The Fate of the Amazonian Areas of Endemism

<!DOCTYPE html>     <html class="no-js" lang="en">  <head> <title>The Fate of the Amazonian Areas of Endemism - ADS</title>  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//styles/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="//styles/favicon/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="//styles/favicon/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="manifest" href="//styles/favicon/site.webmanifest" /> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//styles/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="ADS" /> <meta name="application-name" content="ADS" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NT2453N');</script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/css/styles.css"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive"> <link rel="canonical" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ConBi..19..689D/abstract"/> <meta name="description" content="Amazonia is the largest and most diverse of the tropical forest wilderness areas. Recent compilations indicate at least 40,000 plant species, 427 mammals, 1294 birds, 378 reptiles, 427 amphibians, and around 3,000 fishes. Not homogeneous in its plant and animal communities, it is an archipelago of distinct areas of endemism separated by the major rivers. Biogeographic studies of terrestrial vertebrates have identified eight such areas in the Brazilian Amazon: Tapaj贸s, Xing煤, and Bel茅m (all in Brazil); Rond么nia (mostly in Brazil); and portions of Napo, Imeri, Guiana, and Inambari. They range in size from more than 1.7 million km2 (Guiana) to 199,211 km2 (Bel茅m). Forest loss in each ranges from 2% to 13% of their area, except for Xingu (nearly 27% lost) and Bel茅m, (now only about one-third of its forest remains). Napo, Imeri, and Guiana have &gt;40% of their lands in protected areas, Inambari, Rond么nia, Tapaj贸s, and Xingu between 20% and 40%, and Bel茅m &lt;20%. Strictly protected areas in each, however, are limited鈥攆rom 0.28% to 11.7%. Areas of endemism should be the basic geographic unit for the creation of conservation corridors of contiguous protected areas, providing broad connectivity on both margins and within the interior of areas of endemism. The aim is to build a conservation system that is large and resilient enough to circumvent global changes, accommodate improved living standards for local populations, conserve biodiversity, and safeguard the ecological services forests and rivers provide. Elected leaders are now realizing that the traditional economy based on cattle ranching and logging is unsustainable. Deforestation proceeds apace, but the federal government is implementing the Protected Areas Programme for Amazonia, which seeks to protect 50 million ha, and a number of state governments are now active in creating protected areas and incorporating appropriate conservation measures in their development plans. Resumen: La Amazon铆a es el 谩rea de bosque tropical m谩s grande y diversa. Compilaciones recientes indican por lo menos 40,000 especies de plantas, 427 de mam铆feros, 1294 de aves, 378 de reptiles y alrededor de 3,000 de peces. No es homog茅nea en sus comunidades plantas y animales, sino que es un archipi茅lago de distintas 谩reas de endemismo separadas por los r铆os principales. Estudios biogeogr谩ficos de los vertebrados terrestres han identificado ocho de esas 谩reas en la Amazon铆a Brasile帽a: Tapaj贸s, Xing煤 y Bel茅m (todas en Brasil), Rond么nia (la mayor parte en Brasil) y porciones de Napo, Imeri, Guyana e Inambari. Var铆an en extensi贸n desde m谩s de 1.7 millones de km2 (Guyana) hasta 199,211 km2 (Bel茅m). La p茅rdida de bosque en cada una var铆a de 2% a 13% de su superficie, excepto Xingu (casi 27%) y Bel茅m (solo permanece cerca de una tercera parte de su bosque). Napo, Imeri y Guyana tienen &gt;40% de su extensi贸n en 谩reas protegidas, Inambari, Rond么nia, Tapaj贸s y Xingu entre 20% y 40% y Bel茅m &lt;20%. Sin embargo, las 谩reas estrictamente protegidas en cada una son limitadas- de 0.28% a 11.7%. Las 谩reas de endemismo debieran ser la unidad geogr谩fica b谩sica para la creaci贸n de corredores de conservaci贸n de 谩reas protegidas contiguas, lo que proporcionar铆a amplia conectividad en ambos m谩rgenes y en el interior de las 谩reas de endemismo. La meta es construir un sistema de conservaci贸n lo suficientemente extenso y flexible para evitar cambios globales, conservar biodiversidad y salvaguardar los servicios ecol贸gicos que proporcionan los bosques y r铆os. Los l铆deres electos est谩n comprendiendo que la econom铆a tradicional basada en la ganader铆a y explotaci贸n de madera no es sustentable. La deforestaci贸n sucede a paso acelerado, pero el gobierno federal esta instrumentando el Programa de 脕reas Protegidas en la Amazon铆a, que