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cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Приложение" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Приложение"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Приложение</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Приложение-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-История" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#История"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>История</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-История-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел История</span> </button> <ul id="toc-История-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Памукът_и_индустриалната_революция" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Памукът_и_индустриалната_революция"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Памукът и индустриалната революция</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Памукът_и_индустриалната_революция-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Производство" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Производство"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Производство</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Производство-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Производство</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Производство-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-В_световен_мащаб" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#В_световен_мащаб"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>В световен мащаб</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-В_световен_мащаб-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-В_България" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#В_България"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>В България</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-В_България-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Видове_памуково_растение" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Видове_памуково_растение"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Видове памуково растение</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Видове_памуково_растение-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Култивиране" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Култивиране"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Култивиране</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Култивиране-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Свойства_и_химичен_състав" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Свойства_и_химичен_състав"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Свойства и химичен състав</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Свойства_и_химичен_състав-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Свойства и химичен състав</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Свойства_и_химичен_състав-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Химичен_състав" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Химичен_състав"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Химичен състав</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Химичен_състав-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Мерсеризиране" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Мерсеризиране"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Мерсеризиране</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Мерсеризиране-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Водещи_производители_на_памук" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Водещи_производители_на_памук"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Водещи производители на памук</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Водещи_производители_на_памук-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вижте_също" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вижте_също"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Вижте също</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вижте_също-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Памук</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 147 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-147" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">147 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoen" title="Katoen – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Katoen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumwollfaser" title="Baumwollfaser – швейцарски немски" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Baumwollfaser" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарски немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%A5%E1%8C%A5" title="ጥጥ – амхарски" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጥጥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parok" title="Parok – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Parok" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cot%C3%B3n" title="Cotón – арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cotón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="कपास – ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कपास" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%86" title="قطن – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قطن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%86" title="قطن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قطن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9" title="কপাহ – асамски" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কপাহ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algod%C3%B3n" title="Algodón – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Algodón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="कपास – авади" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कपास" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авади" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhiya" title="Qhiya – аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qhiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamb%C4%B1q" title="Pambıq – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pambıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%82" title="پامبیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پامبیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Мамыҡ – башкирски" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мамыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boveln%C4%97" title="Bovelnė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bovelnė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapas" title="Gapas – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gapas" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Бавоўна – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бавоўна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Бавоўна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бавоўна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapas" title="Kapas – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kapas" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="তুলা – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koto%C3%B1s" title="Kotoñs – бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kotoñs" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamuk" title="Pamuk – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pamuk" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Хүбэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүбэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cot%C3%B3" title="Cotó – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cotó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%A8ng-hu%C4%83" title="Mièng-huă – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mièng-huă" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B3hpeeva" title="Vóhpeeva – шайенски" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vóhpeeva" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="шайенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavlna" title="Bavlna – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bavlna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA" title="Мамăк – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мамăк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotwm" title="Cotwm – уелски" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cotwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomuld" title="Bomuld – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bomuld" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumwollfaser" title="Baumwollfaser – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baumwollfaser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alath" title="Alath – динка" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Alath" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="динка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peme" title="Peme – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Peme" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="कपास – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कपास" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9_(%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1)" title="Βαμβάκι (ίνα) – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαμβάκι (ίνα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cotton" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotono" title="Kotono – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kotono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algod%C3%B3n" title="Algodón – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Algodón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuvill" title="Puuvill – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puuvill" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotoi" title="Kotoi – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kotoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87" title="پنبه – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پنبه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuvilla" title="Puuvilla – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puuvilla" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuvill" title="Puuvill – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Puuvill" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bummull" title="Bummull – фарьорски" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bummull" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарьорски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coton" title="Coton – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buumoltriad" title="Buumoltriad – северен фризийски" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Buumoltriad" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северен фризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoen" title="Katoen – западнофризийски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Katoen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cad%C3%A1s" title="Cadás – ирландски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cadás" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotan" title="Cotan – шотландски келтски" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cotan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландски келтски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algod%C3%B3n" title="Algodón – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Algodón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandyju" title="Mandyju – гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mandyju" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8" title="કપાસ – гуджарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કપાસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maawui" title="Maawui – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Maawui" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadee" title="Cadee – манкски" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cadee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="манкски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auduga" title="Auduga – хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Auduga" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaopa" title="Kaopa – хавайски" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kaopa" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="хавайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94" title="כותנה – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כותנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="कपास – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कपास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapaas" title="Kapaas – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kapaas" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamuk" title="Pamuk – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pamuk" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamut" title="Pamut – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pamut" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coton" title="Coton – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Coton" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapas" title="Kapas – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapas" title="Kapas – илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kapas" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotono" title="Kotono – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kotono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C3%B0mull" title="Baðmull – исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Baðmull" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotone_(fibra)" title="Cotone (fibra) – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cotone (fibra)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B6%BF" title="木綿 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="木綿" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapas" title="Kapas – явански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kapas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="явански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ბამბა – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბამბა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxta" title="Paxta – каракалпашки" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Paxta" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabdu%C9%A3t" title="Tabduɣt – кабилски" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tabduɣt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96)" title="Мақта (шитті) – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мақта (шитті)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ಹತ್ತಿ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹತ್ತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%B4%EC%84%AC%EC%9C%A0" title="면섬유 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="면섬유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemb%C3%BB" title="Pembû – кюрдски" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pembû" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="кюрдски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koton" title="Koton – корнуолски" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Koton" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнуолски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linum_xylinum" title="Linum xylinum – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linum xylinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotteng" title="Kotteng – люксембургски" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kotteng" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coton" title="Coton – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Coton" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketoen" title="Ketoen – лимбургски" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ketoen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coton" title="Coton – ломбардски" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Coton" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбардски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntok%C3%ADya" title="Ntokíya – лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ntokíya" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medviln%C4%97" title="Medvilnė – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medvilnė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokvilna" title="Kokvilna – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kokvilna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="कपास – майтхили" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कपास" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтхили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landihazo" title="Landihazo – малгашки" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Landihazo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малгашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Памук – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Памук" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="പരുത്തി – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പരുത്തി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Хөвөн – монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хөвөн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="कापूस – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कापूस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapas" title="Kapas – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kapas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="कपास – непалски" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कपास" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8C" title="कपाय्‌ – неварски" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कपाय्‌" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afasi" title="Afasi – ниас" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Afasi" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="ниас" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoen" title="Katoen – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Katoen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomull" title="Bomull – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bomull" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomull" title="Bomull – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bomull" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coton" title="Coton – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Coton" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE" title="କପା – ория" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କପା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9" title="ਕਪਾਹ – пенджабски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਪਾਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bawe%C5%82na_(w%C5%82%C3%B3kno)" title="Bawełna (włókno) – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bawełna (włókno)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%81" title="کپاہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کپاہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87" title="پنبه – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پنبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algod%C3%A3o" title="Algodão – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Algodão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utku" title="Utku – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Utku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumbac" title="Bumbac – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bumbac" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Хлопок – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хлопок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Хлопок – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хлопок" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱠᱟᱥᱠᱚᱢ – сантали" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱥᱠᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuttuni" title="Cuttuni – сицилиански" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cuttuni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%BE%DA%BE" title="ڪپھ – синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪپھ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamuk" title="Pamuk – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pamuk" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cotton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavlna" title="Bavlna – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bavlna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomba%C5%BE" title="Bombaž – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bombaž" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donje" title="Donje – шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Donje" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cudbi" title="Cudbi – сомалийски" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cudbi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомалийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pambuku" title="Pambuku – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pambuku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Памук – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Памук" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapas" title="Kapas – сундански" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kapas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomull" title="Bomull – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bomull" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamba" title="Pamba – суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pamba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/kupa" title="kupa – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="kupa" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="பருத்தி – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பருத்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="పత్తి – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పత్తి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Пахта – таджикски" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пахта" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9D%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="ผ้าฝ้าย – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผ้าฝ้าย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagta" title="Pagta – туркменски" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Pagta" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamuk" title="Pamuk – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pamuk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D2%97%D0%B5-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Киҗе-мамык – татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Киҗе-мамык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%90%DB%8B%DB%95%D8%B2" title="كېۋەز – уйгурски" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كېۋەز" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Бавовна – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бавовна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="کپاس – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کپاس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxta" title="Paxta – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Paxta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puvill" title="Puvill – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Puvill" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%A3i_b%C3%B4ng" title="Sợi bông – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sợi bông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapas" title="Gapas – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gapas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%ABtt%C3%A9en" title="Wëttéen – волоф" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wëttéen" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E8%8A%B1" title="棉花 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="棉花" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%94" title="ბამბე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბამბე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C" title="באוול – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באוול" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faiq" title="Faiq – зуанг" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Faiq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="зуанг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E8%8A%B1" title="棉花 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="棉花" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AE-hoe" title="Mî-hoe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mî-hoe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E8%8A%B1" title="棉花 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="棉花" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11457#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA" rel="discussion" title="Беседа за страницата [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Прегледи"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Инструменти" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><div class="othermeaning-box"> <dl><dd><i>Вижте <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" class="mw-disambig" title="Памук (пояснение)">пояснителната страница</a> за други значения на <b>Памук</b>.</i></dd></dl> <hr /></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flickr_-_lo.tangelini_-_Flor_del_algod%C3%B2n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flickr_-_lo.tangelini_-_Flor_del_algod%C3%B2n.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_lo.tangelini_-_Flor_del_algod%C3%B2n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flickr_-_lo.tangelini_-_Flor_del_algod%C3%B2n.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_lo.tangelini_-_Flor_del_algod%C3%B2n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flickr_-_lo.tangelini_-_Flor_del_algod%C3%B2n.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_lo.tangelini_-_Flor_del_algod%C3%B2n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Памук</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Памукът</b> е ценна <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Влакнодайни култури">влакнодайна култура</a>, добивана от семепъпката на няколко вида от растителния род <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Памук (род)">Памук</a> (<i>Gossypium</i>) – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gossypium_arboreum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gossypium arboreum (страницата не съществува)">G. arboreum</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gossypium_barbadense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gossypium barbadense (страницата не съществува)">G. barbadense</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gossypium_herbaceum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gossypium herbaceum (страницата не съществува)">G. herbaceum</a></i> и <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gossypium_hirsutum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gossypium hirsutum (страницата не съществува)">G. hirsutum</a></i>. Представлява съвкупност от меки, пухкави щапелни влакна, изградени от около 94% целулоза, които се дължат на разрастване до 2000 пъти на епидермална клетка от семепъпката с цел да образува защита на семената от изсушаване и подобри разпространението им след узряване. </p><p>Растението, от което се добива памукът, представлява многогодишен храст, разпространен в тропическите и субтропическите региони на целия свят, включително <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Северна Америка">Северна</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Южна Америка">Южна Америка</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Африка">Африка</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия">Индия</a>. Най-голямото разнообразие на видове див памук днес съществува в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Мексико">Мексико</a>, следвано от <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австралия">Австралия</a> и Африка.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Одомашняване">Одомашняването</a> на културата е протекло независимо и успоредно в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Стар свят">Стария</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Нов свят">Новия свят</a>. </p><p>Влакната на памука се използват за направата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Прежда">прежда</a> или платове, използвани в текстилната промишленост. Използването на памука за плат е известно от праисторически времена. Открити са фрагменти от памучен плат, датирани от 5000 г. пр. Хр. и използвани от цивилизациите в Мексико и долината на <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Инд">Инд</a>. Въпреки че се отглежда от дълбока древност, едва след изобретяването на механизираната машина за отделяне на памука от растението и зърната е станало възможно да се понижи цената на производството му. Това довежда до широкото му използване и превръщането на памука в най-използвания природен продукт, влаган в облеклото. </p><p>Настоящите оценки за световното производство възлизат на около 25 милиона тона годишно. Това показва, че памукът се добива от около 2,5% от обработваемата земя в света. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай">Китай</a> е най-големият производител на памук в света, но по-голямата част от продукцията му се използва за вътрешни цели. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="САЩ">САЩ</a> е най-големият износител в продължение на много години.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Приложение"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B6.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Приложение</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Приложение" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Приложение"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Използва се почти цялата част на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Плод">плода</a> (кутийката): </p> <ul><li>от <i>влакното</i> се произвеждат <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Прежди">прежди</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Текстил">текстил</a>, служи за изработка на <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Брезент">брезенти</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ремък (страницата не съществува)">ремъци</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Изкуствена коприна (страницата не съществува)">изкуствена коприна</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Филтри">филтри</a>, намотки за <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Електромотор">електромотори</a>;</li> <li>от <i>мъха</i>, който покрива семената се приготвят над 30 продукта;</li> <li>от <i>семената</i> се извлича <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Растително масло">масло</a>, което е полусъхливо и служи за производство на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Сапун">сапуни</a> и за други технически цели, а добито чрез студено пресоване може да се използва за храна на хората. Също от семената се добиват <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Протеин">белтъци</a> със състав, близък до млечния, които успешно се използват за храна на децата.</li> <li><i>стъблата</i> могат да бъдат преработвани и да служат като енергиен източник;</li> <li><i>кюспето</i> след преработка на семената е с много добра <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Фураж">фуражна</a> стойност.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="История"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>История</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: История" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: История"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Културата произхожда от два центъра – <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Азия">Азия</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Америка">Америка</a>. Като културно растение започва да се отглежда в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Перу">Перу</a>, 3000 г. пр. Хр., а в <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия">Индия</a> – значително по-късно. В <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европа</a> е пренесен 2 века пр. Хр., но по-голямо разпространение получава към <a href="/wiki/8_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="8 век">8</a> – <a href="/wiki/10_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="10 век">10 век</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания">Испания</a>, където започват да го отглеждат <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Араби">арабите</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Памукът_и_индустриалната_революция"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.B0.D0.BC.D1.83.D0.BA.D1.8A.D1.82_.D0.B8_.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B4.D1.83.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0_.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.BB.D1.8E.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Памукът и индустриалната революция</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Памукът и индустриалната революция" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Памукът и индустриалната революция"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Horrockses_display.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Horrockses_display.jpg/220px-Horrockses_display.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Horrockses_display.jpg/330px-Horrockses_display.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Horrockses_display.jpg/440px-Horrockses_display.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2585" data-file-height="3334" /></a><figcaption>Витрина с предмети от някогашна текстилна фабрика в Престън, Ланкашър</figcaption></figure> <p>Настъпването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индустриална революция">индустриалната революция</a> е свързано до голяма степен с развитието на памучната <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Текстилна промишленост">текстилна промишленост</a> във Великобритания. През 1738 година Луис Пол и Джон Уайът от <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Бирмингам">Бирмингам</a> патентоват ролната предачна машина и системата със совалка и бобини за тъкане на платно с равномерна дебелина. По-късно „spinning jenny“ през 1764 и предачният стан на Ричард Аркрайт (основан на ролната машина) през 1769 година значително увеличават производителността на труда на британските тъкачи. От края на 18 век нататък център на памучната индустрия е <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Манчестър">Манчестър</a>. Производственият капацитет в Англия и Америка получава още един тласък с изобретяването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Машина за почистване на памука">машина за почистване на памука</a> (<i>cotton gin</i>) от американеца <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Илай Уитни">Илай Уитни</a> през 1793 година. Подобряващата се технология и нарастващият контрол върху световните пазари дават възможност на английските търговци да развият т.нар. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8A%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Триъгълна търговия">триъгълна търговия</a>: суровият памук се товари от плантациите в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Колония">колониите</a>, обработва се като платно в тъкачните фабрики на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Ланкашър">Ланкашър</a> и след това се изнася отново по море до колониалните пазари в Западна Африка, Индия и Китай. Един от аспектите на тази търговия е свързан с търговията с роби: англичаните пътуват от Европа до бреговете на <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Гвинейски залив">Гвинейския залив</a> (за да придобият и закарат отвъд <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Атлантика">Атлантика</a> роби като евтина работна ръка), а обратно от Америка за Европа превозват продукти придобити чрез робски труд – <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Захар">захар</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">памук</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Кафе">кафе</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Какао">какао</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Тютюн">тютюн</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Индиго">индиго</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Производство"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B4.