CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: natural deep eutectic solvents</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: natural deep eutectic solvents"> <meta name="keywords" content="natural deep eutectic solvents"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="natural deep eutectic solvents" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="natural deep eutectic solvents"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8033</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: natural deep eutectic solvents</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8033</span> COSMO-RS Prediction for Choline Chloride/Urea Based Deep Eutectic Solvent: Chemical Structure and Application as Agent for Natural Gas Dehydration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayeb%20Aissaoui">Tayeb Aissaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20M.%20AlNashef"> Inas M. AlNashef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, green solvents named deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been found to possess significant properties and to be applicable in several technologies. Choline chloride (ChCl) mixed with urea at a ratio of 1:2 and 80 °C was the first discovered DES. In this article, chemical structure and combination mechanism of ChCl: urea based DES were investigated. Moreover, the implementation of this DES in water removal from natural gas was reported. Dehydration of natural gas by ChCl:urea shows significant absorption efficiency compared to triethylene glycol. All above operations were retrieved from COSMOthermX software. This article confirms the potential application of DESs in gas industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COSMO-RS" title="COSMO-RS">COSMO-RS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title=" deep eutectic solvents"> deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dehydration" title=" dehydration"> dehydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title=" natural gas"> natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20salt" title=" organic salt"> organic salt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54007/cosmo-rs-prediction-for-choline-chlorideurea-based-deep-eutectic-solvent-chemical-structure-and-application-as-agent-for-natural-gas-dehydration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8032</span> An Eco-Friendly Preparations of Izonicotinamide Quaternary Salts in Deep Eutectic Solvents </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dajana%20Ga%C5%A1o-Soka%C4%8D">Dajana Gašo-Sokač</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Bu%C5%A1i%C4%87"> Valentina Bušić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are liquids composed of two or three safe, inexpensive components, often interconnected by noncovalent hydrogen bonds which produce eutectic mixture whose melting point is lower than that of each component. No data in literature have been found on the quaternization reaction in DES. The use of DES have several advantages: they are environmentally benign and biodegradable, easy for purification and simple for preparation. An environmentally sustainable method for preparing quaternary salts of izonicotinamide and substituted 2-bromoacetophenones was demonstrated here using choline chloride-based DES. The quaternization reaction was carried out by three synthetic approaches: conventional method, microwave and ultrasonic irradiation. We showed that the highest yields were obtained by the microwave method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title="deep eutectic solvents">deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=izonicotinamide%20salts" title=" izonicotinamide salts"> izonicotinamide salts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20synthesis" title=" microwave synthesis"> microwave synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20irradiation" title=" ultrasonic irradiation"> ultrasonic irradiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118856/an-eco-friendly-preparations-of-izonicotinamide-quaternary-salts-in-deep-eutectic-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8031</span> Breakthrough Highly-Effective Extraction of Perfluoroctanoic Acid Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Eid">Sana Eid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20S.%20Darwish"> Ahmad S. Darwish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Lemaoui"> Tarek Lemaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maguy%20Abi%20Jaoude"> Maguy Abi Jaoude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawzi%20Banat"> Fawzi Banat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shadi%20W.%20Hasan"> Shadi W. Hasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20M.%20AlNashef"> Inas M. AlNashef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Addressing the growing challenge of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pollution in water bodies, this study introduces natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) as a pioneering solution for the efficient extraction of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), one of the most persistent and concerning PFAS pollutants. Among the tested NADESs, trioctylphosphine oxide: lauric acid (TOPO:LauA) in a 1:1 molar ratio was distinguished as the most effective, achieving an extraction efficiency of approximately 99.52% at a solvent-to-feed (S:F) ratio of 1:2, room temperature, and neutral pH. This efficiency is achieved within a notably short mixing time of only one min, which is significantly less than the time required by conventional methods, underscoring the potential of TOPO:LauA for rapid and effective PFAS remediation. TOPO:LauA maintained consistent performance across various operational parameters, including a range of initial PFOA concentrations (0.1 ppm to 1000 ppm), temperatures (15 °C to 100 °C), pH values (3 to 9), and S:F ratios (2:3 to 1:7), demonstrating its versatility and robustness. Furthermore, its effectiveness was consistently high over seven consecutive extraction cycles, highlighting TOPO:LauA as a sustainable, environmentally friendly alternative to hazardous organic solvents, with promising applications for reliable, repeatable use in combating persistent water pollutants such as PFOA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title="deep eutectic solvents">deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title=" natural deep eutectic solvents"> natural deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perfluorooctanoic%20acid" title=" perfluorooctanoic acid"> perfluorooctanoic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20remediation" title=" water remediation"> water remediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177812/breakthrough-highly-effective-extraction-of-perfluoroctanoic-acid-using-natural-deep-eutectic-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8030</span> Novel Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles from Type IV Deep Eutectic Solvents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorenzo%20Gontrani">Lorenzo Gontrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marilena%20Carbone"> Marilena Carbone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Domenica%20Tommasa%20Donia"> Domenica Tommasa Donia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elvira%20Maria%20Bauer"> Elvira Maria Bauer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pietro%20Tagliatesta"> Pietro Tagliatesta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the fields where DES shows remarkable added values is the synthesis Of inorganic materials, in particular nanoparticles. In this field, the higher- ent and highly-tunable nano-homogeneities of DES structure give origin to a marked templating effect, a precious role that has led to the recent bloom of a vast number of studies exploiting these new synthesis media to prepare Nanomaterials and composite structures of various kinds. In this contribution, the most recent developments in the field will be reviewed, and some ex-citing examples of novel metal oxide nanoparticles syntheses using non-toxic type-IV Deep Eutectic Solvents will be described. The prepared materials possess nanometric dimensions and show flower-like shapes. The use of the pre- pared nanoparticles as fluorescent materials for the detection of various contaminants is under development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title="metal deep eutectic solvents">metal deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20synthesis" title=" inorganic synthesis"> inorganic synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%20IV%20DES" title=" type IV DES"> type IV DES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lamellar" title=" lamellar"> lamellar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149730/novel-synthesis-of-metal-oxide-nanoparticles-from-type-iv-deep-eutectic-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8029</span> Extractive Desulfurization of Fuels Using Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Zaki">T. Zaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20S.