CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136d51c5bcb4cdd',cH: '7a13EqUZx3xa7.ZfYFf18GsUka9xqG9mdxjcIXcBlw0-1739806371-1.2.1.1-t1wuDgFdKkJ_bkU2Q8mH86HFFsgQ4WnlaEaqVCLXSIynbuIJX5B.KDmDEqfMcrmA',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Nur%20Alya%20Nadhirah%20Binti%20Naaidith&__cf_chl_tk=XPKpOQCJbxGrLgnH9syY.7yf5igA7WzBGy_d_xu_vw4-1739806371-1.0.1.1-1go5tqYN7B6iJOZCb4fEFpzkGQbhWIyoOEWMAP6W2Q4",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739806371',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Nur%20Alya%20Nadhirah%20Binti%20Naaidith&__cf_chl_f_tk=XPKpOQCJbxGrLgnH9syY.7yf5igA7WzBGy_d_xu_vw4-1739806371-1.0.1.1-1go5tqYN7B6iJOZCb4fEFpzkGQbhWIyoOEWMAP6W2Q4",md: "UPfg8u6cr6FwLpxncdzTvP8v.FUpnV5zo2xKOTBho3k-1739806371-1.2.1.1-2Oe.O2FL5KzFOZdYqA5ty3XxfXPJlbFSAq2SghvMJ_yXcPX_F5hbTBj4yKyESNhnnoEf9piJOE4Y6ffZUrOZvBIRNHwTRDefNHfpQ33VXgRLmJ2fIr3pRK.mOH1PzF2G1LopcjampkYH9hvAM3I6uf3CicAu53J6EFRU_jDRUsjR5XHtUaM3c24qrDcxcmVyQotwm1lwFM7Cc0xSd1DsyZq1._JhoDahSlMWtCMFiR6mAeih_6P36xwrAbbu.JOZt8ucgzyUDPv7fbKOfi2UeYdkR1eJaA_D1FEhDSjCRCTgG9ufRpNhFquTGqF2BaElmUPjZm.AVrnY5AGfQL.HEmzIeDZ2ce.uuOfMSy4jU6h3wYRY1YZtT7m8CQEGV6NEC3ehz2rjFblFdTV0IxOdwdnsPnrI7udnkJEb9u16Dd1ky8yZcIcLWfnCBa66ZApsOHKbbgKIMWmfxh0MQ29An8RQwCrWcqSwFCVos_hMkvXmZMuUVeHfaesDv5IwPdnJJsXWOlP.93aKwboo8XclEclquRsCVytKhLuNfjeHIC98j_rNdNeaOrkP.pdQnYWEpgttEWBbu2yTBEMx.FYdmt7BfyNXfAHIBN8WzImPJrk5wciAjnMsLY168oNGZFzgsV.k2I9gn_y7waAsdQDiGSw.IOV5nHKjKElHGLhIKHoXcFUpVdfsKp5QnXsisnR_E1yBZ3Bim22odoCJ9hY8xdy4XNg6WZApCuD8xAs04MuI.1kOmVtsq9_fzq92BXkER58O70s7YzX_3vCll5VLLI4weEvKALwCo_n0d8K4vlPAGh7Ren9L4dtYi4GWGe4joVpJkTNXVKYHQHDlIdaISi3SrvxXVkr1DbnCDRgvrxIf8tcSJGdRvS4KCkz6FcrpgI5H2eJsYjRAYpzetme4hnMdUkOOkS3ts5kTIkEqZc6TKERrXtTvaSEH0iHHy6.1KCLEPsRb6d7Y4_ay37NfOsox4CD1ALh4pctIzw9SORhoUyvQgd0.B9idYkFI9lRRcxI1aTiHLwBHNerKPCtf2wMQgjILD09VKyxTzsiM7yMJUfo4p_XWzxi3MB693KM0VBN2qvMiohRrBele8e0lKFmRhrHLSqbBAMs6JOz5d3IsvDE2tghTH9EgI6qCcOYr2kiJEa4Er.jrtY5tOBno_yVsFeObWDzRAxmCyTgpn7Qfpj2dfINQknYgpoXjB1neZtY834Y7Dy5HCaG6mp8V4jvvmywzu0YDvox9X5LZHB3ZrxaRKvkKK0RgY.MVB_jq3JSLiVhkG4OZPDA4w1JMPGH5ejQat16ee_YwtfAHJFSK4VLzW2o8EhL5h_KOM.3EO93ovnmSKJK9yZ1RQkuWFZhMZPwlrqwXsS8bcutD6mEgIfjX4H18dzX2pi_gYTgUVHfsRpC4xA2oNvFnqmVhregUObWognu_9IuEQEophhxdtcDhOmuBuV0Or_67vwhuG6ykVkuXcsstPazXOOsSG_YMGOqNnISEwB5Tnnwy.lBp_tekgI9kJTlv9UYuCRViGwjZZX5KKEIVaYsXkz_R6mLPoTLsM8M76aTNIXR2dUPoT4zeaZL2JvuVpIkwB3yBjj6LeuhJ5Nn2QEcWjUqa_w5h_2D5c2CcXoeruukikK1EFiSXGUu9whsaNuI8Vml1922F2fFVNcnXDJ78nTNmjI7e6_60myNHkpGL1rFZT.z85mWSUXSC95k0ZDdSz3BBd4DlbIgHFZE679yldGmwvNu5aYvfJmaMFvFwQngtTiyUhf7mNHqLyMPU5mYniUUm66rVjurceA_vwQ5lu61JIdBEam6o2ErnZR5qz14Lbzz9Q1dXb9VLYas9z16CFQjjZlaIob0ohWTeIw9Gov8sHYUJDPTVdeqiKxgOvZ7NZkFv4Ls4PgBA214hdT6Z9x9ZL8_WvagXP7qlaVR4.gk8etDuThnDTrrYF9cHcH8fMLVAYTHWfz9Myp8Ct5KFSN0S4B1Qq4aHVyN7S7u2rlSqwxc3CT0vfeKHyL2gBLb.JJQ",mdrd: "FGCTS47tyqETVoQ4wgLjR2o1vrJDUBNC2oUNcY39Hk8-1739806371-1.2.1.1-BnFEf_sQ_JLs6yNp4Xkk760Gsz9XKh732FBCXaMsW.4FXqn3ySs3LtIyImhDqxRF0tK4d_4D6n1mD1srjB5NAM0BPek0rz8fiVK1.1pXcqUVbSlCvrrQ6O3DEk8aWyxtlbCO3QUVBhf8APcahTwimgx4OYmQOzCue5V0hplGGRs9dDBb_SnoW0DtfTSucXERGo9uFhissOVYj804EHCAaYm3BhAwxc70DymTodKByhOLL1k3xf4_Gy.EjRraRD1a6EBkLh7zoqiMcDOsvQ6z4LkZCp8YAQcTrfVpknHnMsYAZ_ueLWxkoCCmKKNofWITquBPIxvJdM2wgpS654SsQ4W4oXR7jwKiaP99AJL5egAUid3LnD2e.4R5ehIRNNuGLCzYNIhiuEQtSgCojXzKwlYTLNT9ZGkEkOh7vINpRdrSnfXJr.l4D5zM6Z5zi6U1or0Vk9gRt6M9c4wUPLADaT3KLsmggHotpZdKM5hMewzmVqq8t9BzoQJqZtiElPAvHmYoQ5qQwzR36I9ve55sIIFO3OuihgywIedC1_8Uzoh6GdRpQxiztO1HeQNj7fvTn0RJg0Xc80as.OFW420UwgPXDZPc_L_tQD.84WvPXDFq6zK_8ChcqkLSgYfy3Mpxekv_9BFDRIuRHlHsnGe2SUFA61VlTBXQOJ.rEFetwQcRYQyP5pWv582.qGcUaDb9GOQXwlqgDFK7Mr199s53n9CxxoDqozbRubfVezvjde1aZzTDmtzQqZLR9_aXyhDCagCTTv0Ra4c4TysMIWnZW9AzsKccVpephNnT5p3ABfzZVoTHmo419bg2Fs0AxYX.iDjATf7.3VDHpvX7RCsqQkHCX89q802bLIgOaFux5YM9bcE8GxqKeU9Y3CnANNjEw.sfGe7XKmYvdO7Q6MWTBw13d2Jyb4ES.FuSku..vyqLH9G5kzEBr7fYq1mY6JpEVa_giNMeuGrfmE1cKVs2f4Y35r6V1KhgTGNAz0Q6DJiF6cGIfhC._07lfwxcajhpfcx5F_NnloyJzHteLsACNHpuVeeznLF.x.iW4NHXyfFfjimpWjFb4z0n3wC_n4eOG8s90ufFjM7tMg8jBlQ.1tAJaopSSqH.DLkWmpKns2ZfyvL5.ePX4F6qgYrHXWUpx5ViLc8K2BS5BU5r1bd5uDSnwi0sllrgnDiYINMCGZw8lPH5GMXFF9Nc68nS.3Dl.RzTvwOCjhASi61BaD.PU5LQFVyRNJ2EywNTu48TEyJhn695qUP3zT0vtB6URF_VdSAtFyfKkrQEW8i7Gc.43U6Nh3uZwsX9kD1qIFSTUt8Y.ziwcYOH.eadD6WNDVXxphzxwKWxfLonrBfH0LB7X0BE9Tr2yGjCr30w0jTsKbhusChYxO5q0kEqeiVG8IpD.8cix5zMSfrSY5ejaLo.iDk15p4go7nufJT9vLqE_kXYjld7zvB6_kHeD8oip3QTNeog.jpM7j2MNX9PQd9kMsTmPPtZh6qChAyXlgoBfxFtcnZWNdYoJQEnizT5zI0R11ClLqp0CEVjp8SI8KmII8lgOwLcbT6cgfszkDdAJ3dfVYmoTDJeSpgHNQosJwqs.oG6KB3KLc7Wukm5Ra2Ext5gLD1ag9eCB0JClfTo4.jLQD2lnzQekfSGfApOEBFVMPcXTQYBKCLGU5yhwRFrE61kcWJl7c2rYLti75xc9wI0SLd0QZPDWVxbyrVhAXRBalVSIOTqJ4kP.vjUksjOVuLN_rlDDB6ib1d7Inss9fhzZZaK_fVhrbwO_h_GJkrUpPB3hhqfk68pFMq6bsQCWKC9ubm5MHiTm4mWDYu.H.f4eac12u0us5RxKNjyGa3o0vxy8wM1tZi9GEuqFXTe8XrAQt_Q0JLVsid0pVFn9ICIXCdVFsNtQjsNlVQZV.jil_dMXVFFuEhkq_EqmJ.qBgxRDALE0gPx5qOUpPLSUwAszv8my29DJX6fr_28.HKjAQwKE_DNZ8UfwJ70Xm07jQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136d51c5bcb4cdd';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Nur%20Alya%20Nadhirah%20Binti%20Naaidith&__cf_chl_rt_tk=XPKpOQCJbxGrLgnH9syY.7yf5igA7WzBGy_d_xu_vw4-1739806371-1.0.1.1-1go5tqYN7B6iJOZCb4fEFpzkGQbhWIyoOEWMAP6W2Q4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>