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id="toc-Historical_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Historical population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_seven_hills_of_Bamberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_seven_hills_of_Bamberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The seven hills of Bamberg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_seven_hills_of_Bamberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Key_economic_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_economic_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Key economic figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_economic_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labour_market_and_employment_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labour_market_and_employment_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Labour market and employment figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labour_market_and_employment_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry_and_manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry_and_manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Industry and manufacturing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry_and_manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism_and_retail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_and_retail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Tourism and retail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism_and_retail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Attractions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Attractions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Beer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Motorways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Air transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.4</span> <span>Water transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.5</span> <span>Local public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Military bases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayors_since_1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayors_since_1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Mayors since 1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayors_since_1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-People-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle People subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-A–K" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A–K"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>A–K</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A–K-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L–Z" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L–Z"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>L–Z</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L–Z-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bamberg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="بامبرغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بامبرغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberq" title="Bamberq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bamberq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82" title="بامبرق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بامبرق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бамберг – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бамберг" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бамберг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бамберг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бамбэрг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бамбэрг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бамберг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бамберг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambeag" title="Bambeag – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bambeag" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg_(ciutat_d%27Alemanya)" title="Bamberg (ciutat d'Alemanya) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bamberg (ciutat d'Alemanya)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бамберг – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бамберг" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg_(munisipyo)" title="Bamberg (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bamberg (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberk" title="Bamberk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bamberk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Μπάμπεργκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπάμπεργκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="بامبرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بامبرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Bamberg (stêd) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bamberg (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="밤베르크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="밤베르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Բամբերգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բամբերգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babin" title="Babin – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Babin" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бамберг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бамберг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberga" title="Bamberga – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bamberga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92" title="במברג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="במברג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ბამბერგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბამბერგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бамберг – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бамберг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberga" title="Bamberga – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bamberga" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberga" title="Bamberga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bamberga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambergas" title="Bambergas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bambergas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бамберг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бамберг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="ബാംബെർഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാംബെർഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg_(stad)" title="Bamberg (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bamberg (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="バンベルク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バンベルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambarg" title="Bambarg – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bambarg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberga" title="Bamberga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bamberga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бамберг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бамберг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бамберг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бамберг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бамберг – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бамберг" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84" title="บัมแบร์ค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บัมแบร์ค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бамберг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бамберг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="بامبرگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بامبرگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg_(Bay%C3%A4n)" title="Bamberg (Bayän) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bamberg (Bayän)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bamberg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC" title="班贝格 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="班贝格" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%A0%A1" title="班堡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="班堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC" title="班贝格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="班贝格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3936#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bamberg&params=49_53_29_N_10_53_13_E_type:city(80580)_region:DE-BY"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°53′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°53′13″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.89139°N 10.88694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.89139; 10.88694</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bamberg (disambiguation)">Bamberg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bamberg" title="Special:EditPage/Bamberg">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bamberg%22">"Bamberg"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bamberg%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bamberg%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bamberg%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bamberg%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bamberg%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Bavaria, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Bamberg </span></div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><small><span title="Mainfränkisch-language text"><i lang="vmf">Bambärch</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Mainfr%C3%A4nkisch_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainfränkisch language">Mainfränkisch</a>)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Town#Germany" title="Town">Town</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:none;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:250px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:none;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg_Altstadt_20061115-057-Pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bamberg_Altstadt_20061115-057-Pano.jpg/250px-Bamberg_Altstadt_20061115-057-Pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bamberg_Altstadt_20061115-057-Pano.jpg/375px-Bamberg_Altstadt_20061115-057-Pano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bamberg_Altstadt_20061115-057-Pano.jpg/500px-Bamberg_Altstadt_20061115-057-Pano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6541" data-file-height="2158" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:none;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kloster_Michaelsberg_Parkseite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Kloster_Michaelsberg_Parkseite.jpg/250px-Kloster_Michaelsberg_Parkseite.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Kloster_Michaelsberg_Parkseite.jpg/375px-Kloster_Michaelsberg_Parkseite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Kloster_Michaelsberg_Parkseite.jpg/500px-Kloster_Michaelsberg_Parkseite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1791" data-file-height="1029" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:none;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberger_Dom_BW_6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bamberger_Dom_BW_6.JPG/250px-Bamberger_Dom_BW_6.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bamberger_Dom_BW_6.JPG/500px-Bamberger_Dom_BW_6.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="3299" data-file-height="2427" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Top: Skyline with old town hall (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Altes Rathaus</i></span></i>) to the right Middle: <a href="/wiki/Michaelsberg_Abbey,_Bamberg" title="Michaelsberg Abbey, Bamberg">Michaelsberg Abbey</a> Bottom: <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Cathedral" title="Bamberg Cathedral">Bamberg Cathedral</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Bamberg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Bamberg"><img alt="Flag of Bamberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flagge_Bamberg.svg/100px-Flagge_Bamberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flagge_Bamberg.svg/150px-Flagge_Bamberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flagge_Bamberg.svg/200px-Flagge_Bamberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="481" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Bamberg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Bamberg"><img alt="Coat of arms of Bamberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/DEU_Bamberg_COA.svg/75px-DEU_Bamberg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/DEU_Bamberg_COA.svg/112px-DEU_Bamberg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/DEU_Bamberg_COA.svg/149px-DEU_Bamberg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="208" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Bamberg</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_bc357e17f3f560df5e0e654551e3f3d9abcf230f"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bamberg&revid=1281634152&groups=_bc357e17f3f560df5e0e654551e3f3d9abcf230f" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bamberg&revid=1281634152&groups=_bc357e17f3f560df5e0e654551e3f3d9abcf230f 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bamberg is located in Germany"><img alt="Bamberg is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.932%;left:53.869%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bamberg"><img alt="Bamberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Bamberg </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bavaria_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bamberg is located in Bavaria"><img alt="Bamberg is located in Bavaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bavaria_location_map.svg/250px-Bavaria_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bavaria_location_map.svg/375px-Bavaria_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bavaria_location_map.svg/500px-Bavaria_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="855" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.982%;left:38.507%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bamberg"><img alt="Bamberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Bamberg </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Bavaria</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bamberg&params=49_53_29_N_10_53_13_E_type:city(80580)_region:DE-BY"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°53′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°53′13″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.89139°N 10.88694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.89139; 10.88694</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Admin. region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Franconia" title="Upper Franconia">Upper Franconia </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord mayor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–26) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Andreas Starke<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">54.62 km<sup>2</sup> (21.09 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">262 m (860 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">80,580</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,500/km<sup>2</sup> (3,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">96047, 96049, 96050, 96051, 96052</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0951</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Germany" title="Vehicle registration plates of Germany">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">BA</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadt.bamberg.de">www<wbr />.stadt<wbr />.bamberg<wbr />.de</a></span> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">UNESCO World Heritage Site</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Town of Bamberg</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: ii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/624">624</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1993 (17th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">142 ha</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">444 ha</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bamberg</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈbambɛʁk]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b2\/De-Bamberg.ogg\/De-Bamberg.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Bamberg.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/De-Bamberg.ogg/De-Bamberg.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Bamberg.ogg" title="File:De-Bamberg.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/East_Franconian_German" title="East Franconian German">East Franconian</a>: <i>Bambärch</i>) is a town in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Franconia" title="Upper Franconia">Upper Franconia</a> district in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, Germany, on the river <a href="/wiki/Regnitz" title="Regnitz">Regnitz</a> close to its confluence with the river <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a>. Bamberg had 79,000 inhabitants in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town dates back to the 9th century, when its name was derived from the nearby <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Babenberch</i></span></i> castle. Cited as one of Germany's most beautiful towns, with medieval streets and buildings, the old town of Bamberg with around 2,400 <a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">timber</a> houses<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> since 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 10th century onwards, Bamberg became a key link with the <a href="/wiki/West_Slavs" title="West Slavs">Western Slavic</a> peoples, notably those of Poland and <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a>. It experienced a period of great prosperity from the 12th century onwards, during which time it was briefly the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a> was buried in the old town, alongside his wife <a