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<li id="toc-Satellite_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satellite_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Satellite development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satellite_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Net_neutrality_criticism_in_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Net_neutrality_criticism_in_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Net neutrality criticism in India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Net_neutrality_criticism_in_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Participants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Participants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Expanding_Internet_access" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expanding_Internet_access"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Expanding Internet access</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expanding_Internet_access-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_experience_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_experience_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>User experience research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_experience_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="إنترنت دوت أورج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنترنت دوت أورج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F.%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="ইন্টারনেট.অর্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্টারনেট.অর্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.org" title="Internet.org – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Internet.org" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.org" title="Internet.org – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internet.org" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Basics_by_Facebook" title="Free Basics by Facebook – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Free Basics by Facebook" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.org" title="Internet.org – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Internet.org" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Basics" title="Free Basics – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Free Basics" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.org" title="Internet.org – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Internet.org" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇന്റർനെറ്റ്.ഓർഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്റർനെറ്റ്.ഓർഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.org" title="Internet.org – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Internet.org" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Basics" title="Free Basics – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Free Basics" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.org" title="Internet.org – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Internet.org" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.org" title="Internet.org – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Internet.org" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D.%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="இன்டெர்னெட்.ஆர்க் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இன்டெர்னெட்.ஆர்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.org" title="Internet.org – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Internet.org" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Facebook and a group of zero-rated third-party websites that vary by country</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Free Basics" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/FreeBASIC" title="FreeBASIC">FreeBASIC</a>. For Facebook's stripped-down zero data charge mobile version, see <a href="/wiki/Facebook_Zero" title="Facebook Zero">Facebook Zero</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Internet.org</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Internet_org_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Internet_org_logo.svg/250px-Internet_org_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Internet_org_logo.svg/500px-Internet_org_logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="89" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mission_statement" title="Mission statement">Mission statement</a></th><td class="infobox-data">"Connecting the world"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type of project</th><td class="infobox-data">Affordable access to Internet services</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Free Basics</li><li><a href="/wiki/Express_Wi-Fi" title="Express Wi-Fi">Express Wi-Fi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">August 20, 2013<span class="noprint">; 11 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2013-08-20</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://internet.org">internet<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the top level domain on the internet, see <a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">.org</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_organizations" title="List of Internet organizations">List of Internet organizations</a>.</div> <p><b>Internet.org</b> is a partnership between <a href="/wiki/Social_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking">social networking</a> services company <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a> and six companies (<a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/MediaTek" title="MediaTek">MediaTek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera Software">Opera Software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a>) that plans to bring affordable access to selected Internet services to less developed countries by increasing efficiency, and facilitating the development of new business models around the provision of Internet access.<sup id="cite_ref-about_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-launch-techcrunch_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-launch-techcrunch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">app</a> delivering these services was renamed <b>Free Basics</b> in September 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of April 2018, 100 million people were using internet.org.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been criticized for violating net neutrality, and by handpicking internet services that are included, for discriminating against companies not in the list, including competitors of Meta Platforms' subsidiary Facebook.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2016, regulators banned the Free Basics service in India based on "Prohibition of Discriminatory Tariffs for Data Services Regulations".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Telecom_Regulatory_Authority_of_India" title="Telecom Regulatory Authority of India">Telecom Regulatory Authority of India</a> (TRAI) accused Facebook of failing to pass on the four questions in the regulator's consultation paper and also blocking access to TRAI's designated email for feedback on Free Basics.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 11, 2016, Facebook withdrew the Free Basics platform from India.