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$viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":35004922,"first_name":"Semir","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Zeki","page_name":"SemirZeki","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-17T12:05:55.444-07:00","display_name":"Semir Zeki","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SemirZeki","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png","has_photo":false,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/SemirZeki","location":"/SemirZeki","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/SemirZeki","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" 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class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Semir Zeki</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101104356"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101104356/The_power_of_external_influences_to_modify_judgments_of_facial_and_moral_beauty"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The power of external influences to modify judgments of facial and moral beauty" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101736193/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101104356/The_power_of_external_influences_to_modify_judgments_of_facial_and_moral_beauty">The power of external influences to modify judgments of facial and moral beauty</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PsyCh Journal</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5e2050691f8f5a133cdbefcbde6bc43f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":101736193,"asset_id":101104356,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101736193/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper 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_.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5e2050691f8f5a133cdbefcbde6bc43f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101104356]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101104356,"title":"The power of external influences to modify judgments of facial and moral beauty","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Wiley","grobid_abstract":"Empirical evidence shows that the often-made positive correlation between human physical and moral beauty is tenuous. In this study, we aimed to learn whether facial and moral beauty can be psychophysically separated. Participants (n = 95) provided beauty and goodness (i.e. trustworthiness) ratings for pictures of faces, after which they were presented with a fictitious peer rating for the same face and asked to re-rate the face. We used the difference between the initial and final ratings to quantify the degree of resistance to external influence. We found that judgments of facial beauty were more resistant to external influence than judgments of facial \"goodness\"; in addition, there was significantly higher agreement within beauty ratings than within goodness ratings. These findings are discussed in light of our Bayesian-Laplacian classification of priors, from which we conclude that moral beauty relies more upon acquired 'artifactual' priors and facial beauty more on inherited biological priors.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PsyCh Journal","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":101736193},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101104356/The_power_of_external_influences_to_modify_judgments_of_facial_and_moral_beauty","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-02T03:47:40.704-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":35004922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":101736193,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101736193/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Zeki_External_influence_on_beauty_and_goodness_Current_-_Updated.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101736193/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_power_of_external_influences_to_modi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/101736193/Zeki_External_influence_on_beauty_and_goodness_Current_-_Updated-libre.pdf?1683041829=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_power_of_external_influences_to_modi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732472717\u0026Signature=UjC9rXfqVgMTi8002nrGx927qSnmT5Rxjkdw0PeXwSgXqiDmmHU2UkIQDHoCrq1-624RDgXsb7Yi~lQkO3226WGluXq7n3YBjb-sDIPQSa~bQnLH26todJOI1GNR5zttCZtbb5vPen~14l6GLtuvbaLntG3dDGdQXNRSKFnXyr9K49h6SSt-xuR2W86axoYOuNfvjhYwb2BNIwcdwgMzyZfxHQY2DEguPjXzzk~S77yiZrgIG3zPob6zPj0y~1UoUh1u8qJ0l7scf2y59ljkwSqvxuAFIFrZSpuW2vkns0qIIxoId6yx4BG2FRRPhTjowSR9GM6JNQhhzBs06Torhg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_power_of_external_influences_to_modify_judgments_of_facial_and_moral_beauty","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":35004922,"first_name":"Semir","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Zeki","page_name":"SemirZeki","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-17T12:05:55.444-07:00","display_name":"Semir Zeki","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SemirZeki"},"attachments":[{"id":101736193,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101736193/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Zeki_External_influence_on_beauty_and_goodness_Current_-_Updated.