%20Soliman"> Fathi S. Soliman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Desulfurization process is required by most, if not all refineries, to achieve ultra-low sulfur fuel, that contains less than 10 ppm sulfur. A lot of research works and many effective technologies have been studied to achieve deep desulfurization process in moderate reaction environment, such as adsorption desulfurization (ADS), oxidative desulfurization (ODS), biodesulfurization and extraction desulfurization (EDS). Extraction desulfurization using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is considered as simple, cheap, highly efficient and environmentally friend process. In this work, four DESs were designed and synthesized. Choline chloride (ChCl) was selected as typical hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA), and ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (Gl), urea (Ur) and thiourea (Tu) were selected as hydrogen bond donors (HBD), from which a series of deep eutectic solvents were synthesized. The experimental data showed that the synthesized DESs showed desulfurization affinities towards the thiophene species in cyclohexane solvent. Ethylene glycol molecules showed more affinity to create hydrogen bond with thiophene instead of choline chloride. Accordingly, ethylene glycol choline chloride DES has the highest extraction efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DES" title="DES">DES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desulfurization" title=" desulfurization"> desulfurization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20solvent" title=" green solvent"> green solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73326/extractive-desulfurization-of-fuels-using-choline-chloride-based-deep-eutectic-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8028</span> Investigation of Deep Eutectic Solvents for Microwave Assisted Extraction and Headspace Gas Chromatographic Determination of Hexanal in Fat-Rich Food</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birute%20Bugelyte">Birute Bugelyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ingrida%20Jurkute"> Ingrida Jurkute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vida%20Vickackaite"> Vida Vickackaite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most complicated step of the determination of volatile compounds in complex matrices is the separation of analytes from the matrix. Traditional analyte separation methods (liquid extraction, Soxhlet extraction) require a lot of time and labour; moreover, there is a risk to lose the volatile analytes. In recent years, headspace gas chromatography has been used to determine volatile compounds. To date, traditional extraction solvents have been used in headspace gas chromatography. As a rule, such solvents are rather volatile; therefore, a large amount of solvent vapour enters into the headspace together with the analyte. Because of that, the determination sensitivity of the analyte is reduced, a huge solvent peak in the chromatogram can overlap with the peaks of the analyts. The sensitivity is also limited by the fact that the sample can’t be heated at a higher temperature than the solvent boiling point. In 2018 it was suggested to replace traditional headspace gas chromatographic solvents with non-volatile, eco-friendly, biodegradable, inexpensive, and easy to prepare deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Generally, deep eutectic solvents have low vapour pressure, a relatively wide liquid range, much lower melting point than that of any of their individual components. Those features make DESs very attractive as matrix media for application in headspace gas chromatography. Also, DESs are polar compounds, so they can be applied for microwave assisted extraction. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of applying deep eutectic solvents for microwave assisted extraction and headspace gas chromatographic determination of hexanal in fat-rich food. Hexanal is considered one of the most suitable indicators of lipid oxidation degree as it is the main secondary oxidation product of linoleic acid, which is one of the principal fatty acids of many edible oils. Eight hydrophilic and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents have been synthesized, and the influence of the temperature and microwaves on their headspace gas chromatographic behaviour has been investigated. Using the most suitable DES, microwave assisted extraction conditions and headspace gas chromatographic conditions have been optimized for the determination of hexanal in potato chips. Under optimized conditions, the quality parameters of the prepared technique have been determined. The suggested technique was applied for the determination of hexanal in potato chips and other fat-rich food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title="deep eutectic solvents">deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=headspace%20gas%20chromatography" title=" headspace gas chromatography"> headspace gas chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexanal" title=" hexanal"> hexanal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20assisted%20extraction" title=" microwave assisted extraction"> microwave assisted extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130578/investigation-of-deep-eutectic-solvents-for-microwave-assisted-extraction-and-headspace-gas-chromatographic-determination-of-hexanal-in-fat-rich-food" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8027</span> Mentha piperita Formulations in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: Phenolic Profile and Biological Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatjana%20Juri%C4%87">Tatjana Jurić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bojana%20Blagojevi%C4%87"> Bojana Blagojević</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Uka"> Denis Uka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ru%C5%BEica%20%C5%BDdero%20Pavlovi%C4%87"> Ružica Ždero Pavlović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boris%20M.%20Popovi%C4%87"> Boris M. Popović</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) represent a class of modern systems that have been developed as a green alternative to toxic organic solvents, which are commonly used as extraction media. It has been considered that hydrogen bonding is the main interaction leading to the formation of NADES. The aim of this study was phytochemical characterization and determination of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Mentha piperita leaf extracts obtained by six choline chloride-based NADES. NADES were prepared by mixing choline chloride with different hydrogen bond donors in 1:1 molar ratio following the addition of 30% (w/w) water. The mixtures were then heated (60 °C) and stirred (650 rpm) until the clear homogenous liquids were obtained. The Mentha piperita extracts were prepared by mixing 75 mg of peppermint leaves with 1 mL of NADES following by the heating and stirring (60 °C, 650 rpm) within 30 min. The content of six phenolics in extracts was determined using HPLC-PDA. The dominant compounds presented in peppermint leaves - rosmarinic acid and luteolin 7-O-glucoside, were extracted by NADES at a similar level as 70% ethanol. The microdilution method was applied to test the antibacterial activity of extracts. Compared with 70% ethanol, all NADES systems showed higher antibacterial activity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram -), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram +), Escherichia coli (Gram -), and Salmonella enterica (Gram -), especially NADES containing organic acids. The majority of NADES extracts showed a better ability to neutralize DPPH radical than conventional solvent and similar ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ ions in FRAP assay. The obtained results introduce NADES systems as the novel, sustainable, and low-cost solvents with a variety of applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title="antibacterial activity">antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20extraction" title=" green extraction"> green extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title=" natural deep eutectic solvents"> natural deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenols" title=" polyphenols"> polyphenols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144088/mentha-piperita-formulations-in-natural-deep-eutectic-solvents-phenolic-profile-and-biological-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8026</span> Deep Eutectic Solvent/ Polyimide Blended Membranes for Anaerobic Digestion Gas Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glemarie%20C.%20Hermosa">Glemarie C. Hermosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Jie%20You"> Sheng-Jie You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien%20Chih%20Hu"> Chien Chih Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Efficient separation technologies are required for the removal of carbon dioxide from natural gas streams. Membrane-based natural gas separation has emerged as one of the fastest growing technologies, due to the compactness, higher energy efficiency and economic advantages which can be reaped. The removal of Carbon dioxide from gas streams using membrane technology will also give the advantage like environmental friendly process compared to the other technologies used in gas separation. In this study, Polyimide membranes, which are mostly used in the separation of gases, are blended with a new kind of solvent: Deep Eutectic Solvents or simply DES. The three types of DES are used are choline chloride based mixed with three different hydrogen bond donors: Lactic acid, N-methylurea and Urea. The blending of the DESs to Polyimide gave out high permeability performance. The Gas Separation performance for all the membranes involving CO2/CH4 showed low performance while for CO2/N2 surpassed the performance of some studies. Among the three types of DES used the solvent Choline Chloride/Lactic acid exhibited the highest performance for both Gas Separation applications. The values are 10.5 for CO2/CH4 selectivity and 60.5 for CO2/N2. The separation results for CO2/CH4 may be due to the viscosity of the DESs affecting the morphology of the fabricated membrane thus also