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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of former British protectorates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_former_British_protectorates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of former British protectorates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_former_British_protectorates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Arab world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sub-Saharan_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-Saharan_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Sub-Saharan Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-Saharan_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Oceania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_former_British_protected_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_former_British_protected_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of former British protected states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_former_British_protected_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" 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interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorado_brit%C3%A1nico" title="Protectorado británico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Protectorado británico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brita_protektorato" title="Brita protektorato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brita protektorato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protektorat_Inggris" title="Protektorat Inggris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Protektorat Inggris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brits_protectoraat" title="Brits protectoraat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brits protectoraat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Британський протекторат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Британський протекторат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorates&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="British protectorates">British protectorates</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Territory over which the British government exercised limited jurisdiction</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the period during the Commonwealth of England, see <a href="/wiki/The_Protectorate" title="The Protectorate">The Protectorate</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>British protectorates</b> were <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorates</a> under the jurisdiction of the British government. Many territories which became British protectorates already had local rulers with whom the Crown negotiated through treaty, acknowledging their status whilst simultaneously offering protection. British protectorates were therefore governed by <a href="/wiki/Indirect_rule" title="Indirect rule">indirect rule</a>. In most cases, the local ruler, as well as the subjects of the ruler, were not British subjects. <b>British protected states</b> represented a more loose form of British <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a>, where the local rulers retained absolute control over the states' internal affairs and the British exercised control over defence and foreign affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950–51_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950–51-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation">Implementation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the British took over <a href="/wiki/Cephalonia" title="Cephalonia">Cephalonia</a> in 1809, they proclaimed, "We present ourselves to you, Inhabitants of Cephalonia, not as invaders, with views of conquest, but as allies who hold forth to you the advantages of British protection."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the British continued to occupy the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic wars">Napoleonic wars</a>, they did not formally annex the islands but described them as a protectorate. The islands were constituted by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1815)" title="Treaty of Paris (1815)">Treaty of Paris</a> in 1815 as the independent <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">United States of the Ionian Islands</a> under British protection. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> was a British protectorate between the capitulation of the French in 1800 and the Treaty of Paris of 1814. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely states</a> of India was another example of <a href="/wiki/Indirect_rule" title="Indirect rule">indirect rule</a> during the time of Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So too were many of the West African holdings.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other British protectorates followed. In the Pacific Ocean the sixteen islands of the Gilberts (now <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>) were declared a British Protectorate by Captain Davis R.N., of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Royalist_(1883)" title="HMS Royalist (1883)">HMS <i>Royalist</i></a> between 27 May and 17 June 1892. The <i>Royalist</i> also visited each of the Ellice Islands, and Captain Davis was requested by islanders to raise the British flag, but he did not have instructions to declare the Ellice Islands as a protectorate.<sup id="cite_ref-JRdd_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JRdd-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nine islands of the Ellice Group (now <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>) were declared a British Protectorate by Captain Gibson R.N., of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Curacoa_(1878)" title="HMS Curacoa (1878)">HMS <i>Curacoa</i></a>, between 9 and 16 October of the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-TAHNPT_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAHNPT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain defined its area of interest in the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> in June 1893, when Captain Gibson R.N., of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Curacoa_(1878)" title="HMS Curacoa (1878)">HMS <i>Curacoa</i></a>, declared the southern Solomon Islands as a British Protectorate with the proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/British_Solomon_Islands_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="British Solomon Islands Protectorate">British Solomon Islands Protectorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1894, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a>'s government officially announced that <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, where Muslim and Christian strife had attracted international attention, was to become a British Protectorate. The British administration installed carefully selected local kings under a programme of indirect rule through the local oligarchy, creating a network of British-controlled civil service. Most British protectorates were overseen by a Commissioner or a <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioner">High Commissioner</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign Office</a>, rather than a Governor under the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law of the United Kingdom">British law</a> makes a distinction between a protectorate and a protected state. Constitutionally the two are of similar status, in which Britain provides controlled defence and external relations. However, a protectorate