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101736193/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_power_of_external_influences_to_modi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/101736193/Zeki_External_influence_on_beauty_and_goodness_Current_-_Updated-libre.pdf?1683041829=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_power_of_external_influences_to_modi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732472717\u0026Signature=UjC9rXfqVgMTi8002nrGx927qSnmT5Rxjkdw0PeXwSgXqiDmmHU2UkIQDHoCrq1-624RDgXsb7Yi~lQkO3226WGluXq7n3YBjb-sDIPQSa~bQnLH26todJOI1GNR5zttCZtbb5vPen~14l6GLtuvbaLntG3dDGdQXNRSKFnXyr9K49h6SSt-xuR2W86axoYOuNfvjhYwb2BNIwcdwgMzyZfxHQY2DEguPjXzzk~S77yiZrgIG3zPob6zPj0y~1UoUh1u8qJ0l7scf2y59ljkwSqvxuAFIFrZSpuW2vkns0qIIxoId6yx4BG2FRRPhTjowSR9GM6JNQhhzBs06Torhg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":52566,"name":"Psych","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psych"},{"id":68023,"name":"Beauty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beauty"}],"urls":[{"id":31095194,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pchj.492"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=56817751]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":56817751,"title":"The differential power of extraneous influences to modify aesthetic judgments of biological and artifactual stimuli","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Wiley","publication_name":"PsyCh Journal"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56817751/The_differential_power_of_extraneous_influences_to_modify_aesthetic_judgments_of_biological_and_artifactual_stimuli","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-09T10:59:48.600-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":35004922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_differential_power_of_extraneous_influences_to_modify_aesthetic_judgments_of_biological_and_artifactual_stimuli","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":35004922,"first_name":"Semir","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Zeki","page_name":"SemirZeki","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-17T12:05:55.444-07:00","display_name":"Semir Zeki","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SemirZeki"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":52566,"name":"Psych","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psych"}],"urls":[{"id":12665805,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pchj.415"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="56817750"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/56817750/The_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Beauty"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Biological Basis of Mathematical Beauty" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72017570/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/56817750/The_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Beauty">The Biological Basis of Mathematical Beauty</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Human Neuroscience</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bd91dee8efa963547afbd422db15a644" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":72017570,"asset_id":56817750,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72017570/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="56817750"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56817750"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56817750; 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The aesthetic experience of biological beauty is dictated by inherited brain concepts, which are resistant to change even in spite of extensive experience. The experience of artifactual beauty on the other hand is determined by post-natally acquired concepts, which are modifiable throughout life by exposure to different experiences (Zeki, 2009; Zeki and Ch茅n, 2016). Hence, in terms of aesthetic rating, biological beauty (in which we include the experience of beautiful faces or human bodies) is characterized by less variability between individuals belonging to different ethnic origins and cultural backgrounds or the same individual at different times. Artifactual beauty (in which we include the aesthetic experience of human artifacts, such as buildings and cars) is characterized by greater variability between individuals belonging to different ethnic and cultural groupings and by the same individual at different times. In this paper, we present results to show that the experience of mathematical beauty (Zeki et al., 2014), even though it constitutes an extreme example of beauty that is dependent upon (mathematical) culture and learning, is consistent with one of the characteristics of the biological categories, namely a lesser variability in terms of the aesthetic ratings given to mathematical formulae experienced as beautiful.","publication_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":72017570},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56817750/The_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Beauty","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-09T10:59:48.356-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":35004922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72017570,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72017570/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Zeki_The_20Biological_20Basis_20of_20Mathematical_20Beauty_VoR.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72017570/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Bea.