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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronunciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Noun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Descendants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descendants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Descendants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descendants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Adjective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antonyms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antonyms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Antonyms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antonyms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hyponyms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hyponyms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Hyponyms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hyponyms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derived_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derived_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>Derived terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derived_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translations_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span> <span>Translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Portuguese</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Portuguese-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Portuguese subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Portuguese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronunciation_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjective_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjective_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Adjective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjective_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Romanian</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Romanian-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Romanian subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Romanian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjective_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjective_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Adjective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjective_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Declension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Declension</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Declension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">vernacular</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacular" title="vernacular – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="vernacular" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/vernacular" title="View the content 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English">English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="was-wotd floatright" style="padding-right: 1em"><span title="This was a Wiktionary Word of the Day"><small><i><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Word_of_the_day/Archive/2010/March#1" title="Wiktionary:Word of the day/Archive/2010/March">WOTD – 1 March 2010</a></i></small></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Latin">Latin</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/vernaculus#Latin" title="vernaculus">vernāculus</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">domestic, indigenous, of or pertaining to home-born slaves</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, from <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/verna#Latin" title="verna">verna</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">a native, a home-born slave (one born in his master's house)</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><span class="usage-label-accent"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_English" class="extiw" title="w:British English">UK</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/vəˈnækjələ/</span>, <span class="IPA">/vəˈnækjʊlə/</span></li> <li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><span class="usage-label-accent"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English" class="extiw" title="w:American English">US</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/vɚˈnækjəlɚ/</span></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r50165410">.mw-parser-output .k-player .k-attribution{visibility:hidden}</style><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English" class="extiw" title="w:American English">US</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span><span class="ib-colon qualifier-colon">:</span></td><td class="audiofile"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="en-us-vernacular.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/En-us-vernacular.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/En-us-vernacular.ogg/En-us-vernacular.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:en-us-vernacular.ogg" title="File:en-us-vernacular.ogg">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r50165410"><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_English_phonology" class="extiw" title="w:Australian English phonology">General Australian</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span><span class="ib-colon qualifier-colon">:</span></td><td class="audiofile"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="en-au-vernacular.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/En-au-vernacular.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/En-au-vernacular.ogg/En-au-vernacular.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:en-au-vernacular.ogg" title="File:en-au-vernacular.ogg">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li>Rhymes: <a href="/wiki/Rhymes:English/%C3%A6kj%CA%8Al%C9%99(%C9%B9)" title="Rhymes:English/ækjʊlə(ɹ)"><span class="IPA">-ækjʊlə(ɹ)</span></a></li> <li>Hyphenation: <span class="Latn" lang="en">ver‧nac‧u‧lar</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noun">Noun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Noun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="en">vernacular</strong> (<i>plural</i> <b class="Latn form-of lang-en p-form-of" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/vernaculars#English" title="vernaculars">vernaculars</a></b>)</span> </p> <ol><li>The <a href="/wiki/language" title="language">language</a> of a people or a <a href="/wiki/national" title="national">national</a> language. <dl><dd><span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonym:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/vulgate#English" title="vulgate">vulgate</a></span></span></dd> <dd><span class="nyms coordinate-term"><span class="defdate">Coordinate terms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/lingua_franca#English" title="lingua franca">lingua franca</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/link_language#English" title="link language">link language</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/vehicular_language#English" title="vehicular language">vehicular language</a></span></span></dd> <dd><div class="h-usage-example"><i class="Latn mention e-example" lang="en">The <b>vernacular</b> of the United States is English.</i></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/everyday" title="everyday">Everyday</a> <a href="/wiki/speech" title="speech">speech</a> or <a href="/wiki/dialect" title="dialect">dialect</a>, including <a href="/wiki/colloquialism" title="colloquialism">colloquialisms</a>, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/standard" title="standard">standard</a>, <a href="/wiki/literary" title="literary">literary</a>, <a href="/wiki/liturgical" title="liturgical">liturgical</a>, or <a href="/wiki/scientific" title="scientific">scientific</a> <a href="/wiki/idiom" title="idiom">idiom</a>. <dl><dd><div class="h-usage-example"><i class="Latn mention e-example" lang="en">Street <b>vernacular</b> can be quite different from what is heard elsewhere.</i></div></dd></dl></li> <li>Language <a href="/wiki/unique" title="unique">unique</a> to a particular <a href="/wiki/group" title="group">group</a> of people. <dl><dd><span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/jargon#English" title="jargon">jargon</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/argot#English" title="argot">argot</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/dialect#English" title="dialect">dialect</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/slang#English" title="slang">slang</a></span></span></dd> <dd><div class="h-usage-example"><i class="Latn mention e-example" lang="en">For those of a certain age, hiphop <b>vernacular</b> might just as well be a foreign language.</i></div></dd></dl></li> <li>A language lacking standardization or a written form.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/indigenous" title="indigenous">Indigenous</a> spoken language, as distinct from a literary or <a href="/wiki/liturgical_language" title="liturgical language">liturgical language</a> such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a>. <dl><dd><div class="h-usage-example"><i class="Latn mention e-example" lang="en">Vatican II allowed the celebration of the mass in the <b>vernacular</b>.