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text-davis-gray" type="button"><div class="relative z-10 whitespace-nowrap transition-colors text-default-500 group-data-[selected=true]:text-primary group-data-[selected=true]:font-bold" data-slot="tabContent">phrase</div></button><button data-slot="tab" tabindex="-1" data-collection="react-aria-:R2pbtteapjfb:" data-key="root" id="react-aria-:R2pbtteapjfbH1:-tab-root" aria-selected="false" role="tab" class="z-0 w-full py-1 flex group relative justify-center items-center cursor-pointer transition-opacity tap-highlight-transparent data-[disabled=true]:cursor-not-allowed data-[disabled=true]:opacity-30 data-[hover-unselected=true]:opacity-disabled outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 h-8 rounded-none text-xl px-2 text-davis-gray" type="button"><div class="relative z-10 whitespace-nowrap transition-colors text-default-500 group-data-[selected=true]:text-primary group-data-[selected=true]:font-bold" data-slot="tabContent">root</div></button><button data-slot="tab" tabindex="-1" data-collection="react-aria-:R2pbtteapjfb:" data-key="word-parts" id="react-aria-:R2pbtteapjfbH1:-tab-word-parts" aria-selected="false" role="tab" class="z-0 w-full py-1 flex group relative justify-center items-center cursor-pointer transition-opacity tap-highlight-transparent data-[disabled=true]:cursor-not-allowed data-[disabled=true]:opacity-30 data-[hover-unselected=true]:opacity-disabled outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 h-8 rounded-none text-xl px-2 text-davis-gray" type="button"><div class="relative z-10 whitespace-nowrap transition-colors text-default-500 group-data-[selected=true]:text-primary group-data-[selected=true]:font-bold" data-slot="tabContent">word parts</div></button></div></div><div class="absolute right-0 top-0 bottom-0 w-12 bg-gradient-to-l from-background to-transparent pointer-events-none"></div><hr class="shrink-0 bg-divider border-none w-full h-divider -my-1" role="separator"/></div><div class="text-md font-sans text-battleship-gray px-2 my-4"><span>47 entries found.</span></div><div class="space-y-6"><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of X" class="w-full group" href="/word/X"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_4899" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">X</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>Most Modern English words beginning in <i class="foreign notranslate">-x-</i> are of Greek origin (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of chi " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/chi">chi</a>) or modern commercial coinages. Many of the Greek-derived English words are scientific or technical compounds from 19c. and later. "X is a letter, which, though found in Saxon words, begins no word in the English language" is the entire entry for X in Johnson's dictionary (1756).</p> <p>The Roman name for the letter was <i class="foreign notranslate">ix</i>, also used in Old English. From Old English as the Roman numeral for "ten." By early 12c. as an abbreviation of "Christ" (compare <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of Xmas " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/Xmas">Xmas</a>). East Anglian writers in 14c. showed a tendency to use <i class="foreign notranslate">-x-</i> for initial <i class="foreign notranslate">sh-</i>, <i class="foreign notranslate">sch-</i> (such as <i class="foreign notranslate">xal</i> for <i class="foreign notranslate">shall</i>), which might have been an improvement over the current system.</p> <p>As a symbol of a kiss on a letter, etc., it is recorded from 1765. In malt liquor, <i class="foreign notranslate">XX</i> denoted "double quality" and <i class="foreign notranslate">XXX</i> "strongest quality" (1827), from the marks on brewers' casks.</p> <p>Algebraic use of the letter <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">X</i></strong> for "unknown quantity" (1660 in English, from French), sometimes is said to be from medieval use, originally a crossed <i class="foreign notranslate">-r-</i>, in that case probably from Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">radix</i> (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of root " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/root#etymonline_v_16522">root</a> (n.)). Other theories trace it to Arabic (Klein), but a more prosaic explanation says Descartes (1637) took <i class="foreign notranslate">x, y, z</i>, the last three letters of the alphabet, for unknowns to correspond to <i class="foreign notranslate">a, b, c</i>, used for known quantities.</p> <p>Used allusively for "unknown person" from 1797, in the <i class="foreign notranslate">XYZ Affair</i> in American history, which involved French agents designated by those letters. <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">X</i></strong> in the broadest sense as "something unknown" is attested by 1859.</p> <p>As a type of chromosome, attested from 1902 (first so called in German; Henking, 1891). To designate "films deemed suitable for adults only," it was first used 1950 in Britain; adopted in U.S. 1968, dropped formally in Britain 1983, U.S. 1990 but continued colloquially.</p> <p>In Vulgar Latin pronunciation of <i class="foreign notranslate">-x-</i> tended toward <i class="foreign notranslate">-s-</i> or <i class="foreign notranslate">-ss-</i>, a change evident in writing in Late Latin which became regular in Italian (<i class="foreign notranslate">espresso</i>) and is frequent in other Romanic languages.</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of X" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/X"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-2 w-full"><div class="relative"><span class="text-sm font-sans text-spanish-gray absolute -mt-6">Advertisement</span><div class="relative min-h-[90px] w-full"><div class="relative z-10 min-h-[90px] w-full flex items-center justify-center"><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc_sp_infeed" class="flex adsbygoogle items-center transition-all min-h-[90px]"><div class="w-full p-4 rounded-md min-w-[300px] items-center justify-center flex w-full h-full bg-secondary/50"><p class="text-foreground/80 text-center">Want to remove ads? <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Log in</a> to see fewer ads, and become a <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Premium Member</a> to remove all ads.