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/72017570/Zeki_The_20Biological_20Basis_20of_20Mathematical_20Beauty_VoR-libre.pdf?1633803344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Bea.pdf\u0026Expires=1732472717\u0026Signature=NCoArSYwQoj9Z0bsmdSBQR5nYKTdlhzz0rtGX6~BCfBVRUzXQUe8NAONAH-nEuIsCYukBJ8PUFlL3RHiey5r~dPefcTXPtQOfJPGCcyaA4vMuS3IfNSJEu0DA56gmp5M~J~Xve9KIqScZ0CUtnihld~lwgcB-r3chQ-RsUmNlJYSgQR9VXdAxUJlFGXASbiiawZyBNmwA~3pfYSbJaLXswEko86Ar8BmnOkwo~eJtN9R-kTJcQ4QJQS8yewmBPOgfihVchcgb6y~Ai2sTmKHzDu1thFvS-4Y372EFTL5~CfLc--e8t~cpxHhHzyzsuPlCVAmVZslayuDlKLRbspA1Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Beauty","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":35004922,"first_name":"Semir","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Zeki","page_name":"SemirZeki","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-17T12:05:55.444-07:00","display_name":"Semir Zeki","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SemirZeki"},"attachments":[{"id":72017570,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72017570/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Zeki_The_20Biological_20Basis_20of_20Mathematical_20Beauty_VoR.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72017570/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Bea.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/72017570/Zeki_The_20Biological_20Basis_20of_20Mathematical_20Beauty_VoR-libre.pdf?1633803344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Bea.pdf\u0026Expires=1732472717\u0026Signature=NCoArSYwQoj9Z0bsmdSBQR5nYKTdlhzz0rtGX6~BCfBVRUzXQUe8NAONAH-nEuIsCYukBJ8PUFlL3RHiey5r~dPefcTXPtQOfJPGCcyaA4vMuS3IfNSJEu0DA56gmp5M~J~Xve9KIqScZ0CUtnihld~lwgcB-r3chQ-RsUmNlJYSgQR9VXdAxUJlFGXASbiiawZyBNmwA~3pfYSbJaLXswEko86Ar8BmnOkwo~eJtN9R-kTJcQ4QJQS8yewmBPOgfihVchcgb6y~Ai2sTmKHzDu1thFvS-4Y372EFTL5~CfLc--e8t~cpxHhHzyzsuPlCVAmVZslayuDlKLRbspA1Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":12665804,"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00467/full"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Twenty subjects viewed and rerated, in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner, 120 images which each had classified into the following four categories: beautiful and sad; beautiful and joyful; neutral; ugly. The medial orbito-frontal cortex (mOFC) was active during the experience of both types of beauty. Otherwise, the two experiences engaged different parts of the brain: joyful beauty engaged areas linked to positive emotions while sorrowful beauty engaged areas linked to negative experiences. Separate regions of the cerebellum were engaged during experience of the two conditions. A functional connectivity analysis indicated that the activity within the mOFC was modulated by the supplementary motor area/middle cingulate cortex, known to be engaged during empathetic experiences provoked by other peoples' sadness. 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This research is congruent with the philosophical concept of Emergent Materialism. That is, that a large-numbered, dynamically active system like a brain possesses properties not explicable in terms of the properties of its individual elements, the neurons. Perception is an emergent process of the brain, one of the many that compose what is traditionally called mind, which I designate by the active verb, to mind. It is the major theme of my lecture that perceptions vary greatly in content and complexity, from those virtually isomorphic with external reality to those that are central neural constructions. I shall first describe one of the quasi-isomorphic class, the sense of flutter, a mechanoreceptive component of somatic sensibility. I shall show the identity of the human and monkey capacities for frequency discrimination in this sense; illustrate the critical neural discriminandum in the postcentral gyrus of the discriminating monkey; describe the propagation of that signal from the primary sensory cortex through the distributed system linking it to the contralateral motor cortex, and specify the composition there of neuronal signals for differential motor response. I shall then turn to an emergent function of developed brains, their capacity to construct and update images of surrounding space, and to identify the spatial relations between objects in that space. These perceptual functions are ordinarily executed at preconscious levels, as witness the usually unnoticed role of the visual flow fields in guiding locomotion; they can be brought to conscious perception by directed attention. Lesion studies in humans and monkeys indicate that the parietal lobe system plays an essential role in these aspects of visuospatial perception, and the visual guidance of pointing, reaching, and locomotion. The functional properties of several classes of neurons in the posterior parietal homotypical cortex of the monkey mimic many of the functions attributed to the parietal system, and mirror the defects seen in man and monkey after parietal lobe lesions. I shall describe only the parietal visual neurons (PVNs), whose properties are not predictable from those of neurons in the multi-staged, transcortical system linking the striate and parietal areas. Those properties are constructed within the parietal system itself. PVNs are well-suited to signal events in the visual flow fields during locomotion. Moreover, population analysis reveals that ensembles of PVNs provide an accurate signal of the direction of moving visual stimuli, even though each single neuron provides only an imprecise signal of that direction: it is of a central construction not derivable from the properties of single neurons.","publication_name":"Neuroscience Research Supplements","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":72017571},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56817747/Area_V5_of_the_primate_brain_past_present_future","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-09T10:59:47.668-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":35004922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72017571,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72017571/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"0921-8696_2894_2992273-X20211009-27992-172n3ya.