has an internal government established, while a protected state establishes a form of local internal self-government based on the already existing one. </p><p>Persons connected with a former British protectorate, protected state, <a href="/wiki/Mandated_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandated territory">mandated territory</a> or <a href="/wiki/Trust_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Trust territory">trust territory</a> may remain <a href="/wiki/British_Protected_Person" class="mw-redirect" title="British Protected Person">British Protected Persons</a> if they did not acquire the nationality of the country at independence. </p><p>The last British protectorate proper was the British Solomon Islands, now <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, which gained independence in 1978; the last British protected state was <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, which gained full independence in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_former_British_protectorates">List of former British protectorates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of former British protectorates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Barbados_(1870%E2%80%931966).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> (1627–1652) (as a <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_colony#The_Caribbean" title="Proprietary colony">proprietary colony</a> under <a href="/wiki/William_Courteen" class="mw-redirect" title="William Courteen">William Courteen</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/James_Hay,_1st_Earl_of_Carlisle" title="James Hay, 1st Earl of Carlisle">James Hay I</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Moskitia.webp/23px-Flag_of_Moskitia.webp.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Moskitia.webp/35px-Flag_of_Moskitia.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Moskitia.webp/46px-Flag_of_Moskitia.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Mosquito Coast</a> (1638–1860) (over Central America's <a href="/wiki/Miskito_people" title="Miskito people">Miskito</a> Indian nation)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_world">Arab world</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arab world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Aden_(1937%E2%80%931963).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Aden_%281937%E2%80%931963%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Aden_%281937%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Aden_%281937%E2%80%931963%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Aden_%281937%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Aden_%281937%E2%80%931963%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Aden_%281937%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aden_Protectorate" title="Aden Protectorate">Aden Protectorate</a> (1872–1963); precursor state of <a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen">South Yemen</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200951_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200951-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Eastern Protectorate States (mostly in Haudhramaut); later the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_South_Arabia" title="Protectorate of South Arabia">Protectorate of South Arabia</a> (1963–1967) <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kathiri_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kathiri_flag.svg/24px-Kathiri_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kathiri_flag.svg/36px-Kathiri_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kathiri_flag.svg/48px-Kathiri_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="217" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathiri</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Mahra_Sultanate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_the_Mahra_Sultanate.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Mahra_Sultanate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_the_Mahra_Sultanate.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Mahra_Sultanate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_the_Mahra_Sultanate.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Mahra_Sultanate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mahra_Sultanate" title="Mahra Sultanate">Mahra</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Quaiti_Hadramaut.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_Quaiti_Hadramaut.svg/24px-Flag_of_Quaiti_Hadramaut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_Quaiti_Hadramaut.svg/36px-Flag_of_Quaiti_Hadramaut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_Quaiti_Hadramaut.svg/48px-Flag_of_Quaiti_Hadramaut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aiti</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_State_of_Upper_Yafa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_the_State_of_Upper_Yafa.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Upper_Yafa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_the_State_of_Upper_Yafa.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Upper_Yafa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_the_State_of_Upper_Yafa.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Upper_Yafa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a> (consisted of five Sheikhdoms: <a href="/wiki/Al-Busi" title="Al-Busi">Al-Busi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Dhubi" title="Al-Dhubi">Al-Dhubi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadrami_Sheikhdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadrami Sheikhdom">Hadrami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maflahi" title="Maflahi">Maflahi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mawsata" title="Mawsata">Mawsata</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_al-Hawra" title="Sheikhdom of al-Hawra">Hawra</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_al-%60Irqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikhdom of al-`Irqa">Irqa</a></li></ul></li> <li>Western Protectorate States; later the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">Federation of South Arabia</a> (1959/1962-1967), including <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Aden" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Aden">Aden Colony</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Wahidi_Balhaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Wahidi_Balhaf.svg/24px-Flag_of_Wahidi_Balhaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Wahidi_Balhaf.svg/36px-Flag_of_Wahidi_Balhaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Wahidi_Balhaf.svg/48px-Flag_of_Wahidi_Balhaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Balhaf" title="Wahidi Balhaf">Wahidi Sultanates</a> (these included: <a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Balhaf" title="Wahidi Balhaf">Balhaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Azzan" title="Wahidi Azzan">Azzan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Bir_Ali" title="Wahidi Bir Ali">Bir Ali</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wahidi_Haban" title="Wahidi Haban">Habban</a>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Beihan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Beihan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Beihan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Beihan.svg/36px-Flag_of_Beihan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Beihan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Beihan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Beihan" title="Emirate of Beihan">Beihan</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Dhala.