CINXE.COM

Nicolas de Warren - Department of Philosophy

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data-settings="{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;ef1913c&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-241a721 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="241a721" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f15a23f elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-repeater" data-id="f15a23f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-repeater.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-repeater"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-repeater__items "><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-repeater__item"><div>Professor of Philosophy and Jewish Studies</div></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fae0da5 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="fae0da5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-multiline"><i class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__icon fas fa-location-arrow" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content">240 Sparks Building University Park, PA 16802</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-56dd12b elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-link" data-id="56dd12b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-link.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-link"><a href="mailto:njd15@psu.edu" class="jet-listing-dynamic-link__link"><i class="jet-listing-dynamic-link__icon far fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="jet-listing-dynamic-link__label">njd15@psu.edu</span></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ba219eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-dynamic-field" data-id="ba219eb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-listing-dynamic-field.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing jet-listing-dynamic-field display-inline"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__inline-wrap"><div class="jet-listing-dynamic-field__content"><h2>Professional Bio</h2> <div class="x_elementToProof" data-ogsc="rgb(0, 0, 0)">I have published four books: <i>Husserl and the Promise of Time </i>(2010), <i>A Momentary Breathlessness in the Sadness of Time </i>(2018), <i>Original Forgiveness </i>(2020), and <i>German Philosophy and the First World War</i> (2023). I am currently working on two book projects: a phenomenology of the afterlife that examines different senses in which, whether individually, collectively, or historically, the dead haunt the living; a study of the impact of the First World War on Proust's <i>À la recherche du temps perdu</i>. I am in the final stages of completing two co-authored books: <i>The Erosion of Trust and Truthfulness in the Age of Democratic Uncertainty </i>and <i>We Nuclear People: Responsibility for Nuclear Waste in the Vastness of Time</i>. I have published widely in the areas of phenomenology, ethics, 19<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> century philosophy, aesthetics, political philosophy, and literature. Among my most recent published papers:  “Cash Rules Everything Around Me: Georg Simmel’s The Philosophy of Money" (2024), “‘Grand, Ungodly, God-Like Man’: On the Symptomatology of Fanaticism" (2023), “On the Many Senses of the Political in Sartre’s Writings” (2023), and “Where were you when I laid earth’s foundations? Levinas and <i>The Book of Job</i>" (2022). I have also edited a number of volumes, most recently: <i>Phenomenologies of the Digital Age: The Virtual, the Fictional, the Magical </i>(2024) and <i>The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Euro</i>pe (2021).</div> <div data-ogsc="rgb(0, 0, 0)"></div> <h2><b><span data-contrast="auto">Documentary Films</span></b><span data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></h2> <p><i><span data-contrast="auto">The Socrates of Prague </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">documentary film (2017)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><i><span data-contrast="auto">The Great War and Modern Philosophy </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">16 documentary lecture films</span> <span data-contrast="auto">(2016) </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> <h2><b><span data-contrast="auto">Publications </span></b><span data-ccp-props="{}"> </span><span data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></h2> <h3><strong>Books </strong></h3> <p><i><span data-contrast="auto">German Philosophy and the First World War</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, (Cambridge University Press, 2023)</span><span data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> <p><i><span data-contrast="auto">Original Forgiveness</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2020)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">French translation in preparation</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><i><span data-contrast="auto">A Momentary Breathlessness in the Sadness of Time</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, (Vilnius: Jonas ir Jakubas, 2018)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Polish translation: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Obezwładniająca gorycz czasu – Nietzsche Krzysztofa Michalskiego</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, (Vilnius: Jonas ir Jakubas, 2022)</span></p> <p><i><span data-contrast="auto">Husserl and The Promise of Time: Subjectivity in Transcendental Phenomenology</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Romanian translation: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Husserl și promisiunea timpului. Subiectivitatea în fenomenologia transcendentală</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, trans. Alexander Bejinariu, (Budapest: Ratio Publication, 2020)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Italian translation: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Husserl e la promessa del tempo. La soggetttività nella fenomenologia transcendentale</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, trans. Stefano Vincini, (Pisa: Edizioni ETS, 2018)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Spanish translation in preparation</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:720}"> </span></p> <p><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <h3><strong>Edited Books</strong><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></h3> <p><i><span data-contrast="auto">The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Europe</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, eds. D. Meacham and N. de Warren, (London: Routledge, 2021)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><i><span data-contrast="auto">New Phenomenological Studies in Japan</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, eds. N. de Warren and S. Taguchi, (Dordrecht: Springer Verlag, 2019)</span></p> <p><i><span data-contrast="auto">Philosophers at the Front. Phenomenology and the First World War</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, eds. N. de Warren and T. Vongher, (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2018)</span></p> <p><i><span data-contrast="auto">New Approaches to Neo-Kantianism</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, eds. Nicolas de Warren and Andrea Staiti (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><i><span data-contrast="auto">Analysis and Phenomenon. Essays in Honor of Richard Cobb-Stevens</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, eds. Jeffrey Bloechl and </span><span data-contrast="auto">Nicolas de Warren</span><span data-contrast="auto"> (Dordrecht: Springer, 2015)</span></p> <p><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <h3><strong>Papers</strong></h3> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“‘Grand, Ungodly, God-Like Man’: On the Symptomatology of Fanaticism,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Fanaticism</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. P. Katsafanas (forthcoming 2023)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“‘You do me wrong to take me out o’ th’ grave’: The Forgiveness of Love in King Lear,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Phenomenologies of Love</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. Iulian Apostotelscu (Dordrecht: Springer Verlag forthcoming 2023)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Where were you when I laid earth’s foundations? </span><span data-contrast="auto">Levinas and The Book” Job</span><i><span data-contrast="auto"> Levinas 15 </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">(2022)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Intimacy of Disappearance,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Patocka and the Phenomenology of Life After Death</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (Dordrecht: Springer, 2023)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Atrocity Exhibition. Satan and the Unforgiveable in The Brothers Karamazov,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Rivista “Paradosso” - Le sfide del perdono</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">(2022)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“</span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Fiat cura, </span></i><i><span data-contrast="auto">et </span></i><i><span data-contrast="auto">pereat mundus</span></i><i><span data-contrast="auto">. </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">A Phenomenological Ethics of Care and Commitment,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Ethics and Empathy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (London: Rowman &amp; Littlefield, 2022)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“</span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Mag die Welt eine </span></i><i><span data-contrast="auto">Hölle</span></i><i><span data-contrast="auto"> sein. </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">Husserl’s Existential Ethics,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">The Existential Husserl</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">  (Dordrecht: Springer Verlag, 2022)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Critique in the Age of Paranoid Revolt” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Phenomenology as Critique</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (London: Routledge, 2022)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Philosophical Ornamentation. The Exemplification of </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Spirit of Utopia</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> in an Old Pitcher</span><b><span data-contrast="auto">,</span></b><span data-contrast="auto">” in </span><span data-contrast="auto">Exemplarity: A Pattern </span><span data-contrast="auto">o</span><span data-contrast="auto">f Thought </span><span data-contrast="auto">f</span><span data-contrast="auto">or Aesthetic Cognition, </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Discipline Filosofiche </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">XXXI, </span><span data-contrast="auto">(2021)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Europe: Myths, Mappings, and Meanings” (with Darian Meacham) in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Europe</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (London: Routledge, 2021)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Heresies of Jan Patocka’s </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Heretical Essays</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">” (in Lithuanian translation, forthcoming 2021)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“No Expiation without Blood. An Essay on Substitution and the Trauma of the Goodness in Levinas,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Levinas Studies </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">(2021)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“</span><span data-contrast="auto">The Dream, the Stranger, the Friend, and the Cat</span><span data-contrast="auto">. </span><span data-contrast="auto">Faktizität and Wirklichkeit in Martin Buber’s Dialogical Thinking</span><span data-contrast="auto">,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Faktum, Faktizität, Wirklichkeit: Phänomenologische Perspektiven</span></i> <span data-contrast="auto">(forthcoming 2021)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“</span><span data-contrast="auto">Die äusserste Feindschaft. Heidegger, Anti-Judaism, and the War to End All War,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Phenomenology, Empathy, Intersubjectivity: New Approaches</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. D. Moran</span> <span data-contrast="auto">(Berlin: Walter De Gruyter, forthcoming 2021)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Edmund Husserl,” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Kritika &amp; Kontext</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (forthcoming 2021)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“A Radiant Indifference of Being: The Mystical Fable of </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">The Passion According to G.H.