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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="كلب كنغال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلب كنغال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanqal" title="Kanqal – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kanqal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5)" title="Кангал (куче) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кангал (куче)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangal" title="Kangal – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kangal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangal-Hirtenhund" title="Kangal-Hirtenhund – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kangal-Hirtenhund" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangal" title="Kangal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kangal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="سگ کانگال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سگ کانگال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangal_(chien)" title="Kangal (chien) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kangal (chien)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%89%EA%B0%88" title="캉갈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캉갈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97" title="कंगाल शेफर्ड डॉग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कंगाल शेफर्ड डॉग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%91_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C" title="כלב רועים קנגל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כלב רועים קנגל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კანგალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კანგალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangal" title="Kangal – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kangal" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84" title="كانجال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كانجال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjing_gembala_Kangal" title="Anjing gembala Kangal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Anjing gembala Kangal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0" title="カンガール・ドッグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カンガール・ドッグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangal_(c%C3%A3o)" title="Kangal (cão) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kangal (cão)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeni_kangal" title="Qeni kangal – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qeni kangal" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%DA%AF%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سەگی ھەوشار – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەگی ھەوشار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangalinkoira" title="Kangalinkoira – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kangalinkoira" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangal" title="Kangal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kangal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangal_k%C3%B6pe%C4%9Fi" title="Kangal köpeği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kangal köpeği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кангал – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кангал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3_Kangal" title="Chó Kangal – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chó Kangal" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#d3d3a4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Kangal Shepherd Dog</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kangal_front_on.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Kangal_front_on.jpg/220px-Kangal_front_on.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Kangal_front_on.jpg/330px-Kangal_front_on.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Kangal_front_on.jpg/440px-Kangal_front_on.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1222" data-file-height="1059" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap">Other names</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Kangal Shepherd Dog</li><li>Kangal Çoban Köpeği</li><li>Karabash</li><li>Turkish Kangal Dog</li><li>Anatolian Shepherd Dog (disputed)<sup id="cite_ref-kc2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kc2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Turkey</td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Traits</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Males</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <div style="float:right;">70–80 cm (28–31 in)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Females</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <div style="float:right;">63–75 cm (25–30 in)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weight</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Males</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <div style="float:right;">48–60 kg (105–130 lb)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Females</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <div style="float:right;">40–50 kg (90–110 lb)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coat</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> thick, dense, usually short double coat, 3–7 cm (1–3 in) long</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> fawn to wolf sable, with <a href="/wiki/Melanistic_mask" title="Melanistic mask">black mask</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Kennel club standards</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">KIF (Cynology Federation Of Turkey)</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kif.org.tr/yerli-irklar/kangal.html">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/331g02-en.pdf">standard</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color: #d3d3a4;"><span class="vernacular">Dog</span> (<span class="trinominal"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic dog">domestic dog</a></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kangal Shepherd Dog</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <span lang="tr" style="font-style: normal;"><b>Kangal Çoban Köpeği</b></span>) is a traditional Turkish <a href="/wiki/List_of_dog_breeds" title="List of dog breeds">breed</a> of large <a href="/wiki/Livestock_guardian_dog" title="Livestock guardian dog">livestock guardian dog</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The breed name derives from that of the town and district of <a href="/wiki/Kangal" title="Kangal">Kangal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sivas_Province" title="Sivas Province">Sivas Province</a>, the easternmost province of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Anatolia Region">Central Anatolia Region</a> in central Turkey. The coat colour varies from pale fawn to wolf grey, always with a <a href="/wiki/Melanistic_mask" title="Melanistic mask">black mask</a>. </p><p>It is a traditional flock guardian dog, kept with flocks of sheep to fend off <a href="/wiki/Wolves" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolves">wolves</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator">predators</a>. Some have been exported to African countries such as <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, Kenya and Tanzania, where they successfully protect local flocks from <a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">cheetahs</a>, thus contributing to the <a href="/wiki/Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology">conservation</a> of endangered cheetah populations. