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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html;charset=utf-8;"> <title data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:title">x | Search Online Etymology Dictionary</title> <meta data-react-helmet="true" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="theme-color" content="#83001d"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" property="og:description" content="The online etymology dictionary (etymonline) is the internet's go-to source for quick and reliable accounts of the origin and history of English words, phrases, and idioms. 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href="/search?q=x&type=2"><div class="selectorItem--S2kay">phrase</div></a><a href="/search?q=x&type=3"><div class="selectorItem--S2kay">suffix</div></a><a href="/search?q=x&type=4"><div class="selectorItem--S2kay">prefix</div></a><a href="/search?q=x&type=5"><div class="selectorItem--S2kay">word root</div></a><div class="underline--2GdPQ"></div></div>47 entries found.</div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of X" href="/word/X#etymonline_v_4899">X<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>The entire entry for X in Johnson's dictionary (1756) is: "X is a letter, which, though found in Saxon words, begins no word in the English language." Most English words beginning in <span class="foreign notranslate">-x-</span> are of Greek origin (see <a href="/word/chi" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of chi " class="crossreference notranslate">chi</a>) or modern commercial coinages. East Anglian in 14c. showed a tendency to use <span class="foreign notranslate">-x-</span> for initial <span class="foreign notranslate">sh-</span>, <span class="foreign notranslate">sch-</span> (such as <span class="foreign notranslate">xal</span> for <span class="foreign notranslate">shall</span>), which didn't catch on but seems an improvement over the current system. As a symbol of a kiss on a letter, etc., it is recorded from 1765. In malt liquor, <span class="foreign notranslate">XX</span> denoted "double quality" and <span class="foreign notranslate">XXX</span> "strongest quality" (1827).</p> <p>Algebraic meaning "unknown quantity" (1660 in English, from French), sometimes is said to be from medieval use, originally a crossed <span class="foreign notranslate">-r-</span>, in that case probably from Latin <span class="foreign notranslate">radix</span> (see <a href="/word/root#etymonline_v_16522" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of root " class="crossreference notranslate">root</a> (n.)). Other theories trace it to Arabic (Klein), but a more prosaic explanation says Descartes (1637) took <span class="foreign notranslate">x, y, z</span>, the last three letters of the alphabet, for unknowns to correspond to <span class="foreign notranslate">a, b, c</span>, used for known quantities.</p> <p>Used allusively for "unknown person" from 1797, "something unknown" since 1859. As a type of chromosome, attested from 1902 (first so called in German; Henking, 1891). To designate "films deemed suitable for adults only," first used 1950 in Britain; adopted in U.S. Nov. 1, 1968. The <span class="foreign notranslate">XYZ Affair</span> in American history (1797) involved French agents designated by those letters.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/X#etymonline_v_4899"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc-sp-infeed-1" style="min-width:728px;min-height:90px"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of x" href="/word/X#etymonline_v_50204">x<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(v.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>"cross out with an 'X'," 1942, from <a href="/word/X" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of X " class="crossreference notranslate">X</a>.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/X#etymonline_v_50204"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of Xanadu" href="/word/Xanadu#etymonline_v_25627">Xanadu<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>Mongol city founded by Kublai Khan, 1620s, Englished form of <span class="foreign notranslate">Shang-tu</span>. Sense of "dream place of magnificence and luxury" derives from Coleridge's poem (1816).</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/Xanadu#etymonline_v_25627"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of xanthic" href="/word/xanthic#etymonline_v_40246">xanthic<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(adj.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>"yellowish," 1817, from French <span class="foreign notranslate">xanthique</span>, from Greek <span class="foreign notranslate">xanthos</span> "yellow" (see <a href="/word/xantho-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of xantho- " class="crossreference notranslate">xantho-</a>).