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2017, <a href="/wiki/Global_Voices_(NGO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Voices (NGO)">Global Voices</a> published the widespread<sup id="cite_ref-:5_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> report<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Free Basics in Real Life" analyzing its practices in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and concluding it violates net neutrality, focuses on "Western corporate content",<sup id="cite_ref-:5_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and overall "it's not even very helpful".<sup id="cite_ref-:6_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet.org&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia_en_Free_Basics_M%C3%A9xico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Wikipedia_en_Free_Basics_M%C3%A9xico.jpg/220px-Wikipedia_en_Free_Basics_M%C3%A9xico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Wikipedia_en_Free_Basics_M%C3%A9xico.jpg/330px-Wikipedia_en_Free_Basics_M%C3%A9xico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Wikipedia_en_Free_Basics_M%C3%A9xico.jpg/440px-Wikipedia_en_Free_Basics_M%C3%A9xico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Mobile with Free Basics zero rating plan showing Spanish Wikipedia main page in Mexico</figcaption></figure> <p>Internet.org was launched on August 20, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-launch-techcrunch_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-launch-techcrunch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-launch-venturebeat_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-launch-venturebeat-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zuckerberg-whitepaper_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zuckerberg-whitepaper-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of launch, Facebook's founder and CEO <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> released a ten-page whitepaper he had written elaborating on the vision that asserts that connectivity is a "human right".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the paper, he wrote that Internet.org was a further step in the direction of Facebook's past initiatives, such as <a href="/wiki/Facebook_Zero" title="Facebook Zero">Facebook Zero</a>, to improve Internet access for people around the world. </p><p>During <i><a href="/wiki/TechCrunch_Disrupt" class="mw-redirect" title="TechCrunch Disrupt">TechCrunch Disrupt</a></i> on September 11, 2013 Zuckerberg elaborated further on his vision.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a> blog compared Internet.org with <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Project_Loon" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Loon">Project Loon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-launch-techcrunch_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-launch-techcrunch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zuckerberg also released a video on September 30, 2013 explaining Internet.org's goal of making the Internet 100 times more affordable.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 24, 2014, shortly before a keynote presentation by Zuckerberg at the <a href="/wiki/Mobile_World_Congress" title="Mobile World Congress">Mobile World Congress</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> on February 24, 2014, Internet.org unveiled several new projects: an education partnership called SocialEDU with <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> and local carrier <a href="/wiki/AirTel" class="mw-redirect" title="AirTel">AirTel</a>, <a href="/wiki/EdX" title="EdX">edX</a>, and the government in <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>; a project with <a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a> in India; and a new Internet.org Innovation Lab with <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California" title="Menlo Park, California">Menlo Park</a> HQ.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the presentation, Zuckerberg says that <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>'s recent acquisition of mobile messaging app <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a> for $19 billion was closely related to the Internet.org vision.<sup id="cite_ref-techcrunch-whatsapp-io_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techcrunch-whatsapp-io-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2015, Facebook announced the Internet.org Platform, an open program for developers to easily create services that integrate with Internet.org. This was seen by commentators as a response to concerns raised over <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-platform-announce-tc_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-platform-announce-tc-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Participating websites must meet three criteria:<sup id="cite_ref-platform-announce_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-platform-announce-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Explore the entire internet (so as to give users a taste of the wider Internet and therefore help them see the value of the Internet),</li> <li>Efficiency of data use (so that it would be economical for carriers to allow free access to the websites), and</li> <li>Technical specifications: optimized for browsing on a wide range of devices including smartphones and less sophisticated mobile devices, and should not be dependent on <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> or <a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satellite_development">Satellite development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet.org&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Satellite development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 27, 2014, Facebook announced a connectivity lab as part of the Internet.org initiative, with the goal of bringing the Internet to everybody via drones, acquired from the company Ascenta.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tc-connectivity_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tc-connectivity-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also communicated by the Connectivity Lab, that, besides using drones, low-Earth orbit and geosynchronous satellites would also be part of the project, for establishing internet connectivity in other areas. All three systems would rely on <a href="/wiki/Free_space_optics" class="mw-redirect" title="Free space optics">free space optics</a> (FSO). In free space optics, the signal is sent in a compact bundle of infrared light<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/Mobile_World_Congress" title="Mobile World Congress">Mobile World Congress</a> March 2015, Mark Zuckerberg says that the Internet.org initiative was "willing to work" with <a href="/wiki/Project_Loon" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Loon">Project Loon</a> (Google's project to use high-altitude balloons to provide people cheaper Internet access) but emphasizes that in his view, the real work is in partnering with existing telecommunications companies to improve access and reduce costs for people already within range of a network, which he estimates at over 80% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zuck-disses-loon_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zuck-disses-loon-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2015, Facebook and Eutelsat leased the entire Ka-band capacity (36 spot beams with a total throughput of 18 Gbit/s) on the planned <a href="/wiki/AMOS-6" class="mw-redirect" title="AMOS-6">AMOS-6</a> satellite to provide access to parts of Africa<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spacenews20151006_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spacenews20151006-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AMOS-6 was intended to be launched on <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_flight_29" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon 9 flight 29">flight 29</a> of a <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Full_Thrust" title="Falcon 9 Full Thrust">Falcon 9</a> to <a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_transfer_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Geosynchronous transfer orbit">geosynchronous transfer orbit</a> on 3 September 2016. However, on 1 September 2016, during the run-up to a <a href="/wiki/Static_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Static fire">static fire</a> test, there was an anomaly on the launch pad resulting in a fire and the loss of the vehicle and its payload, AMOS-6. There were no injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Malik_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malik-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2016, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> had exited Facebook's Free Basics platform in Zambia. They were included in the initial trial of this project, which was first launched in Zambia.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Net_neutrality_criticism_in_India">Net neutrality criticism in India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet.org&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Net neutrality criticism in India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Internet.org summit was held on 9 October 2014 in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India. The primary objective of this summit was to bring together experts, officials and industry leaders to focus on ways to deliver more Internet services for people in languages other than English. Zuckerberg also met Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> to talk about how Facebook and the Indian government can collaborate on Internet.org.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015 After a lot of criticism of Internet.org which has a partnership with Reliance in India, Mark Zuckerberg replied in an article for <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i> stating that Internet.org and net neutrality can co-exist and Internet.org will never differentiate between services.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His claims were contested by many response articles, including one published in the <i>Hindustan Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-tech.firstpost.com_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tech.firstpost.com-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2015, the Internet.org Platform, open to participation by any developers meeting specified guidelines, was announced. Some commentators viewed this announcement as a response to the net neutrality concerns expressed.<sup id="cite_ref-platform-announce-tc_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-platform-announce-tc-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">PMO</a> has expressed displeasure at Facebook's reaction to and handling of TRAI's consultation paper, calling it a crudely majoritarian and orchestrated opinion poll.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An Indian journalist, in his reply to Mark Zuckerberg's article defending Internet.org in India, criticized Internet.org as "being just a Facebook proxy targeting India's poor" as it provides restricted Internet access to Reliance Telecom's subscribers in India.<sup id="cite_ref-tech.firstpost.com_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tech.firstpost.com-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until April 2015, Internet.org users could access (for free) only a few websites, and Facebook's role as gatekeeper in determining what websites were in that list was criticised for violating <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a>. In May 2015, Facebook announced that the Free Basics Platform would be opened to websites that met its criteria.<sup id="cite_ref-platform-announce-tc_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-platform-announce-tc-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2015, some Indian startups started pulling out of Internet.org to protect <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nn-verge_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nn-verge-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nn-bi_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nn-bi-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nn-hngn_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nn-hngn-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Telecom_Regulatory_Authority_of_India" title="Telecom Regulatory Authority of India">Telecom Regulatory Authority of India</a> (TRAI) in January 2016 criticized Facebook for its misleading commercials and <a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">astroturfing</a> the Free Basics campaign. TRAI accused Facebook of failing to pass on the four questions in the regulator's consultation paper and also blocking access to TRAI's designated email for feedback on Free Basics.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 8, 2016, TRAI banned the Free Basics service in India based on "Prohibition of Discriminatory Tariffs for Data Services Regulations, 2016" notification.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 11, 2016 Facebook withdrew the Free Basics platform from India.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2017, Facebook, in partnership with Indian telecoms operator <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Bharti Airtel</a>, launched a service under the <a href="/wiki/Express_Wi-Fi" title="Express Wi-Fi">Express Wi-Fi</a> banner.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participants">Participants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet.org&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Participants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is a selective history of launch dates and participating mobile networks: </p> <ul><li>July 2014: <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October 2014: <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>November 2014: <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>January 2015: <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>January 2015: <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Airtel_(Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Airtel (Africa)">Airtel</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>10 February 2015: <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> with <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Communications" title="Reliance Communications">Reliance Communications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Service permanently banned by <a href="/wiki/Telecom_Regulatory_Authority_of_India" title="Telecom Regulatory Authority of India">TRAI</a> one year later.