CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" id="top"> <head id="head">  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRM3HTK');</script>  <meta charset="UTF-8" /><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-22c5e25a4b8fb6c11ef","applicationID":"1298096896","transactionName":"ZVABYBQEXxBSVkQIClwaImc2SlABXEBETgxcUQZMSARCE0s=","queueTime":1,"applicationTime":1,"agent":"","atts":""}</script><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1386102003",accountID:"2685387",trustKey:"2685387",xpid:"VgAPVFVbDxABVlhaBwgBXl0H",licenseKey:"NRJS-22c5e25a4b8fb6c11ef",applicationID:"1298096896"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/_assets/core/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/wco1mnc.css" />  <title>About Us | JAMS Mediation, Arbitration, ADR Services</title> <meta name="title" content="About Us | JAMS Mediation, Arbitration, ADR Services"/> <meta name="description" content=""/> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/> <meta name="googlebot" content="index, follow"/> <meta property="og:title" content="About Us | JAMS Mediation, Arbitration, ADR Services"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.jamsadr.com/files/imagecontrol/19d2dda0-9ede-4cb5-b269-0342c2ecb5a4/7483b893-e478-44a4-8fed-f49aa917d8cf/presentation/image/jams_logo.png"/> <meta property="og:description" content=""/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="About Us | JAMS Mediation, Arbitration, ADR Services"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content=""/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.jamsadr.com/files/imagecontrol/19d2dda0-9ede-4cb5-b269-0342c2ecb5a4/7483b893-e478-44a4-8fed-f49aa917d8cf/presentation/image/jams_logo.png"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.jamsadr.com/about/"/>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_assets/core/vendor/aos.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_assets/core/css/global.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_assets/core/css/custom.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_assets/core/css/style.css" />   <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_assets/core/css/landing.css"/>    <script charset="utf-8" type="text/javascript" src="//js.hsforms.net/forms/v2.js"></script> <meta name="csrf-token" content="73d6b3c7-7c9d-42ba-9cc8-c4a20f448a85" /><title> </title></head> <body data-page-template="General Content">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRM3HTK" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <a href="#main-content" class="skip-to-main" id="skip-to-main"> Skip to main content </a> <header class="header" id="header">  <nav id="nav-secondary-container" class="nav-secondary-container" aria-label="Secondary"> <div class="container"> <ul class="nav nav-secondary" id="nav-secondary" label="Secondary Menu"> <li class="nav-item has-dd"> <a href="/about/" target="_self" id="jams_nav_about_link" class="nav-link dd-trigger">About</a><span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <ul class="nav-dd" id="jams_dd_about"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/about/" class="nav-link" target="_self">About JAMS</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/diversity/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Diversity & Inclusion</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/social-responsibility/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Commitment to Social Responsibility</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/jams-senior-management/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Senior Management & Leadership</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/knight/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Founder</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/jamsaccess" class="nav-link" target="_self">JAMS Access</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/jams-next" class="nav-link" target="_self">JAMS Next</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd"> <a href="/careers/" target="_self" id="jams_nav_careers_link" class="nav-link dd-trigger">Careers</a><span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <ul class="nav-dd" id="jams_dd_careers"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/careers/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Careers at JAMS</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/careers-benefits/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Employee Benefits</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href=" https://careers-jamsadr.icims.com/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Apply Online</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd"> <a href="/jamsfoundation/" target="_self" id="jams_nav_jams_foundation_link" class="nav-link dd-trigger">JAMS Foundation</a><span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <ul class="nav-dd" id="jams_dd_jams_foundation"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/jamsfoundation/" class="nav-link" target="_self">About JAMS Foundation</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/nafcm/" class="nav-link" target="_self">NAFCM Mini-Grant Program</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/acr/" class="nav-link" target="_self">ACR Initiative for Students and Youth</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/weinstein-fellowship/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Weinstein JAMS International Fellowship</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/foundation-initiatives/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Major Dispute Resolution Initiatives</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/knight-award/" class="nav-link" target="_self">Warren Knight Award</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/adr-educational-materials/" class="nav-link" target="_self">ADR Educational Materials</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/jams-foundation-archive" class="nav-link" target="_self">JAMS Foundation Archive</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/principal-benefactors" class="nav-link" target="_self">Principal Benefactors</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a href="/jams-foundation-board-of-directors" class="nav-link" target="_self">JAMS Foundation Board of Directors</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="nav-actions" id="nave-actions"> <a href="/submit/" class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_submit_case"> <span class="nav-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 