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kangal_Shepherd_Dog&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kangal_dog_with_spikey_collar,_Turkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kangal_dog_with_spikey_collar%2C_Turkey.jpg/220px-Kangal_dog_with_spikey_collar%2C_Turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kangal_dog_with_spikey_collar%2C_Turkey.jpg/330px-Kangal_dog_with_spikey_collar%2C_Turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kangal_dog_with_spikey_collar%2C_Turkey.jpg/440px-Kangal_dog_with_spikey_collar%2C_Turkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption>Wearing a spiked <a href="/wiki/Wolf_collar" title="Wolf collar">wolf collar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Kangal is a traditional working breed of <a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Anatolia">Central Anatolia</a>. The name derives from that of the town and district of <a href="/wiki/Kangal" title="Kangal">Kangal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sivas_Province" title="Sivas Province">Sivas Province</a>, the easternmost province of the Central Anatolia Region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Kangal has been used by shepherds for protection against wolves and other predators for centuries. A DNA study found that the dogs of <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> are genetically closest to Kangal dogs, and the researchers propose that the breed may have been brought from Central Asia by the nomadic Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-KangalDAM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KangalDAM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kangal was definitively accepted by the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a> in 1989; the most recent breed standard was published in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-fci_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fci-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Kennel_Club" title="The Kennel Club">The Kennel Club</a> of the United Kingdom recognised the Turkish Kangal Dog with effect from April 2013, and a provisional <a href="/wiki/Breed_standard" title="Breed standard">breed standard</a> was published early in that year; owners of dogs registered as Anatolian Shepherd Dogs could apply for them to be re-registered under the new name.<sup id="cite_ref-Dog_World_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dog_World-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kennel_Club_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kennel_Club-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 300 of the dogs have been given to farmers in <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> since 1994 by the <a href="/wiki/Cheetah_Conservation_Fund" title="Cheetah Conservation Fund">Cheetah Conservation Fund</a> to help protect livestock from <a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">cheetah</a> attacks, and the programme has been extended to Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, the number of cheetahs killed by farmers is calculated to have fallen from 19 per farmer annually to 2.4. Livestock losses have been cut significantly at more than 80% of the farms where the dogs have been adopted. The great majority of cheetahs that are still killed by farmers are killed after specific attacks on livestock. Previously, the cats were tracked and killed whenever they neared a farm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anatolian_Shepherd">Anatolian Shepherd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kangal_Shepherd_Dog&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Anatolian Shepherd"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anatolian Shepherd Dog is the name used in the United States to describe dogs descended from regional Turkish livestock guardian dogs, particularly the Kangal but also the <a href="/wiki/Akbash" title="Akbash">Akbash</a>, from the late 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1967 a US Navy Lieutenant who was stationed in Turkey, Robert Ballard, acquired two working livestock guardians Zorba and Peki, from breeders in the <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> region, Zorba was a long-coated pinto-colored dog and Peki a short-coated buff-colored bitch.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilcox_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilcox-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1960s Ballard returned to the United States and took his dogs with him and in 1970 the pair bred their first litter, becoming the foundation stock of the breed in the United States. A breed club was quickly formed and further examples were imported from Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In developing the breed, the American enthusiasts acted without understanding of regional Turkish varieties of shepherd's dogs, with the result that the American dogs could be bred with various coat lengths, colors and color patterns whilst in Turkey the different breeds breed more true to a set coat type.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was further exacerbated by most of these dogs being sourced in the intermediate zone between the main breeding centers of the Akbash and the Kangal, where examples of both types can be found.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In subsequent years animosity developed between American breeders, who insisted their dogs were the true Turkish shepherd's dog, and Turkish breeders who believed, and stated, they were an amalgam of various Turkish breeds.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Insults and counter-insults were exchanged with American breeders accusing the Turks of marketing dogs of dubious ancestry as independent breeds and the Turks stating the Americans were breeding <a href="/wiki/Dog_crossbreed" title="Dog crossbreed">crossbred dogs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name Anatolian Shepherd Dog is unknown in Turkey and the breed is sometimes described as having the Turkish name of Çoban Köpeği which means 'shepherd's dog', or <a href="/wiki/Livestock_guardian_dog" title="Livestock guardian dog">livestock guardian dog</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yilmaz_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yilmaz-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1980s Americans have almost exclusively imported Kangals and the Anatolian has increasingly conformed to that breed type. Despite this, pups of mixed appearance are still whelped and Turkish authorities still refuse to recognise Anatolians as a purebred Turkish breed.