href="/wiki/Cunigunde_of_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Cunigunde of Luxemburg">Kunigunde</a>. The town's architecture from this period strongly influenced that in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Germany" title="Northern Germany">Northern Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>. From the middle of the 13th century onwards, the bishops were princes of the Empire<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ruled Bamberg, overseeing the construction of monumental buildings. This growth was complemented by the obtaining of large portions of the estates of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Merania" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Merania">Counts of Meran</a> in 1248 and 1260 by the sea, partly through purchase and partly through the appropriation of extinguished fiefs. </p><p>Bamberg lost its independence in 1802, following the secularization of church lands, becoming part of <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> in 1803. The town was first connected to the German rail system in 1844, which has been an important part of its infrastructure ever since. After a communist uprising took control over Bavaria in the years following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the state government fled to Bamberg and stayed there for almost two years before the Bavarian capital of <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> was retaken by <i><a href="/wiki/Freikorps" title="Freikorps">Freikorps</a></i> units (see <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a>). The first republican constitution of Bavaria was passed in Bamberg, becoming known as the <i>Bamberger Verfassung</i> (Bamberg Constitution). </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Bamberg was an important base for the Bavarian, German, and then American military stationed at <a href="/wiki/Warner_Barracks_in_Bamberg,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Barracks in Bamberg, Germany">Warner Barracks</a>, until closing in 2014. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:20em; ; color: #202122;background-color: GhostWhite;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: GhostWhite;">Historical affiliations</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Bamberg_bis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Wappen_Bamberg_bis.svg/15px-Wappen_Bamberg_bis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Wappen_Bamberg_bis.svg/23px-Wappen_Bamberg_bis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Wappen_Bamberg_bis.svg/30px-Wappen_Bamberg_bis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="606" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Bamberg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg">Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg</a> 1245–1802<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg/20px-Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg/40px-Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Electorate of Bavaria</a> 1802–1805<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a> 1805–1918<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> 1871–1918<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> 1918–1933<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> 1933–1945<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Merchant_flag_of_Germany_%281946%E2%80%931949%29.svg/40px-Merchant_flag_of_Germany_%281946%E2%80%931949%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Merchant_flag_of_Germany_%281946%E2%80%931949%29.svg/60px-Merchant_flag_of_Germany_%281946%E2%80%931949%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Allied-occupied Germany</a> 1945–1949<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> 1949–1990<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> 1990–present </p> </blockquote> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dankaerts-Historis-9331.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dankaerts-Historis-9331.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Dankaerts-Historis-9331.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dankaerts-Historis-9331.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Dankaerts-Historis-9331.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dankaerts-Historis-9331.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Dankaerts-Historis-9331.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5118" data-file-height="3420" /></a><figcaption>17th century 3D-map of Bamberg. <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Merian" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Merian">Matthias Merian</a> in Danckerts, <i>Historis</i>, 1632</figcaption></figure> <p>During the post-<a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> centuries of Germanic migration and settlement, the region later included in the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Bamberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Bamberg">Diocese of Bamberg</a> was inhabited for the most part by <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>. The town, first mentioned in 902, grew up by the castle <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Babenberch</i></span></i> which gave its name to the <a href="/wiki/Babenberg" title="Babenberg">Babenberg</a> family. On their extinction, it passed to the <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxon</a> house.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area was Christianized chiefly by the monks of the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_St._Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Rule of St. Benedict">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/Fulda_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulda Abbey">Fulda Abbey</a>, and the land was under the spiritual authority of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Würzburg">Diocese of Würzburg</a>. In 1007, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a> made Bamberg a family inheritance, the seat of a separate <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a>. The Emperor's purpose in this was to make the Diocese of Würzburg less unwieldy in size and to give Christianity a firmer footing in the districts of <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconia</a>, east of Bamberg.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1008, after long negotiations with the Bishops of Würzburg and <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Eichst%C3%A4tt" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Eichstätt">Eichstätt</a>, who were to cede portions of their dioceses, the boundaries of the new diocese were defined, and <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XVIII" title="Pope John XVIII">Pope John XVIII</a> granted the papal confirmation in the same year. Henry II ordered the building of a new <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Cathedral" title="Bamberg Cathedral">cathedral</a>, which was consecrated on 6 May 1012. The church was enriched with gifts from the pope, and Henry had it dedicated in honor of him. In 1017, Henry founded <a href="/wiki/Michaelsberg_Abbey,_Bamberg" title="Michaelsberg Abbey, Bamberg">Michaelsberg Abbey</a> on the Michaelsberg ("Mount St Michael"), near Bamberg, a Benedictine abbey for the training of the clergy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The emperor and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Cunigunde_of_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Cunigunde of Luxemburg">Kunigunde</a>, gave large temporal possessions to the new diocese, and it received many privileges out of which grew the secular power of the bishop. Pope Benedict VIII visited Bamberg in 1020<sup id="cite_ref-BAM1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAM1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to meet Henry II for discussions concerning the Holy Roman Empire. While he was there he placed the diocese in direct dependence on the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>. He also personally consecrated some of Bamberg's churches. For a short time Bamberg was the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. Henry and Kunigunde were both buried in the cathedral.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BAMBERGA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BAMBERGA.png/220px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BAMBERGA.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BAMBERGA.png/330px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BAMBERGA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BAMBERGA.png/440px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BAMBERGA.png 2x" data-file-width="1998" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption>Woodcut of Bamberg from the <i><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Chronicle" title="Nuremberg Chronicle">Nuremberg Chronicle</a></i>, 1493</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberger_Dom_BW_6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bamberger_Dom_BW_6.JPG/250px-Bamberger_Dom_BW_6.