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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bibliografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Friedrich Wöhler</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 62 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1" title="فريدرش فولر – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريدرش فولر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1" title="فريدرش فولر – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريدرش فولر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridrix_V%C3%B6ler" title="Fridrix Völer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fridrix Völer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1" title="فریدریش وولر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فریدریش وولر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%92%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фрыдрых Вёлер – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрыдрых Вёлер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фридрих Вьолер – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фридрих Вьолер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ফ্রেডরিখ ভোলার – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রেডরিখ ভোলার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%87_%CE%92%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Φρήντριχ Βέλερ – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρήντριχ Βέλερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84%D8%B1" title="فریدریش وهلر – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فریدریش وهلر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8" title="פרידריך ולר – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרידריך ולר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AD_%D5%8E%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ֆրիդրիխ Վյոլեր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրիդրիխ Վյոլեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%92%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="フリードリヒ・ヴェーラー – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フリードリヒ・ヴェーラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფრიდრიხ ველერი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრიდრიხ ველერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%92%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фридрих Вёлер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фридрих Вёлер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫ್ರೆಡರಿಕ್ ವೊಹ್ಲರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರೆಡರಿಕ್ ವೊಹ್ಲರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_%EB%B5%90%EB%9F%AC" title="프리드리히 뵐러 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프리드리히 뵐러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridericus_W%C3%B6hler" title="Fridericus Wöhler – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fridericus Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C4%ABdrihs_V%C4%93lers" title="Frīdrihs Vēlers – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frīdrihs Vēlers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фридрих Велер – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фридрих Велер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BC" title="ഫ്രീഡ്രിച് വോയ്ലർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രീഡ്രിച് വോയ്ലർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%88%D9%88%DB%81%D9%84%D8%B1" title="فریڈرک ووہلر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فریڈرک ووہلر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Вёлер, Фридрих – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вёлер, Фридрих" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фридрих Велер – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фридрих Велер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟรีดริช เวอเลอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟรีดริช เวอเลอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фрідріх Велер – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фрідріх Велер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%8B%92" title="弗里德里希·维勒 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弗里德里希·维勒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფრიდრიხ ველერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრიდრიხ ველერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%8B%92" title="弗里德里希·维勒 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗里德里希·维勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Friedrich Wöhler" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58575#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><span class="fn">Friedrich Wöhler</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg/220px-Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg/330px-Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg/440px-Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="1158" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lahir</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1800-07-31</span>)</span>31 Juli 1800<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eschersheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eschersheim (halaman belum tersedia)">Eschersheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgraviate Hesse-Kassel">Landgraviate Hesse-Kassel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi_Suci" title="Kekaisaran Romawi Suci">Kekaisaran Romawi Suci</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">23 September 1882<span style="display:none">(1882-09-23)</span> (umur 82)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tempat tinggal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kebangsaan</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Jerman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dikenal atas</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/Sintesis_W%C3%B6hler" title="Sintesis Wöhler">Sintesis Wöhler</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><b>Karier ilmiah</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bidang</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">Kimia organik</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institusi</th><td class="infobox-data">Sekolah Politeknik di <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a><br />Sekolah Politeknik di <a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universitas_G%C3%B6ttingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Göttingen">Universitas Göttingen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pembimbing_doktoral" title="Pembimbing doktoral">Pembimbing doktoral</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin">Leopold Gmelin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius">Jöns Jakob Berzelius</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mahasiswa doktoral</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Limpricht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Limpricht (halaman belum tersedia)">Heinrich Limpricht</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolph_Fittig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolph Fittig (halaman belum tersedia)">Rudolph Fittig</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Wilhelm_Hermann_Kolbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe">Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Ludwig_Carius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Ludwig Carius (halaman belum tersedia)">Georg Ludwig Carius</a> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Niemann_(chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Niemann (chemist) (halaman belum tersedia)">Albert Niemann</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vojt%C4%9Bch_%C5%A0afa%C5%99%C3%ADk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vojtěch Šafařík (halaman belum tersedia)">Vojtěch Šafařík</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Schmidt_(chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Schmidt (chemist) (halaman belum tersedia)">Carl Schmidt (chemist)</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Zincke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor Zincke (halaman belum tersedia)">Theodor Zincke</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mahasiswa ternama lain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_Voelcker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus Voelcker (halaman belum tersedia)">Augustus Voelcker</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Friedrich Wöhler</b> (31 Juli 1800 – 23 September 1882) adalah <a href="/wiki/Kimiawan" title="Kimiawan">kimiawan</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> yang terkenal karena berhasil menyintesis <a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urea</a>. Ia juga dapat memerangkap beberapa <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a>. </p><p>Ia lahir di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eschersheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eschersheim (halaman belum tersedia)">Eschersheim</a>, daerah yang terletak di dekat Frankfurt, Jerman. Pada tahun 1823 Wöhler menyelesaikan kuliahnya dalam ilmu kesehatan, bidang kedokteran di <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>. Setelah lulus, dia aktif sebagai asisten pencetus lambang atom Jons Jakob Berzelius di Stockholm, Swedia. Dia juga mengajar kimia pada 1825-1831 di sebuah politeknik kota Berlin. Karier mengajar berlanjut ke Kassel tahun 1836. </p><p>Wöhler peneliti yang banyak peran dalam penemuan unsur berilium dan siliKon dengan peneliti lain. Dia juga memberikan kontribusi bagi pengembangan sintesis kalsium karbida. Beberapa penemuannya berguna sebagai dasar sintesis senyawa organik. Sebuah penemuannya cukup fantasis adalah pada tahun 1828 dia mampu melakukan sintesis urea dari ammonium sianat. Padahal, paham saat itu hanya menyebutkan bahwa senyawa organik (urea) dapat sintesis dari senyawa organik lagi. </p><p>Penemuan yang ternyata merupakn ketidaksengajaan ini berhasil menggoyangkan paham tsb. Tidak hanya menguba pandangan teradap asal mula senyawa organik, penemuan Wohler juga merupakan dasar berkembangnya isomer atau dua senyawa yang memiliki rumus molekul sama. </p><p>Wöhler sosok yang aktif menjelang tahun 1882, dia masih tercatat sebagai profesor di Universitas Gottingen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bibliografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" class="extiw" title="commons:Friedrich Wöhler"><b><i>Friedrich Wöhler</i></b></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i>Lehrbuch der Chemie</i>, Dresden, 1825, 4 vols.</li> <li><i>Grundriss der Anorganischen Chemie</i>, Berlin, 1830</li> <li><i>Grundriss der Organischen Chemie</i>, Berlin, 1840</li> <li><i>Praktische Übungen in der Chemischen Analyse</i>, Berlin, 1854</li></ul> <p><b>Referensi</b>: </p><p>108 ILMUWAN & PENEMU DUNIA <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9789792546750" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-979-25-4675-0</a> Biografi </p><p>ADHE FIRMANSYAH The Wonder That Inspired The greatest Scientists of all time </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/olddnb/28345">John Christopher Augustus Voelcker</a>, (1899) <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58575#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58575#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58575#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118634488">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108583472">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/69032268">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/69032268">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90187764">Norwegia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12486173q">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12486173q">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a11426007">Catalunya</a></span></li> <li><span class="error">The ICCU id UFIV134569 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82250280">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000079191&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36002562">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record215440">Yunani</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000450677&local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071488774">Belanda</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810535905205606">Polandia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/336393">Swedia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basis data ilmiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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and Archival Context</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034067906">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trove_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trove (identifier)">Trove (Australia)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1180617">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox 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