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72017571/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Area_V5_of_the_primate_brain_past_presen.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/72017571/0921-8696_2894_2992273-X20211009-27992-172n3ya-libre.pdf?1633803341=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArea_V5_of_the_primate_brain_past_presen.pdf\u0026Expires=1732447145\u0026Signature=JXEEDA20ZhR2YCLPvUqT2HTJthutFjwVAbvvKvJrzep-F25ETE5d3ZhUMSi-S4tfACPmVzk~XpvVnRhylwSLHT0CcYnPCLZ~rMKsRvp2xlNZfPHG-pxRfzgOs24JQhwY07gQ4TimeuANnh-xoOOOD8HpDXS5JiuJEEY9qZX6JjtXAtA4AJZt1CmWnn-WJXhFucqqADlgAppN~ryeUsQLaI7oFDbgmGbOjiLj7tbS6xC2krbNLDjVkIqnLnL01iz4G5DBDACxhcmKwYK8I1u2Nyn1-bvPBhv6YabpELHT5iHaonaSTjlN0Qf~7~eLQGX6rROM5ngj1l1nW8pTjbDiLw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Area_V5_of_the_primate_brain_past_present_future","translated_slug":"","page_count":1,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":35004922,"first_name":"Semir","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Zeki","page_name":"SemirZeki","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-17T12:05:55.444-07:00","display_name":"Semir Zeki","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SemirZeki"},"attachments":[{"id":72017571,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72017571/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"0921-8696_2894_2992273-X20211009-27992-172n3ya.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72017571/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Area_V5_of_the_primate_brain_past_presen.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/72017571/0921-8696_2894_2992273-X20211009-27992-172n3ya-libre.pdf?1633803341=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArea_V5_of_the_primate_brain_past_presen.pdf\u0026Expires=1732447145\u0026Signature=JXEEDA20ZhR2YCLPvUqT2HTJthutFjwVAbvvKvJrzep-F25ETE5d3ZhUMSi-S4tfACPmVzk~XpvVnRhylwSLHT0CcYnPCLZ~rMKsRvp2xlNZfPHG-pxRfzgOs24JQhwY07gQ4TimeuANnh-xoOOOD8HpDXS5JiuJEEY9qZX6JjtXAtA4AJZt1CmWnn-WJXhFucqqADlgAppN~ryeUsQLaI7oFDbgmGbOjiLj7tbS6xC2krbNLDjVkIqnLnL01iz4G5DBDACxhcmKwYK8I1u2Nyn1-bvPBhv6YabpELHT5iHaonaSTjlN0Qf~7~eLQGX6rROM5ngj1l1nW8pTjbDiLw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":12665802,"url":"http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:092186969492273X?httpAccept=text/xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="56817746"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/56817746/The_Constancy_of_Colored_After_Images"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Constancy of Colored After-Images" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72017574/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/56817746/The_Constancy_of_Colored_After_Images">The Constancy of Colored After-Images</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We undertook psychophysical experiments to determine whether the color of the after-image produce...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We undertook psychophysical experiments to determine whether the color of the after-image produced by viewing a colored patch which is part of a complex multi-colored scene depends on the wavelength-energy composition of the light reflected from that patch. Our results show that, just as the color of a patch which is part of a complex scene is independent of the wavelength-energy composition of the light coming from it alone, but depends as well on the wavelength-energy composition of the light coming from its surrounds, so is the color of its after-image. Hence, traditional accounts of after-images as being the result of retinal adaptation or the perceptual result of physiological opponency, are inadequate. We propose instead that the color of after-images is generated after colors themselves are generated in the visual brain.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0a0ac96d32e0e805d5a0f362745ac5cd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":72017574,"asset_id":56817746,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72017574/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="56817746"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56817746"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56817746; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56817746]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56817746]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56817746; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='56817746']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56817746, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0a0ac96d32e0e805d5a0f362745ac5cd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=56817746]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":56817746,"title":"The Constancy of Colored After-Images","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"We undertook psychophysical experiments to determine whether the color of the after-image produced by viewing a colored patch which is part of a complex multi-colored scene