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of x" class="w-full group" href="/word/X"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_50204" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">x</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(v.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>"cross out with an 'X'," 1942, from <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of X " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/X">X</a>.</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of x" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/x"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of Xanadu" class="w-full group" href="/word/Xanadu"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_25627" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">Xanadu</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>Mongol city founded by Kublai Khan, 1620s, Englished form of <i class="foreign notranslate">Shang-tu</i>. The sense of "dream place of magnificence and luxury" derives from Coleridge's poem (1816).</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of Xanadu" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/Xanadu"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of xanthic" class="w-full group" href="/word/xanthic"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_40246" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">xanthic</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(adj.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>"tending toward a yellow color," 1817, in chemistry, of compounds producing yellowish substances, from French <i class="foreign notranslate">xanthique</i>, from Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">xanthos</i> "yellow" (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of xantho- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/xantho-">xantho-</a>).</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of xanthic" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/xanthic"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of Xanthippe" class="w-full group" href="/word/Xanthippe"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_4900" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">Xanthippe</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>also (incorrectly) <i class="foreign notranslate">Xantippe</i>, late 16c., spouse of Socrates (5c. B.C.E.), the prototype of the quarrelsome, nagging wife. The name is related to the masc. proper name <i class="foreign notranslate">Xanthippos</i>, a compound of <i class="foreign notranslate">xanthos</i> "yellow" (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of xantho- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/xantho-">xantho-</a>) + <i class="foreign notranslate">hippos</i> "horse" (from PIE root <a rel="nofollow" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *ekwo- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/*ekwo-">*ekwo-</a> "horse").</p> <p>Historically, little is known of her. Xenophon's <i class="foreign notranslate">Symposium</i>, where Socrates is asked why he married the most intractable woman ever, reputation for subsequent millennia as a shrew. The philosopher's answer: 鈥淚 observe that men who wish to become expert horsemen do not get the most docile horses but rather those that are high-mettled, believing that if they can manage this kind, they will easily handle any other."</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of Xanthippe" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/Xanthippe"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-2 w-full"><div class="relative"><span class="text-sm font-sans text-spanish-gray absolute -mt-6">Advertisement</span><div class="relative min-h-[90px] w-full"><div class="relative z-10 min-h-[90px] w-full flex items-center justify-center"><div class="flex flex-col gap-4 w-full p-0 mobile:px-4 min-h-[90px]"><div id="afscontainer1" class="w-full"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of xantho-" class="w-full group" href="/word/xantho-"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_50205" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">xantho-</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>before vowels <i class="foreign notranslate">xanth-</i>, word-forming element of Greek origin, meaning "yellow," from Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">xanthos</i> "yellow" of various shades; used especially of hair and horses, a word of unknown origin.</p> <p>The element was used in English from mid-19c., chiefly in forming scientific words such as <i class="foreign notranslate">xanthein</i> (1857) "soluble yellow coloring matter in flowers," <i class="foreign notranslate">xanthophyll</i> (1838) "yellow coloring matter in autumn leaves." Also T.H. Huxley's <i class="foreign notranslate">Xanthochroi</i> (1867) "blond, light-skinned races of Europe" (with <i class="foreign notranslate">艒khros</i> "pale").</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of xantho-" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/xantho-"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of xanthosis" class="w-full group" href="/word/xanthosis"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_40247" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">xanthosis</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>in pathology, "yellowish discoloration," 1857, Modern Latin, from Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">xanthos</i> (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of xantho- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/xantho-">xantho-</a>) + <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of -osis " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/-osis">-osis</a>.</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of xanthosis" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/xanthosis"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of xanthous" class="w-full group" href="/word/xanthous"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_4901" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">xanthous</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(adj.