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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Siberi%C3%AB&returntoquery=section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Siberi%C3%AB&returntoquery=section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Siberi%C3%AB&returntoquery=section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Siberi%C3%AB&returntoquery=section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Oorsprong_van_die_naam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oorsprong_van_die_naam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Oorsprong van die naam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oorsprong_van_die_naam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grense_en_administratiewe_verdeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grense_en_administratiewe_verdeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Grense en administratiewe verdeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grense_en_administratiewe_verdeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Demografie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Godsdiens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Godsdiens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Godsdiens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Godsdiens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vroeë_bevolkings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroeë_bevolkings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Vroeë bevolkings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroeë_bevolkings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siberiese_khanaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siberiese_khanaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Siberiese khanaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siberiese_khanaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russiese_verowering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russiese_verowering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Russiese verowering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russiese_verowering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontdekkingsreise_in_Siberië" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontdekkingsreise_in_Siberië"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Ontdekkingsreise in Siberië</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontdekkingsreise_in_Siberië-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-17de_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17de_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>17de eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17de_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18de_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18de_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>18de eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18de_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19de_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19de_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3</span> <span>19de eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19de_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vooruitgang_en_industrialisasie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vooruitgang_en_industrialisasie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Vooruitgang en industrialisasie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vooruitgang_en_industrialisasie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_Toengoeska-voorval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Toengoeska-voorval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Die Toengoeska-voorval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Toengoeska-voorval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie_en_geologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie_en_geologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geografie en geologie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie_en_geologie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geografie en geologie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie_en_geologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mere_en_riviere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mere_en_riviere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Mere en riviere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mere_en_riviere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bergreekse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bergreekse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Bergreekse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bergreekse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graslande" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graslande"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Graslande</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graslande-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dierelewe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dierelewe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Dierelewe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dierelewe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ekonomie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vervoer</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Vervoer subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Per_pad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Per_pad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Per pad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Per_pad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Per_spoor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Per_spoor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Per spoor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Per_spoor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Per_lug_en_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Per_lug_en_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Per lug en water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Per_lug_en_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Siberië</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 146 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibirien" title="Sibirien – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sibirien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%A4%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ሳይቤሪያ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሳይቤሪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سيبيريا – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيبيريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سيبيريا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيبيريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibiria" title="Sibiria – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Sibiria" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sibir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سیبری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیبری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Себер – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Себер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibirien" title="Sibirien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Sibirien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%97b%C4%97rs" title="Sėbėrs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sėbėrs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80" title="Сібір – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сібір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80" title="Сібір – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сібір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сибир – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сибир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="साइबेरिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="साइबेरिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="সাইবেরিয়া – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাইবেরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="སེ་པོ་རི་ཡ། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སེ་པོ་རི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sibir" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Сибирь – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сибирь" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib%C3%A8ria" title="Sibèria – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sibèria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Сибаре – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сибаре" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سیبیریا – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیبیریا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Sibir" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibi%C5%99" title="Sibiř – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sibiř" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybiri%C3%B4" title="Sybiriô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Sybiriô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Сибирь – Kerkslawies" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Сибирь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslawies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80" title="Çĕпĕр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕпĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibirien" title="Sibirien – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sibirien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibirien" title="Sibirien – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sibirien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibirya" title="Sibirya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sibirya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibirska" title="Sibirska – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Sibirska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σιβηρία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σιβηρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberio" title="Siberio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Siberio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siber" title="Siber – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Siber" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سیبری – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siperia" title="Siperia – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siperia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib%C3%A9rie" title="Sibérie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sibérie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib%C3%A8ria" title="Sibèria – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Sibèria" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibearje" title="Sibearje – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sibearje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSib%C3%A9ir" title="An tSibéir – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSibéir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siv%C3%A9ria" title="Sivéria – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Sivéria" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8" title="סיביר – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיביר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="साइबेरिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="साइबेरिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sibir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibirska" title="Sibirska – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sibirska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szib%C3%A9ria" title="Szibéria – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szibéria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Սիբիր – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիբիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qulliq_(ini)" title="Qulliq (ini) – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Qulliq (ini)" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADber%C3%ADa" title="Síbería – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Síbería" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="シベリア – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シベリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/siberias" title="siberias – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="siberias" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib%C3%A8ri" title="Sibèri – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sibèri" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ციმბირი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ციმბირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Sibir" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80" title="Сібір – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сібір" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ಸೈಬೀರಿಯಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೈಬೀರಿಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="시베리아 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시베리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEb%C3%AErya" title="Sîbîrya – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sîbîrya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibirien" title="Sibirien – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sibirien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сибир – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Сибир" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sibir" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB" title="Siberië – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Siberië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siber%C3%AD" title="Siberí – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Siberí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibiras" title="Sibiras – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sibiras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib%C4%ABrija" title="Sibīrija – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sibīrija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Сивыр – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сивыр" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haip%C4%ABria" title="Haipīria – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Haipīria" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сибир – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сибир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="സൈബീരിയ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൈബീരിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Сибирь – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сибирь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सायबेरिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सायबेरिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Сибирь – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Сибирь" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib%C3%A9ria" title="Sibéria – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sibéria" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဆိုက်ဘေးရီးယား – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆိုက်ဘေးရီးယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibirien" title="Sibirien – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sibirien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberie" title="Siberie – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Siberie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="साइबेरिया – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="साइबेरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="साइबेरिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="साइबेरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB" title="Siberië – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Siberië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sibir" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sibir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ସାଇବେରିଆ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସାଇବେରିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Сыбыр – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сыбыр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਸਾਈਬੇਰੀਆ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਈਬੇਰੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syberia" title="Syberia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Syberia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سائبیریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سائبیریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib%C3%A9ria" title="Sibéria – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sibéria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Сибирь – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сибирь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сибирия – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сибирия" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сибиир – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сибиир" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib%C3%A8ria" title="Sibèria – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sibèria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibberia" title="Sibberia – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sibberia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberie" title="Siberie – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Siberie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سائبيريا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سائبيريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sibir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="සයිබීරියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සයිබීරියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib%C3%ADr" title="Sibír – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sibír" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibirija" title="Sibirija – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sibirija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сибир – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сибир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibirien" title="Sibirien – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sibirien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syberyjo" title="Syberyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Syberyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="சைபீரியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சைபீரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="సైబీరియా – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సైబీరియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ไซบีเรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไซบีเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberya" title="Siberya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Siberya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Sibir" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibirya" title="Sibirya – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sibirya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Себер – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Себер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80" title="Сибір – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сибір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سائبیریا – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سائبیریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sibir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib%C3%A8ria" title="Sibèria – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sibèria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siebeerje" title="Siebeerje – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Siebeerje" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibereye" title="Sibereye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sibereye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="西伯利亞 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西伯利亞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%B7%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%B7%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ცჷნდჷრი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ცჷნდჷრი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8" title="סיביר – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סיביר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="西伯利亚 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西伯利亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siberia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="西伯利亞 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西伯利亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5428#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Siberi%C3%AB" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Siberi%C3%AB" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Siberi%C3%AB" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&oldid=2642892" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Siberi%C3%AB&id=2642892&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSiberi%25C3%25AB%26section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSiberi%25C3%25AB%26section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Siberi%C3%AB"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Siberi%C3%AB&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5428" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geografiese_ko%C3%B6rdinatestelsel" title="Geografiese koördinatestelsel">Koördinate</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Siberi%C3%AB&language=af&params=60_0_N_105_0_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">60°0′N</span> <span class="longitude">105°0′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">60.000°N 105.000°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">60.000; 105.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table width="152" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="float:right"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Topographic30deg_N60E60.png" class="mw-file-description" title="N60-90, E60-90"><img alt="N60-90, E60-90" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Topographic30deg_N60E60.png/100px-Topographic30deg_N60E60.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Topographic30deg_N60E60.png/150px-Topographic30deg_N60E60.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Topographic30deg_N60E60.png/200px-Topographic30deg_N60E60.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Topographic30deg_N60E90.png" class="mw-file-description" title="N60-90, E90-120"><img alt="N60-90, E90-120" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Topographic30deg_N60E90.png/100px-Topographic30deg_N60E90.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Topographic30deg_N60E90.png/150px-Topographic30deg_N60E90.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Topographic30deg_N60E90.png/200px-Topographic30deg_N60E90.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Topographic30deg_N60E120.png" class="mw-file-description" title="N60-90, E120-150"><img alt="N60-90, E120-150" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Topographic30deg_N60E120.png/100px-Topographic30deg_N60E120.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Topographic30deg_N60E120.png/150px-Topographic30deg_N60E120.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Topographic30deg_N60E120.png/200px-Topographic30deg_N60E120.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Topographic30deg_N30E60.png" class="mw-file-description" title="N30-60, E60-90"><img alt="N30-60, E60-90" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Topographic30deg_N30E60.png/100px-Topographic30deg_N30E60.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Topographic30deg_N30E60.png/150px-Topographic30deg_N30E60.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Topographic30deg_N30E60.png/200px-Topographic30deg_N30E60.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Topographic30deg_N30E90.png" class="mw-file-description" title="N30-60, E90-120"><img alt="N30-60, E90-120" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Topographic30deg_N30E90.png/100px-Topographic30deg_N30E90.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Topographic30deg_N30E90.png/150px-Topographic30deg_N30E90.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Topographic30deg_N30E90.png/200px-Topographic30deg_N30E90.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Topographic30deg_N30E120.png" class="mw-file-description" title="N30-60, E120-150"><img alt="N30-60, E120-150" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Topographic30deg_N30E120.png/100px-Topographic30deg_N30E120.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Topographic30deg_N30E120.png/150px-Topographic30deg_N30E120.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Topographic30deg_N30E120.png/200px-Topographic30deg_N30E120.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"><small>Die uitgestrekte Siberië beslaan feitlik die hele Noord-Asië. <br /><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Siberi%C3%AB&language=af&params=60_0_N_105_0_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">60°0′N</span> <span class="longitude">105°0′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">60.000°N 105.000°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">60.000; 105.