500 500" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor"> <g> <rect x="161.96" y="178.77" width="43.56" height="15.84"></rect> <rect x="161.96" y="214.42" width="91.09" height="15.84"></rect> <rect x="161.96" y="250.06" width="91.09" height="15.84"></rect> <path d="M362.55,240.09a3,3,0,0,0-2.16-.94,3,3,0,0,0-2.17.94l-14.71,15.46a3.35,3.35,0,0,0,0,4.55l21.54,22.63a.31.31,0,0,1-.2.52l-98.72,1.52a3.14,3.14,0,0,0-3.07,3.22v21.86a3.14,3.14,0,0,0,3.07,3.22l101.62-1.52a.3.3,0,0,1,.2.51l-24.44,25.68a3.35,3.35,0,0,0,0,4.55l14.71,15.46a3,3,0,0,0,4.33,0l55.7-58.51-.3-.32.3-.31Z"> </path> <path d="M384.91,347.75l-28.28,27.59a3.6,3.6,0,0,0-1.08,2.57v16.6H146.71V83.17l104,.78v95.51a4.61,4.61,0,0,0,4.61,4.62H355.61l-.06,31.35a3.43,3.43,0,0,0,.93,2.35l29.16,31.15a1.17,1.17,0,0,0,2-.8l.11-95.23-.07-1.85L280.77,52l-.07.6a2.42,2.42,0,0,0-1.72-.47l-.14-.13h-145a19.6,19.6,0,0,0-19.36,19.84V405.8a19.6,19.6,0,0,0,19.36,19.84H368.47a19.6,19.6,0,0,0,19.36-19.84l-.12-56.88A1.65,1.65,0,0,0,384.91,347.75ZM283.66,146.46v-48l58.63,52.64h-54A4.61,4.61,0,0,1,283.66,146.46Z"> </path> </g> </svg> </span> Submit a Case </a> <a href="https://access.jamsadr.com/" class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_log_access"> <span class="nav-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 500 500" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M202.2,180.86a3,3,0,0,0-4.33,0l-14.72,15.46a3.35,3.35,0,0,0,0,4.55l21.55,22.64a.3.3,0,0,1-.2.51l-98.73,1.53a3.14,3.14,0,0,0-3.06,3.21v21.87a3.14,3.14,0,0,0,3.06,3.21l101.62-1.52a.3.3,0,0,1,.21.51l-24.45,25.69a3.33,3.33,0,0,0,0,4.54l14.72,15.46a3,3,0,0,0,4.33,0L257.9,240l-.31-.32.31-.31Z"> </path> <path d="M378.59,51.72H143.52a19.65,19.65,0,0,0-19.4,19.88L124,206.47h32l.48-123.56H365.65V394.77H156.46L156,271.47l-31.86.43V406.09A19.64,19.64,0,0,0,143.52,426H378.59A19.64,19.64,0,0,0,398,406.09V71.6A19.64,19.64,0,0,0,378.59,51.72Z"> </path> </svg> </span> Log Into JAMS Access </a> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="header-container"> <div class="container">  <div class="logo-container" id="container-logo"> <a href="/" title="JAMS Home"> <img class="logo" src="/_assets/core/images/jams-logo.svg" alt="JAMS Logo" width="198" height="60"/> <img class="logo-icon" src="/_assets/core/images/jams-logo-icon.svg" alt="JAMS Logo" width="76" height="48"/> </a> </div>  <div class="nav-toggle"> <button type="button" class="btn" id="btn-nav-toggle" aria-labelledby="toggle-label"><span class="btn-bar"></span><span class="sr-only" id="toggle-label">MENU</span></button> </div>  <nav id="nav-primary" class="nav-primary-container" aria-label="Primary Navigation"> <ul class="nav" label="Primary Menu"> <li class="nav-item" > <a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_neutrals_link" href="/neutrals/search" target="_self" aria-label="Neutrals">Neutrals</a> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd" > <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="jams_nav_rules_and_clauses_link" href="/adr-rules-procedures/" target="_self" aria-label="Rules & Clauses">Rules & Clauses</a> <span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <div id="rules_and_clauses_dropdown" class="dropdown-menu nav-dd" aria-label="Rules & Clauses"><div class="container"><div class="mega-menu"><div class="menu-intro "> <h3 class="heading heading-underline">JAMS Clause Workbook</h3> <div class="intro-media"><img src="" alt="" class="decoration"></div> <div class="description">In every business relationship there is the potential for conflict over contractual agreements or business operations. When such conflicts arise, there is no need to incur the onerous expense and delays involved in traditional litigation. There are readily available alternative dispute resolution procedures that will enable you to resolve your disputes relatively quickly, fairly and cost-effectively.</div> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-outline" href="/clauses/">Learn More</a> </div> <div class="menu-content"><ul role="menu" class="nav nav-mega"> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/adr-rules-procedures/" target="_self" aria-label="Rules & Procedures Overview">Rules & Procedures Overview</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="javascript:void(0)" target="_self" aria-label="Arbitration Rules & Procedures">Arbitration Rules & Procedures</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Arbitration Rules & Procedures" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-comprehensive-arbitration/" target="_self" aria-label="Comprehensive Rules">Comprehensive Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-streamlined-arbitration/" target="_self" aria-label="Streamlined Rules">Streamlined Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/arbitration-discovery-protocols/" target="_self" aria-label="Discovery Protocols">Discovery Protocols</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/appeal/" target="_self" aria-label="Appeal Procedures">Appeal Procedures</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-class-action-procedures/" target="_self" aria-label="Class Action Procedures">Class Action Procedures</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/consumer-minimum-standards/" target="_self" aria-label="Consumer Minimum Standards">Consumer Minimum Standards</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/mass-arbitration-procedures" target="_self" aria-label="Mass Arbitration Procedures">Mass Arbitration Procedures</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/artificial-intelligence-disputes-clause-and-rules" target="_self" aria-label="Artificial Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Artificial Intelligence" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/artificial-intelligence-disputes-clause-and-rules" target="_self" aria-label="AI Disputes Clause and Rules">AI Disputes Clause and Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/artificial-intelligence-protective-order" target="_self" aria-label="AI Disputes Protective Order">AI Disputes Protective Order</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/rules-international" target="_self" aria-label="International Rules">International Rules</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="International Rules" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/international-mediation-rules/" target="_self" aria-label="International Mediation Rules">International Mediation Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/international-arbitration-rules/" target="_self" aria-label="International Arbitration Rules">International