</i></div></dd></dl></li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="/wiki/architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> A <a href="/wiki/style" title="style">style</a> of <a href="/wiki/architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a> <a href="/wiki/involving" title="involving">involving</a> <a href="/wiki/local" title="local">local</a> <a href="/wiki/building" title="building">building</a> <a href="/wiki/material" title="material">materials</a> and <a href="/wiki/style" title="style">styles</a>; not <a href="/wiki/imported" title="imported">imported</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Descendants">Descendants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Descendants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="desc-arr" title="borrowed">→</span><span class="desc-arr" title="reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes">⇒</span> Irish: <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/b%C3%A9arlagair#Irish" title="béarlagair">béarlagair</a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68481116">.mw-parser-output .desc-arr[title]{cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .desc-arr[title="uncertain"]{font-size:.7em;vertical-align:super}</style></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Translations">Translations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-national_language"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">national language</div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="national language"><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81584270">.mw-parser-output .translations{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .translations-cell{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow,#FFFFe0);vertical-align:top;text-align:left}</style> <ul><li>Afrikaans: <span class="Latn" lang="af"><a href="/wiki/volkstaal#Afrikaans" title="volkstaal">volkstaal</a></span></li> <li>Armenian: <span class="Armn" lang="hy"><a href="/wiki/%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB#Armenian" title="մայրենի">մայրենի</a> <a href="/wiki/%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82#Armenian" title="լեզու">լեզու</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="hy-Latn" class="tr Latn">mayreni lezu</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Bulgarian: <span class="Cyrl" lang="bg"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="народен език (page does not exist)">народен език</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="bg-Latn" class="tr Latn">naroden ezik</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Catalan: <span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/vernacle#Catalan" title="vernacle">vernacle</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacle" class="extiw" title="ca:vernacle">(ca)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Danish: <span class="Latn" lang="da"><a href="/w/index.php?title=national_sprog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="national sprog (page does not exist)">national sprog</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span></li> <li>Dutch: <span class="Latn" lang="nl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=landstaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="landstaal (page does not exist)">landstaal</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/landstaal" class="extiw" title="nl:landstaal">(nl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/volkstaal#Dutch" title="volkstaal">volkstaal</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/volkstaal" class="extiw" title="nl:volkstaal">(nl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/ambtstaal#Dutch" title="ambtstaal">ambtstaal</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Finnish: <span class="Latn" lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/kansalliskieli#Finnish" title="kansalliskieli">kansalliskieli</a></span></li> <li>French: <span class="Latn" lang="fr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=langue_nationale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="langue nationale (page does not exist)">langue nationale</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/langue_nationale" class="extiw" title="fr:langue nationale">(fr)</a></span></li> <li>Galician: <span class="Latn" lang="gl"><a href="/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo#Galician" title="vernáculo">vernáculo</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://gl.wiktionary.org/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo" class="extiw" title="gl:vernáculo">(gl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Georgian: <span class="Geor" lang="ka"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90-%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="დედა-ენა (page does not exist)">დედა-ენა</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ka-Latn" class="tr Latn">deda-ena</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Geor" lang="ka"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ადგილობრივი დიალექტი (page does not exist)">ადგილობრივი დიალექტი</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ka-Latn" class="tr Latn">adgilobrivi dialekṭi</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Geor" lang="ka"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D#Georgian" title="კილო">კილო</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ka-Latn" class="tr Latn">ḳilo</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>German: <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Nationalsprache#German" title="Nationalsprache">Nationalsprache</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nationalsprache" class="extiw" title="de:Nationalsprache">(de)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Greek: <span class="Grek" lang="el"><a href="/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82#Greek" title="δημώδης">δημώδης</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:δημώδης">(el)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="el-Latn" class="tr Latn">dimódis</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">colloquial</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <span class="Grek" lang="el"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ντοπιολαλιά (page does not exist)">ντοπιολαλιά</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC" class="extiw" title="el:ντοπιολαλιά">(el)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="el-Latn" class="tr Latn">ntopiolaliá</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Icelandic: <span class="Latn" lang="is"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0tunga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="þjóðtunga (page does not exist)">þjóðtunga</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Italian: <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/vernacolo#Italian" title="vernacolo">vernacolo</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacolo" class="extiw" title="it:vernacolo">(it)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/idioma#Italian" title="idioma">idioma</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/idioma" class="extiw" title="it:idioma">(it)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/parlata#Italian" title="parlata">parlata</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/parlata" class="extiw" title="it:parlata">(it)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/lingua#Italian" title="lingua">lingua</a> <a href="/wiki/nazionale#Italian" title="nazionale">nazionale</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/dialetto#Italian" title="dialetto">dialetto</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialetto" class="extiw" title="it:dialetto">(it)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Polish: <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=j%C4%99zyk_wernakularny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="język wernakularny (page does not exist)">język wernakularny</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/j%C4%99zyk_wernakularny" class="extiw" title="pl:język wernakularny">(pl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=j%C4%99zyk_rodzimy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="język rodzimy (page does not exist)">język rodzimy</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=j%C4%99zyk_narodowy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="język narodowy (page does not exist)">język narodowy</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/j%C4%99zyk_narodowy" class="extiw" title="pl:język narodowy">(pl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Portuguese: <span class="Latn" lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo#Portuguese" title="vernáculo">vernáculo</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo" class="extiw" title="pt:vernáculo">(pt)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Russian: <span class="Cyrl" lang="ru"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="народный язык (page does not exist)">наро́дный язы́к</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="tr Latn">naródnyj jazýk</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Cyrl" lang="ru"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="местный диалект (page does not exist)">ме́стный диале́кт</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="tr Latn">méstnyj dialékt</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Serbo-Croatian: <span class="Latn" lang="sh"><a href="/w/index.php?title=narodni_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="narodni jezik (page does not exist)">narodni jezik</a></span></li> <li>Turkish: <span