</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/xanthic#etymonline_v_40246"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of Xanthippe" href="/word/Xanthippe#etymonline_v_4900">Xanthippe<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>also (incorrectly) <span class="foreign notranslate">Xantippe</span>, late 16c., spouse of Socrates (5c. B.C.E.), the prototype of the quarrelsome, nagging wife. The name is related to the masc. proper name <span class="foreign notranslate">Xanthippos</span>, a compound of <span class="foreign notranslate">xanthos</span> "yellow" (see <a href="/word/xantho-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of xantho- " class="crossreference notranslate">xantho-</a>) + <span class="foreign notranslate">hippos</span> "horse" (from PIE root <a href="/word/*ekwo-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *ekwo- " rel="nofollow" class="crossreference notranslate">*ekwo-</a> "horse").</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/Xanthippe#etymonline_v_4900"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7093273770345366" style="display:block;width:100%" data-ad-slot="5022190299" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of xantho-" href="/word/xantho-#etymonline_v_50205">xantho-<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>before vowels <span class="foreign notranslate">xanth-</span>, word-forming element meaning "yellow," from Greek <span class="foreign notranslate">xanthos</span> "yellow" of various shades; used especially of hair and horses, of unknown origin. Used in scientific words; such as <span class="foreign notranslate">xanthein</span> (1857) "soluble yellow coloring matter in flowers," <span class="foreign notranslate">xanthophyll</span> (1838) "yellow coloring matter in autumn leaves." Also Huxley's <span class="foreign notranslate">Xanthochroi</span> (1867) "blond, light-skinned races of Europe" (with <span class="foreign notranslate">艒khros</span> "pale").</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/xantho-#etymonline_v_50205"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of xanthosis" href="/word/xanthosis#etymonline_v_40247">xanthosis<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(n.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>1857, Modern Latin, from Greek <span class="foreign notranslate">xanthos</span> (see <a href="/word/xantho-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of xantho- " class="crossreference notranslate">xantho-</a>) + <a href="/word/-osis" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of -osis " class="crossreference notranslate">-osis</a>.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/xanthosis#etymonline_v_40247"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of xanthous" href="/word/xanthous#etymonline_v_4901">xanthous<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(adj.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>1829, "fair-haired and light-complexioned," from Greek <span class="foreign notranslate">xanthos</span> "yellow," of unknown origin (see <a href="/word/xantho-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of xantho- " class="crossreference notranslate">xantho-</a>). But the word also was used in 19c. anthropology as "specifying the yellow or Mongoloid type of mankind" [Century Dictionary].</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/xanthous#etymonline_v_4901"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of xebec" href="/word/xebec#etymonline_v_4902">xebec<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(n.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>"small three-masted vessel," favored by Barbary corsairs but also used in Mediterranean trade, by 1745, from French <span class="foreign notranslate">ch茅bec</span>, from Italian <span class="foreign notranslate">sciabecco</span>, ultimately from Arabic <span class="foreign notranslate">shabbak</span> "a small warship." Altered by influence of cognate Spanish <span class="foreign notranslate">xabeque</span>, which shows the old way of representing the Spanish sound now spelled <span class="foreign notranslate">-j-</span>.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/xebec#etymonline_v_4902"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of xenelasia" href="/word/xenelasia#etymonline_v_50206">xenelasia<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(n.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>"prevention of aliens from settling in Sparta," Greek, literally "expulsion of foreigners," from <span class="foreign notranslate">xenelatein</span> "to expel foreigners," from <span class="foreign notranslate">xenos</span> "stranger" (see <a href="/word/xeno-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of xeno- " class="crossreference notranslate">xeno-</a>) + <span class="foreign notranslate">elatos</span>, verbal adjective of <span class="foreign notranslate">elaunein</span> "drive, drive away, beat out."</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/xenelasia#etymonline_v_50206"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="pagination_simple--1ilDd"><a style="visibility:hidden" title="prev" class="pagination_simple_prev--1rWzQ" role="button" href="/search?page=0&q=x&type="><i class="fa fa-2x fa-angle-left" aria-hidden="true"></i></a><a title="next" role="button" href="/search?page=2&q=x&type=">Next</a><a 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