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>18 March 2015 and 7 October 2015: <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> with <a href="/wiki/Smart_Communications" title="Smart Communications">Smart Communications</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Globe_Telecom" title="Globe Telecom">Globe Telecom</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>31 March 2015: <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> with <a href="/wiki/Tigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigo">Tigo</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>20 April 2015: <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> with <a href="/wiki/Indosat" title="Indosat">Indosat</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>10 May 2015 – 18 July 2020: <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> with <a href="/wiki/Robi_(company)" title="Robi (company)">Robi</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>13 May 2015: <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> with <a href="/wiki/Telekom_Networks_Malawi" title="Telekom Networks Malawi">TNM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airtel" class="mw-redirect" title="Airtel">Airtel</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>28 May 2015 and 26 March 2016: <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> with <a href="/wiki/Telenor_Pakistan" title="Telenor Pakistan">Telenor Pakistan</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Zong_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zong Pakistan">Zong Pakistan</a> respectively<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>5 June 2015: <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> with <a href="/wiki/Tigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigo">Tigo</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>19 June 2015: <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> with VIVA<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>22 June 2015: <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> with <a href="/wiki/Movicel" title="Movicel">Movicel</a><sup id="cite_ref-cellc.co.za_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cellc.co.za-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1 July 2015: <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cell_C" title="Cell C">Cell C</a><sup id="cite_ref-cellc.co.za_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cellc.co.za-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>18 October<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> – 30 December 2015: <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> with <a href="/wiki/Etisalat" title="Etisalat">Etisalat</a>. Service terminated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Telecommunications_Regulatory_Authority" title="National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority">NTRA</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after Facebook refused to offer surveillance capabilities for the government.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>16 December 2015: <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> with <a href="/wiki/Korek_Telecom" title="Korek Telecom">Korek Telecom</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>10 May 2016: <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> with <a href="/wiki/Airtel_Africa" title="Airtel Africa">Airtel Africa</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2 June 2016: <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bip_(telecommunications)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bip (telecommunications) (page does not exist)">Bip</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 2016: <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> with <a href="/wiki/Myanma_Posts_and_Telecommunications" title="Myanma Posts and Telecommunications">Myanma Posts and Telecommunications</a></li> <li>February 2017: <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> with Etisalat Nigeria<sup id="cite_ref-Wednesday_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wednesday-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>March 2017: <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ooredoo_Algeria" title="Ooredoo Algeria">Ooredoo</a></li> <li>April 2017: <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_Belarus_(Telecom)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Life Belarus (Telecom) (page does not exist)">life:)</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet.org&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expanding_Internet_access">Expanding Internet access</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet.org&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Expanding Internet access"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An article published on <i><a href="/wiki/Datamation" title="Datamation">Datamation</a></i> in August 2013 discussed Internet.org in relation to past accessibility initiatives by Facebook and Google such as <a href="/wiki/Facebook_Zero" title="Facebook Zero">Facebook Zero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google_Free_Zone" title="Google Free Zone">Google Free Zone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Project_Loon" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Loon">Project Loon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internet.org and Project Loon have been described as being engaged in an Internet space race.<sup id="cite_ref-drone-vs-loon_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drone-vs-loon-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have also been technical debates about the relative feasibility and value of using balloons (as championed by Project Loon) instead of drones,<sup id="cite_ref-drone-vs-loon_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drone-vs-loon-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> favoring drones.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2013, <a href="/wiki/David_Talbot" title="David Talbot">David Talbot</a> wrote a detailed article for <i><a href="/wiki/Technology_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology Review">Technology Review</a></i> titled <i>Facebook's Two Faces: Facebook and Google Aim to Fix Global Connectivity, but for Whom?</i> about Internet.org and other Internet accessibility initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_experience_research">User experience research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet.org&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: User experience research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, researchers evaluating how Facebook Zero shapes <i>information and communication technologies</i> (ICT)<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usage in the developing world found that 11% of Indonesians who said they used Facebook also said they did not use the Internet. 