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>1826, "fair-haired and light-complexioned," from Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">xanthos</i> "yellow," a word of unknown origin (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of xantho- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/xantho-">xantho-</a>). <i class="foreign notranslate">Xanthous</i> also was used in 19c. anthropology and ethnography as "specifying the yellow or Mongoloid type of mankind" [Century Dictionary].</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of xanthous" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/xanthous"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of xebec" class="w-full group" href="/word/xebec"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_4902" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">xebec</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>"small three-masted vessel," favored by Barbary corsairs but also used in Mediterranean trade, by 1745, from French <i class="foreign notranslate">ch茅bec</i>, from Italian <i class="foreign notranslate">sciabecco</i>, ultimately from Arabic <i class="foreign notranslate">shabbak</i> "a small warship." Altered by influence of cognate Spanish <i class="foreign notranslate">xabeque</i>, which shows the old way of representing the Spanish sound now spelled <i class="foreign notranslate">-j-</i>.</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of xebec" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/xebec"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of xenelasia" class="w-full group" href="/word/xenelasia"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_50206" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">xenelasia</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>"prevention of aliens from settling in Sparta," which had a law prohibiting strangers from residing there without permission, Greek, literally "expulsion of foreigners," from <i class="foreign notranslate">xenelatein</i> "to expel foreigners," from <i class="foreign notranslate">xenos</i> "stranger" (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of xeno- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/xeno-">xeno-</a>) + <i class="foreign notranslate">elatos</i>, verbal adjective of <i class="foreign notranslate">elaunein</i> "drive, drive away, beat out," which is of uncertain origin; according to Watkins from an extended form of the PIE base <i class="foreign notranslate">*ele-</i> "to go." Sometimes Englished as <i class="foreign notranslate">xenelasy</i> (1836).</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of xenelasia" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/xenelasia"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><nav role="navigation" aria-label="pagination navigation" data-slot="base" data-controls="true" data-dots-jump="5" data-total="5" data-active-page="1" 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text-battleship-gray dark:text-davis-gray">English (English)<svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="text-xl text-sans text-battleship-gray dark:text-davis-gray" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" tabindex="-1" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M12 2C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zm0 12-4-4h8l-4 4z"></path></svg></button></div><div class=" text-sm font-sans"><a title="Douglas Harper" rel="nofollow" class="text-battleship-gray dark:text-davis-gray hover:underline" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#1a7f6e637775747673747f5a6a68756e7574777b737634797577">漏 2001 - 2025 Douglas Harper</a></div></div></div><div class="pb-[100px]"></div></div></div></footer></div></div><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-ab27984b23a364e3.js" 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earliest year for which there is a surviving written record of that word (in English, unless otherwise indicated). This should be taken as approximate, especially before about 1700, since a word may have been used in conversation for hundreds of years before it turns up in a manuscript that has had the good fortune to survive the centuries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe basic sources of this work are Weekley's \"An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English,\" Klein's \"A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language,\" \"Oxford English Dictionary\" (second edition), \"Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology,\" Holthausen's \"Etymologisches W枚rterbuch der Englischen Sprache,\" and Kipfer and Chapman's \"Dictionary of American Slang.\"A full list of print sources used in this compilation can be found \u003ca rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"/columns/post/sources\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSince this dictionary went up, it has benefited from the suggestions of dozens of people I have never met, from around the world. 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Modern English words beginning in \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-x-\u003c/span\u003e are of Greek origin (see \u003ca href=\"/word/chi\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of chi \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003echi\u003c/a\u003e) or modern commercial coinages. Many of the Greek-derived English words are scientific or technical compounds from 19c. and later. \"X is a letter, which, though found in Saxon words, begins no word in the English language\" is the entire entry for X in Johnson's dictionary (1756).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Roman name for the letter was \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eix\u003c/span\u003e, also used in Old English. From Old English as the Roman numeral for \"ten.