Arbitration Rules</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/rules-construction/" target="_self" aria-label="Construction Arbitration">Construction Arbitration</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Construction Arbitration" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-construction-arbitration/" target="_self" aria-label="Construction Arbitration Rules">Construction Arbitration Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/gec-expedited-arbitration-rules/" target="_self" aria-label="Expedited Construction Arbitration Rules">Expedited Construction Arbitration Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/surety-rules/" target="_self" aria-label="Surety Adjudication Rules">Surety Adjudication Rules</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/rules-employment" target="_self" aria-label="Employment Arbitration Rules">Employment Arbitration Rules</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Employment Arbitration Rules" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-employment-arbitration/" target="_self" aria-label="Employment Arbitration Rules">Employment Arbitration Rules</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/employment-minimum-standards/" target="_self" aria-label="Employment Minimum Standards">Employment Minimum Standards</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/rules-download/" target="_self" aria-label="Download Rules / Forms">Download Rules / Forms</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Download Rules / Forms" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-download/" target="_self" aria-label="Download Rules / Forms">Download Rules / Forms</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/rules-archive/" target="_self" aria-label="Rules Archive">Rules Archive</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/clauses/" target="_self" aria-label="ADR Sample Clauses">ADR Sample Clauses</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="ADR Sample Clauses" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/clauses/" target="_self" aria-label="Clause Workbook (U.S. Domestic)">Clause Workbook (U.S. Domestic)</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/international-clause-workbook/" target="_self" aria-label="Clause Workbook (International)">Clause Workbook (International)</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/artificial-intelligence-clauses" target="_self" aria-label="Artificial Intelligence Disputes Clause">Artificial Intelligence Disputes Clause</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/construction-clauses/" target="_self" aria-label="Construction Clauses">Construction Clauses</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/employment-clauses/" target="_self" aria-label="Employment Clauses">Employment Clauses</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </div></div></div> </li> <li class="nav-item" > <a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_locations_link" href="/locations/" target="_self" aria-label="Locations">Locations</a> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd" > <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="jams_nav_adr_services_link" href="/adr/" target="_self" aria-label="ADR Services">ADR Services</a> <span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <div id="adr_services_dropdown" class="dropdown-menu nav-dd" aria-label="ADR Services"><div class="container"><div class="mega-menu"><div class="menu-intro "> <h3 class="heading heading-underline">Virtual Mediation & Arbitration</h3> <div class="intro-media"><img src="" alt="" class="decoration"></div> <div class="description">JAMS mediators and arbitrators are available to resolve disputes remotely. We offer a number of videoconference options for mediations and arbitrations based on case size and complexity.</div> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-outline" href="/online">Learn More</a> </div> <div class="menu-content"><ul role="menu" class="nav nav-mega"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/adr/" target="_self" aria-label="Alternative Dispute Resolution">Alternative Dispute Resolution</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Alternative Dispute Resolution" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/adr/" target="_self" aria-label="What do we do?">What do we do?</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/cle" target="_self" aria-label="Educational Programs & CLEs">Educational Programs & CLEs</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/adr-strategies" target="_self" aria-label="In-House Counsel ADR Strategies">In-House Counsel ADR Strategies</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/adr-forms/" target="_self" aria-label="Forms & Resources">Forms & Resources</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/adr-faqs/" target="_self" aria-label="FAQs">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/mediation" target="_self" aria-label="Mediation">Mediation</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Mediation" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/mediation" target="_self" aria-label="Mediation Services">Mediation Services</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/mediation-defined/" target="_self" aria-label="What is Commercial Mediation?">What is Commercial Mediation?</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/mediation-guide/" target="_self" aria-label="What Happens in Mediation?">What Happens in Mediation?</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/mediators-ethics/" target="_self" aria-label="Mediators Ethics Guidelines">Mediators Ethics Guidelines</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/arbitration" target="_self" aria-label="Arbitration">Arbitration</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Arbitration" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/arbitration" target="_self" aria-label="Arbitration (North America)">Arbitration (North America)</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/global/" target="_self" aria-label="Arbitration (International)">Arbitration (International)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/neutral-analysis" target="_self" aria-label="Neutral Analysis">Neutral Analysis</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Neutral Analysis" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/appellate" target="_self" aria-label="Appellate Services">Appellate Services</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/online" target="_self" aria-label="Virtual Mediation & Arbitration">Virtual Mediation & Arbitration</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Virtual Mediation & Arbitration" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/faq-virtual-adr" target="_self" aria-label="Virtual ADR & Security FAQ">Virtual ADR & Security FAQ</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/cacourtreference" target="_self" aria-label="California Court Reference Services">California Court Reference Services</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS Pathways™">JAMS Pathways™</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="JAMS Pathways™" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/services/conflict-resolution" target="_self" aria-label="Conflict Prevention & Resolution Program">Conflict Prevention & Resolution Program</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/services/trainingkeynotes" target="_self" aria-label="Workplace Performance Training & Keynotes">Workplace Performance Training & Keynotes</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </div></div></div> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd" > <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="jams_nav_practice_areas_link" href="/practices/" target="_self" aria-label="Practice Areas">Practice Areas</a> <span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <div id="practice_areas_dropdown" class="dropdown-menu nav-dd" aria-label="Practice Areas"><div class="container"><div class="mega-menu"><div class="menu-intro "> <h3 class="heading heading-underline">JAMS Solutions</h3> <div class="intro-media"><img src="" alt="" class="decoration"></div> <div class="description">Traditional mediation and arbitration are not the only tools available through JAMS. In some situations other approaches are more appropriate, effective and/or economical. These options, customized for specific organizations, industries and events, can prevent conflicts before they arise or provide more flexible, scalable and creative resolution paths when conflicts do emerge.</div> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-outline" href="/solutions">Why JAMS Solutions?</a> </div> <div class="menu-content"><ul role="menu" class="nav nav-mega"> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/practices/" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS Practice Areas">JAMS Practice Areas</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/appellate" target="_self" aria-label="Appellate">Appellate</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/bankruptcy" target="_self" aria-label="Bankruptcy">Bankruptcy</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/classaction" target="_self" aria-label="Class Action & Mass Tort">Class Action & Mass Tort</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/construction" target="_self" aria-label="Construction">Construction</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/cybersecurity" target="_self" aria-label="Cybersecurity & Privacy">Cybersecurity & Privacy</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/disaster-relief" target="_self" aria-label="Disaster Relief">Disaster Relief</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/employment" target="_self" aria-label="Employment">Employment</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/energy" target="_self" aria-label="Energy">Energy</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/entertainment" target="_self" aria-label="Entertainment & Sports">Entertainment & Sports</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/estate-and-probate" target="_self" aria-label="Estate/Probate/Trust">Estate/Probate/Trust</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/family" target="_self" aria-label="Family Law">Family Law</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/federal" target="_self" aria-label="Federal">Federal</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/financial-markets" target="_self" aria-label="Financial Markets">Financial Markets</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/healthcare" target="_self" aria-label="Health Care">Health Care</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/highereducation" target="_self" aria-label="Higher Education & Title IX">Higher Education & Title IX</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/insurance" target="_self" aria-label="Insurance">Insurance</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/intellectual-property" target="_self" aria-label="Intellectual Property">Intellectual Property</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/global/" target="_self" aria-label="International & Cross-Border">International & Cross-Border</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/lifesciences" target="_self" aria-label="Life Sciences">Life Sciences</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/personal-injury" target="_self" aria-label="Personal Injury & Tort">Personal Injury & Tort</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/realestate" target="_self" aria-label="Real Estate & Real Property">Real Estate & Real Property</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/smartcontracts" target="_self" aria-label="Smart Contracts & Blockchain">Smart Contracts & Blockchain</a> </li> </ul></div> </div></div></div> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd" > <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="jams_nav_news_and_insights_link" href="/blog/" target="_self" aria-label="News & Insights">News & Insights</a> <span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <div id="news_and_insights_dropdown" class="dropdown-menu nav-dd" aria-label="News & Insights"><div class="container"><div class="mega-menu"><div class="menu-intro "> <h3 class="heading heading-underline">JAMS ADR Insights</h3> <div class="intro-media"><img src="" alt="" class="decoration"></div> <div class="description">Our articles and thought leadership serve to engage our clients, the legal community and the public in a discussion about alternative dispute resolution. As leaders in mediation, arbitration and more, we strive to remain at the forefront of legal developments, trends and news in areas of law that pertain to ADR.