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0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/1994/">1994</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/1995/">1995</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/1996/">1996</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/1997/">1997</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/1998/">1998</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/1999/">1999</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2000/">2000</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2001/">2001</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2002/">2002</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2003/">2003</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2004/">2004</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2005/">2005</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2006/">2006</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2007/">2007</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2008/">2008</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2009/">2009</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2010/">2010</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2011/">2011</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2012/">2012</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2013/">2013</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2014/">2014</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2015/">2015</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2016/">2016</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2017/">2017</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2018/">2018</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2019/">2019</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2020/">2020</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2021/">2021</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2022/">2022</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2023/">2023</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2024/">2024</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2025/">2025</a></div></div></div><div class="issue__list-8JHD2"><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/12-23/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/1839038C-37A0-48E8-9DCF9D0B1F145EFA_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 26" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/1839038C-37A0-48E8-9DCF9D0B1F145EFA_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/1839038C-37A0-48E8-9DCF9D0B1F145EFA_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-12-23">December 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/12-16/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/B5A2E52D-AD66-4583-8162106CB9AF15FF_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 25" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/B5A2E52D-AD66-4583-8162106CB9AF15FF_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/B5A2E52D-AD66-4583-8162106CB9AF15FF_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-12-16">December 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/12-09/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/54140025-41A1-49A8-863B15EAEB51F9E6_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 24" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/54140025-41A1-49A8-863B15EAEB51F9E6_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/54140025-41A1-49A8-863B15EAEB51F9E6_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-12-09">December 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/12-02/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/84D0D8D9-4AD4-4594-9F17A0A89C1FFC59_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 23" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/84D0D8D9-4AD4-4594-9F17A0A89C1FFC59_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/84D0D8D9-4AD4-4594-9F17A0A89C1FFC59_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-12-02">December 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/11-25/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/72838694-0D86-44E1-AB7EE1DF0E79BD1D_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 22" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/72838694-0D86-44E1-AB7EE1DF0E79BD1D_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/72838694-0D86-44E1-AB7EE1DF0E79BD1D_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-11-25">November 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/11-18/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/8F57318F-3F1B-4778-BEA1E726EB349EE0_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 21" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/8F57318F-3F1B-4778-BEA1E726EB349EE0_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/8F57318F-3F1B-4778-BEA1E726EB349EE0_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-11-18">November 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/11-11/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/0394E9EF-1180-4E0C-88C427C73AD459EA_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 20" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/0394E9EF-1180-4E0C-88C427C73AD459EA_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/0394E9EF-1180-4E0C-88C427C73AD459EA_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-11-11">November 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/11-04/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/8A0EA620-F976-436A-A4D69BE139CF32D0_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 19" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/8A0EA620-F976-436A-A4D69BE139CF32D0_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/8A0EA620-F976-436A-A4D69BE139CF32D0_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-11-04">November 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/10-28/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/4179F16B-29D0-4A1C-B5DA448FA7857684_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 18" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/4179F16B-29D0-4A1C-B5DA448FA7857684_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/4179F16B-29D0-4A1C-B5DA448FA7857684_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-10-28">October 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/10-21/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/3DBB9C56-506F-47AC-A6187BEC7710EDBF_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 17" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/3DBB9C56-506F-47AC-A6187BEC7710EDBF_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/3DBB9C56-506F-47AC-A6187BEC7710EDBF_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-10-21">October 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/10-14/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/61191914-E64A-44A0-99F3AE15CAC741E6_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 16" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/61191914-E64A-44A0-99F3AE15CAC741E6_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/61191914-E64A-44A0-99F3AE15CAC741E6_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-10-14">October 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/10-07/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/9592D088-982D-4FC2-96B684237D429046_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 15" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/9592D088-982D-4FC2-96B684237D429046_source.jpg?w=300 300w, 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loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-09-30">September 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/09-23/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/53225BCD-75D7-4E37-AD189FCDAEF7CC0A_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 13" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/53225BCD-75D7-4E37-AD189FCDAEF7CC0A_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/53225BCD-75D7-4E37-AD189FCDAEF7CC0A_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-09-23">September 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/09-16/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/47393587-0BD5-4700-A5D8B1BCB89E168B_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 12" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/47393587-0BD5-4700-A5D8B1BCB89E168B_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/47393587-0BD5-4700-A5D8B1BCB89E168B_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-09-16">September 