\" By early 12c. as an abbreviation of \"Christ\" (compare \u003ca href=\"/word/Xmas\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of Xmas \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eXmas\u003c/a\u003e). East Anglian writers in 14c. showed a tendency to use \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-x-\u003c/span\u003e for initial \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003esh-\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003esch-\u003c/span\u003e (such as \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003exal\u003c/span\u003e for \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eshall\u003c/span\u003e), which might have been an improvement over the current system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a symbol of a kiss on a letter, etc., it is recorded from 1765. In malt liquor, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eXX\u003c/span\u003e denoted \"double quality\" and \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eXXX\u003c/span\u003e \"strongest quality\" (1827), from the marks on brewers' casks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlgebraic use of the letter \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eX\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e for \"unknown quantity\" (1660 in English, from French), sometimes is said to be from medieval use, originally a crossed \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-r-\u003c/span\u003e, in that case probably from Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eradix\u003c/span\u003e (see \u003ca href=\"/word/root#etymonline_v_16522\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of root \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eroot\u003c/a\u003e (n.)). Other theories trace it to Arabic (Klein), but a more prosaic explanation says Descartes (1637) took \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ex, y, z\u003c/span\u003e, the last three letters of the alphabet, for unknowns to correspond to \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ea, b, c\u003c/span\u003e, used for known quantities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsed allusively for \"unknown person\" from 1797, in the \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eXYZ Affair\u003c/span\u003e in American history, which involved French agents designated by those letters. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eX\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e in the broadest sense as \"something unknown\" is attested by 1859.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a type of chromosome, attested from 1902 (first so called in German; Henking, 1891). To designate \"films deemed suitable for adults only,\" it was first used 1950 in Britain; adopted in U.S. 1968, dropped formally in Britain 1983, U.S. 1990 but continued colloquially.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Vulgar Latin pronunciation of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-x-\u003c/span\u003e tended toward \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-s-\u003c/span\u003e or \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-ss-\u003c/span\u003e, a change evident in writing in Late Latin which became regular in Italian (\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eespresso\u003c/span\u003e) and is frequent in other Romanic languages.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2e:T482,\u003cp\u003ealso (incorrectly) \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eXantippe\u003c/span\u003e, late 16c., spouse of Socrates (5c. B.C.E.), the prototype of the quarrelsome, nagging wife. The name is related to the masc. proper name \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eXanthippos\u003c/span\u003e, a compound of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003exanthos\u003c/span\u003e \"yellow\" (see \u003ca href=\"/word/xantho-\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of xantho- \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003exantho-\u003c/a\u003e) + \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ehippos\u003c/span\u003e \"horse\" (from PIE root \u003ca href=\"/word/*ekwo-\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of *ekwo- \"rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003e*ekwo-\u003c/a\u003e \"horse\").\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHistorically, little is known of her. Xenophon's \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eSymposium\u003c/span\u003e, where Socrates is asked why he married the most intractable woman ever, reputation for subsequent millennia as a shrew. The philosopher's answer: 鈥淚 observe that men who wish to become expert horsemen do not get the most docile horses but rather those that are high-mettled, believing that if they can manage this kind, they will easily handle any other.\"\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8:[[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-12 justify-center\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"w-full lg:w-[728px] space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2a\",null,{\"slot\":\"pc_sp_top\",\"className\":\"min-h-[90px] w-[728px]\",\"isMobile\":false,\"wrapperConfigs\":{\"base\":{\"type\":\"none\",\"closeType\":\"none\"},\"lg\":{\"type\":\"normal\",\"closeType\":\"remove\"}}}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{}],[\"$\",\"$21\",null,{\"fallback\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":\"loading\"}],\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"text-md font-sans text-battleship-gray px-2 my-4\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"children\":\"47 entries found.\"}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-6\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",\"4899\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_4899\",\"domain_id\":\"4899\",\"word\":\"X\",\"canonical_word\":\"X\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"\",\"etymology\":\"$2d\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],[\"$\",\"$L2a\",\"4899admanager\",{\"slot\":\"pc_sp_infeed\",\"className\":\"min-h-[90px]\",\"query\":\"x\"}],false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"50204\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_50204\",\"domain_id\":\"50204\",\"word\":\"x\",\"canonical_word\":\"X\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(v.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003e\\\"cross out with an 'X',\\\" 1942, from \u003ca href=\\\"/word/X\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of X \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003eX\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"25627\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_25627\",\"domain_id\":\"25627\",\"word\":\"Xanadu\",\"canonical_word\":\"Xanadu\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003eMongol city founded by Kublai Khan, 1620s, Englished form of \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eShang-tu\u003c/span\u003e. The sense of \\\"dream place of magnificence and luxury\\\" derives from Coleridge's poem (1816).