</div> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-outline" href="/blog/">Explore Insights</a> </div> <div class="menu-content"><ul role="menu" class="nav nav-mega"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/blog/" target="_self" aria-label="Articles & Insights">Articles & Insights</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="Articles & Insights" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/blog/" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS ADR Insights">JAMS ADR Insights</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="https://www.jamsadr.com/blog/category/international" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS International Insights">JAMS International Insights</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="/blog/category/podcasts" target="_self" aria-label="Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/news/" target="_self" aria-label="News & Press Releases">News & Press Releases</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="/events/" target="_self" aria-label="Events & Webinars">Events & Webinars</a> </li> </ul></div> </div></div></div> </li> <li class="nav-item has-dd" > <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="jams_nav_JAMS Pathways_link" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS Pathways®">JAMS Pathways®</a> <span class="mobile-dd-toggle"></span> <div id="JAMS Pathways_dropdown" class="dropdown-menu nav-dd" aria-label="JAMS Pathways®"><div class="container"><div class="mega-menu"><div class="menu-intro "> <h3 class="heading heading-underline">JAMS Pathways® - Turn the Corner on Conflict</h3> <div class="intro-media"><img src="" alt="" class="decoration"></div> <div class="description">JAMS Pathways was established to fill the need for skilled early conflict intervention. Our highly trained facilitators create a safe space and guardrails for your team to have challenging conversations and design their own workable solutions to advance organizational goals.</div> </div> <div class="menu-content"><ul role="menu" class="nav nav-mega"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/services/" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS Pathways® Services">JAMS Pathways® Services</a> <ul role="menu" aria-label="JAMS Pathways® Services" class="nav nav-sub"> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/services/conflict-resolution" target="_self" aria-label="Conflict Prevention & Resolution Program">Conflict Prevention & Resolution Program</a></li> <li role="none" class="nav-item"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/services/trainingkeynotes" target="_self" aria-label="Workplace Performance Training & Keynotes">Workplace Performance Training & Keynotes</a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/team/" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS Pathways® Team">JAMS Pathways® Team</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/successstories" target="_self" aria-label="JAMS Pathways® Success Stories">JAMS Pathways® Success Stories</a> </li> <li role="none" class="nav-item nav-item-single"><a role="menuitem" class="nav-link" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" href="https://www.jamspathways.com/news-insights/" target="_self" aria-label="News & Insights">News & Insights</a> </li> </ul></div> </div></div></div> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="search" id="container-search"> <form class="search-form search-form-mobile" id="form-search" action="/search" autocomplete="on"> <div class="form-group"> <input class="input search-input" type="search" name="q" id="input-search" list="input-search-popular-terms" placeholder="Search our website"/> <datalist id="input-search-popular-terms"> </datalist> <button type="submit" value="" class="btn search-submit" id="btn-search_submit" aria-label="Search Site"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" width="20" height="20"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 21l-6-6m2-5a7 7 0 11-14 0 7 7 0 0114 0z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </form> <details class="dropdown search-dropdown"> <summary class="trigger"> <div variant="button" class="browse-topics"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 21l-6-6m2-5a7 7 0 11-14 0 7 7 0 0114 0z"> </path> </svg> </div> </summary> <div class="body"> <form class="search-form" id="form-search" action="/search"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="search" id="input-search" list="input-search-popular-terms" name="q" class="input search-input" placeholder="Search Site"> <button type="submit" class="btn search-submit" id="btn-search-submit" aria-label="Search Site"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 21l-6-6m2-5a7 7 0 11-14 0 7 7 0 0114 0z"> </path> </svg> </button> <datalist id="input-search-popular-terms"> </datalist> </div> </form> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main class="main main-home general-content" id="main-content">  <section class="section section-breadcrumbs"> <div class="container"> <nav aria-label="JAMS Breadcrumb" class="breadcrumb mobile-slider"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/" class="nav-link"> <span class="icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10.707 2.293a1 1 0 00-1.414 0l-7 7a1 1 0 001.414 1.414L4 10.414V17a1 1 0 001 1h2a1 1 0 001-1v-2a1 1 0 011-1h2a1 1 0 011 1v2a1 1 0 001 1h2a1 1 0 001-1v-6.586l.293.293a1 1 0 001.414-1.414l-7-7z"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="sr-only">About Us</span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <span aria-current="page" class="nav-current">About Us</span> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="page-tools"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-ghost btn-small icon-print" id="btn-print-page" title="Print Page"> <span class="sr-only">Print Page</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" width="24" height="24"> <title>Print Page</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M448 192V77.25c0-8.49-3.37-16.62-9.37-22.63L393.37 9.37c-6-6-14.14-9.37-22.63-9.37H96C78.33 0 64 14.33 64 32v160c-35.35 0-64 28.65-64 64v112c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h48v96c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h320c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-96h48c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16V256c0-35.35-28.65-64-64-64zm-64 256H128v-96h256v96zm0-224H128V64h192v48c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h48v96zm48 72c-13.25 0-24-10.75-24-24 0-13.26 10.75-24 24-24s24 10.74 24 24c0 13.25-10.75 24-24 24z"></path> </svg> </button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-link btn-small icon-pdf" id="btn-pdf-download" title="Download page as PDF"> <span class="sr-only">Download page as PDF</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 93.77 134.3" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor"> <title>Download page as PDF</title> <path