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/09-09/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/508A2658-85DC-475F-B73ECA1C4FF8261D_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 11" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/508A2658-85DC-475F-B73ECA1C4FF8261D_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/508A2658-85DC-475F-B73ECA1C4FF8261D_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-09-09">September 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/09-02/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/CDDA69D2-8DBF-4DD3-9AE46486175D6DF0_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 10" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/CDDA69D2-8DBF-4DD3-9AE46486175D6DF0_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/CDDA69D2-8DBF-4DD3-9AE46486175D6DF0_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-09-02">September 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/08-26/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/834F828F-A9B4-4144-9074DEE771B76A78_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 9" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/834F828F-A9B4-4144-9074DEE771B76A78_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/834F828F-A9B4-4144-9074DEE771B76A78_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-08-26">August 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/08-19/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/5099C708-218E-4B35-81EE4C09E72CD7BC_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 8" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/5099C708-218E-4B35-81EE4C09E72CD7BC_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/5099C708-218E-4B35-81EE4C09E72CD7BC_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-08-19">August 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/08-12/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/B0CA2016-5021-48D7-BB392B652F6A624F_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 7" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/B0CA2016-5021-48D7-BB392B652F6A624F_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/B0CA2016-5021-48D7-BB392B652F6A624F_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-08-12">August 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/08-05/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/5064A2F9-D8CD-4B8C-8EF902DA24029FA6_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 6" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/5064A2F9-D8CD-4B8C-8EF902DA24029FA6_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/5064A2F9-D8CD-4B8C-8EF902DA24029FA6_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-08-05">August 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/07-29/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/435F9D51-58B9-4BB2-AD20477875A9982A_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 5" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/435F9D51-58B9-4BB2-AD20477875A9982A_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/435F9D51-58B9-4BB2-AD20477875A9982A_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-07-29">July 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/07-22/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/D68F4FAB-1432-4DA0-9AC79BAA556E331F_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 4" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/D68F4FAB-1432-4DA0-9AC79BAA556E331F_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/D68F4FAB-1432-4DA0-9AC79BAA556E331F_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-07-22">July 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/07-15/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/11058F8A-8C81-4634-AB577A5CB2C13F36_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 3" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/11058F8A-8C81-4634-AB577A5CB2C13F36_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/11058F8A-8C81-4634-AB577A5CB2C13F36_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-07-15">July 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/07-08/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/EB4362FC-9651-40D1-A4BE5174FC95442A_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 2" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/EB4362FC-9651-40D1-A4BE5174FC95442A_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/EB4362FC-9651-40D1-A4BE5174FC95442A_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-07-08">July 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/07-01/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/EDF76479-4A09-46BA-92172C162DF26A5A_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 13 Issue 1" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/EDF76479-4A09-46BA-92172C162DF26A5A_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/EDF76479-4A09-46BA-92172C162DF26A5A_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-07-01">July 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/06-24/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/321C8F22-F454-4B14-AAFD02E845298B06_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 12 Issue 26" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/321C8F22-F454-4B14-AAFD02E845298B06_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/321C8F22-F454-4B14-AAFD02E845298B06_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-06-24">June 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/06-17/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/F2F48C2C-87B0-4D49-989449DB88F87AFB_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 12 Issue 25" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/F2F48C2C-87B0-4D49-989449DB88F87AFB_source.jpg?w=300 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width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-06-10">June 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/06-03/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/44FA98EC-9B11-4720-A419FEF4A8D320F6_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 12 Issue 23" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/44FA98EC-9B11-4720-A419FEF4A8D320F6_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/44FA98EC-9B11-4720-A419FEF4A8D320F6_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-06-03">June 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/05-27/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/2C5605DE-7891-4052-863452049B1A23AA_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 12 Issue 22" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/2C5605DE-7891-4052-863452049B1A23AA_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/2C5605DE-7891-4052-863452049B1A23AA_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-05-27">May 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/05-20/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/7E8E111A-617F-4D40-A469B2C37223F76C_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 12 Issue 21" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/7E8E111A-617F-4D40-A469B2C37223F76C_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/7E8E111A-617F-4D40-A469B2C37223F76C_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-05-20">May 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/05-13/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/B4B15A83-9621-4ED9-B039A41E8084D263_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 12 Issue 20" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/B4B15A83-9621-4ED9-B039A41E8084D263_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/B4B15A83-9621-4ED9-B039A41E8084D263_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-05-13">May 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/05-06/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/1A05F749-2B8A-4303-B45232EFE7A8B48B_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 12 Issue 19" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/1A05F749-2B8A-4303-B45232EFE7A8B48B_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/1A05F749-2B8A-4303-B45232EFE7A8B48B_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1865-05-06">May 1865</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1865/04-29/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/750985EF-0473-499D-BB845D8BDC1A2B1E_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American 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