65% of Nigerians, and 61% of Indonesians agree with the statement that "Facebook is the Internet" compared with only 5% in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet.org&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airtel_Zero" title="Airtel Zero">Airtel Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Affordable_Internet" title="Alliance for Affordable Internet">Alliance for Affordable Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Zero" title="Facebook Zero">Facebook Zero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Express_Wi-Fi" title="Express Wi-Fi">Express Wi-Fi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fon_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fon (company)">Fon (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geostationary_balloon_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Geostationary balloon satellite">Geostationary balloon satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Free_Zone" title="Google Free Zone">Google Free Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guifi.net" title="Guifi.net">Guifi.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O3b_Networks" title="O3b Networks">O3b Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Compute_Project" title="Open Compute Project">Open Compute Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outernet" class="mw-redirect" title="Outernet">Outernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Loon" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Loon">Project Loon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Infra_Project" title="Telecom Infra Project">Telecom Infra Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero" title="Wikipedia Zero">Wikipedia Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-rating" title="Zero-rating">Zero-rating</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet.org&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-about-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-about_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.internet.org">"Internet.org: About"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meta_Platforms99" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meta_Platforms" title="Template:Meta Platforms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meta_Platforms" title="Template talk:Meta Platforms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meta_Platforms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meta Platforms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meta_Platforms99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products<br />and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features" title="List of Facebook features">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Beacon" title="Facebook Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Bluetooth_Beacon" title="Facebook Bluetooth Beacon">Bluetooth Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Credits" title="Facebook Credits">Credits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Dating" title="Facebook Dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EdgeRank" title="EdgeRank">EdgeRank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_(Facebook)" title="Feed (Facebook)">Feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features#Facebook_Gaming" title="List of Facebook features">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Graph_Search" title="Facebook Graph Search">Graph Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Instant_Articles" title="Facebook Instant Articles">Instant Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">Like button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features#Live_streaming" title="List of Facebook features">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookalike_audience" title="Lookalike audience">Lookalike audience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_onion_address" title="Facebook onion address">Onion address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Platform" title="Facebook Platform">Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Platform#Facebook_Connect" title="Facebook Platform">Connect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Safety_Check" title="Facebook Safety Check">Safety Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Stories" title="Facebook Stories">Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Watch" title="Facebook Watch">Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_Watch_original_programming" title="List of Facebook Watch original programming">list of original programs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Zero" title="Facebook Zero">Zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlapse_(application)" title="Hyperlapse (application)">Hyperlapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGTV" title="IGTV">IGTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts" title="List of most-followed Instagram accounts">List of most-followed accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-liked_Instagram_posts" title="List of most-liked Instagram posts">List of most-liked pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threads_(social_network)" title="Threads (social network)">Threads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Portal" title="Meta Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest" title="Meta Quest">Meta Quest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Quest 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_2" title="Quest 2">Quest 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3" title="Meta Quest 3">Quest 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_Pro" title="Meta Quest Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Touch" title="Oculus Touch">Touch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray-Ban_Stories" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray-Ban Stories">Ray-Ban Stories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Express_Wi-Fi" title="Express Wi-Fi">Express Wi-Fi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Free Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_(software)" title="Messenger (software)">Messenger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_Kids" title="Messenger Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_(software)#Messenger_Rooms" title="Messenger (software)">Rooms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapillary" title="Mapillary">Mapillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_AI" title="Meta AI">Meta AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Horizon OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Within_(company)" title="Within (company)">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_(software)" title="Workplace (software)">Workplace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Solutions" title="Atlas Solutions">Atlas Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FriendFeed" title="FriendFeed">FriendFeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giphy" title="Giphy">Giphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Home" title="Facebook Home">Home</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTC_First" title="HTC First">HTC First</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_(virtual_assistant)" title="M (virtual assistant)">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Oculus Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_CV1" title="Oculus Rift CV1">CV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_S" title="Oculus Rift S">S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onavo" title="Onavo">Onavo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Paper" title="Facebook Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Slingshot" title="Facebook Slingshot">Slingshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbh_(app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tbh (app)">tbh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirehog" title="Wirehog">Wirehog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (28% equity)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Moskovitz" title="Dustin Moskovitz">Dustin Moskovitz</a> (7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Saverin" title="Eduardo Saverin">Eduardo Saverin</a> (<i>5%, formerly</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hughes" title="Chris Hughes">Chris Hughes</a> (<i>1%, formerly</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McCollum" title="Andrew McCollum">Andrew McCollum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Arnold" title="John D. Arnold">John D. Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elkann" title="John Elkann">John Elkann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Houston" title="Drew Houston">Drew Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Killefer" title="Nancy Killefer">Nancy Killefer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Kimmitt" title="Robert M. Kimmitt">Robert M. Kimmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hock_Tan" title="Hock Tan">Hock Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_White" title="Dana White">Dana White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Xu" title="Tony Xu">Tony Xu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg" title="Sheryl Sandberg">Sheryl Sandberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Peter Thiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive<br />officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (Chairman and CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Olivan" title="Javier Olivan">Javier Olivan</a> (COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bosworth" title="Andrew Bosworth">Andrew Bosworth</a> (CTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cox_(manager)" title="Chris Cox (manager)">Chris Cox</a> (CPO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a> (President of Global Affairs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Gillian_Newstead" title="Jennifer Gillian Newstead">Jennifer Newstead</a> (Chief Legal Officer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Parker" title="Sean Parker">Sean Parker</a> (<i>4%, formerly</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Van_Natta" title="Owen Van Natta">Owen Van Natta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Yu" title="Gideon Yu">Gideon Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_D%27Angelo" title="Adam D'Angelo">Adam D'Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Kelly_(entrepreneur)" title="Chris Kelly (entrepreneur)">Chris Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bret_Taylor" title="Bret Taylor">Bret Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg" title="Sheryl Sandberg">Sheryl Sandberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Schroepfer" title="Mike Schroepfer">Mike Schroepfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wehner" title="David Wehner">David Wehner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ebersman" title="David Ebersman">David Ebersman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marne_Levine" title="Marne Levine">Marne Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Stamos" title="Alex Stamos">Alex Stamos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oversight_Board_(Meta)" title="Oversight Board (Meta)">Oversight<br />Board</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Botero_Marino" title="Catalina Botero Marino">Catalina Botero Marino</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Greene" title="Jamal Greene">Jamal Greene</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_W._McConnell" title="Michael W. McConnell">Michael W. McConnell</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt" title="Helle Thorning-Schmidt">Helle Thorning-Schmidt</a>, Co-Chair (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afia_Asantewaa_Asare-Kyei" title="Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei">Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Aswad" title="Evelyn Aswad">Evelyn Aswad</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endy_Bayuni" title="Endy Bayuni">Endy Bayuni</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Chen" title="Katherine Chen">Katherine Chen</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nighat_Dad" title="Nighat Dad">Nighat Dad</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maina_Kiai" title="Maina Kiai">Maina Kiai</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhir_Krishnaswamy" title="Sudhir Krishnaswamy">Sudhir Krishnaswamy</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronaldo_Lemos" title="Ronaldo Lemos">Ronaldo Lemos</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Owono" title="Julie Owono">Julie Owono</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emi_Palmor" title="Emi Palmor">Emi Palmor</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rusbridger" title="Alan Rusbridger">Alan Rusbridger</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Saj%C3%B3" title="András Sajó">András Sajó</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Samples" title="John Samples">John Samples</a> (2020–)</li> <li>Nicolas Suzor (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Nossel" title="Suzanne Nossel">Suzanne Nossel</a> (2021–)</li> <li>Khaled Mansour (2022–)</li> <li>Pamela San Martin (2022–)</li> <li>Paolo Carozza (2022–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenji_Yoshino" title="Kenji Yoshino">Kenji Yoshino</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of<br />Trustees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Neal_(lawyer)" title="Stephen Neal (lawyer)">Stephen Neal</a>, Chair (2021–)</li> <li>Kristina Arriaga (2020–)</li> <li>Cherine Chalaby (2020–)</li> <li>Wanda Felton (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_O%27Regan" title="Kate O'Regan">Kate O'Regan</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Post_(law_professor)" title="Robert Post (law professor)">Robert Post</a> (2020–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_S._Karlan" title="Pamela S. Karlan">Pamela S. Karlan</a> (Board Member, 2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Haaga_Jr." title="Paul G. Haaga Jr.">Paul G. Haaga Jr.