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kangal_Shepherd_Dog&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dogs usually stand between 72 and 78 cm (28 and 31 in) at the <a href="/wiki/Withers" title="Withers">withers</a>, bitches between 65 and 73 cm (26 and 29 in), with a 2-centimetre (1 in) tolerance either way for both sexes.<sup id="cite_ref-fci2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fci2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kif_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kif-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kangal Shepherd Dog is not as heavy as some other mastiff breeds, allowing it greater speed and agility than larger dogs. The dogs can reach speeds of up to 56 km/h (35 mph).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The under-layer provides insulation against both severe Anatolian winters and the fierce summer sun, while the outer-layer repels water and snow. This combination of coat allows it to regulate its core temperature more efficiently, while the coat is dense enough to repel rupture from wolf bites.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kangal_Shepherd_Dog&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Kangal is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Flock_guardian_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Flock guardian dog">flock guardian dog</a>, kept with flocks of sheep to fend off <a href="/wiki/Wolves" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolves">wolves</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator">predators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pri_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pri-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have been exported to African countries such as <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, Kenya and Tanzania, where they successfully protect local flocks from <a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">cheetahs</a>, thus contributing to the <a href="/wiki/Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology">conservation</a> of endangered cheetah populations.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aa_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aa-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kangal_Shepherd_Dog&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left; font-size:smaller"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TurkishKangal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="With cropped ears"><img alt="With cropped ears" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/TurkishKangal.jpg/300px-TurkishKangal.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/TurkishKangal.jpg/451px-TurkishKangal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/00/TurkishKangal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">With cropped ears</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kangal_dog_puppy_eating_yoghurt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kangal puppy eating yogurt"><img alt="Kangal puppy eating yogurt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kangal_dog_puppy_eating_yoghurt.jpg/168px-Kangal_dog_puppy_eating_yoghurt.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kangal_dog_puppy_eating_yoghurt.jpg/252px-Kangal_dog_puppy_eating_yoghurt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kangal_dog_puppy_eating_yoghurt.jpg/336px-Kangal_dog_puppy_eating_yoghurt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="1184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kangal puppy eating yogurt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cobra-BlackMamba_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cobra-BlackMamba_2.jpg/300px-Cobra-BlackMamba_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cobra-BlackMamba_2.jpg/451px-Cobra-BlackMamba_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cobra-BlackMamba_2.jpg/600px-Cobra-BlackMamba_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kral_jrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Kral_jrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr.jpg/301px-Kral_jrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Kral_jrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr.jpg/453px-Kral_jrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Kral_jrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr.jpg/603px-Kral_jrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="717" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kangal_and_Lamb.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flock guardian"><img alt="Flock guardian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kangal_and_Lamb.jpg/237px-Kangal_and_Lamb.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kangal_and_Lamb.jpg/356px-Kangal_and_Lamb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kangal_and_Lamb.jpg/474px-Kangal_and_Lamb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="1178" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flock guardian</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kangal_Shepherd_Dog&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kangal_%C3%87oban_K%C3%B6pe%C4%9Fi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kangal Çoban Köpeği">Kangal Çoban Köpeği</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kc2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kc2_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/search/breeds-a-to-z/breeds/pastoral/turkish-kangal-dog/">Turkish Kangal Dog</a>. London: The Kennel Club. Accessed August 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOrhan.2007" class="citation book cs1">Orhan., Yilmaz (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/874356597"><i>The Turkish kangal (karabash) shepherd dog : the national dog of Turkey</i></a>. Impress Printing Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-92133-7-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-92133-7-4"><bdi>978-975-92133-7-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/874356597">874356597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turkish+kangal+%28karabash%29+shepherd+dog+%3A+the+national+dog+of+Turkey&rft.pub=Impress+Printing+Co&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F874356597&rft.isbn=978-975-92133-7-4&rft.aulast=Orhan.