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Dhala.svg/24px-Flag_of_Dhala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Dhala.svg/36px-Flag_of_Dhala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Dhala.svg/48px-Flag_of_Dhala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dhala" title="Emirate of Dhala">Dhala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qutaibi" title="Qutaibi">Qutaibi</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Fadhli.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Fadhli.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Fadhli.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Fadhli.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Fadhli.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Fadhli.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Fadhli.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fadhli_Sultanate" title="Fadhli Sultanate">Fadhli</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Lahej.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Lahej" title="Sultanate of Lahej">Lahej</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lower_Yafa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_Lower_Yafa.svg/24px-Flag_of_Lower_Yafa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_Lower_Yafa.svg/36px-Flag_of_Lower_Yafa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_Lower_Yafa.svg/48px-Flag_of_Lower_Yafa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lower_Yafa" title="Lower Yafa">Lower Yafa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Audhali" title="Audhali">Audhali</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Haushabi" title="Haushabi">Haushabi</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Aulaqi_Sheikhdom" title="Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom">Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Aulaqi_Sultanate" title="Upper Aulaqi Sultanate">Upper Aulaqi Sultanate</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lower_Aulaqi_Sultanate" title="Lower Aulaqi Sultanate">Lower Aulaqi</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alawi_(sheikhdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawi (sheikhdom)">Alawi</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aqrabi" title="Aqrabi">Aqrabi</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dathina" title="Dathina">Dathina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shaib" title="Shaib">Shaib</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Egypt_%281882-1922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281882-1922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Egypt_%281882-1922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281882-1922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Egypt_%281882-1922%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281882-1922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Sultanate of Egypt</a> (1914–1922)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Anglo-Egyptian Sudan</a> (1899–1956) (condominium with Egypt)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Maldives">Sultanate of Maldives</a> (1887–1965)<sup id="cite_ref-mi_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mi-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Sikkim_%281967-1975%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sikkim_%281967-1975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Sikkim_%281967-1975%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sikkim_%281967-1975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Sikkim_%281967-1975%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sikkim_%281967-1975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Kingdom of Sikkim</a> (1861–1947)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipur Kingdom">Manipur Kingdom</a> (1826–1891)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Various <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely States</a> (1845-1947) – The princely states were lower in status than protectorates as the British reserved the right to interfere in internal matters under the principle of <a href="/wiki/British_Paramountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="British Paramountcy">British Paramountcy</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cyprus_(1881%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Cyprus_%281881%E2%80%931922%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Cyprus_%281881%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Cyprus_%281881%E2%80%931922%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Cyprus_%281881%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Cyprus_%281881%E2%80%931922%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Cyprus_%281881%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a> (1871–1914) (put under British military administration 1914–22 then proclaimed a <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">Crown colony</a> 1922–60)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies"><img alt="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">Malta Protectorate</a> (1800–1813); <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/19th_Century_Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-19th_Century_Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/19th_Century_Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-19th_Century_Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/19th_Century_Flag_of_Malta.svg/46px-19th_Century_Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Crown Colony of Malta</a> proclaimed in 1813) (de jure part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> but under British protection)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">Ionian islands</a> (1815–1864) (a <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amical_protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Amical protectorate">amical protectorate</a> of Great Britain between 1815 and 1864)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sub-Saharan_Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sub-Saharan Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_Barotseland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barotseland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_Barotseland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barotseland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_Barotseland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barotseland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a> Protectorate (1900–1964)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland Protectorate</a> (1885–1966)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_British_Somaliland_%281952%E2%80%931960%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_British_Somaliland_%281952%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_British_Somaliland_%281952%E2%80%931960%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_British_Somaliland_%281952%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_British_Somaliland_%281952%E2%80%931960%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_British_Somaliland_%281952%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a> (1884–1960)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200951_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200951-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kenya_(1895%E2%80%931921).