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Siberië</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russies" title="Russies">Russies</a>: Сиби́рь, <i>Sibir</i>) beslaan die grootste deel van <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asiatiese</a> <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a>. Dis ’n uitgestrekte, <a href="/wiki/Mineraal" title="Mineraal">mineraalryke</a> en grootliks ysbedekte gebied wat feitlik oor die hele Noord-Asië strek en reeds vanaf die <a href="/wiki/16de_eeu" title="16de eeu">16de eeu</a> deel van die <a href="/wiki/Russiese_Ryk" title="Russiese Ryk">Russiese Ryk</a> was. </p><p>Dit sluit ’n groot deel van die <a href="/wiki/Eurasi%C3%AB" title="Eurasië">Eurasiese</a> <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a> in en strek ooswaarts van die <a href="/wiki/Oeralgebergte" title="Oeralgebergte">Oeralgebergte</a> tot by die skeiding tussen die opvanggebiede van die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Noordelike_Yssee" class="mw-redirect" title="Noordelike Yssee">Noordelike Yssee</a>, en suidwaarts van die Noordelike Yssee tot by die heuwels van Noordsentraal-<a href="/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan">Kasakstan</a> en die nasionale grense van <a href="/wiki/Mongoli%C3%AB" title="Mongolië">Mongolië</a> en <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-disambig" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opgrawings getuig van gesofistikeerde nomadiese beskawings wat reeds voor die Christelike era aan die oewers van al die Siberiese mere gewoon het. Tans beslaan dit sowat 77% van Rusland se grondgebied (13,1 miljoen vk. km), maar bevat slegs 25% van die land se bevolking (38 miljoen mense na wie in Russies as Sibirjakke verwys word). Die meeste van hulle woon in die suide, al langs die <a href="/wiki/Transsiberiese_Spoorlyn" title="Transsiberiese Spoorlyn">Transsiberiese Spoorlyn</a> wat <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a> in die weste met <a href="/wiki/Wladiwostok" title="Wladiwostok">Wladiwostok</a> in die ooste verbind. Die grootste stad is <a href="/wiki/Nowosibirsk" title="Nowosibirsk">Nowosibirsk</a>, wat met sy 1,5 miljoen inwoners ook die derde grootste stad in Rusland is. </p><p>Die streek is buite Rusland veral bekend weens die groot aantal <a href="/wiki/Konsentrasiekamp" title="Konsentrasiekamp">strafkampe</a>, bekend as die <a href="/wiki/Goelag" title="Goelag">Goelag</a>, wat hoofsaaklik in die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjet</a>-tyd daar opgerig is. Hulle was later so algemeen dat die naam "Siberië" sinoniem geraak het met verbanning en gedwonge arbeid. </p><p>Die belangrikste geografiese streke is die Wes-Siberiese Vlakte, ’n laagliggende, moerasagtige gebied waar grasvlaktes plek-plek voorkom, en die Sentraal-Siberiese Plato, ’n grootliks <a href="/wiki/Vulkaan" title="Vulkaan">vulkaniese</a> gebied met veral <a href="/wiki/Naaldwoude" class="mw-redirect" title="Naaldwoude">naaldwoude</a>. Die klimaat is subarkties – die jaarlikse gemiddelde temperatuur is sowat 0°C, met die gemiddelde in Januarie -15°C en in Julie 20°C. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Siberia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Siberia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Siberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Siberia.svg/225px-Flag_of_Siberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Siberia.svg/300px-Flag_of_Siberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Historiese vlag van Siberië.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Siberian_coat_of_arms.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Siberian_coat_of_arms.JPG/150px-Siberian_coat_of_arms.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Siberian_coat_of_arms.JPG/225px-Siberian_coat_of_arms.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Siberian_coat_of_arms.JPG 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="293" /></a><figcaption>Historiese wapen van Siberië.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oorsprong_van_die_naam">Oorsprong van die naam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Oorsprong van die naam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Oorsprong van die naam"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volgens sommige bronne<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> het die naam ontstaan uit die <a href="/wiki/Turks" title="Turks">Turkse</a> woord vir "slapende land." Ander meen dat dit die stamnaam was van die Sibilla, antieke Turkse nomades wat later deur die <a href="/wiki/Siberiese_Tartare" title="Siberiese Tartare">Siberiese Tartare</a> opgeneem is, of dat dit verband hou met die Sabir-volk. </p><p>Die moderne gebruik van die naam verskyn in <a href="/wiki/Russies" title="Russies">Russies</a> sedert die verowering van die <a href="/wiki/Siberiese_Khanaat" title="Siberiese Khanaat">Siberiese Khanaat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grense_en_administratiewe_verdeling">Grense en administratiewe verdeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Grense en administratiewe verdeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Grense en administratiewe verdeling"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Siberia-FederalSubjects.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Siberia-FederalSubjects.svg/270px-Siberia-FederalSubjects.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Siberia-FederalSubjects.svg/405px-Siberia-FederalSubjects.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Siberia-FederalSubjects.svg/540px-Siberia-FederalSubjects.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#CC0000; background-color:#CC0000; color:#CC0000;">  </span><span style="border:#FF4000; background-color:#FF4000; color:#FF4000;">  </span><span style="border:#FF9933; background-color:#FF9933; color:#FF9933;">  </span> 1. Historiese Siberië</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#CC0000; background-color:#CC0000; color:#CC0000;">   </span><span style="border:#FF4000; background-color:#FF4000; color:#FF4000;">   </span> 2. Geografiese Russiese Siberië</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:#CC0000; background-color:#CC0000; color:#CC0000;">      </span> 3. Siberiese Federale Distrik</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Die term "Siberië" het ’n baie lang geskiedenis en die betekenis daarvan het deur die jare geleidelik verander (sien kaart regs). </p> <ol><li>Die historiese definisie van Siberië is die hele deel van Rusland oos van die <a href="/wiki/Oeralgebergte" title="Oeralgebergte">Oeralgebergte</a>, insluitend die <a href="/wiki/Russiese_Verre-Ooste" class="mw-redirect" title="Russiese Verre-Ooste">Russiese Verre-Ooste</a>. Volgens hierdie definisie strek Siberië van die Oeralgebergte tot aan die kus van die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a>, en van die <a href="/wiki/Noordelike_Yssee" class="mw-redirect" title="Noordelike Yssee">Noordelike Yssee</a> tot aan die grens van Russiese Sentraal-Asië en die nasionale grense van <a href="/wiki/Mongoli%C3%AB" title="Mongolië">Mongolië</a> en China.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sowjet-bronne<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en moderne Russiese bronne<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> definieer Siberië gewoonlik as ’n streek wat van die Oerals ooswaarts strek tot by die skeiding tussen die opvanggebiede van die Stille Oseaan en Noordelike Yssee, en van die Noordelike Yssee suidwaarts tot by die heuwels van Noordsentraal-Kasakstan en die nasionale grense van Mongolië en China.</li> <li>Ander bronne gebruik ’n effens breër definisie vir die huidige Siberië wat ooreenstem met die historiese definisie<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – of soms ’n effens nouer definisie wat ooreenstem met die grense van die <a href="/wiki/Siberiese_Federale_Distrik" title="Siberiese Federale Distrik">Siberiese Federale Distrik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Russies word die naam Siberië egter nooit gebruik as plaasvervanger van die Siberiese Federale Distrik nie.</li></ol> <p>Siberië se belangrikste stede sluit in: <a href="/wiki/Barnaoel" title="Barnaoel">Barnaoel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irkoetsk" title="Irkoetsk">Irkoetsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kemerowo" title="Kemerowo">Kemerowo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krasnojarsk" title="Krasnojarsk">Krasnojarsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nowokoeznetsk" title="Nowokoeznetsk">Nowokoeznetsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nowosibirsk" title="Nowosibirsk">Nowosibirsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omsk" title="Omsk">Omsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomsk" title="Tomsk">Tomsk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tjoemen" title="Tjoemen">Tjoemen</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Siberian_Cities_Map2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Siberian_Cities_Map2.png/400px-Siberian_Cities_Map2.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Siberian_Cities_Map2.png/600px-Siberian_Cities_Map2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Siberian_Cities_Map2.png/800px-Siberian_Cities_Map2.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van die belangrikste stede in Siberië.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Deelgebiede_van_Rusland" class="mw-redirect" title="Deelgebiede van Rusland">Federale deelgebiede</a> van Siberië </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Deelgebied </th> <th>Hoofstad </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><b>Oeral- Federale Distrik</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chanti-Mansi- Outonome Okroeg </td> <td>Chanti-Mansijsk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Koergan-oblast </td> <td>Koergan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tjoemen-oblast </td> <td>Tjoemen </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jamalo-Nenets- Outonome Okroeg </td> <td>Salechard </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><b>Siberiese Federale Distrik</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Altai-krai </td> <td>Barnaoel </td></tr> <tr> <td>Altai-republiek </td> <td>Gorno-Altaisk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boerjatië </td> <td>Oelan-Oede </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tsjita-oblast </td> <td>Tsjita </td></tr> <tr> <td>Irkoetsk-oblast </td> <td>Irkoetsk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chakassië </td> <td>Abakan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kemerowo-oblast </td> <td>Kemerowo </td></tr> <tr> <td>Krasnojarsk-krai </td> <td>Krasnojarsk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nowosibirsk-oblast </td> <td>Nowosibirsk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Omsk-oblast </td> <td>Omsk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tomsk-oblast </td> <td>Tomsk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tiwa </td> <td>Kizil </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><b>Verre-Oosterse Federale Distrik</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sacha (Jakoetië) </td> <td>Jakoetsk </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Demografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Novosibirsk_Sovetskaya_1A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Novosibirsk_Sovetskaya_1A.jpg/250px-Novosibirsk_Sovetskaya_1A.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Novosibirsk_Sovetskaya_1A.jpg/375px-Novosibirsk_Sovetskaya_1A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Novosibirsk_Sovetskaya_1A.jpg/500px-Novosibirsk_Sovetskaya_1A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Nowosibirsk, Siberië se grootste stad.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Kap_Deschnjow_3_2014-08-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kap_Deschnjow_3_2014-08-17.jpg/250px-Kap_Deschnjow_3_2014-08-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kap_Deschnjow_3_2014-08-17.jpg/375px-Kap_Deschnjow_3_2014-08-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kap_Deschnjow_3_2014-08-17.jpg/500px-Kap_Deschnjow_3_2014-08-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="1423" /></a><figcaption>Die verlate nedersetting Naukan by Kaap Dezjnjof, die mees oostelike punt van die Russiese Federasie. Die Dezjnjof-monument (in die middel van die foto) dien ook as vuurtoring</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Siberian_Cities_Graph_Afrikaans.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Siberian_Cities_Graph_Afrikaans.png/250px-Siberian_Cities_Graph_Afrikaans.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Siberian_Cities_Graph_Afrikaans.png/375px-Siberian_Cities_Graph_Afrikaans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Siberian_Cities_Graph_Afrikaans.png/500px-Siberian_Cities_Graph_Afrikaans.png 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Demografiese ontwikkeling van die nege grootste Siberiese stede.</figcaption></figure> <p>Siberië het 38 miljoen inwoners (2005-sensus) en ’n bevolkingsdightheid van sowat drie mense per vierkante kilometer. Die oblaste met die digste bevolkings is Tsjeljabinsk en Kemerowo, met 41 en 30 mense per vierkante meter onderskeidelik. Die Korjak-okroeg het ’n bevolkingsdigtheid van minder as 0,1 mens per vierkante meter. </p><p>Die meeste inwoners is <a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">Russe</a> en gerussifiseerde <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFners" title="Oekraïners">Oekraïners</a>, maar in sekere streke soos <a href="/wiki/Tiwa" title="Tiwa">Tiwa</a> is die <a href="/wiki/Slawi%C3%ABrs" title="Slawiërs">Slawiese</a> bevolking so laag as 20%. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mongoolse_tale" title="Mongoolse tale">Mongoolse</a> en <a href="/wiki/Turkse_volke" title="Turkse volke">Turkse volke</a> soos <a href="/wiki/Boerjati%C3%AB" title="Boerjatië">Boerjate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakoeti%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakoetië">Jakoete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiwa" title="Tiwa">Tiwiniërs</a> en <a href="/wiki/Siberiese_Tartare" title="Siberiese Tartare">Siberiese Tartare</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> het oorspronklik in Siberië gewoon en afstammelinge van dié volke woon steeds daar.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die sowat 445 000 Boerjate is die grootste minderheidsgroep.