\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"40246\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_40246\",\"domain_id\":\"40246\",\"word\":\"xanthic\",\"canonical_word\":\"xanthic\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(adj.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003e\\\"tending toward a yellow color,\\\" 1817, in chemistry, of compounds producing yellowish substances, from French \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003exanthique\u003c/span\u003e, from Greek \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003exanthos\u003c/span\u003e \\\"yellow\\\" (see \u003ca href=\\\"/word/xantho-\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of xantho- \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003exantho-\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"4900\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_4900\",\"domain_id\":\"4900\",\"word\":\"Xanthippe\",\"canonical_word\":\"Xanthippe\",\"type\":1,\"property\":\"\",\"etymology\":\"$2e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,[\"$\",\"$L2a\",\"4900adsense_search\",{\"slot\":\"adsense_search\",\"className\":\"min-h-[90px]\",\"query\":\"x\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"50205\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_50205\",\"domain_id\":\"50205\",\"word\":\"xantho-\",\"canonical_word\":\"xantho-\",\"type\":4,\"property\":\"\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003ebefore vowels \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003exanth-\u003c/span\u003e, word-forming element of Greek origin, meaning \\\"yellow,\\\" from Greek \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003exanthos\u003c/span\u003e \\\"yellow\\\" of various shades; used especially of hair and horses, a word of unknown origin.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe element was used in English from mid-19c., chiefly in forming scientific words such as \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003exanthein\u003c/span\u003e (1857) \\\"soluble yellow coloring matter in flowers,\\\" \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003exanthophyll\u003c/span\u003e (1838) \\\"yellow coloring matter in autumn leaves.\\\" Also T.H. Huxley's \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eXanthochroi\u003c/span\u003e (1867) \\\"blond, light-skinned races of Europe\\\" (with \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003e艒khros\u003c/span\u003e \\\"pale\\\").\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"40247\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_40247\",\"domain_id\":\"40247\",\"word\":\"xanthosis\",\"canonical_word\":\"xanthosis\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003ein pathology, \\\"yellowish discoloration,\\\" 1857, Modern Latin, from Greek \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003exanthos\u003c/span\u003e (see \u003ca href=\\\"/word/xantho-\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of xantho- \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003exantho-\u003c/a\u003e) + \u003ca href=\\\"/word/-osis\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of -osis \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003e-osis\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"4901\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_4901\",\"domain_id\":\"4901\",\"word\":\"xanthous\",\"canonical_word\":\"xanthous\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(adj.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003e1826, \\\"fair-haired and light-complexioned,\\\" from Greek \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003exanthos\u003c/span\u003e \\\"yellow,\\\" a word of unknown origin (see \u003ca href=\\\"/word/xantho-\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of xantho- \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003exantho-\u003c/a\u003e). \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eXanthous\u003c/span\u003e also was used in 19c. anthropology and ethnography as \\\"specifying the yellow or Mongoloid type of mankind\\\" [Century Dictionary].\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"4902\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_4902\",\"domain_id\":\"4902\",\"word\":\"xebec\",\"canonical_word\":\"xebec\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003e\\\"small three-masted vessel,\\\" favored by Barbary corsairs but also used in Mediterranean trade, by 1745, from French \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003ech茅bec\u003c/span\u003e, from Italian \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003esciabecco\u003c/span\u003e, ultimately from Arabic \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eshabbak\u003c/span\u003e \\\"a small warship.\\\" Altered by influence of cognate Spanish \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003exabeque\u003c/span\u003e, which shows the old way of representing the Spanish sound now spelled \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003e-j-\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"50206\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_50206\",\"domain_id\":\"50206\",\"word\":\"xenelasia\",\"canonical_word\":\"xenelasia\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003e\\\"prevention of aliens from settling in Sparta,\\\" which had a law prohibiting strangers from residing there without permission, Greek, literally \\\"expulsion of foreigners,\\\" from \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003exenelatein\u003c/span\u003e \\\"to expel foreigners,\\\" from \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003exenos\u003c/span\u003e \\\"stranger\\\" (see \u003ca href=\\\"/word/xeno-\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of xeno- \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003exeno-\u003c/a\u003e) + \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eelatos\u003c/span\u003e, verbal adjective of \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eelaunein\u003c/span\u003e \\\"drive, drive away, beat out,\\\" which is of uncertain origin; 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