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Kenya_%281895%E2%80%931921%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Kenya_%281895%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Kenya_%281895%E2%80%931921%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Kenya_%281895%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Kenya_%281895%E2%80%931921%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Kenya_%281895%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Protectorate" title="East Africa Protectorate">East Africa Protectorate</a> (1895–1920)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_The_Gambia_(1889%E2%80%931965).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_The_Gambia_%281889%E2%80%931965%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_The_Gambia_%281889%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_The_Gambia_%281889%E2%80%931965%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_The_Gambia_%281889%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_The_Gambia_%281889%E2%80%931965%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_The_Gambia_%281889%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Gambia Colony and Protectorate">Gambia Colony and Protectorate</a>* (1894–1965)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kenya_(1921%E2%80%931963).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Kenya_%281921%E2%80%931963%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Kenya_%281921%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Kenya_%281921%E2%80%931963%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Kenya_%281921%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Kenya_%281921%E2%80%931963%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Kenya_%281921%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya Protectorate</a>* (1920–1963)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">Nigeria</a>* (1914-1960)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate_(1900%E2%80%931914).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate_%281900%E2%80%931914%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate_%281900%E2%80%931914%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate_%281900%E2%80%931914%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate_%281900%E2%80%931914%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate_%281900%E2%80%931914%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate_%281900%E2%80%931914%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria Protectorate</a> (1900–1914)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_%281939%E2%80%931964%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_%281939%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_%281939%E2%80%931964%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_%281939%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_%281939%E2%80%931964%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_%281939%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern Rhodesia</a> (1924–1964)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territories_of_the_Gold_Coast_(British_protectorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Territories of the Gold Coast (British protectorate)">Northern Territories of the Gold Coast (British protectorate)</a> (1901–1957)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland"><img alt="Nyasaland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Nyasaland_%281925%E2%80%931964%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nyasaland_%281925%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Nyasaland_%281925%E2%80%931964%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nyasaland_%281925%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Nyasaland_%281925%E2%80%931964%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nyasaland_%281925%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nyasaland_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyasaland Protectorate">Nyasaland Protectorate</a> (1893–1964) (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_British_Central_Africa_Protectorate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flag_of_British_Central_Africa_Protectorate.svg/24px-Flag_of_British_Central_Africa_Protectorate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flag_of_British_Central_Africa_Protectorate.svg/36px-Flag_of_British_Central_Africa_Protectorate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flag_of_British_Central_Africa_Protectorate.svg/48px-Flag_of_British_Central_Africa_Protectorate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate" title="British Central Africa Protectorate">British Central Africa Protectorate</a> until 1907)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sierra_Leone_(1916%E2%80%931961).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone_%281916%E2%80%931961%29.gif/24px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone_%281916%E2%80%931961%29.gif" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone_%281916%E2%80%931961%29.gif/36px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone_%281916%E2%80%931961%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone_%281916%E2%80%931961%29.gif/48px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone_%281916%E2%80%931961%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Leone Protectorate">Sierra Leone Protectorate</a>* (1896–1961)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate_(1900%E2%80%931914).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_the_Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate_%281900%E2%80%931914%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate_%281900%E2%80%931914%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_the_Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate_%281900%E2%80%931914%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate_%281900%E2%80%931914%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_the_Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate_%281900%E2%80%931914%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate_%281900%E2%80%931914%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Southern Nigeria Protectorate">Southern Nigeria Protectorate</a> (1900–1914)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swaziland#British_rule_over_Swaziland_(1906–1968)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaziland">Swaziland</a> (1903–1968)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Uganda_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda Protectorate">Uganda Protectorate</a> (1894–1962)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Walvis_Bay" title="Walvis Bay">Walvis Bay</a> (1878–1884)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Zanzibar_Under_British_Rule.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zanzibar_Under_British_Rule.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Zanzibar_Under_British_Rule.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zanzibar_Under_British_Rule.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Zanzibar_Under_British_Rule.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zanzibar_Under_British_Rule.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Sultanate of Zanzibar</a> (1890–1963)</li></ul> <p>*protectorates that existed alongside a colony of the same name </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_Territory_of_Papua.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Territory_of_Papua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_Territory_of_Papua.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Territory_of_Papua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_Territory_of_Papua.