class="Latn" lang="tr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ulusal_dil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ulusal dil (page does not exist)">ulusal dil</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-everyday_speech"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">everyday speech</div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="everyday speech"><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81584270"> <ul><li>Afrikaans: <span class="Latn" lang="af"><a href="/wiki/omgangstaal#Afrikaans" title="omgangstaal">omgangstaal</a></span></li> <li>Armenian: <span class="Armn" lang="hy"><a href="/wiki/%D5%AA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6#Armenian" title="ժողովրդական">ժողովրդական</a> <a href="/wiki/%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82#Armenian" title="լեզու">լեզու</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="hy-Latn" class="tr Latn">žoġovrdakan lezu</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Armn" lang="hy"><a href="/wiki/%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6#Armenian" title="խոսակցական">խոսակցական</a> <a href="/wiki/%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82#Armenian" title="լեզու">լեզու</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="hy-Latn" class="tr Latn">xosakcʻakan lezu</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Bulgarian: <span class="Cyrl" lang="bg"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="народен език (page does not exist)">народен език</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="bg-Latn" class="tr Latn">naroden ezik</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Chinese: <dl><dd>Mandarin: <span class="Hant" lang="cmn"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1#Mandarin" title="白話">白話</a></span><span class="Zsym mention" style="font-size:100%;">／</span><span class="Hans" lang="cmn"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%9D#Mandarin" title="白话">白话</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1" class="extiw" title="zh:白話">(zh)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="cmn-Latn" class="tr Latn">báihuà</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></dd></dl></li> <li>Czech: <span class="Latn" lang="cs"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernakul%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_jazyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernakulární jazyk (page does not exist)">vernakulární jazyk</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="cs"><a href="/w/index.php?title=nespisovn%C3%BD_jazyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="nespisovný jazyk (page does not exist)">nespisovný jazyk</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="cs"><a href="/w/index.php?title=hovorov%C3%BD_jazyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="hovorový jazyk (page does not exist)">hovorový jazyk</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="cs"><a href="/w/index.php?title=lidov%C3%A1_%C5%99e%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="lidová řeč (page does not exist)">lidová řeč</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Danish: <span class="Latn" lang="da"><a href="/w/index.php?title=daglig_tale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="daglig tale (page does not exist)">daglig tale</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="common gender">c</abbr></span></li> <li>Dutch: <span class="Latn" lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/volkstaal#Dutch" title="volkstaal">volkstaal</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/volkstaal" class="extiw" title="nl:volkstaal">(nl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/omgangstaal#Dutch" title="omgangstaal">omgangstaal</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/omgangstaal" class="extiw" title="nl:omgangstaal">(nl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/volksmond#Dutch" title="volksmond">volksmond</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/volksmond" class="extiw" title="nl:volksmond">(nl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/spreektaal#Dutch" title="spreektaal">spreektaal</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/spreektaal" class="extiw" title="nl:spreektaal">(nl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Finnish: <span class="Latn" lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/arkikieli#Finnish" title="arkikieli">arkikieli</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/arkikieli" class="extiw" title="fi:arkikieli">(fi)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/kansankieli#Finnish" title="kansankieli">kansankieli</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/kansankieli" class="extiw" title="fi:kansankieli">(fi)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/puhekieli#Finnish" title="puhekieli">puhekieli</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/puhekieli" class="extiw" title="fi:puhekieli">(fi)</a></span></li> <li>French: <span class="Latn" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/vernaculaire#French" title="vernaculaire">vernaculaire</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernaculaire" class="extiw" title="fr:vernaculaire">(fr)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Galician: <span class="Latn" lang="gl"><a href="/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo#Galician" title="vernáculo">vernáculo</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://gl.wiktionary.org/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo" class="extiw" title="gl:vernáculo">(gl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Georgian: <span class="Geor" lang="ka"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98#Georgian" title="დიალექტი">დიალექტი</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ka-Latn" class="tr Latn">dialekṭi</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Geor" lang="ka"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ადგილობრივი ენა (page does not exist)">ადგილობრივი ენა</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ka-Latn" class="tr Latn">adgilobrivi ena</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>German: <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Umgangssprache#German" title="Umgangssprache">Umgangssprache</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Umgangssprache" class="extiw" title="de:Umgangssprache">(de)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernakularsprache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernakularsprache (page does not exist)">Vernakularsprache</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernakul%C3%A4rsprache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernakulärsprache (page does not exist)">Vernakulärsprache</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksmund#German" title="Volksmund">Volksmund</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Volksmund" class="extiw" title="de:Volksmund">(de)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Greek: <span class="Grek" lang="el"><a href="/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82#Greek" title="δημώδης">δημώδης</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:δημώδης">(el)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="el-Latn" class="tr Latn">dimódis</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Interlingua: <span class="Latn" lang="ia"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Interlingua">vernacular</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="ia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=lingua_vulgar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="lingua vulgar (page does not exist)">lingua vulgar</a></span></li> <li>Irish: <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/teanga#Irish" title="teanga">teanga</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=coitiantacht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="coitiantacht (page does not exist)">coitiantachta</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/teanga_an_phobail#Irish" title="teanga an phobail">teanga an phobail</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/teanga_choiteann#Irish" title="teanga choiteann">teanga choiteann</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/teanga_dh%C3%BAchais#Irish" title="teanga dhúchais">teanga dhúchais</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Italian: <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/vernacolare#Italian" title="vernacolare">vernacolare</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacolare" class="extiw" title="it:vernacolare">(it)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/parlata#Italian" title="parlata">parlata</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/parlata" class="extiw" title="it:parlata">(it)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/linguaggio#Italian" title="linguaggio">linguaggio</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/linguaggio" class="extiw" title="it:linguaggio">(it)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Japanese: <span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80#Japanese" title="方言">方言</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" class="extiw" title="ja:方言">(ja)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="tr">hōgen</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Korean: <span class="Kore" lang="ko"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8#Korean" title="방언">방언(方言)</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:방언">(ko)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ko-Latn" class="tr