</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Emotional Shocks</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, A. Falcato (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“‘I</span><span data-contrast="auto">f I am to </span><span data-contrast="auto">C</span><span data-contrast="auto">all </span><span data-contrast="auto">M</span><span data-contrast="auto">yself a </span><span data-contrast="auto">P</span><span data-contrast="auto">hilosopher</span><span data-contrast="auto">. Husserl’s Critical </span><span data-contrast="auto">Phenomenolog</span><span data-contrast="auto">y of </span><span data-contrast="auto">Reason</span><span data-contrast="auto"> in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Ideen I</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Husserlian Mind</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. H. Jacobs (London: Routledge, 2021)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Skepticism on Violence and Vigilance on Peace,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">(forthcoming 2021)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Le </span><span data-contrast="auto">devenir propre à la phénoménologie</span><span data-contrast="auto">,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Où va la philosophie française</span></i><i><span data-contrast="auto">?</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> eds. J. Cohen and R. Zagury-Orly (Paris: Vrin, forthcoming 2021)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“From Protection to Predation: Policing as the Pursuit of War by Other Means in the Third Reich in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Ethics of Policing</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, eds. E. Mendieta and B. Jones,</span> <span data-contrast="auto">(New York: New York University Press, forthcoming 2021)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Empire of Obviousness: Husserl, Common Sense, and the Natural Attitude,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Cambridge Companion to Common Sense</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, eds. R. van Woudenberg and R. Peels, (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2021).</span></p> <p><i><span data-contrast="auto">“</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">Der Meister der Wesenschau</span><b><span data-contrast="auto">: </span></b><span data-contrast="auto">Acts of Translation in Husserl’s Plato without Platonism</span><i><span data-contrast="auto">,”</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Husserl Studies</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, (2021)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Spirit in the Age of Technical Production,” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Interpreting Cassirer</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. S. Truwant (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Trust,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Routledge Handbook of Emotions</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. T. Szanto (London: Routledge, forthcoming </span><span data-contrast="auto">2020)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Can You Picture What Will Be?” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Riga Biennale</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (Berlin, Sternberg Press, forthcoming 2021)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Temporality in Husserl and Heidegger,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Routledge Handbook of Phenomenology</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, eds. B. Hopkins, C. Majolino, and D. de Santis (London: Routledge, 2020)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Virtuous Philosopher and the Chameleon Poet: Husserl and Hofmannsthal,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Husserl and Literature</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. K. Mendicino and R. Tobias (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2020)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Anarchy in the Name of Heidegger,” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">The Anglo-Saxon Reception of Heidegger</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. J. Rogove (New York: State University of New York Press, forthcoming 2021)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Life-World as Nexus of Trust,” (in Turkish translation) in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Sabah Ülkesi</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (2019)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Rupture and The Rapture: Eternity in Jan Patočka and Krzysztof Michalski” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica, </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">20(1) (2019), 151–177</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Husserl’s Awakening to Speech: Phenomenology as ‘Minor Philosophy’,” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">New Yearbook for Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy. Phenomenology, Idealism, and Intersubjectivity</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (London: Routledge, 2019)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Maturity of Stupidity. A Philosophical Attempt on Flaubert and Others,” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Avant. Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, Volume IX, Issue 2/2018</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“</span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Christ’s Wine Consists of German Blood. </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">The Sacrificial Narrative of Walter Flex’s </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">The Wanderer Between the Two Worlds,</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Metodo. International Studies in Phenomenology and Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, Vol. 6, No. 2, (2018), 127 – 172.</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Inquietude of Time and the Instance of Eternity: Husserl, Heidegger, and Levinas,” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">The Oxford Handbook of the History of Phenomenology</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. D. Zahavi, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Imaginations of Stupidity: Jules de Gaultier, Flaubert and </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Le Bovarysme</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">,” in </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Productive Imagination: Its History, Meaning and Significance</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, eds. S. Geniusas &amp; D. Nikulin (London: Rowman and Littlefield, 2018)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“</span><span data-contrast="auto">Die Mündigkeit der Dummheit. Madame Bovary und ihr Traum von wunderbarer Leidenschaft,</span><span data-contrast="auto">” trans. S. Lehmann, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Wespennest</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">. </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Idiotie</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, No. 174 (2018)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Fountainhead for Brentano’s </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Proteraesthesis</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> and Original Association in Aristotle’s Concept of Time,” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Aristotle 2400 Years Conference Proceedings</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. 