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bamberger_Dom_BW_6.JPG/330px-Bamberger_Dom_BW_6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bamberger_Dom_BW_6.JPG/500px-Bamberger_Dom_BW_6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3299" data-file-height="2427" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Cathedral" title="Bamberg Cathedral">Bamberg Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg-Schlenkerla1-Asio.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bamberg-Schlenkerla1-Asio.JPG/250px-Bamberg-Schlenkerla1-Asio.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bamberg-Schlenkerla1-Asio.JPG/330px-Bamberg-Schlenkerla1-Asio.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bamberg-Schlenkerla1-Asio.JPG/500px-Bamberg-Schlenkerla1-Asio.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Schlenkerla" title="Schlenkerla">Schlenkerla</a>, one of Bamberg's breweries and taverns</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg-AlteHofhaltung2-Asio.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bamberg-AlteHofhaltung2-Asio.JPG/220px-Bamberg-AlteHofhaltung2-Asio.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bamberg-AlteHofhaltung2-Asio.JPG/330px-Bamberg-AlteHofhaltung2-Asio.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bamberg-AlteHofhaltung2-Asio.JPG/440px-Bamberg-AlteHofhaltung2-Asio.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The old palace (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Alte Hofhaltung</i></span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>From the middle of the 13th century onwards, the bishops were princes of the Empire<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ruled Bamberg, overseeing the construction of monumental buildings. In 1248 and 1260, the see obtained large portions of the estates of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Merania" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Merania">Counts of Meran</a>, partly through purchase and partly through the appropriation of extinguished fiefs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The old <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Bamberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Bamberg">Bishopric of Bamberg</a> was composed of an unbroken territory extending from <a href="/wiki/Schl%C3%BCsselfeld" title="Schlüsselfeld">Schlüsselfeld</a> in a northeasterly direction to the <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Forest" title="Franconian Forest">Franconian Forest</a>, and possessed in addition estates in the Duchies of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Carinthia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Nordgau_(Bavaria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordgau (Bavaria)">Nordgau</a> (the present <a href="/wiki/Upper_Palatinate" title="Upper Palatinate">Upper Palatinate</a>), in <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a>, and on the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>. By the changes resulting from the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a>, the territory of this see was reduced by nearly one half in extent. Since 1279 the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_city_of_Bamberg" title="Coat of arms of the city of Bamberg">coat of arms of the city of Bamberg</a> is known in the form of a seal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_witch_trials" title="Bamberg witch trials">witch trials</a> of the 17th century claimed about one thousand victims in Bamberg, reaching a climax between 1626 and 1631, under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Bishop">Prince-Bishop</a> Johann Georg II Fuchs von Dornheim.<sup id="cite_ref-SZ_2012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZ_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The famous <i><a href="/wiki/Drudenhaus_(prison)" title="Drudenhaus (prison)">Drudenhaus</a></i> (witch prison), built in 1627, is no longer standing today; however, detailed accounts of some cases, such as that of <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Junius" title="Johannes Junius">Johannes Junius</a>, remain.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1647, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bamberg" title="University of Bamberg">University of Bamberg</a> was founded as <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Academia Bambergensis</i></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bambrzy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bambrzy">Bambrzy</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Posen Bambergers</i></span></i>) are German <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> who are descended from settlers from the Bamberg area who settled in villages around <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a> in the years 1719–1753. In 1759, the possessions and jurisdictions of the diocese situated in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> were sold to that state. When the secularization of church lands took place (1802) the diocese covered 3,305 km<sup>2</sup> (1,276 sq mi) and had a population of 207,000. Bamberg thus lost its independence in 1802, becoming part of <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> in 1803.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The free state of Bavaria and the Federal Republic of Germany gave protections to Bamberg, though the city does handle its own management of properties.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bamberg was first connected to the German rail system in 1844, which has been an important part of its infrastructure ever since. After a communist uprising took control over Bavaria in the years following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the state government fled to Bamberg and stayed there for almost two years before the Bavarian capital of <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> was retaken by <i><a href="/wiki/Freikorps" title="Freikorps">Freikorps</a></i> units (see <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a>). The first republican constitution of Bavaria was passed in Bamberg, becoming known as the <i>Bamberger Verfassung</i> (Bamberg Constitution).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1926 Bamberg served as the venue for the <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Conference" title="Bamberg Conference">Bamberg Conference</a>, convened by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> in his attempt to foster unity and to stifle dissent within the then-young <a href="/wiki/Nazi_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi party">Nazi party</a>. Bamberg was chosen for its location in Upper Franconia, reasonably close to the residences of the members of the dissident northern Nazi faction but still within Bavaria.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Bamberg" title="Bombing of Bamberg">Bombing of Bamberg</a>, the city was hit a total of nine times by Allied warplanes between 1944 and 1945. While Bamberg was not attacked as badly as nearby <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, 4.4% of the city ended up being destroyed and 378 civilians died. The biggest and deadliest bombing run happened on February 22 1945. In the afternoon, American planes attacked the Bamberg railway station and surroundings with bombs. Because of poor visibility, the bombs were also dropped over residential houses, killing a total of 216 civilians and causing many houses between Oberer Stephansberg and Oberer Kaulberg to be damaged or destroyed as a result. The inner city was also hit, particularly in the Obstmarkt, Lange Straße, Grüner Markt and Keßlerstraße.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three significant landmarks in the city were hit: the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erl%C3%B6serkirche,_Bamberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erlöserkirche, Bamberg (page does not exist)">Erlöserkirche</a> or <i>Church of the Redeemer</i> at the Kunigundendamm which was almost completely destroyed (only the tower remained), the historic Altane on the Grüner Markt and the Alte Maut or Old Toll. A follow-up attack was planned for February 23, but ultimately cancelled due to bad weather.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that, low-flying Allied aircraft continued to attack Bamberg, threatening large gatherings of people and sometimes also dropping leaflets mocking National Socialism and its propaganda. Another 67 people died as a result of these attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city fell with little resistance to American troops on the 14th of April, despite the use of explosives on all of the bridges to the city by the retreating German forces. After the war had ended, reconstruction efforts began. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_population">Historical population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>1818 </td> <td>17,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1885 </td> <td>31,521 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1905 </td> <td>45,308 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;"> <caption>Largest groups of foreign residents </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Nationality </th> <th scope="col">Population (2013) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>1,076 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>359 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>232 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>119 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>115 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bamberg is located in <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconia</a>, 63 km (39 mi) north of Nuremberg by railway and 101 km (63 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a>, also by rail. It is situated on the Regnitz river, 3 km (1.9 mi) before it flows into the <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a> river. </p><p>Its geography is shaped by the <a href="/wiki/Regnitz" title="Regnitz">Regnitz</a> and by the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Steigerwald" title="Steigerwald">Steigerwald</a>, part of the German uplands. From northeast to southwest, the town is divided into first the Regnitz plain, then one large and several small islands formed by two arms of the Regnitz (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Inselstadt</i></span></i>), and finally the part of town on the hills, the "Hill Town" (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bergstadt</i></span></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_seven_hills_of_Bamberg">The seven hills of Bamberg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The seven hills of Bamberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bamberg extends over seven hills, each crowned by a church. This has led to Bamberg being called the "Franconian Rome"—although a running joke among Bamberg's tour guides is to refer to Rome instead as the "Italian Bamberg". The hills are Cathedral Hill, Michaelsberg, Kaulberg/Obere Pfarre, Stefansberg, Jakobsberg, Altenburger Hill and Abtsberg.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> subtype for this climate is "<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification#Group_C:_Temperate/mesothermal_climates" title="Köppen climate classification">Cfb</a>" (Marine West Coast Climate/<a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Oceanic climate</a>), with a certain continental influence as indicated by average winter nighttime temperatures well below zero.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bamberg (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1991–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br />(91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br />(91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3<br />(90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br />(91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.6<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.8<br />(12.6) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.0<br />(19.4) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5<br />(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8<br />(21.6) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.2<br />(11.8) </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−15.7<br />(3.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.7<br />(−21.5) </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.7<br />(−14.3) </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.6<br />(−3.3) </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.7<br />(14.5) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.1<br />(24.6) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5<br />(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.5<br />(18.5) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.0<br />(−0.4) </td> <td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.3<br />(−17.1) </td> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−29.7<br />(−21.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.8<br />(1.84) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(1.46) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.2<br />(1.70) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(1.38) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.7<br />(2.39) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.5<br />(2.42) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.8<br />(3.10) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.9<br />(2.36) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.5<br />(2.19) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.5<br />(1.95) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.9<br />(2.04) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.5<br />(2.15) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">634.6<br />(24.98) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.0 </td> <td style="background: #4141FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.0 </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.9 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.4 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">171.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000C7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000ED; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000B9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000D2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #5F5F5F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.0 </td> <td style="background: #9F9F9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.4 </td> <td style="background: #B8B854; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.2 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.2 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.4 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.6 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">230.4 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218.9 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.3 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102.9 </td> <td style="background: #5C5C5C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.8 </td> <td style="background: #484848; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.4 </td> <td style="background: #C0C025; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,666.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMO_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimat<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>Source 3: Wetterdienst.de <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bamberg is considered an important economic center and is one of the 15 strongest economic regions in Bavaria compared to the other 95 districts and independent cities. Central locations for industry, manufacturing and trade can be found in the north and east of the city. In the north, around the Bamberg harbor, there is a large industrial area that partly extends into the Hallstadt urban area. Bosch operates its largest plant in Germany in the east and is also the city's most important employer. </p><p>Relevant economic sectors in Bamberg are the automotive supply industry, electrical engineering and the food industry. The traditional industry of market gardening with large inner-city cultivation areas, which has characterized the city since its beginnings, is still present. Due to its UNESCO World Heritage status and the more than 800,000 overnight guests a year in the city alone, tourism, hotels and gastronomy also play a central role in the city's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Key_economic_figures">Key economic figures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Key economic figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2010s, Bamberg's gross domestic product increased by a total of 17.7%. The city of Bamberg generated €5.1 billion in 2021 (€66,543 per capita). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Bamberg<sup id="cite_ref-statistik_bayern_de_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistik_bayern_de-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th> <th>2018 </th> <th>2019 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>2021 </th></tr> <tr> <td>52.403 </td> <td>54.083 </td> <td>53.694 </td> <td>56.029 </td> <td>56.320 </td> <td>58.070 </td> <td>60.349 </td> <td>62.917 </td> <td>64.083 </td> <td>64.040 </td> <td>63.650 </td> <td>66.543 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the 2016 Future Atlas, Bamberg was ranked 32nd out of 402 districts, municipal associations and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the places with "very high future prospects". </p><p>The number of business registrations in the city of Bamberg remains at a high level. In the independent city of Bamberg, the number of business registrations in 2023 was 682, compared to 655 registrations the year before. In 2021, 702 new companies were registered with the city of Bamberg. The number of businesses in the city of Bamberg for 2023 is 2,624 companies. 