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Territory_of_Papua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Territory of Papua</a> (1884–1888)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands_(1906%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands_%281906%E2%80%931947%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands_%281906%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands_%281906%E2%80%931947%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands_%281906%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands_%281906%E2%80%931947%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands_%281906%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Solomon_Islands" title="British Solomon Islands">British Solomon Islands</a> (1893–1978)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands_Federation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands_Federation.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands_Federation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands_Federation.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands_Federation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands_Federation.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands_Federation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_Federation" title="Cook Islands Federation">Cook Islands</a> (1888–1901)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_the_Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands_%281937%E2%80%931976%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands_%281937%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_the_Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands_%281937%E2%80%931976%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands_%281937%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_the_Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands_%281937%E2%80%931976%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands_%281937%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a> (1892–1916)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a> (1900–1901)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a> (1877–1916)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_former_British_protected_states">List of former British protected states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of former British protected states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As protected states, the following states were never officially part of the British Empire and retained near-total control over internal affairs; however, the British controlled their foreign policy. Their status was rarely advertised while it was in effect, it becoming clear only after it was lifted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950–51_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950–51-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a> (1879–1919)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Brunei_1906-1959.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei_1906-1959.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Brunei_1906-1959.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei_1906-1959.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Brunei_1906-1959.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei_1906-1959.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> (1888–1984)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Bhutan_%281949%E2%80%931956%29.svg/19px-Flag_of_Bhutan_%281949%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Bhutan_%281949%E2%80%931956%29.svg/29px-Flag_of_Bhutan_%281949%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Bhutan_%281949%E2%80%931956%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Bhutan_%281949%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> (1910–1947)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/19px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> (1816–1923)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Kingdom of Egypt</a> (1922–1936)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya"><img alt="Federation of Malaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> (1948–1957) <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a> (1895–1946) <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> (1888–1895) <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sungei_Ujong.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Sungei_Ujong.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sungei_Ujong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Sungei_Ujong.svg/36px-Flag_of_Sungei_Ujong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Sungei_Ujong.svg/48px-Flag_of_Sungei_Ujong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Ujong" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Ujong">Sungai Ujong</a> (1874–1888)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jelebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelebu">Jelebu</a> (1886–1895)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> (1888–1895)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> (1874–1895)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> (1874–1895)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated Malay States</a> (1904/09–1946) <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> (1914–1946) <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Johor_%281855%E2%80%931865%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor_%281855%E2%80%931865%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Johor_%281855%E2%80%931865%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor_%281855%E2%80%931865%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Johor_%281855%E2%80%931865%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor_%281855%E2%80%931865%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> <a href="/wiki/Muar_District" title="Muar District">Muar</a> (1897–1909)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> (1909–1946)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> (1909–1946)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> (1909–1946)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a> (1919–1946)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> (1900–1970)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Residency" title="Persian Gulf Residency">British Residency of the Persian Gulf</a> (1822–1971); headquarters based at <a href="/wiki/Bushehr" title="Bushehr">Bushire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_flag_of_Persia_(1907%E2%80%931933).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/23px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/35px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/46px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Persia</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Bahrain_%281932%E2%80%931972%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bahrain_%281932%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Bahrain_%281932%E2%80%931972%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bahrain_%281932%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Bahrain_%281932%E2%80%931972%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bahrain_%281932%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> (1861–1971)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kuwait_1940-1961.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Kuwait_1940-1961.png/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait_1940-1961.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Kuwait_1940-1961.png/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait_1940-1961.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Kuwait_1940-1961.png/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait_1940-1961.