juan_switches_sides">Juan switches sides</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_de_Bolas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Juan switches sides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However, Governor <a href="/wiki/Edward_D%27Oyley" title="Edward D'Oyley">Edward D'Oyley</a> succeeded in persuading one of the leaders of the Spanish Maroons, Juan de Bolas, to switch sides and join the English along with his Maroon warriors. In 1660, when Ysasi realised that de Bolas had joined the English, he admitted that the Spanish no longer had a chance of recapturing the island, since de Bolas and his men knew the mountainous interior better than the Spanish and the English. Ysasi gave up on his dreams, and fled to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English named two <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Bolas_River" title="Juan de Bolas River">rivers</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Bolas_Mountain" title="Juan de Bolas Mountain">mountain</a> after him to commemorate his assistance in expelling the Spaniards and bringing an end to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Jamaica">Spanish Jamaica</a>, as well as capturing hostile Maroons.<sup id="cite_ref-DoPNiJ_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoPNiJ-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English appointed him Colonel of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Militia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Militia (page does not exist)">Black Militia</a> and guaranteed his <a href="/wiki/Palenque_(village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palenque (village)">palenque</a> land and liberties "for ever".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_with_other_Maroons_and_Death">War with other Maroons and Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_de_Bolas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: War with other Maroons and Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There was at least one other group of Spanish Maroons who did not agree to terms with the English authorities, led by a Maroon named <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Serras" title="Juan de Serras">Juan de Serras</a>. The English called this group the Karmahaly Maroons, because they came from Los Vermejales. The English colonial authorities then used de Bolas and his "Black Militia" to hunt de Serras and his Maroons.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Bolas was killed in an ambush by an unaligned palenque in 1664.<sup id="cite_ref-DoPNiJ_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoPNiJ-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some historians believe that de Bolas was killed by Maroons from the group led by de Serras. Following the death of de Bolas, his group of Black Militia Maroons faded from history, while de Serras and his community continued to trouble the English authorities for years to come.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_de_Bolas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Bolas is mentioned in <i><a href="/wiki/Segu_(novel)" title="Segu (novel)">Segu</a></i>, an historical novel from Guadeloupean author <a href="/wiki/Maryse_Cond%C3%A9" title="Maryse Condé">Maryse Condé</a>. </p><p>Jamaican novelist <a href="/wiki/Victor_Stafford_Reid" title="Victor Stafford Reid">Victor Stafford Reid</a> wrote an historical novel entitled <i>The Jamaicans</i> in 1976, and the main character was Juan de Bolas. </p><p>Jamaican singer <a href="/wiki/Eric_Donaldson" title="Eric Donaldson">Eric Donaldson</a> named his 1979 Dynamic Sounds album after De Bolas, entitled 'Juan De Bolas'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_de_Bolas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Bolas_Mountain" title="Juan de Bolas Mountain">Juan de Bolas Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Bolas_River" title="Juan de Bolas River">Juan de Bolas River</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_de_Bolas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agorsah, E. Kofi, "Archaeology of Maroon Settlements in Jamaica", <i>Maroon Heritage: Archaeological, Ethnographic and Historical Perspectives</i>, ed. E. Kofi Agorsah (Kingston: University of the West Indies Canoe Press, 1994), pp. 180–1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mavis Campbell, <i>The Maroons of Jamaica 1655-1796: a History of Resistance, Collaboration & Betrayal</i> (Massachusetts: Bergin & Garvey, 1988), pp. 14-17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, <i>The Maroons of Jamaica 1655-1796</i>, pp. 17-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.V. Black, <i>History of Jamaica</i> (London: Collins, 1975), p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DoPNiJ-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DoPNiJ_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DoPNiJ_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSibley1978" class="citation book cs1">Sibley, Inez (1978). <i>Dictionary of Place-Names in Jamaica</i>. <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston, Jamaica</a>: <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Jamaica" title="Institute of Jamaica">Institute of Jamaica</a>. p. 85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Place-Names+in+Jamaica&rft.place=Kingston%2C+Jamaica&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Institute+of+Jamaica&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Sibley&rft.aufirst=Inez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+de+Bolas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Noel Sainsbury (editor), "America and West Indies: February 1663," Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 5: 1661-1668</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, <i>The Maroons of Jamaica 1655-1796</i>, pp. 17-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, <i>The Maroons of Jamaica 1655-1796</i>, pp. 25-26.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_de_Bolas&oldid=1189942744">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_de_Bolas&oldid=1189942744</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jamaican_Maroon_leaders" title="Category:Jamaican Maroon leaders">Jamaican Maroon leaders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1600s_births" title="Category:1600s births">1600s births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1664_deaths" title="Category:1664 deaths">1664 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Clarendon_Parish,_Jamaica" title="Category:People from Clarendon Parish, Jamaica">People from Clarendon Parish, Jamaica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Category:History of the Colony of Jamaica">History of the Colony of Jamaica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jamaican_rebel_slaves" title="Category:Jamaican rebel slaves">Jamaican rebel slaves</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_Jamaican_people" title="Category:17th-century Jamaican people">17th-century Jamaican people</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 December 2023, at 00:05<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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