Latn">bang'eon</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Kore" lang="ko"><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%88%AC%EB%A6%AC#Korean" title="사투리">사투리</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%88%AC%EB%A6%AC" class="extiw" title="ko:사투리">(ko)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ko-Latn" class="tr Latn">saturi</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Latin: <span class="ttbc"><sup class="ttbc">(please <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Translations#Translations_to_be_checked" title="Wiktionary:Translations">verify</a>)</sup> <span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/vernaculus#Latin" title="vernaculus">vernaculus</a></span></span>, <span class="ttbc"><sup class="ttbc">(please <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Translations#Translations_to_be_checked" title="Wiktionary:Translations">verify</a>)</sup> <span class="Latn" lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacularis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernacularis (page does not exist)">vernacularis</a></span></span></li> <li>Luxembourgish: <span class="Latn" lang="lb"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Bmgangssprooch#Luxembourgish" title="Ëmgangssprooch">Ëmgangssprooch</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Norwegian: <dl><dd>Bokmål: <span class="Latn" lang="nb"><a href="/wiki/dagligtale#Norwegian_Bokmål" title="dagligtale">dagligtale</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/dagligtale" class="extiw" title="no:dagligtale">(no)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></dd> <dd>Nynorsk: <span class="Latn" lang="nn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=daglegtale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="daglegtale (page does not exist)">daglegtale</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></dd></dl></li> <li>Polish: <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=j%C4%99zyk_wernakularny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="język wernakularny (page does not exist)">język wernakularny</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/j%C4%99zyk_wernakularny" class="extiw" title="pl:język wernakularny">(pl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=j%C4%99zyk_nieliteracki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="język nieliteracki (page does not exist)">język nieliteracki</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=j%C4%99zyk_potoczny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="język potoczny (page does not exist)">język potoczny</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=mowa_ludowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="mowa ludowa (page does not exist)">mowa ludowa</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=j%C4%99zyk_obiegowy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="język obiegowy (page does not exist)">język obiegowy</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Portuguese: <span class="Latn" lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo#Portuguese" title="vernáculo">vernáculo</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo" class="extiw" title="pt:vernáculo">(pt)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Russian: <span class="Cyrl" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5#Russian" title="просторечие">просторе́чие</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:просторечие">(ru)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="tr Latn">prostoréčije</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Cyrl" lang="ru"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="народная речь (page does not exist)">наро́дная речь</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="tr Latn">naródnaja rečʹ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Slovak: <span class="Latn" lang="sk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernakul%C3%A1rny_jazyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernakulárny jazyk (page does not exist)">vernakulárny jazyk</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="sk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=nespisovn%C3%BD_jazyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="nespisovný jazyk (page does not exist)">nespisovný jazyk</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="sk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=hovorov%C3%BD_jazyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="hovorový jazyk (page does not exist)">hovorový jazyk</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="sk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%BEudov%C3%A1_re%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ľudová reč (page does not exist)">ľudová reč</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Swahili: <span class="Latn" lang="sw"><a href="/wiki/maneno_ya_mtaani#Swahili" title="maneno ya mtaani">maneno ya mtaani</a></span></li> <li>Swedish: <span class="Latn" lang="sv"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vardagsspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vardagsspråk (page does not exist)">vardagsspråk</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/vardagsspr%C3%A5k" class="extiw" title="sv:vardagsspråk">(sv)</a></span></li> <li>Telugu: (pranthiya)</li> <li>Turkish: <span class="Latn" lang="tr"><a href="/wiki/konu%C5%9Fma_dili#Turkish" title="konuşma dili">konuşma dili</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/konu%C5%9Fma_dili" class="extiw" title="tr:konuşma dili">(tr)</a></span></li> <li>Volapük: <span class="Latn" lang="vo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=komunap%C3%BCk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="komunapük (page does not exist)">komunapük</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-language_unique_to_a_particular_group_of_people"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">language unique to a particular group of people</div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="language unique to a particular group of people"><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81584270"> <ul><li>Afrikaans: <span class="Latn" lang="af"><a href="/wiki/dialek#Afrikaans" title="dialek">dialek</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialek" class="extiw" title="af:dialek">(af)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="af"><a href="/w/index.php?title=sosiolek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="sosiolek (page does not exist)">sosiolek</a></span></li> <li>Bulgarian: <span class="Cyrl" lang="bg"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="професионален жаргон (page does not exist)">професиона́лен жарго́н</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="bg-Latn" class="tr Latn">profesionálen žargón</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Dutch: <span class="Latn" lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/dialect#Dutch" title="dialect">dialect</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialect" class="extiw" title="nl:dialect">(nl)</a></span></li> <li>Finnish: <span class="Latn" lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/slangi#Finnish" title="slangi">slangi</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/slangi" class="extiw" title="fi:slangi">(fi)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/murre#Finnish" title="murre">murre</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/murre" class="extiw" title="fi:murre">(fi)</a></span></li> <li>French: <span class="Latn" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/dialecte#French" title="dialecte">dialecte</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialecte" class="extiw" title="fr:dialecte">(fr)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/idiome#French" title="idiome">idiome</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/idiome" class="extiw" title="fr:idiome">(fr)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/patois#French" title="patois">patois</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/patois" class="extiw" title="fr:patois">(fr)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Georgian: <span class="Geor" lang="ka"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98#Georgian" title="ჟარგონი">ჟარგონი</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ka.