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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Udmurci</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 63 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="أدمورتيون – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أدمورتيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtos" title="Udmurtos – aragoński" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Udmurtos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Удмуртал – awarski" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Удмуртал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="awarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtlar" title="Udmurtlar – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Udmurtlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اودمورت‌لار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اودمورت‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Удмурттар – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Удмурттар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Удмурты – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Удмурты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Удмурти – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Удмурти" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurts" title="Udmurts – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Udmurts" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Удмуртсем – czuwaski" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Удмуртсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="czuwaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurti" title="Udmurti – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Udmurti" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtere" title="Udmurtere – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Udmurtere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurten" title="Udmurten – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Udmurten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurdid" title="Udmurdid – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Udmurdid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Ουντμούρτοι – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουντμούρτοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurts" title="Udmurts – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Udmurts" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82" title="Удмуртт – erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Удмуртт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtos" title="Udmurtos – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Udmurtos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtoj" title="Udmurtoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Udmurtoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurt" title="Udmurt – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Udmurt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="اودمورت – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اودمورت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudmourtes" title="Oudmourtes – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oudmourtes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtlar" title="Udmurtlar – gagauski" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Udmurtlar" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%AC%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="우드무르트인 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우드무르트인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ուդմուրտներ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուդմուրտներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurti" title="Udmurti – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Udmurti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Udmurt" title="Suku Udmurt – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Udmurt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Удмуртаг адæм – osetyjski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Удмуртаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurti" title="Udmurti – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Udmurti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אודמורטים – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אודמורטים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="უდმურტები – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უდმურტები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ұдмұрттар – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұдмұрттар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Удмуртъяс – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Удмуртъяс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Удмурт – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Удмурт" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurti" title="Udmurti – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Udmurti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtai" title="Udmurtai – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Udmurtai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtok" title="Udmurtok – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Udmurtok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Удмурти – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Удмурти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഉദ്മൂർത് ഗോത്രം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉദ്മൂർത് ഗോത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ادمورتيين – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادمورتيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedmoerten" title="Oedmoerten – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oedmoerten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%89%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E4%BA%BA" title="ウドムルト人 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウドムルト人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Удмурташ – czeczeński" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Удмурташ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="czeczeński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurter" title="Udmurter – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Udmurter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtar" title="Udmurtar – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Udmurtar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtlar" title="Udmurtlar – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Udmurtlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Удмурт отир – komi-permiacki" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Удмурт отир" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtes" title="Udmurtes – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Udmurtes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmur%C8%9Bi" title="Udmurți – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Udmurți" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Удмурты – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Удмурты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Удмурти – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Удмурти" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurti" title="Udmurti – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Udmurti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtit" title="Udmurtit – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Udmurtit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurter" title="Udmurter – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Udmurter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Удмуртлар – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Удмуртлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurtlar" title="Udmurtlar – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Udmurtlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81" title="Удмуртъёс – udmurcki" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Удмуртъёс" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurcki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Удмурти – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Удмурти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Udmurt" title="Người Udmurt – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Udmurt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udmurdiq" title="Udmurdiq – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Udmurdiq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="乌德穆尔特人 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乌德穆尔特人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="乌德穆尔特人 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乌德穆尔特人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Udmurt" title="Jolma Udmurt – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Udmurt" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184922#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurci&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurci&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:021_Description_of_all_the_Russian_state-dwelling_peoples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/021_Description_of_all_the_Russian_state-dwelling_peoples.jpg/220px-021_Description_of_all_the_Russian_state-dwelling_peoples.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/021_Description_of_all_the_Russian_state-dwelling_peoples.jpg/330px-021_Description_of_all_the_Russian_state-dwelling_peoples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/021_Description_of_all_the_Russian_state-dwelling_peoples.jpg/440px-021_Description_of_all_the_Russian_state-dwelling_peoples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="926" /></a><figcaption>Osiemnastowieczny rysunek przedstawiający Udmurtę.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Udmurci</b> (przest. Wotiacy) – naród <a href="/wiki/Ludy_ugrofi%C5%84skie" title="Ludy ugrofińskie">ugrofiński</a>, zamieszkujący <a href="/wiki/Rosja" title="Rosja">Rosję</a>. </p><p>W spisie powszechnym z 2010 roku 552 299 osób zdeklarowało narodowość udmurcką<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>. Większość mieszka na terenie <a href="/wiki/Udmurcja" title="Udmurcja">Republiki Udmurcji</a>, a ponadto w <a href="/wiki/Baszkortostan" title="Baszkortostan">Baszkortostanie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstanie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El">Mari El</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obw%C3%B3d_kirowski" title="Obwód kirowski">obwodzie kirowskim</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kraj_Permski" title="Kraj Permski">Kraju Permskim</a>. Posługują się <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_udmurcki" title="Język udmurcki">językiem udmurckim</a> z grupy <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_permskie" title="Języki permskie">permskiej</a> języków <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_ugrofi%C5%84skie" title="Języki ugrofińskie">ugrofińskich</a>. </p><p>Nazwa <i>Udmurci</i> (l.poj. <i>Udmurta</i>) to etymologicznie złożenie, którego pierwsza część, <i>ud-</i>, wydaje się spokrewniona z <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_maryjski" title="Język maryjski">maryjskim</a> <i>odo</i> ‘Udmurta’, zaś druga część, <i>murt</i>, znaczy po udmurcku ‘człowiek’<sup id="cite_ref-p1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p1-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>W XIII w. ziemie Udmurtów zostały podbite przez <a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82ota_Orda" title="Złota Orda">Złotą Ordę</a>, a po jej rozpadzie w XV w. przeszły pod panowanie <a href="/wiki/Chanat_Kaza%C5%84ski" title="Chanat Kazański">Chanatu Kazańskiego</a>. W 1552 r. włączone w skład <a href="/wiki/Ksi%C4%99stwo_Moskiewskie" title="Księstwo Moskiewskie">Księstwa Moskiewskiego</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurci&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udmurci&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm"><i>Том 4. Национальный состав и владение языками, гражданство</i></a> [online], www.gks.ru<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-30]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+4.+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%2C+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-p1_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Péter Hajdú: <i>Narody i języki uralskie</i>. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1971, s. 201.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narody+i+j%C4%99zyki+uralskie&rft.au=P%C3%A9ter+Hajd%C3%BA&rft.pub=Pa%C5%84stwowe+Wydawnictwo+Naukowe&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=201"></span></cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Grupa_etniczna" title="Grupa etniczna">grupa etniczna</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85139259">sh85139259</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph554815">ph554815</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007558588005171">987007558588005171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Udmurt">topic/Udmurt</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/4215941">4215941</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/udmurter">udmurter</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Udmurci&oldid=72933854">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Udmurci&oldid=72933854</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Udmurci" title="Kategoria:Udmurci">Udmurci</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Etnografia_Rosji" title="Kategoria:Etnografia Rosji">Etnografia Rosji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Narodowo%C5%9Bci" title="Kategoria:Narodowości">Narodowości</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ludy_permskie" title="Kategoria:Ludy permskie">Ludy permskie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 21 lut 2024, 11:57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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