impacts the performance. DES/blended Polyimide membranes fabricated are novel and have the potential of a low-cost and environmental friendly application for gas separation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title="deep eutectic solvents">deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20separation" title=" gas separation"> gas separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyimide%20blends" title=" polyimide blends"> polyimide blends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyimide%20membranes" title=" polyimide membranes"> polyimide membranes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37540/deep-eutectic-solvent-polyimide-blended-membranes-for-anaerobic-digestion-gas-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8025</span> Extraction of Nutraceutical Bioactive Compounds from the Native Algae Using Solvents with a Deep Natural Eutectic Point and Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedeh%20Bahar%20Hashemi">Seyedeh Bahar Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Rahimi"> Alireza Rahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Arjmand"> Mehdi Arjmand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food is the source of energy and growth through the breakdown of its vital components and plays a vital role in human health and nutrition. Many natural compounds found in plant and animal materials play a special role in biological systems and the origin of many such compounds directly or indirectly is algae. Algae is an enormous source of polysaccharides and have gained much interest in human flourishing. In this study, algae biomass extraction is conducted using deep eutectic-based solvents (NADES) and Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The aim of this research is to extract bioactive compounds including total carotenoid, antioxidant activity, and polyphenolic contents. For this purpose, the influence of three important extraction parameters namely, biomass-to-solvent ratio, temperature, and time are studied with respect to their impact on the recovery of carotenoids, and phenolics, and on the extracts’ antioxidant activity. Here we employ the Response Surface Methodology for the process optimization. The influence of the independent parameters on each dependent is determined through Analysis of Variance. Our results show that Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for 50 min is the best extraction condition, and proline:lactic acid (1:1) and choline chloride:urea (1:2) extracts show the highest total phenolic contents (50.00 ± 0.70 mgGAE/gdw) and antioxidant activity [60.00 ± 1.70 mgTE/gdw, 70.00 ± 0.90 mgTE/gdw in 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2.2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)]. Our results confirm that the combination of UAE and NADES provides an excellent alternative to organic solvents for sustainable and green extraction and has huge potential for use in industrial applications involving the extraction of bioactive compounds from algae. This study is among the first attempts to optimize the effects of ultrasonic-assisted extraction, ultrasonic devices, and deep natural eutectic point and investigate their application in bioactive compounds extraction from algae. We also study the future perspective of ultrasound technology which helps to understand the complex mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted extraction and further guide its application in algae. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title="natural deep eutectic solvents">natural deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound-assisted%20extraction" title=" ultrasound-assisted extraction"> ultrasound-assisted extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algae" title=" algae"> algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20compounds" title=" phenolic compounds"> phenolic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carotenoids" title=" carotenoids"> carotenoids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162294/extraction-of-nutraceutical-bioactive-compounds-from-the-native-algae-using-solvents-with-a-deep-natural-eutectic-point-and-ultrasonic-assisted-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8024</span> Devulcanization of Waste Rubber Tyre Utilizing Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ultrasonic Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricky%20Saputra">Ricky Saputra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashmi%20Walvekar"> Rashmi Walvekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Khalid"> Mohammad Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaveh%20Shahbaz"> Kaveh Shahbaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suganti%20Ramarad"> Suganti Ramarad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This particular study of interest aims to study the effect of coupling ultrasonic treatment with eutectic solvents in devulcanization process of waste rubber tyre. Specifically, three different types of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) were utilized, namely ChCl:Urea (1:2), ChCl:ZnCl₂ (1:2) and ZnCl₂:urea (2:7) in which their physicochemical properties were analysed and proven to have permissible water content that is less than 3.0 wt%, degradation temperature below 200ᵒC and freezing point below 60ᵒC. The mass ratio of rubber to DES was varied from 1:20-1:40, sonicated for 1 hour at 37 kHz and heated at variable time of 5-30 min at 180ᵒC. Energy dispersive x-rays (EDX) results revealed that the first two DESs give the highest degree of sulphur removal at 74.44 and 76.69% respectively with optimum heating time at 15 minutes whereby if prolonged, reformation of crosslink network would be experienced. Such is supported by the evidence shown by both FTIR and FESEM results where di-sulfide peak reappears at 30 minutes and morphological structures from 15 to 30 minutes change from smooth with high voidage to rigid with low voidage respectively. Furthermore, TGA curve reveals similar phenomena whereby at 15 minutes thermal decomposition temperature is at the lowest due to the decrease of molecular weight as a result of sulphur removal but increases back at 30 minutes. Type of bond change was also analysed whereby it was found that only di-sulphide bond was cleaved and which indicates partial-devulcanization. Overall, the results show that DES has a great potential to be used as devulcanizing solvent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosslink%20network" title="crosslink network">crosslink network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=devulcanization" title=" devulcanization"> devulcanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutectic%20solvents" title=" eutectic solvents"> eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reformation" title=" reformation"> reformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic" title=" ultrasonic"> ultrasonic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80273/devulcanization-of-waste-rubber-tyre-utilizing-deep-eutectic-solvents-and-ultrasonic-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8023</span> The Evaluation of Fuel Desulfurization Performance of Choline-Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Addition of Graphene Oxide as Catalyst </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiau%20Yuan%20Lim">Chiau Yuan Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayyiratul%20Fatimah%20Mohd%20Zaid"> Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fai%20Kait%20Chong"> Fai Kait Chong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) is used in various applications due to its simplicity in synthesis procedure, biodegradable, inexpensive and easily available chemical ingredients. Graphene Oxide is a popular catalyst that being used in various processes due to its stacking carbon sheets in layer which theoretically rapid up the catalytic processes. In this study, choline chloride based DESs were synthesized and ChCl-PEG(1:4) was found to be the most effective DES in performing desulfurization, which it is able to remove up to 47.4% of the sulfur content in the model oil in just 10 minutes, and up to 95% of sulfur content after repeat the process for six times. ChCl-PEG(1:4) able to perform up to 32.7% desulfurization on real diesel after 6 multiple stages. Thus, future research works should focus on removing the impurities on real diesel before utilising DESs in petroleum field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choline%20chloride" title="choline chloride">choline chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvent" title=" deep eutectic solvent"> deep eutectic solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20desulfurization" title=" fuel desulfurization"> fuel desulfurization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title=" graphene oxide"> graphene oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128180/the-evaluation-of-fuel-desulfurization-performance-of-choline-chloride-based-deep-eutectic-solvents-with-addition-of-graphene-oxide-as-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8022</span> Kinetic Study on Extracting Lignin from Black Liquor Using Deep Eutectic Solvents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Saadat%20Ghareh%20Bagh">Fatemeh Saadat Ghareh Bagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srimanta%20Ray"> Srimanta Ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerald%20Lalman"> Jerald Lalman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lignin, the largest inventory of organic carbon with a high caloric energy value is a major component in woody and non-woody biomass. In pulping mills, a large amount of the lignin is burned for