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" class="extiw" title="ka:ჟარგონი">(ka)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ka-Latn" class="tr Latn">žargoni</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>German: <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Dialekt#German" title="Dialekt">Dialekt</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dialekt" class="extiw" title="de:Dialekt">(de)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Idiom#German" title="Idiom">Idiom</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Idiom" class="extiw" title="de:Idiom">(de)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span></li> <li>Greek: <span class="Grek" lang="el"><a href="/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82#Greek" title="διάλεκτος">διάλεκτος</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:διάλεκτος">(el)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="el-Latn" class="tr Latn">diálektos</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Grek" lang="el"><a href="/wiki/%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1#Greek" title="ιδίωμα">ιδίωμα</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="el:ιδίωμα">(el)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="el-Latn" class="tr Latn">idíoma</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Italian: <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/dialetto#Italian" title="dialetto">dialetto</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialetto" class="extiw" title="it:dialetto">(it)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/idioma#Italian" title="idioma">idioma</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/idioma" class="extiw" title="it:idioma">(it)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/parlata#Italian" title="parlata">parlata</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/parlata" class="extiw" title="it:parlata">(it)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Polish: <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/dialekt#Polish" title="dialekt">dialekt</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialekt" class="extiw" title="pl:dialekt">(pl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/narzecze#Polish" title="narzecze">narzecze</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/narzecze" class="extiw" title="pl:narzecze">(pl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/gwara#Polish" title="gwara">gwara</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/gwara" class="extiw" title="pl:gwara">(pl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Portuguese: <span class="Latn" lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/fala#Portuguese" title="fala">fala</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/fala" class="extiw" title="pt:fala">(pt)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Russian: <span class="Cyrl" lang="ru"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="профессиональный жаргон (page does not exist)">профессиона́льный жарго́н</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="tr Latn">professionálʹnyj žargón</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Spanish: <span class="Latn" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/idioma#Spanish" title="idioma">idioma</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/idioma" class="extiw" title="es:idioma">(es)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/dialecto#Spanish" title="dialecto">dialecto</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialecto" class="extiw" title="es:dialecto">(es)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-spoken_language_as_opposed_to_literary_or_liturgical"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">spoken language as opposed to literary or liturgical</div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="spoken language as opposed to literary or liturgical"><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81584270"> <ul><li>Afrikaans: <span class="Latn" lang="af"><a href="/wiki/spreektaal#Afrikaans" title="spreektaal">spreektaal</a></span></li> <li>Danish: <span class="Latn" lang="da"><a href="/w/index.php?title=folkesprog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="folkesprog (page does not exist)">folkesprog</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span></li> <li>Dutch: <span class="Latn" lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/volkstaal#Dutch" title="volkstaal">volkstaal</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/volkstaal" class="extiw" title="nl:volkstaal">(nl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="nl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=stamtaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="stamtaal (page does not exist)">stamtaal</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/stamtaal" class="extiw" title="nl:stamtaal">(nl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Finnish: <span class="Latn" lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/kansankieli#Finnish" title="kansankieli">kansankieli</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/kansankieli" class="extiw" title="fi:kansankieli">(fi)</a></span></li> <li>French: <span class="Latn" lang="fr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=langue_vulgaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="langue vulgaire (page does not exist)">langue vulgaire</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/langue_vulgaire" class="extiw" title="fr:langue vulgaire">(fr)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>German: <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volkssprache#German" title="Volkssprache">Volkssprache</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Volkssprache" class="extiw" title="de:Volkssprache">(de)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Italian: <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/vernacolo#Italian" title="vernacolo">vernacolo</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacolo" class="extiw" title="it:vernacolo">(it)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Portuguese: <span class="Latn" lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo#Portuguese" title="vernáculo">vernáculo</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo" class="extiw" title="pt:vernáculo">(pt)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Spanish: <span class="Latn" lang="es"><a href="/w/index.php?title=lengua_vern%C3%A1cula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="lengua vernácula (page does not exist)">lengua vernácula</a></span></li> <li>Swedish: <span class="Latn" lang="sv"><a href="/w/index.php?title=folkspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="folkspråk (page does not exist)">folkspråk</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/folkspr%C3%A5k" class="extiw" title="sv:folkspråk">(sv)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/vernacular" title="w:vernacular"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/15px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/23px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> <b class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/vernacular" class="extiw" title="w:vernacular">vernacular</a></b> on Wikipedia.<span class="interProject"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/vernacular" class="extiw" title="w:vernacular">Wikipedia </a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjective">Adjective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Adjective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="en">vernacular</strong> (<i><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#comparative" title="Appendix:Glossary">comparative</a></i> <b class="Latn form-of lang-en comparative-form-of" lang="en">more <strong class="selflink">vernacular</strong></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#superlative" title="Appendix:Glossary">superlative</a></i> <b class="Latn form-of lang-en superlative-form-of" lang="en">most <strong class="selflink">vernacular</strong></b>)</span> </p> <ol><li>Of or pertaining to <a href="/wiki/everyday" title="everyday">everyday</a> <a href="/wiki/language" title="language">language</a>, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/standard" title="standard">standard</a>, <a href="/wiki/literary" title="literary">literary</a>, <a href="/wiki/liturgical" title="liturgical">liturgical</a>, or <a href="/wiki/scientific" title="scientific">scientific</a> idiom. <dl><dd><span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/common#English" title="common">common</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/everyday#English" title="everyday">everyday</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/indigenous#English" title="indigenous">indigenous</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/ordinary#English" title="ordinary">ordinary</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/vulgar#English" title="vulgar">vulgar</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/colloquial#English" title="colloquial">colloquial</a></span></span></dd></dl> <ul><li><div class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source"><span class="None" lang="und"><b>1983</b></span>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Ellis_(biologist)" class="extiw" title="w:Richard Ellis (biologist)">Richard Ellis</a>, <cite>The Book of Sharks</cite>, Knopf, <small><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0679722106" title="Special:BookSources/0679722106">→ISBN</a></small>, page <span class="None" lang="und">111</span>:</span><dl><dd><div class="h-quotation"><span class="Latn e-quotation cited-passage" lang="en">There are blacktips, silvertips, bronze whalers, black whalers, spinner sharks, and bignose sharks. These of course are <b>vernacular</b> names, but this is one case where the scientific nomenclature does not clarify the species, since it is now being revised.</span></div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></li> <li>Belonging to the country of one's birth; one's own by birth or nature. <dl><dd><span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/native#English" title="native">native</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/indigenous#English" title="indigenous">indigenous</a></span></span></dd> <dd><div class="h-usage-example"><i class="Latn mention e-example" lang="en">a <b>vernacular</b> disease</i></div></dd></dl></li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="/wiki/architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> Of or related to local building materials and styles; not imported. <dl><dd><span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonym:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/folk#English" title="folk">folk</a></span></span></dd></dl></li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="/wiki/art#Noun" title="art">art</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> Connected to a <a href="/wiki/collective_memory" title="collective memory">collective memory</a>; not imported.