87 of these businesses employ more than 100 people. Of these, almost half (969) are craft businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labour_market_and_employment_figures">Labour market and employment figures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Labour market and employment figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the population in the city has grown, the number of employees has also risen continuously in recent years:<sup id="cite_ref-statistik_bayern_de_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistik_bayern_de-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2005 and 2022, the number of employees increased by almost 20%.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th> <th>2018 </th> <th>2019 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>2021 </th> <th>2022 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Employees subject to social security contributions </td> <td>52.259 </td> <td>53.181 </td> <td>54.078 </td> <td>54.695 </td> <td>54.478 </td> <td>57.435 </td> <td>55.414 </td> <td>56.491 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Number of unemployed people </td> <td>1.894 </td> <td>1.839 </td> <td>1.765 </td> <td>1.628 </td> <td>1.579 </td> <td>1.922 </td> <td>1.931 </td> <td>1.814 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are around 56,500 people in employment in the city in 2022. The unemployment rate in December 2022 was 4.3%, above the Bavarian average of 3.1%. In the neighboring district of Bamberg, the unemployment rate was 2.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry_and_manufacturing">Industry and manufacturing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Industry and manufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Important sectors of the manufacturing industry in Bamberg are drive technologies and electrical engineering. Bosch has been operating a production facility in Bamberg with over 6000 employees since 1939. The company produces energy, mobility and drive systems, in particular spark plugs for the automotive industry. Due to its dependence on the combustion engine, the company announced in 2019 that it would be switching to fuel cells,[145] although around 1000 jobs are to be transferred to other locations from 2026. Coburg-based automotive supplier Brose has had an administration building with 600 employees on Berliner Ring since 2016. Together with the plant in Hallstadt, the region is the company's second-largest location with more than 2,000 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another important company is Wieland Electric in the field of electrical engineering. The company was founded in Bamberg in 1910 and is considered a pioneer in electrical connection technology and is still the world market leader for pluggable installation technology in the building sector. </p><p>Rudolf Zimmermann Bamberg (RZB), with over 800 employees worldwide, produces lights and lighting systems near the port of Bamberg.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 70 companies are located on the 100 hectares of the port. In 2023, over 416,000 tons of goods were loaded at the port, especially foodstuffs and bulk goods. In addition, over 700 river cruise ships docked here.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bamberg asphalt mixing plant<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a Schwenk concrete plant are also located in the immediate vicinity. </p><p>Bamberg is also home to numerous small and medium-sized companies in other sectors. One special feature here is the centuries-old tradition of instrument making. Organ building, which is currently being continued by master craftsman Thomas Eichfelder, is particularly noteworthy, as is the construction of violins, clarinets and other woodwind instruments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism_and_retail">Tourism and retail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tourism and retail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bamberg's city centre is characterized by a diverse retail sector, partly due to tourism. This generated a turnover of 682 million euros in 2023. In the 2018 shopping mile ranking by real estate company Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL), Bamberg was ranked first in Germany for cities with fewer than 100,000 inhabitants. With an average of 5,155 visitors per hour, the Grüner Markt was the 52nd most popular shopping street in Germany. In 2023, the Grüner Markt had almost 8.5 million passers-by, an increase of 130,000 visitors compared to the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bamberg recorded 807,294 overnight stays in 2023, an increase of 11% compared to 2022. 85% of overnight guests came from Germany, 15% from abroad. The proportion of travelers from abroad rose particularly sharply in 2023 at 22%. The most important tourist countries of origin are the US, the Netherlands, Poland and Austria. Tourism generates around 330 million euros in gross revenue in Bamberg every year - in the hospitality, retail and service sectors. This results in an income of 153 million euros.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attractions">Attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberger_Reiter_BW_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bamberger_Reiter_BW_2.JPG/220px-Bamberger_Reiter_BW_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bamberger_Reiter_BW_2.JPG/330px-Bamberger_Reiter_BW_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bamberger_Reiter_BW_2.JPG/440px-Bamberger_Reiter_BW_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Horseman" title="Bamberg Horseman">Bamberg Horseman</a>, a local symbol and the first near life-size stone <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue" title="Equestrian statue">equestrian statue</a> since <a href="/wiki/Antiquities" title="Antiquities">antiquity</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg-StMichael1-Asio.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bamberg-StMichael1-Asio.JPG/220px-Bamberg-StMichael1-Asio.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bamberg-StMichael1-Asio.JPG/330px-Bamberg-StMichael1-Asio.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bamberg-StMichael1-Asio.JPG/440px-Bamberg-StMichael1-Asio.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1491" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michaelsberg_Abbey,_Bamberg" title="Michaelsberg Abbey, Bamberg">Michaelsberg Abbey</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg_BW_2013-06-19_17-17-19.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bamberg_BW_2013-06-19_17-17-19.JPG/220px-Bamberg_BW_2013-06-19_17-17-19.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bamberg_BW_2013-06-19_17-17-19.JPG/330px-Bamberg_BW_2013-06-19_17-17-19.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bamberg_BW_2013-06-19_17-17-19.JPG/440px-Bamberg_BW_2013-06-19_17-17-19.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="3759" /></a><figcaption>Town hall (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Rathaus</i></span></i>), details</figcaption></figure> <p>The Town of Bamberg was inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> World Heritage List in 1993 due to its medieval layout and its well preserved historic buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the Middle Ages, urban gardening has been practiced in Bamberg. The Market Gardeners’ District together with the City on the Hills and the Island District is an integral part of the World Heritage site. In 2005, the Municipality established a unit to coordinate the implementation of the World Heritage Convention in Bamberg. In 2019, a visitor and interpretation centre opened for the World Heritage site.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the main sights are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Cathedral" title="Bamberg Cathedral">Bamberg Cathedral</a> (1237), with the tombs of Emperor Henry II and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_II" title="Pope Clement II">Pope Clement II</a></li> <li><i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Alte Hofhaltung</i></span></i>, residence of the bishops in the 16th and 17th centuries</li> <li><i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Neue Residenz</i></span></i>, residence of the bishops after the 17th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_State_Library" title="Bamberg State Library">Bamberg State Library</a> in the New Residence</li> <li>Old town hall (1386), built in the middle of the Regnitz river, accessible by two bridges</li> <li><i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Klein-Venedig</i></span></i> ("Little Venice"), a colony of fishermen's houses from the 19th century along one bank of the river Regnitz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelsberg_Abbey,_Bamberg" title="Michaelsberg Abbey, Bamberg">Michaelsberg Abbey</a>, built in the 12th century on one of Bamberg's "Seven Hills." The former Benedictine abbey, which once housed a brewery, is now home to the Franconian Brewery Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Altenburg_(Bamberg)" title="Altenburg (Bamberg)">Altenburg</a></i></span>, castle, former residence of the bishops</li></ul> <dl><dt>Cathedral</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Cathedral" title="Bamberg Cathedral">Bamberg Cathedral</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Cathedral" title="Bamberg Cathedral">Bamberg Cathedral</a> is a late <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> building with four towers. It was founded in 1004 by Emperor Henry II, finished in 1012<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and consecrated on 6 May 1012. It was later partially destroyed by fire in 1081. The new cathedral, built by Saint <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Bamberg" title="Otto of Bamberg">Otto of Bamberg</a>, was consecrated in 1111<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the 13th century received its present late-Romanesque form.