</a> (Board of Trustees Chair, 2020–2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Rasmussen_(software_developer)" title="Lars Rasmussen (software developer)">Lars Rasmussen</a> (Graph Search director)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Gleit" title="Naomi Gleit">Naomi Gleit</a> (VP of social good)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Mendelsohn" title="Nicola Mendelsohn">Nicola Mendelsohn</a> (head of Global Business Group)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Mosseri" title="Adam Mosseri">Adam Mosseri</a> (head of Instagram)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reardon" title="Thomas Reardon">Thomas Reardon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a> director)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Ross" title="Blake Ross">Blake Ross</a> (Director of Product)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Ullyot" title="Ted Ullyot">Ted Ullyot</a> (VP, General Counsel, and Secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Barra" title="Hugo Barra">Hugo Barra</a> (VP of <a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> (CTO of <a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Cohler" title="Matt Cohler">Matt Cohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Cheever" title="Charlie Cheever">Charlie Cheever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randi_Zuckerberg" title="Randi Zuckerberg">Randi Zuckerberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishan_Wong" title="Yishan Wong">Yishan Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hotz" title="George Hotz">George Hotz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lockhart" title="Joe Lockhart">Joe Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Alexandrescu" title="Andrei Alexandrescu">Andrei Alexandrescu</a> (research scientist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamath_Palihapitiya" title="Chamath Palihapitiya">Chamath Palihapitiya</a> (VP of User Growth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Schrage" title="Elliot Schrage">Elliot Schrage</a> (VP of Global Communications, Marketing and Public Policy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Haugen" title="Frances Haugen">Frances Haugen</a> (Product Manager of Civic Integrity Team)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Cassandra" title="Apache Cassandra">Apache Cassandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Hive" title="Apache Hive">Apache Hive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Thrift" title="Apache Thrift">Apache Thrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_(software)" title="Buck (software)">Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Query_Language" title="Facebook Query Language">FQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hack_(programming_language)" title="Hack (programming language)">Hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HHVM" title="HHVM">HHVM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HipHop_for_PHP" title="HipHop for PHP">HipHop for PHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infer_Static_Analyzer" title="Infer Static Analyzer">Infer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyRocks" title="MyRocks">MyRocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Compute_Project" title="Open Compute Project">Open Compute Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phabricator" title="Phabricator">Phabricator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/React_(software)" title="React (software)">React</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/React_Native" title="React Native">React Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RocksDB" title="RocksDB">RocksDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribe_(log_server)" title="Scribe (log server)">Scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Infra_Project" title="Telecom Infra Project">Telecom Infra Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_(web_server)" title="Tornado (web server)">Tornado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Facebook_Effect" title="The Facebook Effect">The Facebook Effect</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Accidental_Billionaires" title="The Accidental Billionaires">The Accidental Billionaires</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_stream" title="Activity stream">Activity stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_graph" title="Social graph">Social graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friending_and_following" title="Friending and following">Friending and following</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reblogging" title="Reblogging">Reblogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan-gating" title="Fan-gating">Fan-gating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_diplomacy#Facebook_diplomacy" title="Digital diplomacy">Facebook diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">Facebook like button</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Facebook" title="History of Facebook">History of Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Instagram" title="Timeline of Instagram">Timeline of Instagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_WhatsApp" title="Timeline of WhatsApp">Timeline of WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Meta_Platforms" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Meta Platforms">Acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_F8" title="Facebook F8">f8 conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering_of_Facebook" title="Initial public offering of Facebook">IPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Facebook" title="Censorship of Facebook">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Facebook" title="Criticism of Facebook">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Facebook_ad_boycotts" title="2020 Facebook ad boycotts">2020 ad boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak" title="2021 Facebook leak">2021 company files leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_Facebook" title="Privacy concerns with Facebook">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_content_management_controversies" title="Facebook content management controversies">Content management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawsuits_involving_Meta_Platforms" title="Lawsuits involving Meta Platforms">Litigation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_v._Facebook,_Inc." title="Young v. Facebook, Inc.">Young v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fraley_v._Facebook,_Inc." title="Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.">Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Force_v._Facebook,_Inc." title="Force v. Facebook, Inc.">Force v. Facebook, Inc.</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Facebook,_Inc._v._Duguid" title="Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid">Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Meta_Platforms,_Inc." title="Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.">Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.</a></i> (ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_and_unions" title="Meta and unions">unionization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Facebook_pages" title="List of most-followed Facebook pages">Most-followed Facebook pages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Chan" title="Priscilla Chan">Priscilla Chan</a> (wife of Mark Zuckerberg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative" title="Chan Zuckerberg Initiative">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Aquila" title="Facebook Aquila">Aquila Internet relay drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Village" title="Willow Village">Willow Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaveGroup_Sound" title="WaveGroup Sound">WaveGroup Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Facebook_outage" title="2021 Facebook outage">2021 Facebook outage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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