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Sheikhdom of Kuwait</a> (1899–1961)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Qatar_(1936%E2%80%931949).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Qatar_%281936%E2%80%931949%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Qatar_%281936%E2%80%931949%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Qatar_%281936%E2%80%931949%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Qatar_%281936%E2%80%931949%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Qatar_%281936%E2%80%931949%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Qatar_%281936%E2%80%931949%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="280" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> (1916–1971)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_%281968%E2%80%931971%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_%281968%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_%281968%E2%80%931971%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_%281968%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_%281968%E2%80%931971%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Trucial_States_%281968%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a>; precursor state of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a> (1820–1971)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg/24px-Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg/36px-Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg/48px-Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> (1820–1971)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ajman.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Ajman.svg/24px-Flag_of_Ajman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Ajman.svg/36px-Flag_of_Ajman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Ajman.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ajman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ajman" title="Ajman">Ajman</a> (1820–1971)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Dubai.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Dubai.svg/24px-Flag_of_Dubai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Dubai.svg/36px-Flag_of_Dubai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Dubai.svg/48px-Flag_of_Dubai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> (1835–1971)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Fujairah_(1952%E2%80%931961).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Fujairah_%281952%E2%80%931961%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Fujairah_%281952%E2%80%931961%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Fujairah_%281952%E2%80%931961%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Fujairah_%281952%E2%80%931961%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Fujairah_%281952%E2%80%931961%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Fujairah_%281952%E2%80%931961%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="240" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fujairah" title="Fujairah">Fujairah</a> (1952–1971)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/36px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/48px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a> (1820–1971)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/36px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/48px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a> (1820–1971) <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/36px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg/48px-Flag_of_Sharjah_and_Ras_Al_Khaimah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a> (1936–1951)</li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg/24px-Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg/36px-Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg/48px-Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain" class="mw-redirect" title="Umm al-Qaiwain">Umm al-Qaiwain</a> (1820–1971)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Muscat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Muscat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Muscat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Muscat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Muscat.svg/45px-Flag_of_Muscat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a> (1892–1951) (informal)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950–51_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950–51-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sarawak_%281870%E2%80%931946%2C_1963%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Kingdom of Sarawak</a> (1888–1946)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo"><img alt="North Borneo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> (1888–1946)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Maldives_1953.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Maldives">Sultanate of Maldives</a> (1948-1965)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/24px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/36px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/48px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini#British_rule_over_Swaziland_(1906–1968)" title="Eswatini">Swaziland</a> (1967–1968)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The British held a <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> protected state over Afghanistan. Despite agreeing to the terms of the Treaty of Gandamak, <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a> held Afghanistan as a <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de-facto</a> independent state by holding external affairs with other nations such as Persia and Russia, and often opposing the British.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950–51-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950–51_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950–51_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950–51_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered2009">Onley, The Raj Reconsidered (2009)</a>, pp. 50–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nS5bAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA18-PA2">"Papers respecting the operations in the Adriatic, 1809"</a>. <i>Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons</i>. Great Britain, Parliament, House of Commons. 1816.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Papers+respecting+the+operations+in+the+Adriatic%2C+1809&rft.btitle=Accounts+and+Papers+of+the+House+of+Commons&rft.pub=Great+Britain%2C+Parliament%2C+House+of+Commons&rft.date=1816&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnS5bAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DRA18-PA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+protectorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lakshmi Iyer, "Direct versus indirect colonial rule in India: Long-term consequences." <i>The Review of Economics and Statistics</i> (2010) 92#4 pp. 693–713 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.hbs.edu/liyer/Iyer_Colonial_REStat.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903053002/http://www.people.hbs.edu/liyer/Iyer_Colonial_REStat.pdf">Archived</a> 3 September 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adiele Eberechukwu Afigbo, <i>The Warrant Chiefs: indirect rule in southeastern Nigeria, 1891–1929</i> (London: Longman, 1972)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JRdd-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JRdd_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFResture" class="citation web cs1">Resture, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.janeresture.com/tuvalu_davis/index.htm">"<i>TUVALU HISTORY</i> – 'The Davis Diaries' (<i>H.M.S. Royalist</i>, 1892 visit to Ellice Islands under Captain Davis)"</a>. <i>Janeresture.