d="M64.22,134.28v-31H86V109h-15v7.18h13v5.31h-13V134.3Zm-32.22,0v-31H45.39a16.22,16.22,0,0,1,5.6,1,12.3,12.3,0,0,1,4.47,2.87,13.43,13.43,0,0,1,3,4.77,19.5,19.5,0,0,1,1.06,6.77,21.28,21.28,0,0,1-.87,6.24,14,14,0,0,1-2.63,5,12.28,12.28,0,0,1-4.4,3.28,14.92,14.92,0,0,1-6.19,1.2Zm6.83-5.74h6.08a9.12,9.12,0,0,0,2.88-.49,6.3,6.3,0,0,0,2.47-1.59,7.76,7.76,0,0,0,1.74-2.9,12.84,12.84,0,0,0,.66-4.35,18.86,18.86,0,0,0-.48-4.23,8.35,8.35,0,0,0-1.5-3.24,6.88,6.88,0,0,0-2.76-2.07,11.13,11.13,0,0,0-4.24-.71H38.81ZM3,134.28v-31H17a13.21,13.21,0,0,1,5,.85,9.29,9.29,0,0,1,3.32,2.24,8.43,8.43,0,0,1,1.87,3.17,11.59,11.59,0,0,1,0,7.36,8.47,8.47,0,0,1-1.87,3.2A9.36,9.36,0,0,1,22,122.3a13,13,0,0,1-5,.84H9.86v11.14Zm6.84-16.42h5.31a14.35,14.35,0,0,0,2.26-.18,5.29,5.29,0,0,0,1.93-.67,3.58,3.58,0,0,0,1.32-1.41,5.86,5.86,0,0,0,0-4.78,3.68,3.68,0,0,0-1.32-1.42,5.27,5.27,0,0,0-1.93-.66,12.3,12.3,0,0,0-2.26-.18H9.84Zm-7.42-23A4.41,4.41,0,0,1,0,94.16V65.61a4.57,4.57,0,0,1,2.42-.69H29.87l9.18,9.18a9.59,9.59,0,0,0,13.57,0h0l9.18-9.18H89.28a4.48,4.48,0,0,1,4.49,4.47v21a4.48,4.48,0,0,1-4.47,4.49H2.42Zm72.62-9a3.75,3.75,0,1,0,3.74-3.74h0A3.75,3.75,0,0,0,75,85.84Zm-12,0a3.74,3.74,0,1,0,3.74-3.74h0a3.75,3.75,0,0,0-3.75,3.7Zm-19.77-16L14.8,41.33A3.73,3.73,0,0,1,17.44,35H33.87V3.5A4.46,4.46,0,0,1,35.53,0H56.15a4.49,4.49,0,0,1,1.68,3.5V35H74.25a3.73,3.73,0,0,1,2.64,6.38L48.41,69.83a3.6,3.6,0,0,1-5.09,0v0Z"></path> </svg> </button> </div> </div> </section>  <section class="section section-hero-slider" id="section-hero-slider"> <div class="hero-slider-wrapper auto compact" data-duration="5"> <div class="hero-slider-slides"> <div class="hero-slider-slide light-bg"> <div class="hero-slider-slide-media"> <picture> <source media="(max-width: 480px)" srcset="/images/slider/about-slider.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 1025px)" srcset="/images/slider/about-slider.jpg"> <img src="/images/slider/about-slider.jpg" alt="About Us" loading="lazy"/> </picture> </div> <div class="hero-slider-slide-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="slide-body"> <header class="slide-header"> <h2 class="heading-large hero-title"> About Us </h2> <p class="slide-summary">JAMS Mediation, Arbitration and ADR Services</p> </header> <div class="slide-buttons"> <a href="/contact" class="btn btn-primary">Contact Us</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slider-nav"> <div class="container"> <div class="slider-nav-item" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="slider-nav-btn"> <div class="slider-nav-btn-progress"></div> <div class="slider-nav-btn-title">About Us</div> </button> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-title" style="display: none"> <p> Next: <span id="slider-next-title"></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="general-content-detail"> <section class="section section-landing-panels"> <div class="container section-container"> <div class="tabs"> <div role="tablist" aria-label="JAMS Landing Tabs" class="tablist mobile-slider"> </div> <div class="tabs-slider-controls"> <button type="button" class="btn slider-control slider-prev" aria-label="Previous Tabs" disabled=""> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="3" d="M15 19l-7-7 7-7"></path> </svg> </button> <button type="button" class="btn slider-control slider-next" aria-label="Next Tabs" disabled=""> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="3" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"></path> </svg> </button> </div> </div>  <div id="overview-panel" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="overview-tab" class="tab-panel overview-panel"> <div class="container section-container">   <section class="section section-landing-panels"> <div class="overview-panel"> <div class="container section-container"> <section class="panel-section"> <h1 class=" heading-large heading-underline panel-section-title">Local Solutions. Global Reach. <sup style="font-size: 14px;">TM</sup></h1> <div class="panel-section-content"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="panel-body">  <h3>JAMS doesn't just resolve disputes—we solve problems.</h3> <p>JAMS successfully resolves business and legal disputes by providing efficient, cost-effective and impartial ways of overcoming barriers at any stage of conflict. JAMS offers customized, in-person, virtual and hybrid dispute resolution services through a combination of first class client service, the latest technology, top-notch facilities and highly trained mediators and arbitrators.</p> <p><strong><a title="The JAMS Story: Celebrating 40 Years of Innovating and Re-Imagining ADR" href="https://www.jamsadr.com/history">Founded in 1979, JAMS is the world’s largest private alternative dispute resolution (ADR) provider.</a></strong> Our panel includes more than 450 retired state and federal court judges, attorneys and other ADR professionals with proven track records and extensive practice area and industry expertise. JAMS neutrals and clients are supported by more than 300 associates, including ADR systems design experts and case managers with decades of experience.</p> <p><strong>JAMS handles over 19,000 cases annually</strong>, ranging from two-party personal injury mediations to complex, multi-party, multimillion-dollar arbitrations in the United States and other jurisdictions worldwide. </p> <hr/> <p> </p> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src=" https://www.youtube.com/embed/vG4ukdrpecE?si" title="0;" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div> <p> </p> <hr/></div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="panel-section">  <div class="panel-section-content panel-cols"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="card-article"> <div class="panel-media"> <img src="/images/home/jams-home-adr-services-arbitration-thumbnail.jpg" alt="arb-thumbnail"/> </div> <div class="panel-content"> <h4 class="heading-medium heading-underline panel-section-title"> Arbitration Services </h4> <p> JAMS offers efficiency, speed and results. In order to save clients time and money, JAMS has instituted procedural options that allow the crafting of a process that is commensurate with the dispute. </p> <a href="/arbitration" class="btn btn-outline">Learn More</a> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="card-article"> <div class="panel-media"> <img src="/images/home/jams-home-adr-services-mediation-thumbnail.jpg" alt="med-thumbnail"/> </div> <div class="panel-content"> <h4 class="heading-medium heading-underline panel-section-title"> Mediation Services </h4> <p> Rigorous preparation. Creative solutions. Persistent follow-up. We work diligently every step of the way-from