&rft.aufirst=Yilmaz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F874356597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKangal+Shepherd+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KangalDAM-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KangalDAM_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKobanSaraçAçanSovalainen2009" class="citation journal cs1">Koban, Evren; Saraç, Çiğdem Gökçek; Açan, Sinan Can; Sovalainen, Peter; Togan, Inci (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166218X08003703">"Genetic relationship between Kangal, Akbash and other dog populations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Discrete_Applied_Mathematics" title="Discrete Applied Mathematics">Discrete Applied Mathematics</a></i>. <b>157</b> (10): 2335–2340. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.dam.2008.06.040">10.1016/j.dam.2008.06.040</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11511%2F28384">11511/28384</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Discrete+Applied+Mathematics&rft.atitle=Genetic+relationship+between+Kangal%2C+Akbash+and+other+dog+populations&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2335-2340&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11511%2F28384&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.dam.2008.06.040&rft.aulast=Koban&rft.aufirst=Evren&rft.au=Sara%C3%A7%2C+%C3%87i%C4%9Fdem+G%C3%B6k%C3%A7ek&rft.au=A%C3%A7an%2C+Sinan+Can&rft.au=Sovalainen%2C+Peter&rft.au=Togan%2C+Inci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0166218X08003703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKangal+Shepherd+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fci-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fci_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/KANGAL-SHEPHERD-DOG-331.html">FCI breeds nomenclature: Kangal Çoban Köpegi (331)</a>. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed January 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dog_World-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dog_World_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231001909/http://www.dogworld.co.uk/product.php/80650">"KC to recognise the Turkish Kangal Dog"</a>. Dog World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dogworld.co.uk/product.php/80650">the original</a> on 31 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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North Pomfret, VT: Trafalgar Square Publishing. pp. 393–396. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57076-219-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-57076-219-8"><bdi>1-57076-219-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogs%3A+the+ultimate+dictionary+of+over+1%2C000+dog+breeds&rft.place=North+Pomfret%2C+VT&rft.pages=393-396&rft.pub=Trafalgar+Square+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-57076-219-8&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKangal+Shepherd+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilcox-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilcox_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilcoxWalkowicz1995" class="citation book cs1">Wilcox, Bonnie; Walkowicz, Chris (1995). <i>Atlas of dog breeds of the world</i>. Neptune City, N.J.: TFH Publications. pp. 123–124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+dog+breeds+of+the+world&rft.place=Neptune+City%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=123-124&rft.pub=TFH+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Wilcox&rft.aufirst=Bonnie&rft.au=Walkowicz%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKangal+Shepherd+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yilmaz-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yilmaz_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYilmaz2007" class="citation book cs1">Yilmaz, Orhan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263468806"><i>Turkish kangal (Karabash) shepherd dog</i></a>. Ankara: Impress Printing Comp. pp. 11–12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkish+kangal+%28Karabash%29+shepherd+dog&rft.place=Ankara&rft.pages=11-12&rft.pub=Impress+Printing+Comp&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Yilmaz&rft.aufirst=Orhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F263468806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKangal+Shepherd+Dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fci2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fci2_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/331g02-en.pdf">FCI-Standard N° 331: Kangal Çoban Köpeği (Kangal Shepherd Dog)</a>. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed September 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kif-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kif_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kif.org.tr/en/yerli-irklar/kangal.html">Kangal Çoban Köpeği</a> (in Turkish). Köpek Irkları ve Kinoloji Federasyonu = Turkish Kennel Club. Accessed September 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pri-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pri_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben Goldfarb (7 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508144525/http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-05-07/us-researchers-hope-more-assertive-foreign-dog-breeds-can-protect-livestock">US researchers hope more assertive, foreign dog breeds can protect livestock from wolves and bears</a>. Public Radio International. Archived 8 May 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[s.n.] (31 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090102175511/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7805813.stm">Guard dogs save Namibian cheetahs</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. Archived 2 January 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aa-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aa_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Waldo' (15 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605085330/http://allafrica.com/stories/201311160168.html">Namibia: Cheetah Fund Sends Kangal Dogs to Tanzania</a>. <i>Namibia Economist</i>. Archived 5 June 2016.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Turkey">Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akbash" title="Akbash">Akbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksaray_Malaklisi" title="Aksaray Malaklisi">Aksaray Malaklisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikkulak" title="Dikkulak">Dikkulak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kars_dog" title="Kars dog">Kars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize_Koyun" title="Rize Koyun">Rize Koyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_%C3%A7atalburun" title="Tarsus çatalburun">Tarsus çatalburun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonya_Finosu" title="Tonya Finosu">Tonya Finosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerdava" title="Zerdava">Zerdava</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/59px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="59" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/89px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/118px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Livestock_guardian_dogs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Livestock_guardians" title="Template:Livestock