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.BE"></span>Производство</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Производство" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Производство"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="В_световен_мащаб"><span id=".D0.92_.D1.81.D0.B2.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.89.D0.B0.D0.B1"></span>В световен мащаб</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: В световен мащаб" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: В световен мащаб"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Използването на памуковите влакна, респ. тъкани, непрекъснато нараства, въпреки увеличеното производство на изкуствени тъкани. Причината за това е в особеното им качество – регулира топлината на тялото, не предизвиква <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алергия">алергии</a> и т.н. В света се засяват около 350 млн. <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Декар">дка</a> памук, от които 150 млн. дка в Азия. На следващо място е Америка с около 100 млн. дка. В Европа се отглеждат около 3 млн. дка. Най-големи производители са <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия">Индия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="САЩ">САЩ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бразилия">Бразилия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай">Китай</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Египет">Египет</a> и бившите съветски републики в Средна Азия. Най-качествено влакно от памук се получава в Египет, където са и най-благоприятните климатични условия за добиване на високи добиви, оптимална дължина на влакното, съчетана с фин строеж. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="В_България"><span id=".D0.92_.D0.91.D1.8A.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>В България</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: В България" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: В България"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>В <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="България">България</a> памукът получава по-широко разпространение в средата на <a href="/wiki/19_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="19 век">19 век</a>, когато местните форми се подменят с американски памук, внесен от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Цариград">Цариград</a> и затова известен като „цариградски“. Първоначално се отглежда на малки площи. След <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Освобождение на България">Освобождението</a> площите, засети с памук, постепенно се увеличават, като към <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a> г. достигат 30 хил. дка, към <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> г. нарастват на 340 хил. дка и достигат максимум към 50-те години на <a href="/wiki/20_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="20 век">20 век</a> – 1,9 млн. дка. Поради близките икономически отношение на България със страните от централна Азия, нуждите на промишлеността започват да се задоволяват от внос и площта към края на <a href="/wiki/1970-%D1%82%D0%B5" title="1970-те">1970-те</a> години намалява до 300 хил. дка. През 1990-те години става драстично редуциране на текстилната промишленост в България, поради което площта на културата системно намалява и към настоящия момент е не повече от 50 хил. дка. По този начин сеитбата на памук е концентрирана най-вече в областите <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Стара Загора">Стара Загора</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Пловдив">Пловдив</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Хасково">Хасково</a>, а силно се редуцира това производство в районите на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Сливен">Сливен</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ямбол">Ямбол</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бургас">Бургас</a>. </p><p>Изследвания по памук в България се провеждат в <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Институт по памука и твърдата пшеница — Чирпан (страницата не съществува)">Института по памука и твърдата пшеница</a> – <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Чирпан">Чирпан</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Видове_памуково_растение"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B5_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.BC.D1.83.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.BE_.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Видове памуково растение</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Редактиране на раздел: Видове памуково растение" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Видове памуково растение"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Съществуват четири вида промишлено използван памук, всичките отглеждани още от древността: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gossypium_hirsutum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gossypium hirsutum (страницата не съществува)">Gossypium hirsutum</a></i> – планински памук, произхожда от Централна Америка, Мексико, Карибския басейн; (90% от световното производство)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gossypium_barbadense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gossypium barbadense (страницата не съществува)">Gossypium barbadense</a></i> – Креолски или Египетски памук, родно място тропика на Южна Америка; (8% от световното производство)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gossypium_arboreum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gossypium arboreum (страницата не съществува)">Gossypium arboreum</a></i> – дървесен памук, родина Индия и Пакистан; (под 2% от световното производство)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gossypium_herbaceum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gossypium herbaceum (страницата не съществува)">Gossypium herbaceum</a></i> – средиземноморски памук, Арабски полуостров и Африка; (под 2% от световното производство)</li></ul> <p>Двата вида памук от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Новия свят">Новия свят</a> съставляват огромната част от произвеждания в съвремието памук, но преди 1900 година двата вида от Стария свят са били широко застъпени. Тъй като естественият цвят на памучните влакна може да бъде бял, кафяв или зелен и поради страх от генетична контаминация, в много места за отглеждане на памук е забранено отглеждането на цветен памук, който е специален продукт. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Култивиране"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Култивиране</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Редактиране на раздел: Култивиране" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Култивиране"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-029895,_Togo,_Pfl%C3%BCgen_eines_Baumwollfeldes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-029895%2C_Togo%2C_Pfl%C3%BCgen_eines_Baumwollfeldes.