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The cathedral is 94 m (308 ft) long, 28 m (92 ft) wide, 26 m (85 ft) high, and the four towers are each about 81 m (266 ft) high. It contains many historic works of art, such as the marble tomb of the founder and his wife, considered one of the greatest works of the sculptor <a href="/wiki/Tilman_Riemenschneider" title="Tilman Riemenschneider">Tilman Riemenschneider</a>, and carved between 1499 and 1513.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Another treasure of the cathedral is an <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue" title="Equestrian statue">equestrian statue</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Horseman" title="Bamberg Horseman">Bamberg Horseman</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Bamberger Reiter</i></span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This statue, possibly depicting the emperor <a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a>, most likely dates to the second quarter of the 13th century. The statue also serves as a symbol of the town of Bamberg.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <dl><dt><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Neue Residenz</i></span></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>The <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Neue Residenz</i></span></i> (New Residence) (1698–1704) was initially occupied by the prince-bishops, and from 1864 to 1867 by the deposed King <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Greece" title="Otto of Greece">Otto of Greece</a>. Its <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Rosengarten</i></span></i> (Rose Garden) overlooks the town. It has over 4500 roses.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Altenburg</i></span></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AltenburgEingang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/AltenburgEingang.jpg/220px-AltenburgEingang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/AltenburgEingang.jpg/330px-AltenburgEingang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/AltenburgEingang.jpg/440px-AltenburgEingang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="754" /></a><figcaption>Bamberg <a href="/wiki/Altenburg_(Bamberg)" title="Altenburg (Bamberg)">Altenburg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Altenburg_(Bamberg)" title="Altenburg (Bamberg)">Altenburg</a></i></span> is located on the highest of Bamberg's seven hills. It was mentioned for the first time in 1109.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1251 and 1553 it was the residence of Bamberg's bishops. Destroyed in 1553 by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Alcibiades,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg-Kulmbach" title="Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach">Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach</a>, it was used after scant repairs only as a prison, and increasingly fell into decay. </p><p>In 1801, A. F. Marcus bought the castle and completely repaired it. His friend, the famous German writer <a href="/wiki/E.T.A._Hoffmann" class="mw-redirect" title="E.T.A. Hoffmann">E.T.A. Hoffmann</a>, who was very impressed by the building, lived there for a while. The next owner, Anton von Greifenstein, in 1818 founded an association to preserve the castle. This society still maintains the entire property today.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Altenburg today houses a restaurant.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Other sights</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>Other churches are the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Jakobskirche</i></span></i>, an 11th-century Romanesque <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a>; the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">St. Martinskirche</i></span></i>; the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Marienkirche</i></span></i> or <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Obere Pfarrkirche</i></span></i> (1320–1387), which has now been restored to its original pure <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> style. The <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Michaelskirche,_Bamberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Michaelskirche, Bamberg">Michaelskirche</a></i></span></i>, 12th century Romanesque (restored), on the Michaelsberg, was formerly the church of the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_St._Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Rule of St. Benedict">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/Michaelsberg_Abbey,_Bamberg" title="Michaelsberg Abbey, Bamberg">Michaelsberg Abbey</a> secularized in 1803 and now contains the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bürgerspital</i></span></i>, or <a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">almshouse</a>, and the museum and municipal art collections.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Of the bridges connecting the sections of the lower town the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Obere Brücke</i></span></i> was completed in 1455. Halfway across this, on an island, is the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Rathaus</i></span></i> or town hall (rebuilt 1744–1756). The lyceum, formerly a <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> college, contains a natural history museum. The old palace (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Alte Hofhaltung</i></span></i>) was built in 1591 on the site of an old residence of the counts of <a href="/wiki/Babenberg" title="Babenberg">Babenberg</a>. Monuments include the Maximilian fountain (1880), with statues of <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_Joseph_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria">King Maximilian I of Bavaria</a>, the emperor Henry II and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Bamberg" title="Otto of Bamberg">Saint Otto</a>, bishop of Bamberg.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also tunnels beneath the town. These were originally constructed as mines which supplied sandstone which could be used for construction or as an abrasive cleaner. Mining came to an end in 1920 but a 7.5 mi (12.1 km) tunnel network remained. The tunnels were used as an <a href="/wiki/Air_raid_shelter" title="Air raid shelter">air raid shelter</a> during World War II. A part of the network can be visited on a guided tour.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beer">Beer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Beer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bamberg is known for its smoked <a href="/wiki/Rauchbier" class="mw-redirect" title="Rauchbier">Rauchbier</a> and is home to 11 breweries,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brauerei_F%C3%A4ssla" class="extiw" title="de:Brauerei Fässla">Brauerei Fässla</a>, <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brauerei_Greifenklau" class="extiw" title="de:Brauerei Greifenklau">Brauerei Greifenklau</a>, Brauerei Heller-Trum (<a href="/wiki/Schlenkerla" title="Schlenkerla">Schlenkerla</a>), <a href="/wiki/Brauerei_Kaiserdom" title="Brauerei Kaiserdom">Brauerei Kaiserdom</a>, <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brauerei_Keesmann" class="extiw" title="de:Brauerei Keesmann">Keesmann Bräu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klosterbr%C3%A4u_Bamberg" title="Klosterbräu Bamberg">Klosterbräu</a>, <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brauerei_Mahr" class="extiw" title="de:Brauerei Mahr">Mahrs Bräu</a>, <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brauerei_Spezial" class="extiw" title="de:Brauerei Spezial">Brauerei Spezial</a>, Gasthausbrauerei Ambräusianum, Kron Prinz, and Weyermann Röstmalzbierbrauerei. Weyermann Specialty Malting, founded in Bamberg in 1879, supplies breweries around the world. Every August there is a five-day <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sandkerwa</i></span></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Kirmess" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirmess">kirmess</a> celebrated with beers.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Franconia region surrounding Bamberg is home to more than 200 breweries. In October and early November many of the 70 breweries in and around Bamberg celebrate Bockbieranstiche with special releases of Bock beer.