</li> <li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="/wiki/taxonomy" title="taxonomy">taxonomy</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> Not attempting to use the rules of a taxonomic code, especially, not using scientific Latin. <dl><dd><i>An English <b>vernacular</b> name for <span class="biota"><a href="/wiki/Rosa_multiflora#Translingual" title="Rosa multiflora"><i>Rosa multiflora</i></a></span> is multiflora rose.</i></dd></dl></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antonyms">Antonyms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Antonyms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/unvernacular#English" title="unvernacular">unvernacular</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hyponyms">Hyponyms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hyponyms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/neo-vernacular#English" title="neo-vernacular">neo-vernacular</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Derived_terms">Derived terms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Derived terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="list-switcher" data-toggle-category="derived terms"><div class="columns-bg term-list ul-column-count" data-column-count="3"><ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/vernacular_architecture#English" title="vernacular architecture">vernacular architecture</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/vernacular_dance#English" title="vernacular dance">vernacular dance</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/vernacularism#English" title="vernacularism">vernacularism</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/vernacularist#English" title="vernacularist">vernacularist</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernacular language (page does not exist)">vernacular language</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/vernacular_name#English" title="vernacular name">vernacular name</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/vernacular_school#English" title="vernacular school">vernacular school</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="list-switcher-element" data-showtext=" show more ▼ " data-hidetext=" show less ▲ " style="display:none"> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Translations_2">Translations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-pertaining_to_everyday_language"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">pertaining to everyday language</div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="pertaining to everyday language"><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81584270"> <ul><li>Bulgarian: <span class="Cyrl" lang="bg"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD#Bulgarian" title="народен">народен</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://bg.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="bg:народен">(bg)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="bg-Latn" class="tr Latn">naroden</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Cyrl" lang="bg"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="диалектен (page does not exist)">диалектен</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="bg-Latn" class="tr Latn">dialekten</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Catalan: <span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/vernacle#Catalan" title="vernacle">vernacle</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacle" class="extiw" title="ca:vernacle">(ca)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Catalan">vernacular</a></span></li> <li>Czech: <span class="Latn" lang="cs"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernakul%C3%A1rn%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernakulární (page does not exist)">vernakulární</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="cs"><a href="/wiki/lidov%C3%BD#Czech" title="lidový">lidový</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/lidov%C3%BD" class="extiw" title="cs:lidový">(cs)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="cs"><a href="/wiki/nespisovn%C3%BD#Czech" title="nespisovný">nespisovný</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="cs"><a href="/wiki/hovorov%C3%BD#Czech" title="hovorový">hovorový</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/hovorov%C3%BD" class="extiw" title="cs:hovorový">(cs)</a></span></li> <li>Finnish: <span class="Latn" lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/arkikielinen#Finnish" title="arkikielinen">arkikielinen</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/arkikielinen" class="extiw" title="fi:arkikielinen">(fi)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/kansankielinen#Finnish" title="kansankielinen">kansankielinen</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/puhekielinen#Finnish" title="puhekielinen">puhekielinen</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/puhekielinen" class="extiw" title="fi:puhekielinen">(fi)</a></span></li> <li>French: en langage courant</li> <li>German: <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/umgangssprachlich#German" title="umgangssprachlich">umgangssprachlich</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/umgangssprachlich" class="extiw" title="de:umgangssprachlich">(de)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Umgang#German" title="Umgang">Umgangs-</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Umgang" class="extiw" title="de:Umgang">(de)</a></span> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">noun prefix</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span></li> <li>Hungarian: <span class="Latn" lang="hu"><a href="/w/index.php?title=k%C3%B6znyelvi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="köznyelvi (page does not exist)">köznyelvi</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/k%C3%B6znyelvi" class="extiw" title="hu:köznyelvi">(hu)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="hu"><a href="/wiki/h%C3%A9tk%C3%B6znapi#Hungarian" title="hétköznapi">hétköznapi</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/h%C3%A9tk%C3%B6znapi" class="extiw" title="hu:hétköznapi">(hu)</a></span></li> <li>Icelandic: <span class="Latn" lang="is"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0tungu-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="þjóðtungu- (page does not exist)">þjóðtungu-</a></span></li> <li>Irish: <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/d%C3%BAchasach#Irish" title="dúchasach">dúchasach</a></span></li> <li>Italian: <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/vernacolare#Italian" title="vernacolare">vernacolare</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernacolare" class="extiw" title="it:vernacolare">(it)</a></span></li> <li>Manx: <span class="Latn" lang="gv"><a href="/wiki/dooghyssagh#Manx" title="dooghyssagh">dooghyssagh</a></span></li> <li>Polish: <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/wernakularny#Polish" title="wernakularny">wernakularny</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/wernakularny" class="extiw" title="pl:wernakularny">(pl)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/ludowy#Polish" title="ludowy">ludowy</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/ludowy" class="extiw" title="pl:ludowy">(pl)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=nieliteracki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="nieliteracki (page does not exist)">nieliteracki</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/potoczny#Polish" title="potoczny">potoczny</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/potoczny" class="extiw" title="pl:potoczny">(pl)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/obiegowy#Polish" title="obiegowy">obiegowy</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/obiegowy" class="extiw" title="pl:obiegowy">(pl)</a></span></li> <li>Portuguese: <span class="Latn" lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo#Portuguese" title="vernáculo">vernáculo</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo" class="extiw" title="pt:vernáculo">(pt)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pt"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Portuguese">vernacular</a></span></li> <li>Russian: (language of nationality) <span class="Cyrl" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9#Russian" title="народный">наро́дный</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:народный">(ru)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="tr Latn">naródnyj</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Cyrl" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9#Russian" title="местный">ме́стный</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:местный">(ru)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="tr Latn">méstnyj</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>; (non-standard language) <span class="Cyrl" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9#Russian" title="просторечный">просторе́чный</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:просторечный">(ru)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="tr Latn">prostoréčnyj</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Cyrl" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9#Russian" title="разговорный">разгово́рный</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:разговорный">(ru)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="tr Latn">razgovórnyj</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Slovak: <span class="Latn" lang="sk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernakul%C3%A1rny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernakulárny (page does not exist)">vernakulárny</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="sk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%BEudov%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ľudový (page does not exist)">ľudový</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://sk.