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ander etniese groepe sluit in Kets, Evenks, Tsjoektsji's, Korjakke en Joekagirs. Amptelik woon daar 40 000 <a href="/wiki/Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese">Chinese</a> in die Russiese Verre-Ooste, maar daar word geglo dat die getal veel hoër is.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sowat 70% van Siberië se bewoners woon in klein woonstelle in die stede. Op die platteland woon mense in eenvoudige, maar ruimer houthuise. <a href="/wiki/Nowosibirsk" title="Nowosibirsk">Nowosibirsk</a>, met ’n bevolking van sowat 1,5 miljoen, is die grootste stad in die streek en die derde grootste stad in Rusland naas <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sint_Petersburg" title="Sint Petersburg">Sint Petersburg</a>. Ander Siberiese stede met meer as ’n miljoen inwoners is <a href="/wiki/Jekaterinburg" title="Jekaterinburg">Jekaterinburg</a> (1,3 miljoen), <a href="/wiki/Omsk" title="Omsk">Omsk</a> (1,1 miljoen) en <a href="/wiki/Tsjeljabinsk" title="Tsjeljabinsk">Tsjeljabinsk</a> (1,07 miljoen). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tobolsk" title="Tobolsk">Tobolsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomsk" title="Tomsk">Tomsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krasnojarsk" title="Krasnojarsk">Krasnojarsk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Irkoetsk" title="Irkoetsk">Irkoetsk</a> is ouer, historiese stede. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Godsdiens">Godsdiens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Godsdiens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Godsdiens"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verskeie gelowe word in Siberië beoefen, onder andere <a href="/wiki/Russies-Ortodokse_Kerk" title="Russies-Ortodokse Kerk">Oos-Ortodoksie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibettaanse</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme">Boeddhisme</a> en ander <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christelike</a> gelowe.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daar is ook sowat 70 000 <a href="/wiki/Jode" title="Jode">Jode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plaaslike gelowe dateer uit honderde jare gelede. Die groot, uitgestrekte gebied het baie verskillende plaaslike gode, soos Ak Ana, Anapel, Boegadi Moesoen, Kara Khan, Khaltesj-Anki, Kini'je, Koe'oerkil, Nga, Noe'tenoet, Noemi-Torem, Noemi-Turum, Pon, Poegoe, Todote, Toko'joto, Tomam, Xaja Iccita en Zonget. Plekke met heilige gebiede sluit in Olchon, ’n eiland in die <a href="/wiki/Baikalmeer" title="Baikalmeer">Baikalmeer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Geskiedenis_van_Siberi%C3%AB" title="Geskiedenis van Siberië">Geskiedenis van Siberië</a></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vroeë_bevolkings"><span id="Vroe.C3.AB_bevolkings"></span>Vroeë bevolkings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Vroeë bevolkings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Vroeë bevolkings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gesofistikeerde nomadiese beskawings, soos die Jenisiane en Samojede, het al voor die <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christelike</a> era in Sentraal-Siberië gewoon. Opgrawings getuig van digte bevolkings aan die oewers van al die Siberiese mere. Veral die Samojede het talle artifakte van <a href="/wiki/Brons" title="Brons">brons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silwer" title="Silwer">silwer</a> en <a href="/wiki/Goud" title="Goud">goud</a> agtergelaat. In Suid-Siberië kan Indo-Irannese invloede teruggespoor word tot 2300–1000 v.C. Tussen die 7de en 3de eeu v.C. het die <a href="/wiki/Skiti%C3%ABrs" title="Skitiërs">Skitiërs</a> in die Altai-streek gefloreer. </p><p>Die stigting van die Xiongnu-ryk in die 3de eeu v.C. het baie mense gedwing om uit te wyk na die noordelike grense van die groot Sentraal-Siberiese Plato. Verskeie Turkse stamme soos die Chakas en Oeighoer het noordweswaarts gemigreer en die plaaslike Oegriërs onderdruk. Hulle was vertroud met <a href="/wiki/Yster" title="Yster">yster</a> en het by hul onderdane geleer hoe om bronsitems te maak waarop hulle hulle hoogs artistieke stempel afgedruk het. Van dié ornamente kan gesien word in die versamelings van die <a href="/wiki/Hermitage" title="Hermitage">Hermitage</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sint_Petersburg" title="Sint Petersburg">Sint Petersburg</a>. </p><p>Teen 1206 het <a href="/wiki/Djengis_Khan" title="Djengis Khan">Djengis Khan</a> van <a href="/wiki/Mongoli%C3%AB" title="Mongolië">Mongolië</a> die hele Suid-Siberië verower. In 1207 het sy oudste seun, <a href="/wiki/Djotsji" class="mw-redirect" title="Djotsji">Djotsji</a>, nog volke soos die Oirats, Barga, Chakas, <a href="/wiki/Boerjati%C3%AB" title="Boerjatië">Boerjate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiwa" title="Tiwa">Tiwiërs</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kirgisi%C3%AB" title="Kirgisië">Kirgisiërs</a> onderwerp. Later het Wes-Siberië in die hande van die <a href="/wiki/Goue_Horde" title="Goue Horde">Goue Horde</a> geval. Die afstammelinge van <a href="/wiki/Orda_Khan" title="Orda Khan">Orda Khan</a>, die oudste seun van Djotsji, het regstreeks oor dié gebied regeer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siberiese_khanaat">Siberiese khanaat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Siberiese khanaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Siberiese khanaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Siberiese_Khanaat" title="Siberiese Khanaat">Siberiese Khanaat</a>.</i></dd></dl> <p>Die outonome Siberiese Khanaat is in die <a href="/wiki/14de_eeu" title="14de eeu">14de eeu</a> gestig toe die Mongoolse Huis van Djotsji begin verbrokkel het. Rusland se uitbreiding weswaarts het die khanaat in die <a href="/wiki/16de_eeu" title="16de eeu">16de eeu</a> begin ondermyn. Eerstens het groepe <a href="/wiki/Kosakke" title="Kosakke">Kosakke</a> na die gebied begin trek agter die pels van <a href="/wiki/Sabeldier" title="Sabeldier">sabeldiere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakkals" class="mw-disambig" title="Jakkals">jakkalse</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hermelyn" title="Hermelyn">hermelyne</a> aan. Tweedens het die Russiese leër hul forte al hoe meer oos gebou. Plaaslike volke wat hulle aan die Russiese Ryk onderwerp het, is deur die Russe teen nomadiese invallers vanuit die suide beskerm. In ruil daarvoor het die plaaslike inwoners belasting (<i>jasak</i>) betaal in die vorm van pelse. </p><p>Die Beleg van Kazan deur die <a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">Russe</a> in 1552 het die destydse Mongoolse leier, khan Jadigar, aangespoor om vriendskaplike betrekkinge met <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a> aan te knoop. Hy is egter ná jare van oorlog deur <a href="/wiki/Koetsjoem" title="Koetsjoem">Koetsjoem</a> verslaan, wat toe khan geword het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russiese_verowering">Russiese verowering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Russiese verowering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Russiese verowering"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Surikov_Pokoreniye_Sibiri_Yermakom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Surikov_Pokoreniye_Sibiri_Yermakom.jpg/300px-Surikov_Pokoreniye_Sibiri_Yermakom.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Surikov_Pokoreniye_Sibiri_Yermakom.jpg/450px-Surikov_Pokoreniye_Sibiri_Yermakom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Surikov_Pokoreniye_Sibiri_Yermakom.jpg/600px-Surikov_Pokoreniye_Sibiri_Yermakom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2305" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption><i>Jermak se Verowering van Siberië</i>, deur Wasili Soerikof.</figcaption></figure> <p>Oor die volgende twee dekades het <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> die khanaat geleidelik verower. In omstreeks 1577 het die Stroganof-familie van handelaars wat die Oeralstreek gekoloniseer het, die Kosakleier <a href="/wiki/Jermak" title="Jermak">Jermak</a> gevra om hul land teen khan Koetsjoem te beskerm. Jermak het Siberië in 1581 met 1 636 man binnegetrek, al met die Tagil- en Toera-rivier langs. </p><p>Die volgende jaar het hulle Isker, Koetsjoem se tuiste, verower. Koetsjoem het na die steppe gevlug en sy gebied aan Jermak afgestaan. Dié het Siberië volgens die destydse tradisie aan <a href="/wiki/Iwan_IV_van_Rusland" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwan IV van Rusland">tsaar Iwan die Verskriklike</a> oorhandig en so die guns van die tsaar gewen. </p><p>In 1585 het Koetsjoem Jermak skielik in die middel van die nag aangeval en die meeste van sy mense vermoor. Jermak is gewond en het probeer om oor die Wagai-rivier te swem, maar het verdrink. </p><p>Rusland moes heeltemal uit Siberië onttrek, maar danksy Jermak se verkenning van die riviere het hulle die hele gebied ’n paar jaar later terugverower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ontdekkingsreise_in_Siberië"><span id="Ontdekkingsreise_in_Siberi.C3.AB"></span>Ontdekkingsreise in Siberië</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Ontdekkingsreise in Siberië" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Ontdekkingsreise in Siberië"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Ontdekkingsreisigers_in_Siberi%C3%AB" title="Ontdekkingsreisigers in Siberië">Ontdekkingsreisigers in Siberië</a>.</i></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Siberia_topo144.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Siberia_topo144.png/350px-Siberia_topo144.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Siberia_topo144.png/525px-Siberia_topo144.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Siberia_topo144.png/700px-Siberia_topo144.png 2x" data-file-width="3368" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van Siberië.</figcaption></figure> <p>Vanaf die <a href="/wiki/17de_eeu" title="17de eeu">17de eeu</a> het talle Russe na Siberië gereis en voorheen onbekende gebiede en riviere ontdek. Hulle het ook die <a href="/wiki/Fauna" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna">fauna</a> en <a href="/wiki/Flora" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora">flora</a> nagevors en hul bevindings gepubliseer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="17de_eeu">17de eeu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: 17de eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: 17de eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Demid_Pjanda" title="Demid Pjanda">Demid Pjanda</a> was ’n pelsjagter wat van 1620 tot 1624 altesaam 8 000 km voorheen onbekende Siberiese riviere ontdek het, onder andere die <a href="/wiki/Lena-rivier" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena-rivier">Lena-rivier</a>. Hy was ook die eerste Rus wat <a href="/wiki/Sacha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacha">Jakoetië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Boerjati%C3%AB" title="Boerjatië">Boerjatië</a> bereik het. <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Moskwitin" title="Iwan Moskwitin">Iwan Moskwitin</a> was die eerste Rus wat die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> bereik het. Hy het ook die <a href="/wiki/See_van_Ochotsk" title="See van Ochotsk">See van Ochotsk</a> en die Sjantar-eilande ontdek. In 1643 het <a href="/wiki/Wassili_Pojarkof" title="Wassili Pojarkof">Wassili Pojarkof</a> en 133 man Jakoetië verken. Hy was die eerste Rus wat die <a href="/wiki/Amoer-rivier" class="mw-redirect" title="Amoer-rivier">Amoer-rivier</a> bereik het. <a href="/wiki/Jerofei_Chabarof" title="Jerofei Chabarof">Jerofei Chabarof</a> was in 1649 tot 1650 die tweede Rus wat die Amoer verken het ná Pojarkof. Later het hy met die Amoer afgeseil en Atsjansk, die voorloper van die huidige <a href="/wiki/Chabarofsk" title="Chabarofsk">Chabarofsk</a>, gestig. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Koerbat_Iwanof" title="Koerbat Iwanof">Koerbat Iwanof</a> het in 1642 die eerste bekende kaart van die <a href="/wiki/Russiese_Verre-Ooste" class="mw-redirect" title="Russiese Verre-Ooste">Russiese Verre-Ooste</a> geteken en die <a href="/wiki/Baikalmeer" title="Baikalmeer">Baikalmeer</a> ontdek.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aan die einde van die eeu het <a href="/wiki/Wladimir_Atlasof" title="Wladimir Atlasof">Wladimir Atlasof</a> die eerste permanente Russiese nedersettings op die <a href="/wiki/Kamtsjatka-skiereiland" title="Kamtsjatka-skiereiland">Kamtsjatka-skiereiland</a> gestig en die gebied se natuur en inwoners beskryf.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="18de_eeu">18de eeu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: 18de eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: 18de eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gmelin" title="Johann Gmelin">Johann Georg Gmelin</a> het verskeie reise deur Siberië onderneem en in die proses meer as 34 000 km afgelê. Hy het ontdek dat die <a href="/wiki/Kaspiese_See" title="Kaspiese See">Kaspiese See</a> onder die seevlak lê. Hy het ook twee groot werke oor sy reise in Siberië gepubliseer en meer as 500 voorheen onbekende plantsoorte beskryf.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Krasjeninnikof" title="Stepan Krasjeninnikof">Stepan Krasjeninnikof</a> het ná sy reise in Siberië die eerste volledige beskrywing van Kamtsjatka gegee en ook die plante en diere van die streek beskryf. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Danila_Antsiferof" title="Danila Antsiferof">Danila Antsiferof</a> was een van die eerste Russe wat die <a href="/wiki/Koeril-eilande" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeril-eilande">Koeril-eilande</a> besoek en hulle beskryf het.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1772 het <a href="/wiki/Johann_Georgi" title="Johann Georgi">Johann Gottlieb Georgi</a> verskeie soorte fauna en flora van Siberië beskryf en in 1776–1780 het hy die eerste omvattende werk oor die <a href="/wiki/Inheemse_volke" title="Inheemse volke">inheemse volke</a> geskryf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="19de_eeu">19de eeu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: 19de eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: 19de eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table bgcolor="#cccccc" style="float:right; border:1px solid white;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Jan_Czerski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jan_Czerski.jpg/112px-Jan_Czerski.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jan_Czerski.jpg/168px-Jan_Czerski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jan_Czerski.jpg/224px-Jan_Czerski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Iwan Tsjerski</figcaption></figure></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:VK_Arsenyev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/VK_Arsenyev.jpg/110px-VK_Arsenyev.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/VK_Arsenyev.jpg/165px-VK_Arsenyev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/VK_Arsenyev.jpg/220px-VK_Arsenyev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Wladimir Arsenjef</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Bunge" title="Alexander von Bunge">Alexander von Bunge</a> het in 1825–1829 die flora van Siberië en die Altaigebergte nagevors en in 1835 die <a href="/wiki/Wolga-rivier" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolga-rivier">Wolga</a>-<a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a> en die Strachan-streek.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1848 het <a href="/wiki/Gennadi_Newelskoi" title="Gennadi Newelskoi">Gennadi Newelskoi</a> ’n ekspedisie na die Russiese Verre-Ooste gelei waar hy onder meer die Sachalin-gebied verken het. Hy was ’n sleutelfiguur in die Russiese kolonialisasie van die streek. In 1886 het <a href="/wiki/Wladimir_Obroetsjef" title="Wladimir Obroetsjef">Wladimir Obroetsjef</a> na Siberië gereis en ná ’n halfeeu in die streek sy bevindings saamgevat in die uitgebreide <i>Die Geologie van Siberië</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Iwan_Tsjerski" title="Iwan Tsjerski">Iwan Tsjerski</a> is na Transbaikalië verban vir sy deelname aan ’n opstand van 1863 tot 1865 in die <a href="/wiki/Pools-Litause_Gemenebes" title="Pools-Litause Gemenebes">Pools-Litause Gemenebes</a> teen Rusland. Hy het verskeie streke verken en beskryf, die ontstaan van die Baikalmeer verduidelik en die eerste kaart van sy kus geteken.<sup id="cite_ref-Rfe_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rfe-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wladimir_Arsenjef" title="Wladimir Arsenjef">Wladimir Arsenjef</a> (1872–1930) het sowat 60 werke geskryf oor die geografie, dierelewe en etnografie van die Siberiese streke waardeur hy gereis het. </p><p>Ondanks dié ontdekkingsreise het Siberië ’n ylbevolkte gebied gebly waaroor min buite Rusland geskryf is. Die Russe wat aan die einde van die 19de eeu in Siberië gaan woon het, was jagters wat van Sentraal-Rusland weggevlug het op soek na vryheid, voortvlugtige misdadigers en <a href="/wiki/Ougelowiges" title="Ougelowiges">Ougelowiges</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vooruitgang_en_industrialisasie">Vooruitgang en industrialisasie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Vooruitgang en industrialisasie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Vooruitgang en industrialisasie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die eerste groot verandering in Siberië was die <a href="/wiki/Transsiberiese_Spoorlyn" title="Transsiberiese Spoorlyn">Transsiberiese Spoorlyn</a> wat in <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> gebou is. Dit het Siberië nouer verbind met die vinnig industrialiserende Rusland van <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_II_van_Rusland" title="Nikolaas II van Rusland">tsaar Nikolaas II</a>. Tussen 1801 en 1914 het ’n geskatte 7 miljoen setlaars van <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europese</a> Rusland na Siberië getrek, van wie 85% in die kwarteeu voor die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siberië is vol natuurlike hulpbronne en in die <a href="/wiki/20ste_eeu" title="20ste eeu">20ste eeu</a> is dit in ’n groot mate ontgin. Nywerheidsdorpe het regdeur die streek ontstaan.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rusland, en later die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetunie</a>, het ’n groot aantal <a href="/wiki/Konsentrasiekamp" title="Konsentrasiekamp">strafkampe</a>, bekend as die <a href="/wiki/Goelag" title="Goelag">Goelag</a>, in Siberië opgerig. Hulle was later so algemeen dat die naam "Siberië" sinoniem geraak het met verbanning en gedwonge arbeid. Die Sowjet-owerheid het miljoene mense, soms hele volke,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na Sentraal-<a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a> en Siberië verban. Meer as 18 miljoen mense was tussen 1929 en 1953 in die Goelag, terwyl nog 6 miljoen na ander afgeleë dele van die Sowjetunie verban is.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Toengoeska-voorval">Die Toengoeska-voorval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Toengoeska-voorval" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Die Toengoeska-voorval"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Toengoeska-voorval" title="Toengoeska-voorval">Toengoeska-voorval</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Tunguska_Ereignis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tunguska_Ereignis.jpg/180px-Tunguska_Ereignis.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tunguska_Ereignis.jpg/270px-Tunguska_Ereignis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tunguska_Ereignis.jpg/360px-Tunguska_Ereignis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Bome verskroei in die Toengoeska-voorval.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Toengoeska-voorval, of Toengoeska-ontploffing, was ’n kragtige ontploffing op 30 Junie 1908 om ongeveer 07:14 plaaslike tyd naby die <a href="/wiki/Toengoeskarivier" class="mw-redirect" title="Toengoeskarivier">Toengoeskarivier</a> (nou in die <a href="/wiki/Krasnojarsk-krai" title="Krasnojarsk-krai">Krasnojarsk-krai</a>). Die oorsaak van die voorval is steeds omstrede. Daar word egter algemeen aanvaar dat dit veroorsaak is deur die ontploffing van ’n groot <a href="/wiki/Meteoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteoor">meteoor</a> of ’n stuk van ’n <a href="/wiki/Komeet" title="Komeet">komeet</a> sowat 5–10 km bo die aardoppervlak. </p><p>Hoewel dit waarskynlik die grootste botsing met die aarde was in menseheugenis,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kon soortgelyke botsings in afgeleë oseaangebiede onopgemerk plaasgevind het voor die uitvinding van wêreldwye satelliet-moniteringstelsels in die 1960's en 1970's. Omdat die voorval in so ’n verafgeleë gebied plaasgevind het, was daar min verlies aan menselewens of skade aan eiendom, en is dit eers ’n paar jaar later behoorlik ondersoek. </p><p>Die eerste aangetekende ekspedisie het 13 jaar later plaasgevind. In 1921 het die Russiese <a href="/wiki/Delfstofkunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Delfstofkunde">delfstofkundige</a> Leonid Koelik op die toneel aangekom as deel van ’n ondersoek van die Russiese Wetenskapakademie. Hy het van plaaslike inwoners se vertellings afgelei dat die voorval veroorsaak is deur ’n reuse-meteoorbotsing. Hy het die Sowjetregering oorreed om ’n ekspedisie na die gebied te stuur om moontlike meteooryster te versamel vir die Sowjetnywerheid. </p><p>Dié ekspedisie het in 1927 in die gebied aangeland. Tot hul verbasing was daar geen <a href="/wiki/Krater" class="mw-disambig" title="Krater">krater</a> nie, maar net ’n gebied van sowat 50 km breed met verskroeide bome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie_en_geologie">Geografie en geologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie en geologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie en geologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Lakebaikalwinter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lakebaikalwinter.jpg/200px-Lakebaikalwinter.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lakebaikalwinter.jpg/300px-Lakebaikalwinter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lakebaikalwinter.jpg/400px-Lakebaikalwinter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Baikalmeer" title="Baikalmeer">Baikalmeer</a>, wat in die winter met ys bedek is.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vasyugan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Vasyugan.jpg/200px-Vasyugan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Vasyugan.jpg/300px-Vasyugan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Vasyugan.jpg/400px-Vasyugan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1452" data-file-height="870" /></a><figcaption>Die vlaktes van Wes-Siberië met die Wasjoeganrivier.</figcaption></figure> <p>Met ’n oppervlakte van sowat 14 miljoen vk. km beslaan Siberië sowat 77% van die totale oppervlakte van Rusland en amper 10% van die aarde se grondoppervlakte. Belangrike geografiese streke sluit in die Wes-Siberiese Vlakte en die Sentraal-Siberiese Plato. </p><p>Die <b>Wes-Siberiese Vlakte</b> bestaan uit hoofsaaklik slik en is besonder laag geleë, in so ’n mate dat ’n styging van 50 meter in die seevlak sal meebring dat die hele gebied tussen die <a href="/wiki/Noordelike_Yssee" class="mw-redirect" title="Noordelike Yssee">Noordelike Yssee</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nowosibirsk" title="Nowosibirsk">Nowosibirsk</a> oorspoel word. Die grond is baie nat en moerasagtig en meestal turfagtig. Die boomlose noordelike deel bestaan uit <a href="/wiki/Ysgrond" title="Ysgrond">ysgrond</a>, grond wat permanent bevrore is. In die suide, waar ysgrond in ’n groot mate afwesig is, het ryk graslande, wat ’n uitbreiding van die Kasakse <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">Steppe</a> is, die oorspronklike plantegroei gevorm (dis tans byna uitgeroei). </p><p>Die <b>Sentraal-Siberiese Plato</b> is ’n uiters antieke aardkors wat sowat 500 miljoen jaar gelede ’n aparte <a href="/wiki/Kontinent" title="Kontinent">kontinent</a> was. Dit is buitengewoon ryk aan <a href="/wiki/Mineraal" title="Mineraal">minerale</a> en bevat groot hoeveelhede <a href="/wiki/Goud" title="Goud">goud</a> en <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamante</a>, asook <a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel">nikkel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lood" title="Lood">lood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steenkool" title="Steenkool">steenkool</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">sink</a>. ’n Groot deel van die streek bestaan uit die <a href="/wiki/Siberiese_Trappe" title="Siberiese Trappe">Siberiese Trappe</a>, ’n groot <a href="/wiki/Vulkaan" title="Vulkaan">vulkaniese</a> gebied. Uitbarstings het min of meer ooreengestem met die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perm_(tydperk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perm (tydperk) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Perm</a>, die tyd van die grootste uitwissing van lewensvorme op aarde, en is een van die moontlike redes dat die meeste diere van dié tydperk gesterf het. Dit is een van die grootste bekende vulkaniese uitbarstings in die laaste 500 miljoen jaar van die aarde se bestaan en het sowat 'n miljoen jaar geduur. </p><p>Feitlik die hele streek lê onder buitengewoon diep ysgrond en ondanks die warm somers is die enigste bome wat hier kan groei, die bladwisselende Siberiese lorkeboom (<i>Larix sibirica</i>) met sy vlak wortelstelsel. Buiten in die verre noordweste bestaan die gebied hoofsaaklik uit <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">taiga</a>. </p><p>Oos- en Sentraal-<a href="/wiki/Sacha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacha">Sacha</a> bestaan uit verskeie noord-suid-bergreekse van verskillende ouderdomme. Die berge is tot amper 3 000 meter hoog, maar hoër as ’n paar honderd meter is daar feitlik geen plantegroei nie. In die laerliggende gebiede is daar verskeie valleie wat met lorkewoude bedek is, behalwe in die verre noorde, waar die <a href="/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra">toendra</a> voorkom. Die grond is hier hoofsaaklik ysgrond en behalwe by riviere is die aktiewe laag, waar plantegroei kan voorkom, minder as ’n meter diep. </p><p>Die hoogste punt in Siberië is die aktiewe <a href="/wiki/Vulkaan" title="Vulkaan">vulkaan</a> Kljoetsjefskaja Sopka op die <a href="/wiki/Kamtsjatka-skiereiland" title="Kamtsjatka-skiereiland">Kamtsjatka-skiereiland</a>. Dit is 4 649 meter hoog. </p><p>Russiese navorsers waarsku dat Wes-Siberië begin ontdooi het weens <a href="/wiki/Aardverwarming" title="Aardverwarming">aardverwarming</a>. Die bevrore turfmoerasse in hierdie streek bevat dalk biljoene ton <a href="/wiki/Metaan" title="Metaan">metaangas</a>, wat in die atmosfeer vrygestel kan word. Metaan is ’n kweekhuisgas wat 22 keer kragtiger is as <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdioksied" title="Koolstofdioksied">koolstofdioksied</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008 het ’n navorsingspan van die Amerikaanse Geofisiese Vereniging vlakke van metaan in die Siberiese Noordpoolstreek gemeet wat tot 100 keer hoër as normaal was.