depends on the wavelength-energy composition of the light reflected from that patch. Our results show that, just as the color of a patch which is part of a complex scene is independent of the wavelength-energy composition of the light coming from it alone, but depends as well on the wavelength-energy composition of the light coming from its surrounds, so is the color of its after-image. Hence, traditional accounts of after-images as being the result of retinal adaptation or the perceptual result of physiological opponency, are inadequate. We propose instead that the color of after-images is generated after colors themselves are generated in the visual brain.","publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"We undertook psychophysical experiments to determine whether the color of the after-image produced by viewing a colored patch which is part of a complex multi-colored scene depends on the wavelength-energy composition of the light reflected from that patch. Our results show that, just as the color of a patch which is part of a complex scene is independent of the wavelength-energy composition of the light coming from it alone, but depends as well on the wavelength-energy composition of the light coming from its surrounds, so is the color of its after-image. Hence, traditional accounts of after-images as being the result of retinal adaptation or the perceptual result of physiological opponency, are inadequate. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="3563629" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101104356"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101104356/The_power_of_external_influences_to_modify_judgments_of_facial_and_moral_beauty"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The power of external influences to modify judgments of facial and moral beauty" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101736193/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101104356/The_power_of_external_influences_to_modify_judgments_of_facial_and_moral_beauty">The power of external influences to modify judgments of facial and moral beauty</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PsyCh Journal</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5e2050691f8f5a133cdbefcbde6bc43f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":101736193,"asset_id":101104356,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101736193/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101104356"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101104356"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101104356; 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The aesthetic experience of biological beauty is dictated by inherited brain concepts, which are resistant to change even in spite of extensive experience. The experience of artifactual beauty on the other hand is determined by post-natally acquired concepts, which are modifiable throughout life by exposure to different experiences (Zeki, 2009; Zeki and Ch茅n, 2016). Hence, in terms of aesthetic rating, biological beauty (in which we include the experience of beautiful faces or human bodies) is characterized by less variability between individuals belonging to different ethnic origins and cultural backgrounds or the same individual at different times. Artifactual beauty (in which we include the aesthetic experience of human artifacts, such as buildings and cars) is characterized by greater variability between individuals belonging to different ethnic and cultural groupings and by the same individual at different times. In this paper, we present results to show that the experience of mathematical beauty (Zeki et al., 2014), even though it constitutes an extreme example of beauty that is dependent upon (mathematical) culture and learning, is consistent with one of the characteristics of the biological categories, namely a lesser variability in terms of the aesthetic ratings given to mathematical formulae experienced as beautiful.","publication_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":72017570},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56817750/The_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Beauty","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-09T10:59:48.356-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":35004922,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72017570,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72017570/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Zeki_The_20Biological_20Basis_20of_20Mathematical_20Beauty_VoR.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72017570/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Bea.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/72017570/Zeki_The_20Biological_20Basis_20of_20Mathematical_20Beauty_VoR-libre.pdf?1633803344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Bea.pdf\u0026Expires=1732472717\u0026Signature=NCoArSYwQoj9Z0bsmdSBQR5nYKTdlhzz0rtGX6~BCfBVRUzXQUe8NAONAH-nEuIsCYukBJ8PUFlL3RHiey5r~dPefcTXPtQOfJPGCcyaA4vMuS3IfNSJEu0DA56gmp5M~J~Xve9KIqScZ0CUtnihld~lwgcB-r3chQ-RsUmNlJYSgQR9VXdAxUJlFGXASbiiawZyBNmwA~3pfYSbJaLXswEko86Ar8BmnOkwo~eJtN9R-kTJcQ4QJQS8yewmBPOgfihVchcgb6y~Ai2sTmKHzDu1thFvS-4Y372EFTL5~CfLc--e8t~cpxHhHzyzsuPlCVAmVZslayuDlKLRbspA1Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Beauty","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":35004922,"first_name":"Semir","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Zeki","page_name":"SemirZeki","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-17T12:05:55.444-07:00","display_name":"Semir Zeki","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SemirZeki"},"attachments":[{"id":72017570,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/72017570/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Zeki_The_20Biological_20Basis_20of_20Mathematical_20Beauty_VoR.