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C4%BEudov%C3%BD" class="extiw" title="sk:ľudový">(sk)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="sk"><a href="/wiki/nespisovn%C3%BD#Slovak" title="nespisovný">nespisovný</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="sk"><a href="/wiki/hovorov%C3%BD#Slovak" title="hovorový">hovorový</a></span></li> <li>Spanish: <span class="Latn" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo#Spanish" title="vernáculo">vernáculo</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo" class="extiw" title="es:vernáculo">(es)</a></span></li> <li>Turkish: <span class="Latn" lang="tr"><a href="/wiki/vernak%C3%BCler#Turkish" title="vernaküler">vernaküler</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-of_or_related_to_local_building_materials_and_styles;_not_imported"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">of or related to local building materials and styles; not imported <span style="font-weight:normal">— <i>see also </i></span><a href="/wiki/folk#Translations" title="folk">folk</a></div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="of or related to local building materials and styles; not imported"><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81584270"> <ul><li>Bulgarian: <span class="Cyrl" lang="bg"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD#Bulgarian" title="местен">местен</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://bg.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="bg:местен">(bg)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="bg-Latn" class="tr Latn">mesten</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Czech: <span class="Latn" lang="cs"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernakul%C3%A1rn%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernakulární (page does not exist)">vernakulární</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="cs"><a href="/wiki/lidov%C3%BD#Czech" title="lidový">lidový</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/lidov%C3%BD" class="extiw" title="cs:lidový">(cs)</a></span></li> <li>Polish: <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/wernakularny#Polish" title="wernakularny">wernakularny</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/wernakularny" class="extiw" title="pl:wernakularny">(pl)</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/ludowy#Polish" title="ludowy">ludowy</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/ludowy" class="extiw" title="pl:ludowy">(pl)</a></span></li> <li>Russian: <span class="Cyrl" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9#Russian" title="народный">наро́дный</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:народный">(ru)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="tr Latn">naródnyj</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Slovak: <span class="Latn" lang="sk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernakul%C3%A1rny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernakulárny (page does not exist)">vernakulárny</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="sk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%BEudov%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ľudový (page does not exist)">ľudový</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://sk.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C4%BEudov%C3%BD" class="extiw" title="sk:ľudový">(sk)</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading_2">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.websters1913.com/words/Vernacular">vernacular</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary#Webster's_New_International_Dictionary_1909" class="extiw" title="w:Webster's Dictionary">Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary</a></cite>, Springfield, Mass.: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" class="extiw" title="w:Merriam-Webster">G. & C. Merriam</a>, <span class="None" lang="und">1913</span>, <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/800618302">→OCLC</a></small>.</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://triggs.djvu.org/century-dictionary.com/nph-chw.php?query=vernacular&type=dicts">vernacular</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_Dictionary" class="extiw" title="w:Century Dictionary">The Century Dictionary<span class="q-hellip-sp"> </span><span class="q-hellip-b"><span style="font-style: normal;">[</span></span><span title="and Cyclopedia: With a New Atlas of the World; a Work of General Reference in All Departments of Knowledge in Twelve Volumes">…</span><span class="q-hellip-b"><span style="font-style: normal;">]</span></span><span class="q-hellip-b"></span></a></cite>, New York, N.Y.: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Century_Company" class="extiw" title="w:The Century Company">The Century Co.</a>, <span class="None" lang="und">1911</span>, <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/867766587">→OCLC</a></small>.</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onelook.com/?w=vernacular&ls=a">vernacular</a>”, in <cite>OneLook Dictionary Search</cite>.</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portuguese">Portuguese</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Portuguese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation_2">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations" style="width: 57em; max-width:100%;"><span class="vsToggleElement" style="float: right;"> </span> <div class="vsShow" style="display:none"> <ul><li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" class="extiw" title="w:Brazilian Portuguese">Brazil</a></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Portuguese_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Portuguese pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/veʁ.na.kuˈlaʁ/</span> <span class="IPA">[veɦ.na.kuˈlah]</span></li></ul></div> <div class="vsHide"> <ul><li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" class="extiw" title="w:Brazilian Portuguese">Brazil</a></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Portuguese_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Portuguese pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/veʁ.na.kuˈlaʁ/</span> <span class="IPA">[veɦ.na.kuˈlah]</span> <ul><li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulistano_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Paulistano dialect">São Paulo</a></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Portuguese_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Portuguese pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/veɾ.na.kuˈlaɾ/</span></li> <li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carioca#Sociolect" class="extiw" title="w:Carioca">Rio de Janeiro</a></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Portuguese_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Portuguese pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/veʁ.na.kuˈlaʁ/</span> <span class="IPA">[veʁ.na.kuˈlaχ]</span></li> <li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">Southern Brazil</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Portuguese_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Portuguese pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/veɻ.na.kuˈlaɻ/</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> <div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations" style="width: 57em; max-width:100%;"><span class="vsToggleElement" style="float: right;"> </span> <div class="vsShow" style="display:none"> <ul><li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Portuguese" class="extiw" title="w:European Portuguese">Portugal</a></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Portuguese_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Portuguese pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/vɨɾ.nɐ.kuˈlaɾ/</span></li></ul></div> <div class="vsHide"> <ul><li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Portuguese" class="extiw" title="w:European Portuguese">Portugal</a></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Portuguese_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Portuguese pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/vɨɾ.nɐ.kuˈlaɾ/</span> <ul><li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Portuguese" class="extiw" title="w:Northern Portuguese">Northern Portugal</a></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Portuguese_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Portuguese pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/bɨɾ.nɐ.kuˈlaɾ/</span></li> <li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">Southern Portugal</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Portuguese_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Portuguese pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/vɨɾ.nɐ.kuˈla.