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#c0c0c0; color:#c0c0c0;">    </span>  Poolwoestyn </span><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#9fd6c9; color:#9fd6c9;">    </span>  Toendra </span><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#a7bddb; color:#a7bddb;">    </span>  Alpynse toendra </span><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#006d64; color:#006d64;">    </span>  Taiga </span><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#3c9798; color:#3c9798;">    </span>  Bergwoude </span><br /><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#a4e05d; color:#a4e05d;">    </span>  Gematigde breëblaarwoude </span><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#f7ec6f; color:#f7ec6f;">    </span>  Gematigde steppe </span><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#9b8447; color:#9b8447;">    </span>  Droë steppe </span><table style="width: 800px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Russia_vegetation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Russia_vegetation.png" decoding="async" width="533" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="163" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Die plantegroei in Siberië is hoofsaaklik <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">taiga</a>, met ’n <a href="/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra">toendra</a>-gordel aan die noordgrens, <br />en gematigde breëblaar- en gemengde woude in die suide.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Siberië se klimaat wissel drasties. Aan die noordkus, noord van die <a href="/wiki/Noordpool" title="Noordpool">Noordpoolsirkel</a>, is daar ’n baie kort somer (van omtrent ’n maand). Feitlik die hele Siberiese bevolking woon in die suide, al langs die <a href="/wiki/Transsiberiese_Spoorlyn" title="Transsiberiese Spoorlyn">Transsiberiese Spoorlyn</a>. Die klimaat is subarkties – die jaarlikse gemiddelde temperatuur is sowat 0°C, met die gemiddelde in Januarie -15°C en in Julie 20°C.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Met ’n betroubare groeiseisoen, baie sonskyn en buitengewoon vrugbare swart grond – wat in Russies чернозём (<i>tsjernozjom</i>) genoem word – kan landbou in Suid-Siberië vooruitstrewend wees, soos in die vroeë <a href="/wiki/20ste_eeu" title="20ste eeu">20ste eeu</a> bewys is. </p><p>Die suidwestewinde van Suid-Siberië bring warm lug van Sentraal-Asië en die Midde-Ooste. Die klimaat in Wes-Siberië (Omsk, Nowosibirsk) is verskeie grade hoër as in die ooste (Irkoetsk, Tsjita). Met die laagste gemete temperatuur van -71,2°C is <a href="/wiki/Oimjakon" title="Oimjakon">Oimjakon</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Sacha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacha">Republiek van Sacha (Jakoetië)</a> die koudste plek op aarde. Maar in ander streke kan dit tot 38°C word. Sacha is in die algemeen die koudste Siberiese streek en die laagste temperature word in die stroomgebied van die <a href="/wiki/Jana-rivier" class="mw-redirect" title="Jana-rivier">Jana-rivier</a> gemeet. Die ysgrond daar is tot 1 493 meter diep. </p><p>Reënval in Siberië is oor die algemeen laag, met meer as 500 mm per jaar slegs in Kamtsjatka, waar vogtige winde van die <a href="/wiki/See_van_Ochotsk" title="See van Ochotsk">See van Ochotsk</a> af waai, en in die grootste deel van <a href="/wiki/Primorski-krai" title="Primorski-krai">Primorje</a> in die suide, waar moesoninvloede swaar neerslae in die somer kan veroorsaak. Hoewel dit koud is, val min sneeu, veral in die oostelike binneland. </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <caption>Weerbesonderhede van Nowosibirsk, Siberië se grootste stad </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> Maand   </th> <th> Jan   </th> <th> Feb   </th> <th> Mrt   </th> <th> Apr   </th> <th> Mei   </th> <th> Jun   </th> <th> Jul   </th> <th> Aug   </th> <th> Sep   </th> <th> Okt   </th> <th> Nov   </th> <th> Des   </th> <th> Jaar   </th></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Hoogste gemiddelde (°C)</b>   </td> <td>-12,2 </td> <td>-10,3 </td> <td>-2,6 </td> <td>8,1 </td> <td>17,5 </td> <td>24,0 </td> <td>25,7 </td> <td>22,2 </td> <td>16,6 </td> <td>6,8 </td> <td>-2,9 </td> <td>-8,9 </td> <td>7,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Daaglikse gemiddelde (°C)</b>  </td> <td>-16,2 </td> <td>-14,7 </td> <td>-7,2 </td> <td>3,2 </td> <td>11,6 </td> <td>18,2 </td> <td>20,2 </td> <td>17,0 </td> <td>11,5 </td> <td>3,4 </td> <td>-6,0 </td> <td>-12,7 </td> <td>2,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Laagste gemiddelde (°C)</b>  </td> <td>-20,1 </td> <td>-19,1 </td> <td>-11,8 </td> <td>-1,7 </td> <td>5,6 </td> <td>12,3 </td> <td>14,7 </td> <td>11,7 </td> <td>6,4 </td> <td>0,0 </td> <td>-9,1 </td> <td>-16,4 </td> <td>-2,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Reënval (mm)</b>  </td> <td>19 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>36 </td> <td>58 </td> <td>72 </td> <td>66 </td> <td>44 </td> <td>38 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>442 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>Bron:</small> <sup id="cite_ref-Гидрометцентр_России_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Гидрометцентр_России-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mere_en_riviere">Mere en riviere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Mere en riviere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Mere en riviere"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li>Anabarrivier</li> <li>Angararivier</li> <li>Indigirkarivier</li> <li>Irtisjrivier</li> <li>Kolimarivier</li> <li>Baikalmeer</li> <li>Lenarivier</li> <li>Laer-Toengoeskarivier</li> <li>Nowosibirskdam</li> <li>Obrivier</li> <li>Popigairivier</li> <li>Klip-Toengoeskarivier</li> <li>Bo-Angararivier</li> <li>Oefs Nuur</li> <li>Janarivier</li> <li>Jeniseirivier</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bergreekse">Bergreekse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Bergreekse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Bergreekse"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li>Altaigebergte</li> <li>Anadirbergreeks</li> <li>Baikalgebergte</li> <li>Tsjamar-Daban</li> <li>Tsjerskibergreeks</li> <li>Dzjoegdzjoergebergte</li> <li>Gidangebergte</li> <li>Korjakgebergte</li> <li>Sajangebergte</li> <li>Tannoe-Ola-gebergte</li> <li>Oeralgebergte</li> <li>Werchojanskgebergte</li> <li>Jablonoigebergte</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graslande">Graslande</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Graslande" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Graslande"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Oekok-plato – deel van ’n <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>-<a href="/wiki/W%C3%AArelderfenisgebied" title="Wêrelderfenisgebied">Wêrelderfenisgebied</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dierelewe">Dierelewe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Dierelewe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Dierelewe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Amur_Tiger_Panthera_tigris_altaica_Cub_Walking_1500px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Amur_Tiger_Panthera_tigris_altaica_Cub_Walking_1500px.jpg/130px-Amur_Tiger_Panthera_tigris_altaica_Cub_Walking_1500px.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Amur_Tiger_Panthera_tigris_altaica_Cub_Walking_1500px.jpg/195px-Amur_Tiger_Panthera_tigris_altaica_Cub_Walking_1500px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Amur_Tiger_Panthera_tigris_altaica_Cub_Walking_1500px.jpg/260px-Amur_Tiger_Panthera_tigris_altaica_Cub_Walking_1500px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Die Siberiese tier.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Streifenhoernchen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Streifenhoernchen.jpg/130px-Streifenhoernchen.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Streifenhoernchen.jpg/195px-Streifenhoernchen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Streifenhoernchen.jpg/260px-Streifenhoernchen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1309" data-file-height="1397" /></a><figcaption>Die Siberiese eekhorinkie.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Mustela_erminea_upright.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mustela_erminea_upright.jpg/130px-Mustela_erminea_upright.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mustela_erminea_upright.jpg/195px-Mustela_erminea_upright.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mustela_erminea_upright.jpg/260px-Mustela_erminea_upright.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="1033" /></a><figcaption>Die hermelyn.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Ursus_thibetanus_3_(Wroclaw_zoo).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ursus_thibetanus_3_%28Wroclaw_zoo%29.JPG/130px-Ursus_thibetanus_3_%28Wroclaw_zoo%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ursus_thibetanus_3_%28Wroclaw_zoo%29.JPG/195px-Ursus_thibetanus_3_%28Wroclaw_zoo%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ursus_thibetanus_3_%28Wroclaw_zoo%29.JPG/260px-Ursus_thibetanus_3_%28Wroclaw_zoo%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Die Asiatiese swartbeer.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die uitgestrekte Siberië het ’n omvattende en uiteenlopende dierelewe. Baie spesies se dik pels, veral hul winterpels, is gesog vir mode-items. ’n Paar van die wilde diersoorte is: </p> <ul><li>Die <a href="/wiki/Siberiese_tier" title="Siberiese tier">Siberiese tier</a> (<i>Panthera tigris altaica</i>), wat vroeër deur die hele Wes- en Sentraal-<a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a> aangetref is, maar nou beperk is tot die Amoer-Oessoeri-streek van Primorski-krai in die Verre-Oos-Siberië, waar dit beskerm word.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Baikal-rob" title="Baikal-rob">Baikal-rob</a> (<i>Pusa sibirica</i>), wat inheems is aan die <a href="/wiki/Baikalmeer" title="Baikalmeer">Baikalmeer</a>. Dis die kleinste robspesie en hulle lewe die langste van alle robbe (tot 56 jaar vir wyfies).</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Ysbeer" title="Ysbeer">ysbeer</a> (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>), wat hoofsaaklik in die Noordpoolsirkel voorkom. Dit is die grootste <a href="/wiki/Karnivoor" title="Karnivoor">karnivoor</a> wat op land aangetref word. ’n Volwasse mannetjie weeg omtrent 350 tot 680 kg<sup id="cite_ref-Animal_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Animal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en wyfies die helfte soveel. Dit is nou verwant aan die <a href="/wiki/Bruinbeer" title="Bruinbeer">bruinbeer</a>, maar is aangepas vir uiters koue temperature en om oor sneeu en ys te beweeg. Dit kan net van see-ys af jag en bring dus ’n groot deel van die jaar op die bevrore see deur. Hulle dryf soms ver van hul habitat op die see-ys en van hulle is al tot by die <a href="/wiki/Koeril-eilande" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeril-eilande">Koeril-eilande</a> en die <a href="/wiki/See_van_Ochotsk" title="See van Ochotsk">See van Ochotsk</a> gesien.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Amoer-luiperd" title="Amoer-luiperd">Amoer-luiperd</a> (<i>Panthera pardus orientalis</i>), wat voorkom in die <a href="/wiki/Russiese_Verre-Ooste" class="mw-redirect" title="Russiese Verre-Ooste">Russiese Verre-Ooste</a>, asook in die bergagtige gebiede van die <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">taiga</a> en gematigde woude. Dis een van die skaarsste katsoorte in die wêreld en net sowat 30 tot 45 van hulle is in die natuur oor.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Siberiese_vlie%C3%ABnde_eekhoring" title="Siberiese vlieënde eekhoring">Siberiese vlieënde eekhoring</a> (<i>Pteromys volans</i>), wat van Wes-<a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Baltiese_lande" title="Baltiese lande">Baltiese lande</a> tot aan die kus van die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> aangetref word. Dis die enigste spesie vlieënde eekhorings wat in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> voorkom.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Siberiese_muskushert" title="Siberiese muskushert">Siberiese muskushert</a> (<i>Moschus moschiferus</i>), wat in die bergwoude van Noordoos-Asië voorkom, veral in die taiga van Suid-Siberië. Dit jag snags en migreer net oor kort afstande. Volwasse diere is klein en weeg van 7 tot 17 kg. Dit word gejag vir sy muskusklier, wat tot honderdduisende rande per kilogram kan haal, en is ’n bedreigde spesie.