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72017570/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2OTExNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Bea.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/72017570/Zeki_The_20Biological_20Basis_20of_20Mathematical_20Beauty_VoR-libre.pdf?1633803344=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Biological_Basis_of_Mathematical_Bea.pdf\u0026Expires=1732472717\u0026Signature=NCoArSYwQoj9Z0bsmdSBQR5nYKTdlhzz0rtGX6~BCfBVRUzXQUe8NAONAH-nEuIsCYukBJ8PUFlL3RHiey5r~dPefcTXPtQOfJPGCcyaA4vMuS3IfNSJEu0DA56gmp5M~J~Xve9KIqScZ0CUtnihld~lwgcB-r3chQ-RsUmNlJYSgQR9VXdAxUJlFGXASbiiawZyBNmwA~3pfYSbJaLXswEko86Ar8BmnOkwo~eJtN9R-kTJcQ4QJQS8yewmBPOgfihVchcgb6y~Ai2sTmKHzDu1thFvS-4Y372EFTL5~CfLc--e8t~cpxHhHzyzsuPlCVAmVZslayuDlKLRbspA1Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":12665804,"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00467/full"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Twenty subjects viewed and rerated, in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner, 120 images which each had classified into the following four categories: beautiful and sad; beautiful and joyful; neutral; ugly. The medial orbito-frontal cortex (mOFC) was active during the experience of both types of beauty. Otherwise, the two experiences engaged different parts of the brain: joyful beauty engaged areas linked to positive emotions while sorrowful beauty engaged areas linked to negative experiences. Separate regions of the cerebellum were engaged during experience of the two conditions. A functional connectivity analysis indicated that the activity within the mOFC was modulated by the supplementary motor area/middle cingulate cortex, known to be engaged during empathetic experiences provoked by other peoples' sadness. 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The Neural Correlates of Love. 17. Brain Concepts of Unity and Annihilation in Love. 18. ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... 16. The Neural Correlates of Love. 17. Brain Concepts of Unity and Annihilation in Love. 18. Sacred and Profane. 19. The Metamorphosis of the Brain Concept of Love in Dante. 20. Wagner and Tristan und Isolde. 21. 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This research is congruent with the philosophical concept of Emergent Materialism. That is, that a large-numbered, dynamically active system like a brain possesses properties not explicable in terms of the properties of its individual elements, the neurons. Perception is an emergent process of the brain, one of the many that compose what is traditionally called mind, which I designate by the active verb, to mind. It is the major theme of my lecture that perceptions vary greatly in content and complexity, from those virtually isomorphic with external reality to those that are central neural constructions. I shall first describe one of the quasi-isomorphic class, the sense of flutter, a mechanoreceptive component of somatic sensibility. I shall show the identity of the human and monkey capacities for frequency discrimination in this sense; illustrate the critical neural discriminandum in the postcentral gyrus of the discriminating monkey; describe the propagation of that signal from the primary sensory cortex through the distributed system linking it to the contralateral motor cortex, and specify the composition there of neuronal signals for differential motor response. I shall then turn to an emergent function of developed brains, their capacity to construct and update images of surrounding space, and to identify the spatial relations between objects in that space. These perceptual functions are ordinarily executed at preconscious levels, as witness the usually unnoticed role of the visual flow fields in guiding locomotion; they can be brought to conscious perception by directed attention. Lesion studies in humans and monkeys indicate that the parietal lobe system plays an essential role in these aspects of visuospatial perception, and the visual guidance of pointing, reaching, and locomotion. The functional properties of several classes of neurons in the posterior parietal homotypical cortex of the monkey mimic many of the functions attributed to the parietal system, and mirror the defects seen in man and monkey after parietal lobe lesions. I shall describe only the parietal visual neurons (PVNs), whose properties are not predictable from those of neurons in the multi-staged, transcortical system linking the striate and parietal areas. Those properties are constructed within the parietal system itself. PVNs are well-suited to signal events in the visual flow fields during locomotion. 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Our results show that, just as the color of a patch which is part of a complex scene is independent of the wavelength-energy composition of the light coming from it alone, but depends as well on the wavelength-energy composition of the light coming from its surrounds, so is the color of its after-image. Hence, traditional accounts of after-images as being the result of retinal adaptation or the perceptual result of physiological opponency, are inadequate. 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