ɾi/</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> <p><span></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjective_2">Adjective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Adjective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="pt">vernacular</strong> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr> or <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> (<i>plural</i> <b class="Latn form-of lang-pt p-form-of" lang="pt"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernaculares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernaculares (page does not exist)">vernaculares</a></b>)</span> </p> <ol><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#English">vernacular</a></span> <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">pertaining to everyday language</span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span> <dl><dd><span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonym:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/vern%C3%A1culo#Portuguese" title="vernáculo">vernáculo</a></span></span></dd></dl></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romanian">Romanian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Romanian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_2">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#loanword" title="Appendix:Glossary">Borrowed</a> from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" class="extiw" title="w:French language">French</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/vernaculaire#French" title="vernaculaire">vernaculaire</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjective_3">Adjective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Adjective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="ro">vernacular</strong> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr> or <abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span> (<i>feminine singular</i> <b class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernaculară (page does not exist)">vernaculară</a></b>, <i>masculine plural</i> <b class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernaculari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernaculari (page does not exist)">vernaculari</a></b>, <i>feminine and neuter plural</i> <b class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernaculare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernaculare (page does not exist)">vernaculare</a></b>)</span> </p> <ol><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#English">vernacular</a></span></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Declension">Declension</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Declension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="inflection-table-wrapper inflection-table-narrow inflection-table-yellow inflection-table-no-title" style="width: fit-content" data-toggle-category="inflection"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82815921">.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper{padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0;background:var(--wikt-palette-paleblue);border:1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper.inflection-table-narrow{}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper.inflection-table-no-title{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper>table{display:table;width:100%;margin:0;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px 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table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-magenta-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-magenta th.secondary{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-magenta-1)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-magenta th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-magenta-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-magenta th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-magenta-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-rose.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-rose-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-rose th.secondary{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-rose-1)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-rose th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-rose-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-rose th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-rose-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-grey.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-grey-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-grey th.secondary{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-grey-1)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-grey th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-grey-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-grey th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-grey-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-brown.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-brown-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-brown th.secondary{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-brown-1)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-brown th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-brown-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-brown th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-brown-4)}</style> <table class="inflection-table"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="outer" style="font-style:normal;max-width:20em"> </th> <th colspan="3" class="outer">singular </th> <td rowspan="999" class="separator"> </td> <th colspan="3" class="outer">plural </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th style="min-width: 0">masculine </th> <th style="min-width: 0">neuter </th> <th>feminine </th> <th>masculine </th> <th style="min-width: 0">neuter </th> <th style="min-width: 0">feminine </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">nominative-<br />accusative </th> <th class="secondary">indefinite </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><strong class="selflink">vernacular</strong></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernaculară (page does not exist)">vernaculară</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernaculari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernaculari (page does not exist)">vernaculari</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernaculare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernaculare (page does not exist)">vernaculare</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="secondary">definite </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacularul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernacularul (page does not exist)">vernacularul</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernaculara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernaculara (page does not exist)">vernaculara</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacularii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernacularii (page does not exist)">vernacularii</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacularele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernacularele (page does not exist)">vernacularele</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">genitive-<br />dative </th> <th class="secondary">indefinite </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><strong class="selflink">vernacular</strong></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernaculare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernaculare (page does not exist)">vernaculare</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernaculari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernaculari (page does not exist)">vernaculari</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernaculare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernaculare (page does not exist)">vernaculare</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="secondary">definite </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacularului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernacularului (page does not exist)">vernacularului</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacularei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernacularei (page does not exist)">vernacularei</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacularilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernacularilor (page does not exist)">vernacularilor</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacularelor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="vernacularelor (page does not exist)">vernacularelor</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=vernacular&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dexonline.ro/definitie-mda2/vernacular">vernacular</a> in Academia Română, <i>Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a</i>, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-606-8162-26-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-606-8162-26-3">→ISBN</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img 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