pre-mediation calls to post-mediation follow-up to help all parties arrive at the best possible outcome to their dispute. </p> <a href="/mediation" class="btn btn-outline">Learn More</a> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="panel-section no-border">  <div class="panel-section-content panel-cols"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="card-article"> <div class="panel-media"> <img src="/images/heroimages/practice-area-arbitration-international-thumbnail.jpg" alt="practice-arb-thumbnail"/> </div> <div class="panel-content"> <h4 class="heading-medium heading-underline panel-section-title"> International & Cross-Border Services </h4> <p> With our ever-growing roster of expert international panelists familiar with the local legal community, culture and environment, JAMS provides confidential and clear dispute resolution at any stage of conflict, anywhere in the world. </p> <a href="/global/" class="btn btn-outline">Learn More</a> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="card-article"> <div class="panel-media"> <img src="/images/heroimages/practice-area-highereducation-thumbnail.jpg" alt="higher-education-thumbnail"/> </div> <div class="panel-content"> <h4 class="heading-medium heading-underline panel-section-title"> JAMS Solutions for Higher Education </h4> <p> Colleges and universities need to manage, resolve and prevent conflict. As a worldwide leader in dispute resolution,we are qualified to provide a comprehensive range of unique and effective solutions for problems facing students, faculty and administration. </p> <a href="/highereducation" class="btn btn-outline">Learn More</a> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="panel-section no-border">  <div class="panel-section-content panel-cols"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="card-article"> <div class="panel-media"> <img src="/images/home/jams-home-adr-services-neutral-analysis-thumbnail.jpg" alt="neutral-analysis-thumbnail"/> </div> <div class="panel-content"> <h4 class="heading-medium heading-underline panel-section-title"> Neutral Analysis Services </h4> <p> Unbiased, confidential case evaluation from the best legal minds in the business. We provide attorneys with advisory opinions allowing you to fine-tune arguments, reassess settlement options, manage client expectations—and ultimately proceed with a winning strategy. </p> <a href="/neutral-analysis" class="btn btn-outline">Learn More</a> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="card-article"> <div class="panel-media"> <img src="/images/heroimages/inhousecounsel-thumbnail.jpg" alt="inhouse-thumbnail"/> </div> <div class="panel-content"> <h4 class="heading-medium heading-underline panel-section-title"> Resources for In-House Counsel </h4> <p> Maximize the benefits and minimize the costs of dispute resolution. Avoiding protracted litigation helps businesses preserve critical relationships, keep important projects on track and minimize legal and internal costs. </p> <a href="https://www.jamsadr.com/adr-strategies" class="btn btn-outline">Learn More</a> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="panel-section">  <div class="panel-section-content panel-cols"> <div class="panel-body">  <div class="panel-card resources-card"> <h3 class="heading-small resources-card-title">About Us</h3> <div class="card-body"> <p> <span class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"></path></svg></span> <a href="/diversity/" class="link" target="_self">Diversity & Inclusion</a> </p> <p> <span class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"></path></svg></span> <a href="https://www.jamsadr.com/jams-senior-management/" class="link" target="_self">Senior Management Team</a> </p> <p> <span class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"></path></svg></span> <a href="https://www.jamsadr.com/knight/" class="link" target="_self">Founder</a> </p> <p> <span class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"></path></svg></span> <a href="https://www.jamsadr.com/careers/" class="link" target="_self">Careers at JAMS</a> </p> <p> <span class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512" fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16"><path d="M181.9 256.1c-5-16-4.9-46.9-2-46.9 8.4 0 7.6 36.9 2 46.9zm-1.7 47.2c-7.7 20.2-17.3 43.3-28.4 62.7 18.3-7 39-17.2 62.9-21.9-12.7-9.6-24.9-23.4-34.5-40.8zM86.1 428.1c0 .8 13.2-5.4 34.9-40.2-6.7 6.3-29.1 24.5-34.9 40.2zM248 160h136v328c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24H24c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V24C0 10.7 10.7 0 24 0h200v136c0 13.2 10.8 24 24 24zm-8 171.8c-20-12.2-33.3-29-42.7-53.8 4.5-18.5 11.6-46.6 6.2-64.2-4.7-29.4-42.4-26.5-47.8-6.8-5 18.3-.4 44.1 8.1 77-11.6 27.6-28.7 64.6-40.8 85.8-.1 0-.1.1-.2.1-27.1 13.9-73.6 44.5-54.5 68 5.6 6.9 16 10 21.5 10 17.9 0 35.7-18 61.1-61.8 25.8-8.5 54.1-19.1 79-23.2 21.7 11.8 47.1 19.5 64 19.5 29.2 0 31.2-32 19.7-43.4-13.9-13.6-54.3-9.7-73.6-7.2zM377 105L279 7c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7h-6v128h128v-6.1c0-6.3-2.5-12.4-7-16.9zm-74.1 255.3c4.1-2.7-2.5-11.9-42.8-9 37.1 15.8 42.8 9 42.8 9z"></path></svg></span> <a href="/_assets/core/files/jams-general-brochure.pdf" class="link" target="_self">Company Resources</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body">  <div class="panel-card resources-card"> <h3 class="heading-small resources-card-title">Forms & Resources</h3> <div class="card-body"> <p> <span class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"></path></svg></span> <a href="https://www.jamsadr.com/adr-forms/" class="link" target="_self">Forms, Stipulations and Agreements</a> </p> <p> <span class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"></path></svg></span> <a href="https://www.jamsadr.com/adr-rules-procedures/" class="link" target="_self">Rules, Clauses and Procedures</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  </div></div></section> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="pdf_hidden" style="display:none"> <span class="pdf_footer_1"></span> <span class="pdf_footer_2"></span> <span class="pdf_filename"></span> </div>  <section class="section section-footer-contact"> <div class="container"> <div class="content"> <h3 class="heading heading-small"> Search our global directory of mediators, arbitrators and ADR professionals. </h3> </div> <a href="/neutrals/search" target="_self" class="btn btn-secondary">Find a Neutral</a> </div> </section> </main> <j-notification-container></j-notification-container> <footer class="footer" role="contentinfo"> <section class="section