busca proteger 50 millones de ha, y en los planes de desarrollo de varios gobiernos estatales se contempla la creaci贸n de 谩reas protegidas y la incorporaci贸n de medidas de conservaci贸n apropiadas.">  <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:title" content="The Fate of the Amazonian Areas of Endemism"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="ADS"> <meta property="og:description" content="Amazonia is the largest and most diverse of the tropical forest wilderness areas. Recent compilations indicate at least 40,000 plant species, 427 mammals, 1294 birds, 378 reptiles, 427 amphibians, and around 3,000 fishes. Not homogeneous in its plant and animal communities, it is an archipelago of distinct areas of endemism separated by the major rivers. Biogeographic studies of terrestrial vertebrates have identified eight such areas in the Brazilian Amazon: Tapaj贸s, Xing煤, and Bel茅m (all in Brazil); Rond么nia (mostly in Brazil); and portions of Napo, Imeri, Guiana, and Inambari. They range in size from more than 1.7 million km2 (Guiana) to 199,211 km2 (Bel茅m). Forest loss in each ranges from 2% to 13% of their area, except for Xingu (nearly 27% lost) and Bel茅m, (now only about one-third of its forest remains). Napo, Imeri, and Guiana have &gt;40% of their lands in protected areas, Inambari, Rond么nia, Tapaj贸s, and Xingu between 20% and 40%, and Bel茅m &lt;20%. Strictly protected areas in each, however, are limited鈥攆rom 0.28% to 11.7%. Areas of endemism should be the basic geographic unit for the creation of conservation corridors of contiguous protected areas, providing broad connectivity on both margins and within the interior of areas of endemism. The aim is to build a conservation system that is large and resilient enough to circumvent global changes, accommodate improved living standards for local populations, conserve biodiversity, and safeguard the ecological services forests and rivers provide. Elected leaders are now realizing that the traditional economy based on cattle ranching and logging is unsustainable. Deforestation proceeds apace, but the federal government is implementing the Protected Areas Programme for Amazonia, which seeks to protect 50 million ha, and a number of state governments are now active in creating protected areas and incorporating appropriate conservation measures in their development plans. Resumen: La Amazon铆a es el 谩rea de bosque tropical m谩s grande y diversa. Compilaciones recientes indican por lo menos 40,000 especies de plantas, 427 de mam铆feros, 1294 de aves, 378 de reptiles y alrededor de 3,000 de peces. No es homog茅nea en sus comunidades plantas y animales, sino que es un archipi茅lago de distintas 谩reas de endemismo separadas por los r铆os principales. Estudios biogeogr谩ficos de los vertebrados terrestres han identificado ocho de esas 谩reas en la Amazon铆a Brasile帽a: Tapaj贸s, Xing煤 y Bel茅m (todas en Brasil), Rond么nia (la mayor parte en Brasil) y porciones de Napo, Imeri, Guyana e Inambari. Var铆an en extensi贸n desde m谩s de 1.7 millones de km2 (Guyana) hasta 199,211 km2 (Bel茅m). La p茅rdida de bosque en cada una var铆a de 2% a 13% de su superficie, excepto Xingu (casi 27%) y Bel茅m (solo permanece cerca de una tercera parte de su bosque). Napo, Imeri y Guyana tienen &gt;40% de su extensi贸n en 谩reas protegidas, Inambari, Rond么nia, Tapaj贸s y Xingu entre 20% y 40% y Bel茅m &lt;20%. Sin embargo, las 谩reas estrictamente protegidas en cada una son limitadas- de 0.28% a 11.7%. Las 谩reas de endemismo debieran ser la unidad geogr谩fica b谩sica para la creaci贸n de corredores de conservaci贸n de 谩reas protegidas contiguas, lo que proporcionar铆a amplia conectividad en ambos m谩rgenes y en el interior de las 谩reas de endemismo. La meta es construir un sistema de conservaci贸n lo suficientemente extenso y flexible para evitar cambios globales, conservar biodiversidad y salvaguardar los servicios ecol贸gicos que proporcionan los bosques y r铆os. Los l铆deres electos est谩n comprendiendo que la econom铆a tradicional basada en la ganader铆a y explotaci贸n de madera no es sustentable. La deforestaci贸n sucede a paso acelerado, pero el gobierno federal esta instrumentando el Programa de 脕reas Protegidas en la Amazon铆a, que busca proteger 50 millones de ha, y en los planes de desarrollo de varios gobiernos estatales se contempla la creaci贸n de 谩reas protegidas y la incorporaci贸n de medidas de conservaci贸n apropiadas."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ConBi..19..689D/abstract"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/styles/img/transparent_logo.svg"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="06/2005"> <meta property="article:author" content="da Silva, Jos茅 Maria Cardoso"> <meta property="article:author" content="Rylands, Anthony B."