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Siberiese_eekhorinkie" title="Siberiese eekhorinkie">Siberiese eekhorinkie</a> (<i>Tamias sibiricus</i>), wat aangetref word in woude van Rusland tot in China, <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> en Noord-Japan, is die enigste lid van die genus <i>Tamias</i> wat buite <a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> aangetref word. Dit is 18 tot 25 cm lank, waarvan sy stert ’n derde uitmaak.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Siberiese_bergwesel" title="Siberiese bergwesel">Siberiese bergwesel</a> (<i>Mustela sibirica</i>), waarvan die hare gebruik word vir verfkwasse. Dit is bekend daarvoor dat dit snags boere se hoenders vang, vir sy slegte reuk en vir die bygeloof dat dit ’n wandelende gees is wat mense se siel kan steel.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Kamtsjatka-bruinbeer" title="Kamtsjatka-bruinbeer">Kamtsjatka-bruinbeer</a> (<i>Ursus arctos beringianus</i>), wat voorkom in Kamtsjatka, die <a href="/wiki/Koeril-eilande" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeril-eilande">Koeril-eilande</a>, wes van die See van Ochotsk en op die Sjantar-eilande. Dit is nou verwant aan die bruinbere van <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>. Kamtsjatka-bruinbere is van die mees gesogte diere om in Rusland te jag en kliënte betaal duisende rande om een te kan skiet.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Oos-Siberiese_bruinbeer" title="Oos-Siberiese bruinbeer">Oos-Siberiese bruinbeer</a> (<i>Ursus arctos collaris</i>), ’n subspesie van die bruinbeer wat voorkom in van Oos-Siberië tot die <a href="/wiki/Lena-rivier" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena-rivier">Lena-rivier</a> en Kolima, en oor die algemeen regoor <a href="/wiki/Jakoeti%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakoetië">Jakoetië</a> en die Altaigebergte.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Wasbeerhond" title="Wasbeerhond">wasbeerhond</a> (<i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i>), ’n lid van die Canidae-familie (wat <a href="/wiki/Hond" title="Hond">honde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolwe</a> en <a href="/wiki/Jakkals" class="mw-disambig" title="Jakkals">jakkalse</a> insluit), wat inheems aan Oos-Asië is. Dit het sy naam gekry vanweë sy ooreenkoms met die wasbeer (<i>Procyon lotor</i>), maar is nie naby daaraan verwant nie. Die wasbeerhond kom veral in woude voor in China, Korea, Japan en Noordoos-Rusland. Die gemiddelde volwasse dier is sowat 65 cm lank en wyfies skenk die lewe aan 15 kleintjies of meer op ’n slag.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Sabeldier" title="Sabeldier">sabeldier</a> of <b>sabel</b> (<i>Martes zibellina</i>), wat van die Oeralgebergte af dwarsdeur Siberië voorkom, asook in Noord-Mongolië, China en Japan. Dis histories gejag vir sy duur pels, wat vandag nog ’n luukse-item is en kan wissel van lig- tot <a href="/wiki/Donkerbruin" class="mw-redirect" title="Donkerbruin">donkerbruin</a>. Pelse word vandag hoofsaaklik verkry van diere in aanhouding.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Eurasiese_rooikat" title="Eurasiese rooikat">Eurasiese rooikat</a> (<i>Lynx lynx</i>), wat die grootste rooikatspesie is en van 81 tot 129 cm lank kan word. Dit het ’n grys tot rooi pels met swart kolle. Sowat 90% kom in Siberië voor en die res in China en <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a>.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Hermelyn" title="Hermelyn">hermelyn</a> (<i>Mustela erminea</i>) word aangetref regdeur die Arktiese streek in Europa, Asië en Noord-Amerika. Dit is lank en skraal gebou en is uiters vinnig. Dit is ook ’n sterk swemmer wat dikwels op eilande aangetref word. Sy pels is baie gesog.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Asiatiese_swartbeer" title="Asiatiese swartbeer">Asiatiese swartbeer</a> (<i>Ursus thibetanus</i>), ’n beer van gemiddelde grootte wat voorkom in dele van Suid-Asië, Noordoos-China, Japan en die Russiese Verre-Ooste. Dit word geklassifiseer as ’n kwesbare spesie.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Siberië is buitengewoon ryk aan <a href="/wiki/Mineraal" title="Mineraal">minerale</a> en bevat erts van byna alle waardevolle <a href="/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal">metale</a>. Dit het van die wêreld se grootste neerslae van <a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel">nikkel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goud" title="Goud">goud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lood" title="Lood">lood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steenkool" title="Steenkool">steenkool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silwer" title="Silwer">silwer</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">sink</a>, asook groot, onontginde <a href="/wiki/Olie" class="mw-disambig" title="Olie">olie</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">natuurlike gasbronne</a>. Die meeste hiervan kom voor in die koue en verafgeleë oostelike deel van die streek, met die gevolg dat dit moeilik en duur is om dit te ontgin. </p><p>Landbou word geweldig beperk deur die kort groeiseisoen in die grootste deel van die streek. In die suidweste, waar die swart grond vrugbaar en die klimaat meer gematig is, word <a href="/wiki/Koring" title="Koring">koring</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gort (bladsy bestaan nie)">gort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rog" title="Rog">rog</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aartappel" title="Aartappel">aartappels</a> verbou en word daar met <a href="/wiki/Skape" class="mw-redirect" title="Skape">skape</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bees" title="Bees">beeste</a> geboer. </p><p>Elders, waar voedselproduksie laag is weens die swak gehalte van die grond – hoofsaaklik <a href="/wiki/Podsol" title="Podsol">podsol</a> – en die kort groeiseisoen, word groot troppe <a href="/wiki/Rendier" title="Rendier">rendiere</a> aangehou. Siberië het die wêreld se grootste woude en <a href="/wiki/Hout" title="Hout">hout</a> bly een van die streek se vernaamste inkomstebronne. Die <a href="/wiki/See_van_Ochotsk" title="See van Ochotsk">See van Ochotsk</a> is ryk aan <a href="/wiki/Vis" title="Vis">vis</a> en 10% van die wêreld se <a href="/wiki/Visvang" title="Visvang">vis word hier gevang</a>. Vangste het egter afgeneem sedert die verbrokkeling van die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetunie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vervoer">Vervoer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Vervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Per_pad">Per pad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Wysig afdeling: Per pad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Per pad"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die <b>Baikal-snelweg</b> is ’n federale snelweg wat opgedeel is in die M51, M53 en M55 en verbind <a href="/wiki/Tsjeljabinsk" title="Tsjeljabinsk">Tsjeljabinsk</a> met <a href="/wiki/Tsjita" title="Tsjita">Tsjita</a>. Dit is deel van die Transsiberiese Snelweg, ’n netwerk paaie wat reg oor Rusland loop, en van die AH6-roete van die Asiatiese Snelwegnetwerk. </p><p>Die snelweg bestaan uit die volgende dele: </p> <ul><li>M51: Tsjeljabinsk-<a href="/wiki/Koergan" title="Koergan">Koergan</a>-Isjim-<a href="/wiki/Omsk" title="Omsk">Omsk</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nowosibirsk" title="Nowosibirsk">Nowosibirsk</a>, 1 528 km</li> <li>M53: Nowosibirsk-<a href="/wiki/Tomsk" title="Tomsk">Tomsk</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kemerowo" title="Kemerowo">Kemerowo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Krasnojarsk" title="Krasnojarsk">Krasnojarsk</a>-<a href="/wiki/Irkoetsk" title="Irkoetsk">Irkoetsk</a>, 1 860 km</li> <li>M55: Irkoetsk-<a href="/wiki/Oelan-Oede" title="Oelan-Oede">Oelan-Oede</a>-Tsjita, 1 113 km</li></ul> <p>Van Tsjita loop die <b>Amoer-snelweg</b>, die M58 (2 100 km), tot by <a href="/wiki/Chabarofsk" title="Chabarofsk">Chabarofsk</a> en van daar die <b>Oessoeri-snelweg</b>, die M60 (760 km), tot by <a href="/wiki/Wladiwostok" title="Wladiwostok">Wladiwostok</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Per_spoor">Per spoor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Wysig afdeling: Per spoor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Per spoor"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg/180px-Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg/270px-Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg/360px-Prokudin-Gorskii-25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3068" data-file-height="2347" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Transsiberiese_Spoorlyn" title="Transsiberiese Spoorlyn">Transsiberiese Spoorlyn</a> oor die Kamarivier naby <a href="/wiki/Perm" title="Perm">Perm</a> in <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Baie stede, soos <a href="/wiki/Petropawlofsk-Kamtsjatski" title="Petropawlofsk-Kamtsjatski">Petropawlofsk-Kamtsjatski</a>, kan nie per pad bereik word van ander Russiese of Asiatiese stede nie. Die beste manier om verafgeleë streke te verken is per reis op die <a href="/wiki/Transsiberiese_Spoorlyn" title="Transsiberiese Spoorlyn">Transsiberiese Spoorlyn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russies" title="Russies">Russies</a>: Транссибирская магистраль, <i>Transsibirskaja magistral</i>, of Транссиб, <i>Transsib</i>). Die trein ry tussen <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a> in die weste en <a href="/wiki/Wladiwostok" title="Wladiwostok">Wladiwostok</a> in die ooste en verbind Europese Rusland met die <a href="/wiki/Russiese_Verre-Ooste" class="mw-redirect" title="Russiese Verre-Ooste">Russiese Verre-Ooste</a>. </p><p>Die spoorlyn is 9 259 km lank, strek oor sewe <a href="/wiki/Tydsone" title="Tydsone">tydsones</a> en die trein ry ’n paar dae lank van die een punt na die ander.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit het tweedeklas-kompartemente met vier slaapbanke, eersteklas-kompartemente met twee slaapbanke en ’n eetwa. </p><p>Die Transsiberiese Spoorlyn het vier roetes: </p> <ul><li>Van die belangrikste plekke aan die <b>hoofroete</b> is (van wes na oos): Jaroslawl, Jekaterinburg, Omsk, Nowosibirsk, Krasnojarsk, Irkoetsk, Oelan-Oede, Tsjita en Chabarofsk.</li> <li>Die <b>Chinees-Oosterse Spoorlyn</b> verbind Rusland met China en verskaf ’n korter roete na Wladiwostok. Dit volg die roete van die Transsiberiese lyn tot by Tarskaja (sowat 1 000 km oos van die Baikalmeer). Van daar af loop dit suidoos na China en uiteindelik na <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> voor dit net voor Wladiwostok weer by die hoofroete aansluit.</li> <li>Die <b>Transmongoolse Spoorlyn</b> volg die hoofroete tot by Oelan-Oede aan die Baikalmeer. Van daar af loop dit suid na Oelaan-Baatar en uiteindelik suidoos na Beijing.</li> <li>In 1991 is ’n vierde roete geopen wat verder noord loop. Dis bekend as die <b>Baikal-Amoer-hooflyn</b> en breek weg van die Transsiberiese lyn by Taisjet, ’n paar honderd kilometer wes van die Baikalmeer. Daarna loop dit noord van die meer verby, oor die <a href="/wiki/Amoer-rivier" class="mw-redirect" title="Amoer-rivier">Amoer-rivier</a> by Komsomolsk-na-Amoere (noord van Chabarofsk) tot by die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Per_lug_en_water">Per lug en water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Wysig afdeling: Per lug en water" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Per lug en water"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stede wat nie aan die spoorlyn of snelweg lê nie, kan <a href="/wiki/Vliegtuig" title="Vliegtuig">per lug</a> bereik word. </p><p>Die Siberiese riviere was die hoofvervoerstelsel voor die 1730's, toe met die bou van paaie begin is. Die riviere was ook belangrik in die verkenning van Siberië deur ontdekkingsreisigers en die kolonialisasie van die uitgestrekte gebied deur Rusland. Die waterweë word steeds gebruik, maar veral vir vervoer tussen noord en suid asook na en van die Transsiberiese Spoorlyn. Hulle is egter vir groot dele van die jaar gevries en maak ’n klein en onbeduidende deel van die gebied se vervoerstelsel uit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nieu-Siberiese_Eilande" title="Nieu-Siberiese Eilande">Nieu-Siberiese Eilande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geskiedenis_van_Siberi%C3%AB" title="Geskiedenis van Siberië">Geskiedenis van Siberië</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Hierdie artikel is merendeels vertaal vanaf die Engelse Wikipedia-artikel <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" class="extiw" title="en:Siberia">en:Siberia</a></i></dd></dl> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00070/76500.htm?text=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C&encid=bse&stpar3=1.1">Die Groot Sowjet-ensiklopedie</a><sup><i>[dooie skakel]</i></sup> (in Russies). URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siberiantigernaturals.com/healingoils.htm">Helende olies van Siberië</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081018193336/http://www.siberiantigernaturals.com/healingoils.htm">Geargiveer</a> 18 Oktober 2008 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/brokminor/article/36/36372.html?text=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C">Die Brockhaus en Efron-Ensiklopediese Woordeboek</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200414063206/http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/brokminor/article/36/36372.html?text=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C">Geargiveer</a> 14 April 2020 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Russies). URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00070/76500.htm?text=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C&encid=bse&stpar3=1.1">Die Groot Sowjet-ensiklopedie</a><sup><i>[dooie skakel]</i></sup> (in Russies). URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/geography/article/geo/geo3/geo-4313.htm">Woordeboek van Moderne Geografiese Name</a><sup><i>[dooie skakel]</i></sup> (in Russies). URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9067598/Siberia">Siberia—Britannica se aanlyn-ensiklopedie</a>. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.questia.com/read/117045680?title=Siberia">Siberia–The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sesde uitgawe</a><sup><i>[dooie skakel]</i></sup>. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Volgens die 2002-sensus was daar 500 000 <a href="/wiki/Siberiese_Tartare" title="Siberiese Tartare">Tartare in Siberië</a>, maar 300 000 van hulle is Wolga-Tartare wat in die koloniasietydperk in Siberië gaan bly het.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://newasp.omskreg.ru/hist/fotatlas/rezumeen.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020227012304/http://newasp.omskreg.ru/hist/fotatlas/rezumeen.htm">Geargiveer</a> 27 Februarie 2002 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hunmagyar.org/turan/ssib.html">Etnografiese kaart van Siberië</a>. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,49709eae2,49749cc4c,0.html">Minderhede in Rusland – Boerjate</a>. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/HE27Ag01.html"><i>The Chinese are coming … to Russia</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090308052906/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/HE27Ag01.html">Geargiveer</a> 8 Maart 2009 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Asia Times. 27 Mei 2006. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010208072455/http://www.russianembassy.org/RUSSIA/religion.htm">Webwerf van die Russiese ambassade — <i>Godsdiens in Rusland</i></a>. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID=136974"><i>Planting Jewish roots in Siberia</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090827113526/http://www.fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID=136974">Geargiveer</a> 27 Augustus 2009 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_biography/43700/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2">Akademiese woordeboeke en ensiklopedieë</a> (in Russies). URL besoek op 17 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbaikal.ru/rus/region/history.html">Noord-Baikal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603060444/http://www.sbaikal.ru/rus/region/history.html">Geargiveer</a> 3 Junie 2013 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Russies). URL besoek op 17 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kamlib.ru/resourses/atlasov.htm">Russiese historici oor Wladimir Atlasof</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120827162609/http://www.kamlib.ru/resourses/atlasov.htm">Geargiveer</a> 27 Augustus 2012 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> deur N.W. Tolkatsjewa (in Russies). URL besoek op 17 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/brokgauz_efron/30144">Gmelin-familie</a> (in Russies). URL besoek op 17 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00003/72700.htm?text=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%20%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&encid=bse&stpar3=1.1">Die Groot Sowjet-ensiklopedie</a><sup><i>[dooie skakel]</i></sup> (in Russies). URL besoek op 17 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Александр Андреевич Бунге</i> - А.К. Сытин ; отв. ред. Р.В. Камелин. — М. : Наука, 2006. — <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/5020353108" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-02-035310-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rfe-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rfe_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John J. Stephan, <i>The Russian Far East: A History</i>, Stanford University Press, 1994, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0804727015" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8047-2701-5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Jce4rBWjG5wC&pg=PA315&dq=Jan+Czerski&lr=&as_brr=3&sig=6jZjgslYNUd-_RISjdN4fIcE6lI">Google Print, p.315</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/pss/1848991"><i>The Great Siberian Migration: Government and Peasant in Resettlement from Emancipation to the First World War</i></a>. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fiona Hill, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theglobalist.com/printStoryId.aspx?StoryId=3727">Russia — <i>Coming in from the Cold?</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715022142/http://www.theglobalist.com/printStoryId.aspx?StoryId=3727">Geargiveer</a> 15 Julie 2011 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Globalist, 23 Februarie 2004. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faqs.org/minorities/USSR/Deported-Nationalities.html">Verbanne volke</a>. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siteground206.com/~anneappl/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/gulag_ahistory_introduction.pdf">Anne Applebaum – <i>Gulag: A History</i>, inleiding</a>. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/11/books/review/11MINERT.html"><i>Gulag: The Other Killing Machine</i></a>. The New York Times. 11 Mei 2003. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap071114.html"><i>Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event</i></a>. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Sample <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2005/aug/11/science.climatechange1"><i>Warming hits tipping point</i></a>. <i>The Guardian</i>, 11 Aug 2005. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFConnor2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Connor, Steve (23 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509031421/https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/exclusive-the-methane-time-bomb-938932.html">"Exclusive: The methane time bomb"</a> (in Engels). The Independent. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/exclusive-the-methane-time-bomb-938932.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 9 Mei 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">13 Desember</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exclusive%3A+The+methane+time+bomb&rft.pub=The+Independent&rft.date=2008-09-23&rft.aulast=Connor&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fenvironment%2Fclimate-change%2Fexclusive-the-methane-time-bomb-938932.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASiberi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Shakhova, I. Semiletov, A. Salyuk, D. Kosmach, en N. Bel’cheva (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2007/01071/EGU2007-J-01071.pdf?PHPSESSID=e">Methane release on the Arctic East Siberian shelf</a>, <i>Geophysical Research Abstracts</i>, <b>9</b>, 01071.URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=043692&refer=">Historiese weer van Nowosibirsk</a>. weatherbase.com. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Гидрометцентр_России-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Гидрометцентр_России_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100114004501/http://meteoinfo.ru/novosibirskclimat">"Гидрометцентр России"</a> (in Russies). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meteoinfo.ru/NovosibirskClimat">die oorspronklike</a> op 14 Januarie 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">13 Desember</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeteoinfo.ru%2FNovosibirskClimat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASiberi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070322160629/http://www.pacificenvironment.org/article.php?list=type&type=83">"Altai: Saving the Pearl of Siberia"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacificenvironment.org/article.php?list=type&type=83">die oorspronklike</a> op 22 Maart 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">13 Desember</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Altai%3A+Saving+the+Pearl+of+Siberia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacificenvironment.org%2Farticle.php%3Flist%3Dtype%26type%3D83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASiberi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Animal-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Animal_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKindersley" class="citation book cs1">Kindersley, Dorling (2001,2005). <i>Animal</i>. New York City: DK Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-7894-7764-5" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-7894-7764-5"><bdi>0-7894-7764-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.isbn=0-7894-7764-5&rft.aulast=Kindersley&rft.aufirst=Dorling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASiberi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_book" title="Sjabloon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Gaan datum na in: <code class="cs1-code">|year=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#bad_date" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.amur-leopard.org/">http://www.amur-leopard.org/</a> URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poezda.net/en/web">GOS-spoorlynrooster</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090727140551/http://www.poezda.net/en/web">Geargiveer</a> 27 Julie 2009 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, roete No. 002, Moskou-Wladiwostok. URL besoek op 13 Desember 2009.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Siberia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Siberia">Siberië</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Siberia">Siberiese reisgids</a> van Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siberianexpedition.ca/">Siberian Expedition</a> – webwerf deur Benjamin Isitt</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trans-siberia.com/">Trans-Siberia</a> – Transsiberiese Spoorlyn</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.workingdogweb.com/Siberia.htm">Siberia's Land & Cultures</a> – talle artikels oor Siberië</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbase.com/dimitrisokolenko/siberia">Siberia</a> – foto's deur William Sokolenko</li></ul> <div style="display:none; right:10px;" class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="featured-star"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbladartikel" title="Hierdie artikel is gekies as 'n voorbladartikel. Klik gerus hier vir meer inligting."><img alt="Hierdie artikel is gekies as 'n voorbladartikel. 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position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siberië&oldid=2642892">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siberië&oldid=2642892</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Gebiede_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Kategorie:Gebiede van Asië">Gebiede van Asië</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Siberi%C3%AB" title="Kategorie:Siberië">Siberië</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorieë: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Engels_(en)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Engels (en)">AS1-bronne in Engels (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Russies_(ru)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Russies (ru)">AS1-bronne in Russies (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-foute:_datums" title="Kategorie:AS1-foute: datums">AS1-foute: datums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Kategorie:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Ko%C3%B6rdinate_op_Wikidata" title="Kategorie:Koördinate op Wikidata">Koördinate op Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Voorbladartikels" title="Kategorie:Voorbladartikels">Voorbladartikels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_GND-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met GND-identifiseerders">Artikels met GND-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LCCN-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders">Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NARA-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders">Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NKC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders">Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NLI-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NLI-identifiseerders">Artikels met NLI-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_SUDOC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders">Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Normdata_met_8_elemente" title="Kategorie:Normdata met 8 elemente">Normdata met 8 elemente</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 7 Januarie 2024 om 03:58 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. 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