section-newsletter" id="section-newsletter"> <div class="container section-container"> <h4 class="heading-large" class="section-title">Sign up for email updates</h4> <p> Stay updated on the latest in mediation, arbitration and dispute resolution. </p> <form action="/subscribe" method="get" class="newsletter-form"> <div class="form-row"> <input type="email" required name="email" id="input-newsletter-email" placeholder="EMAIL" class="input" autocomplete="email" /> </div> <div class="form-row"> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="SUBMIT" id="btn-newsletter-submit"> </div> </form> </div> </section> <section class="section social" id="section-corporate"> <div class="container"> <nav class="nav-corporate" id="nav-corporate"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_contact_link" href="/contact" target="_self" aria-label="Contact">Contact</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_submit_link" href="/submit/" target="_self" aria-label="Submit">Submit</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_news_link" href="/news/" target="_self" aria-label="News">News</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_events_link" href="/events/" target="_self" aria-label="Events">Events</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_careers_link" href="/careers/" target="_self" aria-label="Careers">Careers</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="nav-social" id="nav-social"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/jams" class="nav-link" title="LinkedIn"> <span class="social-icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 448 512" width="16" height="16" aria-labelledby="icon-linkedin-title" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title id="icon-linkedin-title">LinkedIn</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/JAMSADR" class="nav-link" title="Twitter"> <span class="social-icon"> <svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="svg5" x="0px" y="0px" xml:space="preserve" viewBox="333.89 142.25 1000.78 936.69" width="18" height="18"> <g id="layer1" transform="translate(52.390088,-25.058597)" fill="currentColor"> <path id="path1009" fill="currentColor" d="M283.94,167.31l386.39,516.64L281.5,1104h87.51l340.42-367.76L984.48,1104h297.8L874.15,558.3l361.92-390.99 h-87.51l-313.51,338.7l-253.31-338.7H283.94z M412.63,231.77h136.81l604.13,807.76h-136.81L412.63,231.77z"></path> </g> </svg> </span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/JAMSADRExpert" class="nav-link" title="YouTube"> <span class="social-icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 576 512" width="16" height="16" aria-labelledby="icon-youtube-title" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title id="icon-youtube-title">YouTube</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/JAMSAlternativeDisputeResolution" class="nav-link" title="Facebook"> <span class="social-icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 320 512" width="16" height="16" aria-labelledby="icon-facebook-title" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title id="icon-facebook-title">Facebook</title> <path fill="currentColor" d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z"></path> </svg> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </section> <section class="section disclaimer" id="section-disclaimer"> <div class="container dir-col"> <div class="disclaimer-text"> <p><strong>Disclaimer</strong></p> <p>This website is not a solicitation for business. All content on the JAMS website is intended to provide general information about JAMS and an opportunity for interested persons to contact JAMS. The content of this website is not offered as legal advice or legal opinion and it should not be relied upon for any specific situation.  JAMS neutrals are not engaged in the practice of law and no attorney client relationship is intended.  This website is for informational purposes only and does not constitute a complete description of JAMS services. While JAMS endeavors to keep the information updated and correct, JAMS makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, or reliability of the information contained in this website. <a title="See More of Disclaimer" href="/disclaimer ">SEE MORE</a></p> </div> <nav class="disclaimer-nav"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_disclaimer_link" href="/disclaimer" target="_self" aria-label="Disclaimer">Disclaimer</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_consumer_case_link" href="/consumercases/" target="_self" aria-label="Consumer Case Information">Consumer Case Information</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_neutrality_link" href="/neutrality" target="_self" aria-label="Neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="evidon-notice-link"> </a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </section> <section class="section copyright" id="section-copyright"> <div class="container"> <nav class="nav-legal"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_sitemap_link" href="/sitemap" target="_self">Sitemap</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_privacy_center_link" href="/privacycenter" target="_self">Privacy Center</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="jams_nav_terms_of_service_link" href="/terms-of-service/" target="_self">Terms of Service</a></li> </ul> </nav> <p>Copyright 2024 JAMS. All Rights Reserved</p> <p><a href="tel:+18003525267" class="link" target="_self">800.352.5267</a></p> </div> </section> </footer> <a id="scroll-to-top" href="#top" class="scroll-to-top" role="button" title="Scroll to top"> <span class="sr-only">Scroll to top</span> <span class="icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <title>Scroll to top</title> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M5 15l7-7 7 7"> </path> </svg> </span> </a> <template id="env-variables" data-env="live" data-g2-url="https://searchg2.crownpeak.net/jams-adr-live/select?" data-site-url="https://www.jamsadr.com/" data-location-settings-url="/locations/location-settings.json" data-continent-url="/_config/locations/country-by-continent.json" data-url-with-auth="https://www.jamsadr.com/" ></template>  <script src="https://unpkg.com/@popperjs/core@2"></script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/tippy.js@6"></script> <script src="/_assets/core/js/aos.js" ></script> <script src="/_assets/core/vendor/simpleparallax.js" ></script> <script src="/_assets/core/js/main.js" type="module"></script> <script src="/_assets/core/js/components.js" ></script>   <script src="/_assets/core/js/landing.js" type="module"></script>   </body> </html>