energy. At the same time, the phenolic structure of lignin enables it to be converted to value-added compounds.This study has focused on extracting lignin from black liquor using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Therefore, three choline chloride (ChCl)-DESs paired with lactic acid (LA) (1:11), oxalic acid.2H₂O (OX) (1:4), and malic acid (MA) (1:3) were synthesized at 90oC and atmospheric pressure. The kinetics of lignin recovery from black liquor using DES was investigated at three moderate temperatures (338, 353, and 368 K) at time intervals from 30 to 210 min. The extracted lignin (acid soluble lignin plus Klason lignin) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR studies included comparing the extracted lignin with a model Kraft lignin. The extracted lignin was characterized spectrophotometrically to determine the acid soluble lignin (ASL) [TAPPI UM 250] fraction and Klason lignin was determined gravimetrically using TAPPI T 222 om02. The lignin extraction reaction using DESs was modeled by first-order reaction kinetics and the activation energy of the process was determined. The ChCl:LA-DES recovered lignin was 79.7±2.1% at 368K and a DES:BL ratio of 4:1 (v/v). The quantity of lignin extracted for the control solvent, [emim][OAc], was 77.5+2.2%. The activation energy measured for the LA-DES system was 22.7 KJ mol⁻¹, while the activation energy for the OX-DES and MA-DES systems were 7.16 KJ·mol⁻¹ and 8.66 KJ·mol⁻¹ when the total lignin recovery was 75.4 ±0.9% and 62.4 ±1.4, % respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20liquor" title="black liquor">black liquor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title=" deep eutectic solvents"> deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignin" title=" lignin"> lignin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98576/kinetic-study-on-extracting-lignin-from-black-liquor-using-deep-eutectic-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8021</span> Stabilizing Effects of Deep Eutectic Solvents on Alcohol Dehydrogenase Mediated Systems </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Zohra%20Ibn%20Majdoub%20Hassani">Fatima Zohra Ibn Majdoub Hassani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Lavandera"> Ivan Lavandera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Kreit"> Joseph Kreit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored the effects of different organic solvents, temperature, and the amount of glycerol on the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-catalysed stereoselective reduction of different ketones. These conversions were then analyzed by gas chromatography. It was found that when the amount of deep eutectic solvents (DES) increases, it can improve the stereoselectivity of the enzyme although reducing its ability to convert the substrate into the corresponding alcohol. Moreover, glycerol was found to have a strong stabilizing effect on the ADH from <em>Ralstonia</em> sp. (<em>E. coli</em>/ RasADH). In the case of organic solvents, it was observed that the best conversions into the alcohols were achieved with DMSO and hexane. It was also observed that temperature decreased the ability of the enzyme to convert the substrates into the products and also affected the selectivity. In addition to that, the recycling of DES up to three times gave good conversions and enantiomeric excess results and glycerol showed a positive effect in the stability of various ADHs. Using RasADH, a good conversion and enantiomeric excess into the <em>S</em>-alcohol were obtained. It was found that an enhancement of the temperature disabled the stabilizing effect of glycerol and decreased the stereoselectivity of the enzyme. However, for other ADHs a temperature increase had an opposite positive effect, especially with ADH-T from <em>Thermoanaerobium </em>sp. One of the objectives of this study was to see the effect of cofactors such as NAD(P) on the biocatlysis activities of ADHs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcohol%20dehydrogenases" title="alcohol dehydrogenases">alcohol dehydrogenases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DES" title=" DES"> DES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20chromatography" title=" gas chromatography"> gas chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RasADH" title=" RasADH"> RasADH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55787/stabilizing-effects-of-deep-eutectic-solvents-on-alcohol-dehydrogenase-mediated-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8020</span> Working Fluids in Absorption Chillers: Investigation of the Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Cesari">L. Cesari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Alonso"> D. Alonso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Mutelet"> F. Mutelet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The interest in cold production has been on the increase in absorption chillers for many years. In fact, the absorption cycles replace the compressor and thus reduce electrical consumption. The devices also allow waste heat generated through industrial activities to be recovered and cooled to a moderate temperature in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Many working fluids were investigated but could not compete with the commonly used {H2O + LiBr} and {H2O + NH3} to author’s best knowledge. Yet, the corrosion, toxicity and crystallization phenomena of these mixtures prevent the development of the absorption technology. This work investigates the possible use of a glyceline deep eutectic solvent (DES) and CO2 as working fluid in an absorption chiller. To do so, good knowledge of the mixtures is required. Experimental measurements (vapor-liquid equilibria, density, and heat capacity) were performed to complete the data lacking in the literature. The performance of the mixtures was quantified by the calculation of the coefficient of performance (COP). The results show that working fluids containing DES + CO2 are an interesting alternative and lead to different trails of working mixtures for absorption and chiller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20devices" title="absorption devices">absorption devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvent" title=" deep eutectic solvent"> deep eutectic solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20valorization" title=" energy valorization"> energy valorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20data" title=" experimental data"> experimental data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106222/working-fluids-in-absorption-chillers-investigation-of-the-use-of-deep-eutectic-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8019</span> Metal-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extractive Desulfurization of Fuels: Analysis from Molecular Dynamics Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aibek%20Kukpayev">Aibek Kukpayev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhawal%20Shah"> Dhawal Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Combustion of sour fuels containing high amount of sulfur leads to the formation of sulfur oxides, which adversely harm the environment and has a negative impact on human health. Considering this, several legislations have been imposed to bring down the sulfur content in fuel to less than 10 ppm. In recent years, novel deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been developed to achieve deep desulfurization, particularly to extract thiophenic compounds from liquid fuels. These novel DESs, considered as analogous to ionic liquids are green, eco-friendly, inexpensive, and sustainable. We herein, using molecular dynamic simulation, analyze the interactions of metal-based DESs with model oil consisting of thiophenic compounds. The DES used consists of polyethylene glycol (PEG-200) as a hydrogen bond donor, choline chloride (ChCl) or tetrabutyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) as a hydrogen bond acceptor, and cobalt chloride (CoCl₂) as metal salt. In particular, the combination of ChCl: PEG-200:CoCl₂ at a ratio 1:2:1 and the combination of TBAC:PEG-200:CoCl₂ at a ratio 1:2:0.25 were simulated, separately, with model oil consisting of octane and thiophenes at 25ᵒC and 1 bar. The results of molecular dynamics simulations were analyzed in terms of interaction energies between different components. The simulations revealed a stronger interaction between DESs/thiophenes as compared with octane/thiophenes, suggestive of an efficient desulfurization process. In addition, our analysis suggests that the choice of hydrogen bond acceptor strongly influences the efficiency of the desulfurization process. Taken together, the results also show the importance of the metal ion, although present in small amount, in the process, and the role of the polymer in desulfurization of the model fuel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title="deep eutectic solvents">deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desulfurization" title=" desulfurization"> desulfurization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulations" title=" molecular dynamics simulations"> molecular dynamics simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thiophenes" title=" thiophenes"> thiophenes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103045/metal-based-deep-eutectic-solvents-for-extractive-desulfurization-of-fuels-analysis-from-molecular-dynamics-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8018</span> Metal Extraction into Ionic Liquids and Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Mixtures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20E.%20Tereshatov">E. E. Tereshatov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yu.