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-029895%2C_Togo%2C_Pfl%C3%BCgen_eines_Baumwollfeldes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-029895%2C_Togo%2C_Pfl%C3%BCgen_eines_Baumwollfeldes.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-029895%2C_Togo%2C_Pfl%C3%BCgen_eines_Baumwollfeldes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-029895%2C_Togo%2C_Pfl%C3%BCgen_eines_Baumwollfeldes.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-029895%2C_Togo%2C_Pfl%C3%BCgen_eines_Baumwollfeldes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>Оран на памучна нива в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Того">Того</a>, 1928</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Cotton_modules.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cotton_modules.JPG/220px-Cotton_modules.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cotton_modules.JPG/330px-Cotton_modules.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cotton_modules.JPG/440px-Cotton_modules.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Памучни бали в Австралия (2007)</figcaption></figure> <p>За успешното култивиране на памук са необходими: дълги периоди без слана, изобилие от слънчева светлина, както и умерено количество на валежите, обикновено от 600 до 1200 mm. Обикновено почвите трябва да са достатъчно силни, но не се изискват изключителни нива на хранителните вещества. Като цяло такива условия се срещат в сезонно сухите тропици, както и в субтропиците в северното и южното полукълбо. В днешно време обаче голяма част от производството на памук се осъществява на места с по-малко валежи, като това налага допълнително изкуствено напояване. Производството на семена за новия сезон започва обикновено скоро след есенното прибиране на реколтата. Времето за сеитба в северното полукълбо варира от февруари до началото на юни. Областта от САЩ известна като Южните полета е най-големият регион за производство на памук в света. Тъй като памукът е в някаква степен толерантен към засоленост и засушаване, той е изключително подходящ за отглеждане в по-безплодни райони. С намаляването на водните ресурси по света, икономики, разчитащи на него, срещат затруднения и са в опасност от бъдещи екологични проблеми.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AF_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GT_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GT-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Така например неправилното обработване и напояване са довели до превръщането в пустини на цели области от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Узбекистан">Узбекистан</a>, където памукът е главна експортна стока и поминък на населението. През времената на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="СССР">СССР</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Аралско море">Аралско море</a> е използвано за изкуствено напояване, предимно на памук, в резултат на което днес почвата е повсеместно засолена.<sup id="cite_ref-AF_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GT_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GT-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>При подходящо култивиране може да се добие памук с различно от традиционното белезникаво оцветяване. Култивиран е естествен памук с червен, зелен и няколко нюанса на кафяво цвят.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Свойства_и_химичен_състав"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D0.B8_.D1.85.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D1.81.D1.8A.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B2"></span>Свойства и химичен състав</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Редактиране на раздел: Свойства и химичен състав" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Свойства и химичен състав"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:C21a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/C21a.jpg/220px-C21a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/C21a.jpg/330px-C21a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/C21a.jpg/440px-C21a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Памучни нишки, микроскопско изображение</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="35%">Свойство </th> <th>Оценка </th></tr> <tr> <td>Вид </td> <td>Постоянна дебелина 12 – 20 μm; дължина 1 cm до 6 cm; обикновено 2,2 cm до 3,3 cm. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Здравина </td> <td>голяма </td></tr> <tr> <td>Издръжливост <br /> сух <br /> мокър </td> <td><br /> 3 – 5 g/d <br /> 3,3 – 6 g/d </td></tr> <tr> <td>Еластичност </td> <td>ниска </td></tr> <tr> <td>Плътност </td> <td>1,54 – 1,56 g/cm³ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Влагоемкост <br /> суров: <br /> насищане<br /> мерсеризиран: <br /> насищане </td> <td><br />8,5%<br />15 – 25%<br />8.5 – 10,3%<br />15 – 27%+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Устойчивост на:<br />киселини<br />основи<br />орг. разтворители<br />Слънце<br />микроорганизми<br />насекоми </td> <td><br />поврежда и отслабва влакната<br />устойчив<br />висока устойчивост към повечето<br />дългото излагане отслабва влакната<br />уврежда се от плесени и някои бактерии.<br />Lepisma saccharina го уврежда </td></tr> <tr> <td>Топлина<br />Пламък </td> <td><br />Разлага се при продължително излагане на темп. от и над 150 ˚C <br /> Гори бързо. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Химичен_състав"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D1.81.D1.8A.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B2"></span>Химичен състав</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Редактиране на раздел: Химичен състав" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Химичен състав"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Целулоза">Целулоза</a> – 91%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода">Вода</a> – 7,85%</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Протоплазма (страницата не съществува)">Протоплазма</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пектин">пектини</a> – 0,55%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BA" title="Восък">Восък</a>, мазнини – 0,40%</li> <li>Минерални <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Сол">соли</a> – 0,20%</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Мерсеризиране"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D1.80.D1.81.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Мерсеризиране</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Редактиране на раздел: Мерсеризиране" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Мерсеризиране"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Мерсеризирането е процес, при който памучните материали се обработват с концентриран разтвор на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Натриев хидроксид">натриев хидроксид</a> (над 25%), най-често в опънато състояние, от което нишките на памука набъбват. В резултат нараства еластичността, здравината, лъскавината и хигроскопичността, с което и попиването на багрилата. Така продуктите от мерсеризиран памук са с по-наситени и трайни цветове, както и не променят формата и свойствата си дори след многократно носене и пране. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Водещи_производители_на_памук"><span id=".D0.92.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.89.