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href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%86_%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="آدولف اویقن فیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آدولف اویقن فیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Адольф Фік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адольф Фік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Адолф Фик – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Адолф Фик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Eugen Fick – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Adolf Eugen Fick" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Fick" title="Adolf Fick – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Adolf Fick" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Fick" title="Adolf Fick – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adolf Fick" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%86_%CE%8C%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD_%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BA" title="Άντολφ Όιγκεν Φικ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άντολφ Όιγκεν Φικ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Fick" title="Adolf Fick – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adolf Fick" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86_%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="آدولف اویگن فیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آدولف اویگن فیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Fick" title="Adolf Fick – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adolf Fick" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%ED%94%BC%ED%81%AC" title="아돌프 피크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아돌프 피크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Fick" title="Adolf Fick – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adolf Fick" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Eugen Fick – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Adolf Eugen Fick" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ადოლფ ფიკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ადოლფ ფიკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83" title="ادولف فيك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادولف فيك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Fick" title="Adolf Fick – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adolf Fick" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="アドルフ・オイゲン・フィック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アドルフ・オイゲン・フィック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Fick" title="Adolf Fick – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Adolf Fick" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Fick" title="Adolf Fick – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Adolf Fick" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Eugen Fick – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Adolf Eugen Fick" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Eugen Fick – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adolf Eugen Fick" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Fick" title="Adolf Fick – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Adolf Fick" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Фик, Адольф Ойген – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фик, Адольф Ойген" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Eugen Fick – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Adolf Eugen Fick" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Eugen Fick – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Adolf Eugen Fick" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Fick" title="Adolf Fick – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adolf Fick" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="அடோல்ஃப் இயூஜின் பிக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அடோல்ஃப் இயூஜின் பிக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Eugen Fick – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Adolf Eugen Fick" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D2%91%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Адольф Ойґен Фік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Адольф Ойґен Фік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Eugen Fick – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Adolf Eugen Fick" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Fick" title="Adolf Fick – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Adolf Fick" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%8B" title="阿道夫·菲克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿道夫·菲克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q76691#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the ophthalmologist, see <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Gaston_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick">Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Adolf Fick</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolf_Fick_8bit_korr_klein1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Adolf_Fick_8bit_korr_klein1.jpg/250px-Adolf_Fick_8bit_korr_klein1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Adolf_Fick_8bit_korr_klein1.jpg/330px-Adolf_Fick_8bit_korr_klein1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Adolf_Fick_8bit_korr_klein1.jpg/500px-Adolf_Fick_8bit_korr_klein1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="2472" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Adolf Fick (1829–1901)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">3 September 1829<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Hesse" title="Electorate of Hesse">Electorate of Hesse</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 August 1901<span style="display:none">(1901-08-21)</span> (aged 71)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Blankenberge" title="Blankenberge">Blankenberge, Flanders</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Marburg" title="University of Marburg">University of Marburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fick%27s_laws_of_diffusion" title="Fick's laws of diffusion">Fick's laws of diffusion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fick_principle" title="Fick principle">Fick principle</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Imbert-Fick_law" title="Imbert-Fick law">Imbert–Fick law</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Biophysics" title="Biophysics">Biophysics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="University of Würzburg">University of Würzburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/602466942">Tractatur de errore optico quodam asymetria bulbi oculi effecto</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1851)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Ludwig_Fick" title="Franz Ludwig Fick">Franz Ludwig Fick</a><sup id="cite_ref-MGP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MGP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_M%C3%BCller" title="Johann Jakob Müller">Johann Jakob Müller</a><sup id="cite_ref-MGP_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MGP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Notes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align: left;">He is the brother of <a href="/wiki/Franz_Ludwig_Fick" title="Franz Ludwig Fick">Franz Ludwig Fick</a>. He is the uncle of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Gaston_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick">Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick</a> who invented the <a href="/wiki/Contact_lens" title="Contact lens">contact lens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CL_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Adolf Eugen Fick</b> (3 September 1829 – 21 August 1901) was a <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a>-born <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiologist</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Eugen_Fick&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fick began his work in the formal study of <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> before realising an aptitude for medicine. He then earned his <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctorate</a> in medicine from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Marburg" title="University of Marburg">University of Marburg</a> in 1851. As a fresh medical graduate, he began his work as a <a href="/wiki/Prosection" title="Prosection">prosector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VL_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> at age 71. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Eugen_Fick&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1855, he introduced <a href="/wiki/Fick%27s_laws_of_diffusion" title="Fick's laws of diffusion">Fick's laws of diffusion</a>, which govern the <a href="/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion">diffusion</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> across a fluid membrane. In 1870, he was the first to measure <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_output" title="Cardiac output">cardiac output</a>, using what is now called the <a href="/wiki/Fick_principle" title="Fick principle">Fick principle</a>. </p><p>Fick managed to double-publish his law of diffusion, as it applied equally to physiology and physics. His work led to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Direct_Fick" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Fick">direct Fick</a> method for measuring <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_output" title="Cardiac output">cardiac output</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anecdotal">Anecdotal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Eugen_Fick&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Anecdotal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fick's nephew, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Gaston_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick">Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick</a>, invented the <a href="/wiki/Contact_lens" title="Contact lens">contact lens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CL_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Eugen_Fick&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MGP-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MGP_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MGP_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=127308">Adolf Eugen Fick</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CL-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CL_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CL_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dog.org/jhg/abstract_2004/english.html">The "Kontaktbrille" of Adolf Eugen Fick (1887)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305220553/http://www.dog.org/jhg/abstract_2004/english.html">Archived</a> 2012-03-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 20 April 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VL-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VL_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/references?id=per69">The Virtual Laboratory: Fick, Adolf Eugen</a>, accessed 5 February 2006</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Eugen_Fick&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/data?id=per69">Short biography and bibliography</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Virtual_Laboratory" title="Virtual Laboratory">Virtual Laboratory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_History_of_Science" title="Max Planck Institute for the History of Science">Max Planck Institute for the History of Science</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayinsci.com/F/Fick_Adolf/FickAdolf-Quotations.htm">Science Quotes by Adolf Eugen Fick</a> (todayinsci.com)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118800000">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr2001015101">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fick, Adolf"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TSAV177034">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000085507&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069445028">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=244097">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810558293205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/191230">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007260992105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=127308">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118800000.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118800000">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/08314305X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/014356">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Eugen_Fick&oldid=1194580913">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Eugen_Fick&oldid=1194580913</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1829_births" title="Category:1829 births">1829 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1901_deaths" title="Category:1901 deaths">1901 deaths</a></li><li><a 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