%20Boltoeva"> M. Yu. Boltoeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Mazan"> V. Mazan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20Volia"> M. F. Volia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20Folden%20III"> C. M. Folden III</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are a class of liquid organic salts with melting points below 20 °C that are considered to be environmentally friendly ‘designers’ solvents. Pure hydrophobic ILs are known to extract metallic species from aqueous solutions. The closest analogues of ionic liquids are deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which are a eutectic mixture of at least two compounds with a melting point lower than that of each individual component. DESs are acknowledged to be attractive for organic synthesis and metal processing. Thus, these non-volatile and less toxic compounds are of interest for critical metal extraction. The US Department of Energy and the European Commission consider indium as a key metal. Its chemical homologue, thallium, is also an important material for some applications and environmental safety. The aim of this work is to systematically investigate In and Tl extraction from aqueous solutions into pure fluorinated ILs and hydrophobic DESs. The dependence of the Tl extraction efficiency on the structure and composition of the ionic liquid ions, metal oxidation state, and initial metal and aqueous acid concentrations have been studied. The extraction efficiency of the TlXz3–z anionic species (where X = Cl– and/or Br–) is greater for ionic liquids with more hydrophobic cations. Unexpectedly high distribution ratios (> 103) of Tl(III) were determined even by applying a pure ionic liquid as receiving phase. An improved mathematical model based on ion exchange and ion pair formation mechanisms has been developed to describe the co-extraction of two different anionic species, and the relative contributions of each mechanism have been determined. The first evidence of indium extraction into new quaternary ammonium- and menthol-based hydrophobic DESs from hydrochloric and oxalic acid solutions with distribution ratios up to 103 will be provided. Data obtained allow us to interpret the mechanism of thallium and indium extraction into ILs and DESs media. The understanding of Tl and In chemical behavior in these new media is imperative for the further improvement of separation and purification of these elements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title="deep eutectic solvents">deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indium" title=" indium"> indium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquids" title=" ionic liquids"> ionic liquids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thallium" title=" thallium"> thallium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44043/metal-extraction-into-ionic-liquids-and-hydrophobic-deep-eutectic-mixtures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8017</span> Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles in Deep Eutectic Solvent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapnil%20A.%20Padvi">Swapnil A. Padvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipak%20S.%20Dalal"> Dipak S. Dalal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The chemistry of tetrazoles has been grown tremendously in the past few years because tetrazoles are important and useful class of heterocyclic compounds which have a widespread application such as anticancer, antimicrobial, analgesics, antibacterial, antifungal, antihypertensive, and anti-allergic drugs in medicinal chemistry. Furthermore, tetrazoles have application in material sciences as explosives, rocket propellants, and in information recording systems. In addition to this, they have a wide range of application in coordination chemistry as a ligand. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged over the current decade as a novel class of green reaction media and applied in various fields of sciences because of their unique physical and chemical properties similar to the ionic liquids such as low vapor pressure, non-volatility, high thermal stability and recyclability. In addition, the reactants of DES are cheaply available, low-toxic, and biodegradable, which makes them predominantly required for large-scale applications effectively in industrial production. Herein we report the [2+3] cycloaddition reaction of organic nitriles with sodium azide affords the corresponding 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles in six different types of choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents under mild reaction condition. Choline chloride: ZnCl2 (1:2) showed the best results for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1 H-tetrazoles. This method reduces the disadvantages such as: the use of toxic metals and expensive reagents, drastic reaction conditions and the presence of dangerous hydrazoic acid. The approach provides environment-friendly, short reaction times, good to excellent yields; safe process and simple workup make this method an attractive and useful contribution to present green organic synthesis of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles. All synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopy. DES can be recovered and reused three times with very little loss in activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=click%20chemistry" title="click chemistry">click chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choline%20chloride" title=" choline chloride"> choline chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20chemistry" title=" green chemistry"> green chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvent" title=" deep eutectic solvent"> deep eutectic solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetrazoles" title=" tetrazoles"> tetrazoles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73046/synthesis-of-5-substituted-1h-tetrazoles-in-deep-eutectic-solvent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8016</span> Enhanced Furfural Extraction from Aqueous Media Using Neoteric Hydrophobic Solvents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20S.%20Darwish">Ahmad S. Darwish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Lemaoui"> Tarek Lemaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanifa%20Taher"> Hanifa Taher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20M.%20AlNashef"> Inas M. AlNashef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawzi%20Banat"> Fawzi Banat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research reports a systematic top-down approach for designing neoteric hydrophobic solvents –particularly, deep eutectic solvents (DES) and ionic liquids (IL)– as furfural extractants from aqueous media for the application of sustainable biomass conversion. The first stage of the framework entailed screening 32 neoteric solvents to determine their efficacy against toluene as the application’s conventional benchmark for comparison. The selection criteria for the best solvents encompassed not only their efficiency in extracting furfural but also low viscosity and minimal toxicity levels. Additionally, for the DESs, their natural origins, availability, and biodegradability were also taken into account. From the screening pool, two neoteric solvents were selected: thymol:decanoic acid 1:1 (Thy:DecA) and trihexyltetradecyl phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide [P₁₄,₆,₆,₆][NTf₂]. These solvents outperformed the toluene benchmark, achieving efficiencies of 94.1% and 97.1% respectively, compared to toluene’s 81.2%, while also possessing the desired properties. These solvents were then characterized thoroughly in terms of their physical properties, thermal properties, critical properties, and cross-contamination solubilities. The selected neoteric solvents were then extensively tested under various operating conditions, and an exceptional stable performance was exhibited, maintaining high efficiency across a broad range of temperatures (15–100 °C), pH levels (1–13), and furfural concentrations (0.1–2.0 wt%) with a remarkable equilibrium time of only 2 minutes, and most notably, demonstrated high efficiencies even at low solvent-to-feed ratios. The durability of the neoteric solvents was also validated to be stable over multiple extraction-regeneration cycles, with limited leachability to the aqueous phase (≈0.1%). Moreover, the extraction performance of the solvents was then modeled through machine learning, specifically multiple non-linear regression (MNLR) and artificial neural networks (ANN). The models demonstrated high accuracy, indicated by their low absolute average relative deviations with values of 2.74% and 2.28% for Thy:DecA and [P₁₄,₆,₆,₆][NTf₂], respectively, using MNLR, and 0.10% for Thy:DecA and 0.41% for [P₁₄,₆,₆,₆][NTf₂] using ANN, highlighting the significantly enhanced predictive accuracy of the ANN. The neoteric solvents presented herein offer noteworthy advantages over traditional organic solvents, including their high efficiency in both extraction and regeneration processes, their stability and minimal leachability, making them particularly suitable for applications involving aqueous media. Moreover, these solvents are more environmentally friendly, incorporating renewable and sustainable components like thymol and decanoic acid. This exceptional efficacy of the newly developed neoteric solvents signifies a significant advancement, providing a green and sustainable alternative for furfural production from biowaste. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20biomass%20conversion" title="sustainable biomass conversion">sustainable biomass conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=furfural%20extraction" title=" furfural extraction"> furfural extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquids" title=" ionic liquids"> ionic liquids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title=" deep eutectic solvents"> deep eutectic solvents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177893/enhanced-furfural-extraction-from-aqueous-media-using-neoteric-hydrophobic-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8015</span> Damage Strain Analysis of Parallel Fiber Eutectic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Zheng">Jian Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinhua%20Ni"> Xinhua Ni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiequan%20Liu"> Xiequan Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to isotropy of parallel fiber eutectic, the no- damage strain field in parallel fiber eutectic is obtained from the flexibility tensor of parallel fiber eutectic. Considering the damage behavior of parallel fiber eutectic, damage variables are introduced to determine the strain field of parallel fiber eutectic. The damage strains in the matrix, interphase, and fiber of parallel fiber eutectic are quantitatively analyzed. Results show that damage strains are not only associated with the fiber volume fraction of parallel fiber eutectic, but also with the damage degree. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20strain" title="damage strain">damage strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20strain" title=" initial strain"> initial strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20volume%20fraction" title=" fiber volume fraction"> fiber volume fraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20fiber%20eutectic" title=" parallel fiber eutectic"> parallel fiber eutectic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60032/damage-strain-analysis-of-parallel-fiber-eutectic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">577</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8014</span> Thermosonic Devulcanization of Waste Ground Rubber Tires by Quaternary Ammonium-Based Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents and the Effect of α-Hydrogen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricky%20Saputra">Ricky Saputra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashmi%20Walvekar"> Rashmi Walvekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Khalid"> Mohammad Khalid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landfills, water contamination, and toxic gas emission are a few impacts faced by the environment due to the increasing number of αof waste rubber tires (WRT). In spite of such concerning issue, only minimal efforts are taken to reclaim or recycle these wastes as their products are generally not-profitable for companies. Unlike the typical reclamation process, devulcanization is a method to selectively cleave sulfidic bonds within vulcanizates to avoid polymeric scissions that compromise elastomer’s mechanical and tensile properties. The process also produces devulcanizates that are re-processable similar to virgin rubber. Often, a devulcanizing agent is needed. In the current study, novel and sustainable ammonium chloride-based ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDES), with a different number of α-hydrogens, were utilised to devulcanize ground rubber tire (GRT) as an effort to implement green chemistry to tackle such issue. 40-mesh GRT were soaked for 1 day with different TDESs and sonicated at 37-80 kHz for 60-120 mins and heated at 100-140oC for 30-90 mins. Devulcanizates were then filtered, dried, and evaluated based on the percentage of by means of Flory-Rehner calculation and swelling index. The result shows that an increasing number of α-Hs increases the degree of devulcanization, and the value achieved was around eighty-percent, thirty percent higher than the typical industrial-autoclave method. Resulting bondages of devulcanizates were also analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Horikx fitting, and thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). The earlier two confirms only sulfidic scissions were experienced by GRT through the treatment, while the latter proves the absence or negligibility of carbon-chains scission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonium" title="ammonium">ammonium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvent" title=" deep eutectic solvent"> deep eutectic solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-hydrogen" title=" α-hydrogen"> α-hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20rubber%20tire" title=" waste rubber tire"> waste rubber tire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120649/thermosonic-devulcanization-of-waste-ground-rubber-tires-by-quaternary-ammonium-based-ternary-deep-eutectic-solvents-and-the-effect-of-a-hydrogen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8013</span> Green Delivery Systems for Fruit Polyphenols</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boris%20M.%20Popovi%C4%87">Boris M. Popović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatjana%20Juri%C4%87"> Tatjana Jurić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bojana%20Blagojevi%C4%87"> Bojana Blagojević</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Uka"> Denis Uka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ru%C5%BEica%20%C5%BDdero%20Pavlovi%C4%87"> Ružica Ždero Pavlović</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green solvents are environmentally friendly and greatly improve the sustainability of chemical processes. There is a growing interest in the green extraction of polyphenols from fruits. In this study, we consider three Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) systems based on choline chloride as a hydrogen bond acceptor and malic acid, urea, and fructose as hydrogen bond donors. NADES systems were prepared by heating and stirring, ultrasound, and microwave (MW) methods. Sour cherry pomace was used as a natural source of polyphenols. Polyphenol extraction from cherry pomace was performed by ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction and compared with conventional heat and stirring method extraction. It was found that MW-assisted preparation of NADES was the fastest, requiring less than 30 s. Also, MW extraction of polyphenols was the most rapid, with less than 5 min necessary for the extract preparation. All three NADES systems were highly efficient for anthocyanin extraction, but the most efficient was the system with malic acid as a hydrogen bond donor (yield of anthocyanin content was enhanced by 62.33% after MW extraction with NADES compared with the conventional solvent). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthocyanins" title="anthocyanins">anthocyanins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20extraction" title=" green extraction"> green extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NADES" title=" NADES"> NADES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenols" title=" polyphenols"> polyphenols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144151/green-delivery-systems-for-fruit-polyphenols" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8012</span> Application of Deep Eutectic Solvent in the Extraction of Ferulic Acid from Palm Pressed Fibre</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ng%20Mei%20Han">Ng Mei Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nu%27man%20Abdul%20Hadi"> Nu'man Abdul Hadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extraction of ferulic acid from palm pressed fiber using deep eutectic solvent (DES) of choline chloride-acetic acid (ChCl-AA) and choline chloride-citric acid (ChCl-CA) are reported. Influence of water content in DES on the extraction efficiency was investigated. ChCl-AA and ChCl-CA experienced a drop in viscosity from 9.678 to 1.429 and 22.658 ± 1.655 mm2/s, respectively as the water content in the DES increased from 0 to 50 wt% which contributed to higher extraction efficiency for the ferulic acid. Between 41,155 ± 940 mg/kg ferulic acid was obtained after 6 h reflux when ChCl-AA with 30 wt% water was used for the extraction compared to 30,940 ± 621 mg/kg when neat ChCl-AA was used. Although viscosity of the DES could be improved with the addition of water, there is a threshold where the DES could tolerate the presence of water without changing its solvent behavior. The optimum condition for extraction of ferulic acid from palm pressed fiber was heating for 6 h with DES containing 30 wt% water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvent" title="deep eutectic solvent">deep eutectic solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferulic%20acid" title=" ferulic acid"> ferulic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20fibre" title=" palm fibre"> palm fibre</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165450/application-of-deep-eutectic-solvent-in-the-extraction-of-ferulic-acid-from-palm-pressed-fibre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8011</span> Interaction of Metals with Non-Conventional Solvents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgeny%20E.