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Claudio Majolino, in: “L’Autre Husserl,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Methodos 9</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (2009): 62-84</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“La crise de la raison et l’énigme du monde,” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Esquisses de la </span></i><i><span data-contrast="auto">Krisis</span></i><i><span data-contrast="auto">: Husserl et la science, le monde, l’ego</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, eds. F. De Gandt et C. Majolino (Paris: Vrin, 2008)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Tempo e memoria in Agostino e Husserl,” trans. Nicoletta Scapparone, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">La realtà del pensiero. Essenze, ragione e temporalità in Platone, Hegel e Husserl</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. Alfredo Ferrarin (Pisa: Edizioni ETS, 2007)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Off the Beaten Path: The Artworks of Andrew Goldsworthy,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Environmental Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, IV, 1&amp;2 (2007), 29-48</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Archaeology of Perception: McDowell and Husserl on Passive Synthesis,” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Problemi attuali della fenomenologia</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. Alfredo Ferrarin (Pisa: Edizioni ETS, 2007)</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“On Husserl’s Essentialism,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">International Journal of Philosophical Studies</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 14:2 (2006), 255-270</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Apocalypse of Hope: Political Violence in the Writings of Sartre and Fanon,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 27:1 (2006), 1-35</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Significance of Stern’s </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Präsenzzeit </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">for Husserl’s Phenomenology of Time-Consciousness,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">The New Yearbook for Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, V (2005), 81-122</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Heidegger’s Concept of Truth and the Logical Prejudice,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Research in Phenomenology</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 35 (2005), 351-360</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Review Essay of Von der Psychologie zur Phänomenologie,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Husserl Studies</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 21 (2005), 165-176</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Kant’s Resolution of Locke’s Impasse: Reflections on the Originality of Kant’s Understanding of Substance,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Kairos</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 24 (2004), 27-63</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Ad Infinitum: Boredom and the Play of the Imagination,” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Infinite Possibilities: Serial Imagery in 20th Century Drawings</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (Davis Museum: Wellesley, 2004), 1-14</span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“How Thinking Must Also Be: Authored Skepticism and the Authorization of Knowledge in Descartes,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Romance Quarterly</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 50:2 (2003), 149-159</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Rediscovery of Immanence: Remarks on the Appendix to the </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Logical Investigations</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">,” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Husserl’s Logical Investigations</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. Daniel O. Dahlstrom (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 2003), 147-166</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Husserl et la question du monde,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Kairos</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 22 (2003), 165-187 </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Idea of Responsibility,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Society</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, July/August (2002), 17-21 </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Philosophy and Human Perfection in the Cartesian Renaissance and its Modern Oblivion,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 22: 2 (2001), 185-212 </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <h3><strong>Book Reviews  </strong></h3> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Vladimir Jankélévitch’s </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Henri Bergson</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Notre Dame Philosophical Review </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">(2016.08.09; <a href="http://ndpr.nd.edu/news/68763-henri-bergson">http://ndpr.nd.edu/news/68763-henri-bergson</a>)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Bad Conscience,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Notre Dame Philosophical Review </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">(2015.23.04; </span><a href="https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/57348-the-bad-conscience/"><span data-contrast="auto">https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/57348-the-bad-conscience/</span></a><span data-contrast="auto">)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Geistigkeit, Leben und geschichtliche Welt in der Transzendentalphänomenologie Husserls,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Husserl Studies</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, (2012)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Small Change for Large Bills. A Review of the Husserl-Lexikon,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Tijdschrift voor Filosofie</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 73, (2011), 367-373</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">“Epistemology, Archaeology, Ethics: Current Investigations of Husserl's Corpus,” </span><i><span data-contrast="none">Notre Dame Philosophical Review</span></i><span data-contrast="none"> (2011.08.22; </span><span data-contrast="auto"><a href="http://ndpr.nd.edu">http://ndpr.nd.edu</a>)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Nature, Aesthetics, and Environmentalism. From Beauty to Duty,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Environmental Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, (2009), 162-166</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Husserl’s Phenomenology,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (2007.11.01; <a href="http://ndpr.nd.edu">http://ndpr.nd.edu</a>)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Laboratory Italy,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Journal of Modern Italian Studies</span></i><span data-contrast="auto"> (2008)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Edmund Husserl: Founder of Phenomenology,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 81: 4 (Fall, 2007), 681-685.