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.BC.D1.83.D0.BA"></span>Водещи производители на памук</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Редактиране на раздел: Водещи производители на памук" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Водещи производители на памук"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="float:right;" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><b>Топ десет на страните—2011</b><br /><small>(480-паунда-бала)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Китай</td> <td style="text-align:right;">33.0 милиона бали </td></tr> <tr> <td>Индия</td> <td style="text-align:right;">27.0 милиона бали </td></tr> <tr> <td>САЩ</td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.0 милиона бали </td></tr> <tr> <td>Пакистан</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.3 милиона бали </td></tr> <tr> <td>Бразилия</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.3 милиона бали </td></tr> <tr> <td>Узбекистан</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.6 милиона бали </td></tr> <tr> <td>Австралия</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.2 милиона бали </td></tr> <tr> <td>Турция</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.8 милиона бали </td></tr> <tr> <td>Туркменистан</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.6 милиона бали </td></tr> <tr> <td>Гърция</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.4 милиона бали </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size:90%;">Източник:<sup id="cite_ref-stat_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Петте водещи износители на памук за 2011 са (1) САЩ, (2) Индия, (3) Бразилия, (4) Австралия и (5) Узбекистан. А най-големите вносители са Корея (Северна и Южна), Тайван, Русия, Хонг Конг и Япония.<sup id="cite_ref-stat_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625045134/http://www.ogtr.gov.au/pdf/ir/biologycotton08.pdf">The Biology of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L. (cotton)</a>. ogtr.gov.au</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturalfibres2009.org/en/fibres/cotton.html">„Natural fibres: Cotton“</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903094603/http://www.naturalfibres2009.org/en/fibres/cotton.html">Архив на оригинала от</a> 2011-09-03 в <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., International Year of Natural Fibres</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wegerich K. 2002. Natural drought or human-made water scarcity in Uzbekistan? <i>Central Asia and the Caucasus</i>. 2, 154 – 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFIsland_Press2004" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Pearce, Fred. 9 „A Salty Hell“ //  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/keepersofspringr0000pear_p2x0">Keepers of the Spring</a>.  Island Press, 2004. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/1559636815" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1559636815</a>. с. 109 – 122.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF1_ноември_2006" class="book" style="font-style:normal">A.K. Chapagain, A.Y. Hoekstra, H.H.G. Savenije and R. Gautam. The water footprint of cotton consumption: An assessment of the impact of worldwide consumption of cotton products on the water resources in the cotton producing countries //  <i>Ecological Economics</i> 60 (1).  1 ноември 2006. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.11.027">10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.11.027</a>. с. 186 – 203.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AF-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-AF_6-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AF_6-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMainguet1998" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Mainguet, Monique и др. Human-made Desertification in the Aral Sea Basin //  The Arid Frontier.  Springer, 1998. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0792342275" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0792342275</a>. с. 129 – 145.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GT-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-GT_7-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GT_7-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWaltham2001" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Waltham, Tony и др. The demise of the Aral Sea – an environmental disaster //  <i>Geology Today</i> 17 (6).  2001. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0266-6979.2001.00319.x">10.1046/j.0266-6979.2001.00319.x</a>. с. 218 – 228.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dickerson et al., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cati.csufresno.edu/ip/rese/99/990901.pdf">Naturally colored cotton</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719181721/http://cati.csufresno.edu/ip/rese/99/990901.pdf">Архив на оригинала от</a> 2011-07-19 в <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. CATI #990901</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stat-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-stat_9-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stat_9-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cotton.org/econ/cropinfo/cropdata/rankings.cfm">National Cotton Council of America – Rankings</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вижте_също"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B6.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.81.D1.8A.D1.89.D0.BE"></span>Вижте също</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Редактиране на раздел: Вижте също" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Вижте също"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Технически култури">Технически култури</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Влакнодайни култури">Влакнодайни култури</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Списък на земеделски теми">Списък на земеделски теми</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Памук&oldid=11964636">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Памук&oldid=11964636</a>“.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специални:Категории">Категории</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Категория:Биоразградими материали">Биоразградими материали</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Категория:Влакнодайни растения">Влакнодайни растения</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Скрити категории: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_Webarchive_%D1%81_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC_Wayback_Machine" title="Категория:Шаблон Webarchive с препратки към Wayback Machine">Шаблон Webarchive с препратки към Wayback Machine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8,_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8_ISBN" title="Категория:Страници, използващи вълшебни препратки ISBN">Страници, използващи вълшебни препратки ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Последната промяна на страницата е извършена на 9 октомври 2023 г. в 15:12 ч.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текстът е достъпен под лиценза <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.bg">Creative Commons Признание-Споделяне на споделеното</a>; може да са приложени допълнителни условия. 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