%20Tereshatov">Evgeny E. Tereshatov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20Folden"> C. M. Folden</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ionic liquids and deep eutectic mixtures represent so-called non-conventional solvents. The former, composed of discrete ions, is a salt with a melting temperature below 100°С. The latter, consisting of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, is a mixture of at least two compounds, resulting in a melting temperature depression in comparison with that of the individual moiety. These systems also can be water-immiscible, which makes them applicable for metal extraction. This work will cover interactions of In, Tl, Ir, and Rh in hydrochloric acid media with eutectic mixtures and Er, Ir, and At in a gas phase with chemically modified α-detectors. The purpose is to study chemical systems based on non-conventional solvents in terms of their interaction with metals. Once promising systems are found, the next step is to modify the surface of α-detectors used in the online element production at cyclotrons to get the detector chemical selectivity. Initially, the metal interactions are studied by means of the liquid-liquid extraction technique. Then appropriate molecules are chemisorbed on the surrogate surface first to understand the coating quality. Finally, a detector is covered with the same molecule, and the metal sorption on such detectors is studied in the online regime. It was found that chemical treatment of the surface can result in 99% coverage with a monolayer formation. This surface is chemically active and can adsorb metals from hydrochloric acid solutions. Similarly, a detector surface was modified and tested during cyclotron-based experiments. Thus, a procedure of detectors functionalization has been developed, and this opens an interesting opportunity of studying chemisorption of elements which do not have stable isotopes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism" title="mechanism">mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioisotopes" title=" radioisotopes"> radioisotopes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20extraction" title=" solvent extraction"> solvent extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20phase%20sorption" title=" gas phase sorption"> gas phase sorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152945/interaction-of-metals-with-non-conventional-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8010</span> Chitin Crystalline Phase Transition Promoted by Deep Eutectic Solvent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20G.%20Ramirez-Wong">Diana G. Ramirez-Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marius%20Ramirez"> Marius Ramirez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Regina%20Sanchez-Leija"> Regina Sanchez-Leija</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20Rugerio"> Adriana Rugerio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Araceli%20Mauricio-Sanchez"> R. Araceli Mauricio-Sanchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20A.%20Hernandez-Landaverde"> Martin A. Hernandez-Landaverde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arturo%20Carranza"> Arturo Carranza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20A.%20Pojman"> John A. Pojman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josue%20D.%20Mota-Morales"> Josue D. Mota-Morales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Luna-Barcenas"> Gabriel Luna-Barcenas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chitin films were prepared using alpha-chitin from shrimp shells as raw material and a simple method of precipitation-evaporation. Choline chloride: urea Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) was used to disperse chitin and compared against hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). A careful analysis of the chemical and crystalline structure was followed along the synthesis of the films, revealing crystalline-phase transitions. The full conversion of alpha- to beta-, or alpha- to gamma-chitin structure were detected by XRD and NMR on the films. The synthesis of highly crystalline monophasic gamma-chitin films was achieved using a DES; whereas HFIP helps to promote the beta-phase. These results are encouraging to continue in the study of DES as good processing media to control the final properties of chitin based materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitin" title="chitin">chitin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvent" title=" deep eutectic solvent"> deep eutectic solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymorph" title=" polymorph"> polymorph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transformation" title=" phase transformation"> phase transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48813/chitin-crystalline-phase-transition-promoted-by-deep-eutectic-solvent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8009</span> Limiting Fracture Stress of Composite Ceramics with Symmetric Triangle Eutectic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Zheng">Jian Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinfeng%20Yu"> Jinfeng Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinhua%20Ni"> Xinhua Ni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The limiting fracture stress predicting model of composite ceramics with symmetric triangle eutectic was established based on its special microscopic structure. The symmetric triangle eutectic is consisted of matrix, the strong constraint inter-phase and reinforced fiber inclusions which are 120 degrees uniform symmetrical distribution. Considering the conditions of the rupture of the cohesive bond between matrix and fibers in eutectic and the stress concentration effect at the fiber end, the intrinsic fracture stress of eutectic was obtained. Based on the biggest micro-damage strain in eutectic, defining the load function, the macro-damage fracture stress of symmetric triangle eutectic was determined by boundary conditions. Introducing the conception of critical zone, the theoretical limiting fracture stress forecasting model of composite ceramics was got, and the stress was related to the fiber size and fiber volume fraction in eutectic. The calculated results agreed with the experimental results in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetric%20triangle%20eutectic" title="symmetric triangle eutectic">symmetric triangle eutectic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20ceramics" title=" composite ceramics"> composite ceramics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limiting%20stress" title=" limiting stress"> limiting stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrinsic%20fracture%20stress" title=" intrinsic fracture stress"> intrinsic fracture stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72473/limiting-fracture-stress-of-composite-ceramics-with-symmetric-triangle-eutectic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8008</span> Photophysics and Torsional Dynamics of Thioflavin T in Deep Eutectic Solvents </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Kumar%20Gautam">Rajesh Kumar Gautam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debabrata%20Seth"> Debabrata Seth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thioflavin-T (ThT) play a key role of an important biologically active fluorescent sensor for amyloid fibrils. ThT molecule has been developed a method to detect the analysis of different type of diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and type II diabetes. ThT was used as a fluorescent marker to detect the formation of amyloid fibril. In the presence of amyloid fibril, ThT becomes highly fluorescent. ThT undergoes twisting motion around C-C bonds of the two adjacent benzothiazole and dimethylaniline aromatic rings, which is predominantly affected by the micro-viscosity of the local environment. The present study articulates photophysics and torsional dynamics of biologically active molecule ThT in the presence of deep-eutectic solvents (DESs). DESs are environment-friendly, low cost and biodegradable alternatives to the ionic liquids. DES resembles ionic liquids, but the constituents of a DES include a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor species, in addition to ions. Due to the presence of the H-bonding network within a DES, it exhibits structural heterogeneity. Herein, we have prepared two different DESs by mixing urea with choline chloride and N, N-diethyl ethanol ammonium chloride at ~ 340 K. It was reported that deep eutectic mixture of choline chloride with urea gave a liquid with a freezing point of 12°C. We have experimented by taking two different concentrations of ThT. It was observed that at higher concentration of ThT (50 µM) it forms aggregates in DES. The photophysics of ThT as a function of temperature have been explored by using steady-state, and picoseconds time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopic techniques. From the spectroscopic analysis, we have observed that with rising temperature the fluorescence quantum yields and lifetime values of ThT molecule gradually decreases; this is the cumulative effect of thermal quenching and increase in the rate of the torsional rate constant. The fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime decay values were always higher for DES-II (urea & N, N-diethyl ethanol ammonium chloride) than those for DES-I (urea & choline chloride). This was mainly due to the presence of structural heterogeneity of the medium. This was further confirmed by comparison with the activation energy of viscous flow with the activation energy of non-radiative decay. ThT molecule in less viscous media undergoes a very fast twisting process and leads to deactivation from the photoexcited state. In this system, the torsional motion increases with increasing temperature. We have concluded that beside bulk viscosity of the media, structural heterogeneity of the medium play crucial role to guide the photophysics of ThT in DESs. The analysis of the experimental data was carried out in the temperature range 288 ≤ T = 333K. The present articulate is to obtain an insight into the DESs as media for