> <meta property="article:author" content="da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.">  <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Conservation Biology"> <meta name="citation_authors" content="da Silva, Jos茅 Maria Cardoso;Rylands, Anthony B.;da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B."> <meta name="citation_title" content="The Fate of the Amazonian Areas of Endemism"> <meta name="citation_date" content="06/2005"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="19"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="689"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x"> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ConBi..19..689D/abstract"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="06/2005"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="694" /> <link title="schema(PRISM)" rel="schema.prism" href="http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/1.2/basic/" /> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="06/2005" /> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="ConBi" /> <meta name="prism.volume" content="19" /> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="689" /> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="694" /> <link title="schema(DC)" rel="schema.dc" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x" /> <meta name="dc.date" content="06/2005" /> <meta name="dc.source" content="ConBi" /> <meta name="dc.title" content="The Fate of the Amazonian Areas of Endemism" /> <meta name="dc.creator" content="da Silva, Jos茅 Maria Cardoso"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Rylands, Anthony B."> <meta name="dc.creator" content="da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.">  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Amazonia is the largest and most diverse of the tropical forest wilderness areas. Recent compilations indicate at least 40,000 plant species, 427 mammals, 1294 birds, 378 reptiles, 427 amphibians, and around 3,000 fishes. Not homogeneous in its plant and animal communities, it is an archipelago of distinct areas of endemism separated by the major rivers. Biogeographic studies of terrestrial vertebrates have identified eight such areas in the Brazilian Amazon: Tapaj贸s, Xing煤, and Bel茅m (all in Brazil); Rond么nia (mostly in Brazil); and portions of Napo, Imeri, Guiana, and Inambari. They range in size from more than 1.7 million km2 (Guiana) to 199,211 km2 (Bel茅m). Forest loss in each ranges from 2% to 13% of their area, except for Xingu (nearly 27% lost) and Bel茅m, (now only about one-third of its forest remains). Napo, Imeri, and Guiana have &gt;40% of their lands in protected areas, Inambari, Rond么nia, Tapaj贸s, and Xingu between 20% and 40%, and Bel茅m &lt;20%. Strictly protected areas in each, however, are limited鈥攆rom 0.28% to 11.7%. Areas of endemism should be the basic geographic unit for the creation of conservation corridors of contiguous protected areas, providing broad connectivity on both margins and within the interior of areas of endemism. The aim is to build a conservation system that is large and resilient enough to circumvent global changes, accommodate improved living standards for local populations, conserve biodiversity, and safeguard the ecological services forests and rivers provide. Elected leaders are now realizing that the traditional economy based on cattle ranching and logging is unsustainable. Deforestation proceeds apace, but the federal government is implementing the Protected Areas Programme for Amazonia, which seeks to protect 50 million ha, and a number of state governments are now active in creating protected areas and incorporating appropriate conservation measures in their development plans. Resumen: La Amazon铆a es el 谩rea de bosque tropical m谩s grande y diversa. Compilaciones recientes indican por lo menos 40,000 especies de plantas, 427 de mam铆feros, 1294 de aves, 378 de reptiles y alrededor de 3,000 de peces. No es homog茅nea en sus comunidades plantas y animales, sino que es un archipi茅lago de distintas 谩reas de endemismo separadas por los r铆os principales. Estudios biogeogr谩ficos de los vertebrados terrestres han identificado ocho de esas 谩reas en la Amazon铆a Brasile帽a: Tapaj贸s, Xing煤 y Bel茅m (todas en Brasil), Rond么nia (la mayor parte en Brasil) y porciones de Napo, Imeri, Guyana e Inambari. Var铆an en extensi贸n desde m谩s de 1.7 millones de km2 (Guyana) hasta 199,211 km2 (Bel茅m). La p茅rdida de bosque en cada una var铆a de 2% a 13% de su superficie, excepto Xingu (casi 27%) y Bel茅m (solo permanece cerca de una tercera parte de su bosque). Napo, Imeri y Guyana tienen &gt;40% de su extensi贸n en 谩reas protegidas, Inambari, Rond么nia, Tapaj贸s y Xingu entre 20% y 40% y Bel茅m &lt;20%. Sin embargo, las 谩reas