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Sparkles from the Wheel,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Essays in Criticism</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 56:1 (2006), 102-110 </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Edmund Husserl &amp; Eugen Fink: Beginnings and Endings in Phenomenology,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Journal of the History of Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 43:4 (2005), 496-497</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Personne et sujet selon Husserl,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Review of Metaphysics</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 53:2 (December 1999)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Inordinance of Time,” </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Continental Philosophy Review</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 32:2 (1999), 211-217</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <h3><strong>Translations </strong><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></h3> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Correspondence between Jan Patocka and Krzysztof Michalski,” in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">The New Year Book for Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, Vol. 14 (2015)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Nostalgia of the Front,” Pierre Teilhard der Chardin, in: ed. Michael Staudigl, </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Face of Violence</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, (Leiden: Brill, 2013)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Origins of the Phenomenological Reduction in Husserl,” Tran Duc Thao, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Graduate Faculty Journal of Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, (2010) (from French to English)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Existentialism and Dialectic Materialism,” Tran Duc Thao, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Graduate Faculty Journal of Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, (2010) (from French to English)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Marxism and Phenomenology,” Tran Duc Thao, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Graduate Faculty Journal of Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, (2010) (from French to English)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Husserl and the Vicissitudes of the Improper,” Claudio Majolino, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">New Yearbook for Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, (2010) (from French to English)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto"> “Jacobi and Hegel: The problem of representation and communication for a philosophy of the absolute,” Volker Rühle, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Routledge Collection of Essays on German Idealism, </span></i><span data-contrast="auto">(2008) (from German into English)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Cerebral Asymmetry, Monstrosity and Hegel. The Sciences of Life Around 1800,” Michael Hagner, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Monsters and Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. C. Wolfe (College Publications: London, 2005), 205-216 (from German into English)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto"> “Mental Presence-Time,” William Stern, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">The New Yearbook for Phenomenology and Phenomenological Research</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, V (2005), 325-351 (from German to English)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“The Iraq War and the French Left,” Michael Taubman, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">A Matter of Principle</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. T. Cushman (University of California Press: Berkeley, 2005) (from French into English)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto"> “The Reason of the Gift,” Jean-Luc Marion, (with Shane Mackinlay) in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Givenness and God</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, eds. Leask and Cassidy (Fordham University Press: New York, 2005), 101-134 (from French to English)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Philosophy and Literature in Francophone Africa,” Jean-Godfroy Bidima, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Blackwell Companion to African Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. K. Wiredu (Blackwell: Oxford, 2004) (from French into English) </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Husserl’s Theory of Meaning in the First Logical Investigations,” Jocelyn Benoist, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Husserl’s Logical Investigations</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, ed. Daniel O. Dahlstrom, (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 2003) (from French into English)</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">“Can Art Investigate the Brain?,” Martina Siebert, published on-line at: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030122222708/http://www.artbrain.org:80/journal/siebert.html">http://www.artbrain.org/journal/siebert.html</a> (from German into English) </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto"> “From Matter to Materiality According to Canguilhem,” Guillaume Le Blanc, in: </span><i><span data-contrast="auto">Graduate Faculty</span></i> <i><span data-contrast="auto">Journal of Philosophy</span></i><span data-contrast="auto">, 22:1 (2000) (from French into English) </span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}"> </span></p> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div 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