studying various photophysical processes of amyloid fibrils sensing molecule of ThT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvent" title="deep eutectic solvent">deep eutectic solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photophysics" title=" photophysics"> photophysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thioflavin%20T" title=" Thioflavin T"> Thioflavin T</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20torsional%20rate%20constant" title=" the torsional rate constant"> the torsional rate constant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98134/photophysics-and-torsional-dynamics-of-thioflavin-t-in-deep-eutectic-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8007</span> Effect of Y Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sn-Zn Eutectic Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Ho%20Moon">Jung-Ho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of Yttrium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-Zn eutectic alloy, which has been attracting intensive focus as a Pb-free solder material, was investigated in this study. Phase equilibrium has been calculated by using FactSage® to evaluate the composition and fraction of equilibrium intermetallic compounds and construct a phase diagram. In the case of Sn-8.8 Zn eutectic alloy, the as-cast microstructure was typical lamellar. With addition of 0.25 wt. %Y, a large amount of pro-eutectic phases have been observed and various YZnx intermetallic compounds were expected to successively form during cooling. Hardness of Sn-8.8 Zn alloy was not affected by Y-addition and both alloys could be rolled by 90% at room temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sn-Zn%20eutectic%20alloy" title="Sn-Zn eutectic alloy">Sn-Zn eutectic alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yttrium" title=" yttrium"> yttrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FactSage%C2%AE" title=" FactSage®"> FactSage®</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7127/effect-of-y-addition-on-the-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-of-sn-zn-eutectic-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8006</span> Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Al-2Mn-5Fe Ternary Eutectic Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emin%20%C3%87adirli">Emin Çadirli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izzettin%20Yilmazer"> Izzettin Yilmazer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U%C4%9Fur%20B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk"> Uğur Büyük</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Kaya"> Hasan Kaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Al-2Mn-5Fe eutectic alloy (wt.%) was prepared in a graphite crucible under vacuum atmosphere. The samples were directionally solidified upward at a constant temperature gradient in four different of growth rates by using a Bridgman method. The values of eutectic spacing were measured from longitudinal and transverse sections of the samples. The dependence of eutectic spacing on the growth rate was determined by using linear regression analysis. The microhardness and tensile strength of the studied alloy also were measured from directionally solidified samples. The dependency of the microhardness and tensile strength for directionally solidified Al-2Mn-5Fe eutectic alloy on the growth rate were investigated and the relationships between them were experimentally obtained by using regression analysis. The results obtained in present work were compared with the previous similar experimental results obtained for binary and ternary alloys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutectic%20alloy" title="eutectic alloy">eutectic alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microhardness" title=" microhardness"> microhardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27071/microstructural-characterization-and-mechanical-properties-of-al-2mn-5fe-ternary-eutectic-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8005</span> Efficient L-Xylulose Production Using Whole-Cell Biocatalyst With NAD+ Regeneration System Through Co-Expression of Xylitol Dehydrogenase and NADH Oxidase in Escherichia Coli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesfin%20Angaw%20Tesfay">Mesfin Angaw Tesfay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> L-Xylulose is a potentially valuable rare sugar used as starting material for antiviral and anticancer drug development in pharmaceutical industries. L-Xylulose exist in a very low concentration in nature and have to be synthesized from cheap starting materials such as xylitol through biotechnological approaches. In this study, cofactor engineering and deep eutectic solvent were applied to improve the efficiency of L-xylulose production from xylitol. A water-forming NAD+ regeneration enzyme (NADH oxidase) from Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 was introduced into E. coli with xylitol-4-dehydrogenase (XDH) of Pantoea ananatis resulting in recombinant cells harboring the vector pETDuet-xdh-SmNox. Further, three deep eutectic solvents (DES) including, Choline chloride/glycerol (ChCl/G), Choline chloride/urea (ChCl/U), and Choline chloride/ethylene glycol (ChCl/EG) have been employed to facilitate the conversion efficiency of L-xylulose from xylitol. The co-expression system exhibited optimal activity at a temperature of 37 ℃ and pH 8.5, and the addition of Mg2+ enhanced the catalytic activity by 1.19-fold. Co-expression of NADH oxidase with XDH enzyme resulted in increased L-xylulose concentration and productivity from xylitol as well as the intracellular NAD+ concentration. Two of the DES used (ChCl/U and ChCl/EG) show positive effects on product yield and the ChCl/G has inhibiting effects. The optimum concentration of ChCl/U was 2.5%, which increased the L-xylulose yields compared to the control without DES. In a 1 L fermenter the final concentration and productivity of L-xylulose from 50 g/L of xylitol reached 48.45 g/L, and 2.42 g/L.h respectively, which was the highest report. Overall, this study is a suitable approach for large-scale production of L-xylulose from xylitol using the engineered E. coli cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xylitol-4-dehydrogenase" title="Xylitol-4-dehydrogenase">Xylitol-4-dehydrogenase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NADH%20oxidase" title=" NADH oxidase"> NADH oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L-xylulose" title=" L-xylulose"> L-xylulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xylitol" title=" Xylitol"> Xylitol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coexpression" title=" Coexpression"> Coexpression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DESs" title=" DESs"> DESs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192242/efficient-l-xylulose-production-using-whole-cell-biocatalyst-with-nad-regeneration-system-through-co-expression-of-xylitol-dehydrogenase-and-nadh-oxidase-in-escherichia-coli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8004</span> The Effects of Microstructure of Directionally Solidified Al-Si-Fe Alloys on Micro Hardness, Tensile Strength, and Electrical Resistivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevda%20Engin">Sevda Engin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugur%20Buyuk"> Ugur Buyuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Necmettin%20Marasli"> Necmettin Marasli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Directional solidification of eutectic alloys attracts considerable attention because of microhardness, tensile strength, and electrical resistivity influenced by eutectic structures. In this research, we examined processing of Al–Si–Fe (Al–11.7wt.%Si–1wt.%Fe) eutectic by directional solidification. The alloy was prepared by vacuum furnace and directionally solidified in Bridgman-type equipment. During the directional solidification process, the growth rates utilized varied from 8.25 m/s to 164.80 m/s. The Al–Si–Fe system showed an eutectic transformation, which resulted in the matrix Al, Si and Al5SiFe plate phases. The eutectic spacing between (λ_Si-λ_Si, λ_(Al_5 SiFe)-λ_(Al_5 SiFe)) was measured. Additionally, the microhardness, tensile strength, and electrical resistivity of the alloy were determined using directionally solidified samples. The effects of growth rates on microhardness, tensile strength, and electrical resistivity for directionally solidified Al–Si–Fe eutectic alloy were investigated, and the relationships between them were experimentally obtained. It was found that the microhardness, tensile strength, and electrical resistivity were affected by both eutectic spacing and the solidification parameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional%20solidification" title="directional solidification">directional solidification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20alloy" title=" aluminum alloy"> aluminum alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20properties" title=" electrical properties"> electrical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20test" title=" tensile test"> tensile test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness%20test" title=" hardness test"> hardness test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45109/the-effects-of-microstructure-of-directionally-solidified-al-si-fe-alloys-on-micro-hardness-tensile-strength-and-electrical-resistivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents&page=267">267</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents&page=268">268</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20deep%20eutectic%20solvents&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>