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Janeresture.com&rft.atitle=TUVALU+HISTORY+%E2%80%93+%27The+Davis+Diaries%27+%28H.M.S.+Royalist%2C+1892+visit+to+Ellice+Islands+under+Captain+Davis%29&rft.aulast=Resture&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.janeresture.com%2Ftuvalu_davis%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+protectorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TAHNPT-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TAHNPT_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaaniu1983" class="citation book cs1">Faaniu, Simati (1983). "Chapter 17, Colonial Rule". In Laracy, Hugh (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NWaSHqXlS30C"><i>Tuvalu: A History</i></a>. University of the South Pacific/Government of Tuvalu. pp. 127–139.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+17%2C+Colonial+Rule&rft.btitle=Tuvalu%3A+A+History&rft.pages=127-139&rft.pub=University+of+the+South+Pacific%2FGovernment+of+Tuvalu&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Faaniu&rft.aufirst=Simati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNWaSHqXlS30C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+protectorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Commonwealth and Colonial Law</i> by <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Roberts-Wray" title="Kenneth Roberts-Wray">Kenneth Roberts-Wray</a>, London, Stevens, 1966. P. 897</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Brunei/History">"Brunei - History | Britannica"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brunei+-+History+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBrunei%2FHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+protectorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200951-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200951_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200951_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered2009">Onley, The Raj Reconsidered (2009)</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mi-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mi_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190727112628/https://maldivesindependent.com/politics/timeline-story-of-independence-115638">"Timeline – Story of Independence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maldivesindependent.com/politics/timeline-story-of-independence-115638">the original</a> on 27 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline+%E2%80%93+Story+of+Independence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaldivesindependent.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftimeline-story-of-independence-115638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+protectorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullard2011" class="citation cs2">Mullard, Saul (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G_1J4tgrYDUC&pg=PA184"><i>Opening the Hidden Land: State Formation and the Construction of Sikkimese History</i></a>, BRILL, p. 184, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20895-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20895-7"><bdi>978-90-04-20895-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opening+the+Hidden+Land%3A+State+Formation+and+the+Construction+of+Sikkimese+History&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-04-20895-7&rft.aulast=Mullard&rft.aufirst=Saul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG_1J4tgrYDUC%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+protectorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhanjoubam2015" class="citation cs2">Phanjoubam, Pradip (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OxStCwAAQBAJ"><i>The Northeast Question: Conflicts and frontiers</i></a>, Routledge, pp. 3–4, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-34004-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-34004-1"><bdi>978-1-317-34004-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Northeast+Question%3A+Conflicts+and+frontiers&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-34004-1&rft.aulast=Phanjoubam&rft.aufirst=Pradip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOxStCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+protectorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered200950_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered2009">Onley, The Raj Reconsidered (2009)</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laits.utexas.edu/modern_me/egypt/3/treaty">"Histories of the Modern Middle East"</a>. <i>Laits.utexas.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laits.utexas.edu&rft.atitle=Histories+of+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaits.utexas.edu%2Fmodern_me%2Fegypt%2F3%2Ftreaty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+protectorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis_Carey_Owtram1999" class="citation web cs1">Francis Carey Owtram (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1556/1/U126805.pdf">"Oman and the West: State Formation in Oman since 1920"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oman+and+the+West%3A+State+Formation+in+Oman+since+1920&rft.pub=University+of+London&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Francis+Carey+Owtram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetheses.lse.ac.uk%2F1556%2F1%2FU126805.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+protectorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnley,_The_Raj_Reconsidered2009" class="citation cs2">Onley, James (March 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://socialsciences.exeter.ac.uk/iais/downloads/Onley_Raj_Reconsidered.pdf">"The Raj Reconsidered: British India's Informal Empire and Spheres of Influence in Asia and Africa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Asian Affairs</i>, <b>11</b> (1), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://socialsciences.exeter.ac.uk/iais/downloads/Onley_Raj_Reconsidered.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 October 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Raj+Reconsidered%3A+British+India%27s+Informal+Empire+and+Spheres+of+Influence+in+Asia+and+Africa&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2009-03&rft.aulast=Onley&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsocialsciences.exeter.ac.uk%2Fiais%2Fdownloads%2FOnley_Raj_Reconsidered.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+protectorate" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&oldid=1255350160">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_protectorate&oldid=1255350160</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Empire" title="Category:British Empire">British Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governance_of_the_British_Empire" title="Category:Governance of the British Empire">Governance of the British Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Category:History of the Commonwealth of Nations">History of the Commonwealth of Nations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_June_2021" title="Category:EngvarB from June 2021">EngvarB from June 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from June 2021">Use dmy dates from June 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 November 2024, at 13:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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