estrictamente protegidas en cada una son limitadas- de 0.28% a 11.7%. Las 谩reas de endemismo debieran ser la unidad geogr谩fica b谩sica para la creaci贸n de corredores de conservaci贸n de 谩reas protegidas contiguas, lo que proporcionar铆a amplia conectividad en ambos m谩rgenes y en el interior de las 谩reas de endemismo. La meta es construir un sistema de conservaci贸n lo suficientemente extenso y flexible para evitar cambios globales, conservar biodiversidad y salvaguardar los servicios ecol贸gicos que proporcionan los bosques y r铆os. Los l铆deres electos est谩n comprendiendo que la econom铆a tradicional basada en la ganader铆a y explotaci贸n de madera no es sustentable. La deforestaci贸n sucede a paso acelerado, pero el gobierno federal esta instrumentando el Programa de 脕reas Protegidas en la Amazon铆a, que busca proteger 50 millones de ha, y en los planes de desarrollo de varios gobiernos estatales se contempla la creaci贸n de 谩reas protegidas y la incorporaci贸n de medidas de conservaci贸n apropiadas."/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The Fate of the Amazonian Areas of Endemism"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@adsabs"/> <meta name="twitter:domain" content="ADS"/> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/styles/img/transparent_logo.svg"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@adsabs"/> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <base href="/"> <style> .btn-full-ads { color: #fff !important; background-color: #1a1a1a !important; border-color: #1a1a1a !important; margin-top: 9px !important; padding-bottom: 10px !important; padding-top: 10px !important; 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<li class="author"><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%22Rylands%2C+Anthony+B.%22">Rylands, Anthony B.</a> </li>; <li class="author"><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%22da+Fonseca%2C+Gustavo+A.+B.%22">da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="s-abstract-text"> <h4 class="sr-only">Abstract</h4> <p> Amazonia is the largest and most diverse of the tropical forest wilderness areas. Recent compilations indicate at least 40,000 plant species, 427 mammals, 1294 birds, 378 reptiles, 427 amphibians, and around 3,000 fishes. Not homogeneous in its plant and animal communities, it is an archipelago of distinct areas of endemism separated by the major rivers. Biogeographic studies of terrestrial vertebrates have identified eight such areas in the Brazilian Amazon: Tapaj贸s, Xing煤, and Bel茅m (all in Brazil); Rond么nia (mostly in Brazil); and portions of Napo, Imeri, Guiana, and Inambari. They range in size from more than 1.7 million km2 (Guiana) to 199,211 km2 (Bel茅m). Forest loss in each ranges from 2% to 13% of their area, except for Xingu (nearly 27% lost) and Bel茅m, (now only about one-third of its forest remains). Napo, Imeri, and Guiana have >40% of their lands in protected areas, Inambari, Rond么nia, Tapaj贸s, and Xingu between 20% and 40%, and Bel茅m <20%. Strictly protected areas in each, however, are limited鈥攆rom 0.28% to 11.7%. Areas of endemism should be the basic geographic unit for the creation of conservation corridors of contiguous protected areas, providing broad connectivity on both margins and within the interior of areas of endemism. The aim is to build a conservation system that is large and resilient enough to circumvent global changes, accommodate improved living standards for local populations, conserve biodiversity, and safeguard the ecological services forests and rivers provide. Elected leaders are now realizing that the traditional economy based on cattle ranching and logging is unsustainable. Deforestation proceeds apace, but the federal government is implementing the Protected Areas Programme for Amazonia, which seeks to protect 50 million ha, and a number of state governments are now active in creating protected areas and incorporating appropriate conservation measures in their development plans. Resumen: La Amazon铆a es el 谩rea de bosque tropical m谩s grande y diversa. Compilaciones recientes indican por lo menos 40,000 especies de plantas, 427 de mam铆feros, 1294 de aves, 378 de reptiles y alrededor de 3,000 de peces. No es homog茅nea en sus comunidades plantas y animales, sino que es un archipi茅lago de distintas 谩reas de endemismo separadas por los r铆os principales. Estudios biogeogr谩ficos de los vertebrados terrestres han identificado ocho de esas 谩reas en la Amazon铆a Brasile帽a: Tapaj贸s, Xing煤 y Bel茅m (todas en Brasil), Rond么nia (la mayor parte en Brasil) y porciones de Napo, Imeri, Guyana e Inambari. Var铆an en extensi贸n desde m谩s de 1.7 millones de km2 (Guyana) hasta 199,211 km2 (Bel茅m). La p茅rdida de bosque en cada una var铆a de 2% a 13% de su superficie, excepto Xingu (casi 27%) y Bel茅m (solo permanece cerca de una tercera parte de su bosque). Napo, Imeri y Guyana tienen >40% de su extensi贸n en 谩reas protegidas, Inambari, Rond么nia, Tapaj贸s y Xingu entre 20% y 40% y Bel茅m <20%. Sin embargo, las 谩reas estrictamente protegidas en cada una son limitadas- de 0.28% a 11.7%. Las 谩reas de endemismo debieran ser la unidad geogr谩fica b谩sica para la creaci贸n de corredores de conservaci贸n de 谩reas protegidas contiguas, lo que proporcionar铆a amplia conectividad en ambos m谩rgenes y en el interior de las 谩reas de endemismo. La meta es construir un sistema de conservaci贸n lo suficientemente extenso y flexible para evitar cambios globales, conservar biodiversidad y salvaguardar los servicios ecol贸gicos que proporcionan los bosques y r铆os. Los l铆deres electos est谩n comprendiendo que la econom铆a tradicional basada en la ganader铆a y explotaci贸n de madera no es sustentable. La deforestaci贸n sucede a paso acelerado, pero el gobierno federal esta instrumentando el Programa de 脕reas Protegidas en la Amazon铆a, que busca proteger 50 millones de ha, y en los planes de desarrollo de varios gobiernos estatales se contempla la creaci贸n de 谩reas protegidas y la incorporaci贸n de medidas de conservaci贸n apropiadas. </p> </div> <br> <dl class="s-abstract-dl-horizontal"> <dt>Publication:</dt> <dd> <div id="article-publication">Conservation Biology</div> </dd> <dt>Pub Date:</dt> <dd>June 2005</dd> <dt>DOI:</dt> <dd> <p class="doi-p"> <a href="/link_gateway/2005ConBi..19..689D/doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x</a> <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i> </p> </dd> <dt>Bibcode:</dt> <dd> <a href="/abs/2005ConBi..19..689D/abstract"> 2005ConBi..19..689D </a> <i class="icon-help" title="The bibcode is assigned by the ADS as a unique identifier for the paper."></i> </dd> </dl> </article> </div> <div data-widget="ShowCitations"></div> <div data-widget="ShowReferences"></div> <div data-widget="ShowCoreads"></div> <div data-widget="ShowSimilar"></div> <div data-widget="ShowTableofcontents"></div> <div data-widget="ShowGraphics"></div> <div data-widget="ShowExportcitation" data-origin="abstract"></div> <div data-widget="ShowMetrics" data-allow-redirect="false"></div> <div data-widget="MetaTagsWidget"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="s-right-col-container col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-3 col-lg-2 s-right-column" id="right-col-container" > <div data-widget="ShowResources"> <div data-reactroot="" class="s-right-col-widget-container" style="padding: 10px" > <div> <div class="resources__container"> <div class="resources__full__list"> <div class="resources__header__row"> <i class="fa fa-file-text-o" aria-hidden="true"> </i> <div class="resources__header__title">full text sources</div> </div> <div class="resources__content"> <div class="resources__content__title"> Publisher </div> <div class="resources__content__links"> <span> <div class="resources__content__link__separator">|</div> </span> <span> <a href="/link_gateway/2005ConBi..19..689D/PUB_HTML" rel="noopener" class="resources__content__link " > <i class="fa fa-file-text" aria-hidden="true"> </i> </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-widget="ShowAssociated"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-widget="ShowGraphicsSidebar"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-container"> <div data-widget="FooterWidget"> <div class="footer s-footer"> <footer> <div class="__footer_wrapper"> <div class="__footer_brand"> 漏 The SAO Astrophysics Data System <div class="__footer_brand_extra"> <p> <i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> adshelp[at]cfa.harvard.edu </p> <p> The ADS is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Cooperative Agreement <em>80NSSC21M0056</em> </p> </div> <div class="__footer_brand_logos"> <div class="logo1"> <a href="http://www.si.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> <img id="smithsonian-logo" src="/styles/img/smithsonian-logo.svg" alt="Smithsonian logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="logo2"> <a href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> <img src="/styles/img/cfa.png" alt="Harvard Center for Astrophysics logo" id="cfa-logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="logo3"> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> <img src="/styles/img/nasa-partner.svg" alt="NASA logo" id="nasa-logo" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="__footer_brand_disclaimer"> *The material contained in this document is based upon work supported by a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant or cooperative agreement. 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The Fate of the Amazonian Areas of Endemism - ADS