guardians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Livestock_guardians" title="Template talk:Livestock guardians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Livestock_guardians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Livestock guardians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Livestock_guardian_dogs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Livestock_guardian_dog" title="Livestock guardian dog">Livestock guardian dogs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuchi_dog" title="Kuchi dog">Afghan Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidi" title="Aidi">Aidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbash" title="Akbash">Akbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksaray_Malaklisi" title="Aksaray Malaklisi">Aksaray Malaklisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Gampr_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Gampr dog">Armenian Gampr dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzeller_Sennenhund" title="Appenzeller Sennenhund">Appenzeller Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakharwal_dog" title="Bakharwal dog">Bakharwal dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernese_Mountain_Dog" title="Bernese Mountain Dog">Bernese Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucovina_Shepherd_Dog" title="Bucovina Shepherd Dog">Bucovina Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat-Mongolian_Wolfhound" class="mw-redirect" title="Buryat-Mongolian Wolfhound">Buryat-Mongolian Wolfhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A3o_de_Castro_Laboreiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cão de Castro Laboreiro">Cão de Castro Laboreiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A3o_de_Gado_Transmontano" title="Cão de Gado Transmontano">Cão de Gado Transmontano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Shepherd_Dog" title="Carpathian Shepherd Dog">Carpathian Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Shepherd_Dog" title="Caucasian Shepherd Dog">Caucasian Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_Shepherd_Dog" title="Central Asian Shepherd Dog">Central Asian Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entlebucher_Mountain_Dog" title="Entlebucher Mountain Dog">Entlebucher Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrela_Mountain_Dog" title="Estrela Mountain Dog">Estrela Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddi_Kutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaddi Kutta">Gaddi Kutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Shepherd" title="Georgian Shepherd">Georgian Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Swiss_Mountain_Dog" title="Greater Swiss Mountain Dog">Greater Swiss Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Shepherd" title="Greek Shepherd">Greek Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Sheepdog" title="Himalayan Sheepdog">Himalayan Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovawart" title="Hovawart">Hovawart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Mastiff" title="Kurdish Mastiff">Kurdish Mastiff</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kangal Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakachan_dog" title="Karakachan dog">Karakachan dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kars_dog" title="Kars dog">Kars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst_Shepherd" title="Karst Shepherd">Karst Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komondor" title="Komondor">Komondor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyun_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Koyun dog">Koyun dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvasz" title="Kuvasz">Kuvasz</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Landseer_dog" title="Landseer dog">Landseer</a> <sup>†</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger">Leonberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maremmano-Abruzzese_Sheepdog" title="Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog">Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Watchdog" title="Moscow Watchdog">Moscow Watchdog</a> <sup>†</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucuchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucuchies">Mucuchies</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_dog" title="Newfoundland dog">Newfoundland</a> <sup>†</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorca_Shepherd_Dog" title="Majorca Shepherd Dog">Perro de Pastor Mallorquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perro_Majorero" title="Perro Majorero">Perro Majorero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pshdar_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Pshdar dog">Pshdar dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_Mastiff" title="Pyrenean Mastiff">Pyrenean Mastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_Mountain_Dog" title="Pyrenean Mountain Dog">Pyrenean Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafeiro_do_Alentejo" title="Rafeiro do Alentejo">Rafeiro do Alentejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Mioritic_Shepherd_Dog" title="Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog">Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Raven_Shepherd_Dog" title="Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog">Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St._Bernard_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Bernard (dog)">St Bernard</a> <sup>†</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarabi_dog" title="Sarabi dog">Sarabi dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_Shepherd_Dog" title="Sardinian Shepherd Dog">Sardinian Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0arplaninac" title="Šarplaninac">Šarplaninac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Cuvac" title="Slovak Cuvac">Slovensky Cuvac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Mastiff" title="Spanish Mastiff">Spanish Mastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Russian_Ovcharka" title="South Russian Ovcharka">South Russian Ovcharka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatra_Shepherd_Dog" title="Tatra Shepherd Dog">Tatra Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Kyi_Apso" title="Tibetan Kyi Apso">Tibetan Kyi Apso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Mastiff" title="Tibetan Mastiff">Tibetan Mastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornjak" title="Tornjak">Tornjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikhan" title="Vikhan">Vikhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller; background:#CEDFF2;"><div> <ul><li><b>†</b> = Descended from and closely related to livestock guardian dogs, but traditionally used in other roles</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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