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bamberg" title="University of Bamberg">University of Bamberg</a>, named Otto-Friedrich University, offers higher education in the areas of <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_studies" title="Business studies">business studies</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a>, and is attended by more than 12,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The University of Applied Sciences Bamberg offers higher education in the areas of <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>. Bamberg is also home to eight secondary schools (<a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">gymnasiums</a>): </p> <ul><li>Clavius-Gymnasium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dientzenhofer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dientzenhofer">Dientzenhofer</a>-Gymnasium</li> <li>Eichendorff-Gymnasium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T.A._Hoffmann" class="mw-redirect" title="E.T.A. Hoffmann">E.T.A. Hoffmann</a>-Gymnasium</li> <li>Franz-Ludwig-Gymnasium</li> <li>Kaiser-Heinrich-Gymnasium</li> <li>Maria-Ward-Gymnasium</li> <li>Theresianum</li></ul> <p>There are also numerous other institutes for primary, secondary, technical, vocational and adult education. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railway">Railway</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/InterCityExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCityExpress">InterCityExpress</a> main line No. 28 (<a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> – <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> / – <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>) and the main line No. 18 (Munich – Nuremberg – Halle – Berlin / – Hamburg) run on the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg%E2%80%93Bamberg_railway" title="Nuremberg–Bamberg railway">Nuremberg–Bamberg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bamberg%E2%80%93Hof_railway" title="Bamberg–Hof railway">Bamberg–Hof lines</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_station" title="Bamberg station">Bamberg station</a>. It takes less than two hours to Munich on the train and with the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg%E2%80%93Erfurt_high-speed_railway" title="Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway">Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway</a> through the Thuringian mountains finished in 2017 less than three hours to Berlin. Two intercity trains of line no. 17 (Vienna – Warnemünde) and line no. 61 (Leipzig – Nuremberg – Karlsruhe) also run through Bamberg.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>East-west connections are poorer. Bamberg is connected to other towns in eastern Upper Franconia such as <a href="/wiki/Bayreuth" title="Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coburg" title="Coburg">Coburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kronach" title="Kronach">Kronach</a> via the Bamberg–Hof line with trains usually running at least every hour. Connections on the <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg%E2%80%93Bamberg_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Würzburg–Bamberg railway">Würzburg–Bamberg line</a> to the west are hourly regional trains to Würzburg, which is fully connected to the ICE network. Tourists arriving at <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt International Airport">Frankfurt International Airport</a> can take advantage of the new direct connection from Frankfurt's main station.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motorways">Motorways</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Motorways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bamberg is not near any of the major (i.e. single-digit) <a href="/wiki/Autobahns" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobahns">autobahns</a>. But it is nevertheless well connected to the network in all directions: the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_70" title="Bundesautobahn 70">A70</a> from <a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a> (connecting to the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_7" title="Bundesautobahn 7">A7</a> there) to Bayreuth (connecting to the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_9" title="Bundesautobahn 9">A9</a>) runs along the northern edge of the town. The <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_73" title="Bundesautobahn 73">A73</a> on the eastern side of town connects Bamberg to Nuremberg (connecting to the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_9" title="Bundesautobahn 9">A9</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a>, ending at <a href="/wiki/Suhl" title="Suhl">Suhl</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air_transport">Air transport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Air transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bamberg is served by <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flugplatz_Bamberg-Breitenau" class="extiw" title="de:Flugplatz Bamberg-Breitenau">Bamberg-Breitenau Airfield</a>. Mostly public aircraft operate there. It used to be a military airport. (IATA-Code: ZCD, ICAO-Code: EDQA) It is also possible to charter public flights to and from this airport.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most international tourists who travel by plane arrive at <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt International Airport">Frankfurt International Airport</a> or <a href="/wiki/Munich_Airport" title="Munich Airport">Munich Airport</a>. The nearest major airport is <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Airport" title="Nuremberg Airport">Nuremberg Airport</a> which can be reached within 45mins by car or one hour by train and subway.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water_transport">Water transport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Water transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg-Liebherr-crane-4295172.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bamberg-Liebherr-crane-4295172.jpg/220px-Bamberg-Liebherr-crane-4295172.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bamberg-Liebherr-crane-4295172.jpg/330px-Bamberg-Liebherr-crane-4295172.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bamberg-Liebherr-crane-4295172.jpg/440px-Bamberg-Liebherr-crane-4295172.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4548" data-file-height="3412" /></a><figcaption>Cranes in Bamberg harbor</figcaption></figure> <p>Both the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Main-Danube_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Main-Danube Canal">Rhine-Main-Danube Canal</a> and its predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Canal" title="Ludwig Canal">Ludwig Canal</a>, begin near Bamberg.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ludwig Canal was opened in 1846 but closed in 1950 after damage during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">second world war</a>. With the completion of the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal in 1992, uninterrupted water transport was again made possible between the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Local_public_transport">Local public transport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Local public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local public transport within Bamberg relies exclusively on buses. More than 20 routes connect the outlying quarters and some villages in the vicinity to the central bus station. In addition, there are several "Night Lines" (the last of these, though, tend to run around midnight) and some <a href="/wiki/Park-and-ride" class="mw-redirect" title="Park-and-ride">park-and-ride</a> lines from parking lots on the periphery to the town centre. </p><p>A short-lived tram system existed in the 1920s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_bases">Military bases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Military bases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bamberg was an important base for the Bavarian, German, and then American military stationed at <a href="/wiki/Warner_Barracks_in_Bamberg,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Barracks in Bamberg, Germany">Warner Barracks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warner Barracks was closed in the fall of 2014, with the last battalion leaving being the 54th Engineer Battalion, and the grounds returned to the German government. In 2016, a large part of the facility was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/German_Federal_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="German Federal Police">German Federal Police</a> for training purposes. Muna Kasserne was a small base occupied by the 504th Maintenance Company, 71st Maintenance Bn. It was part of Warner Barracks although located separately.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bamberg is an urban district, or <i>kreisfreie Stadt</i>. Its town council (<i>Stadtrat</i>) and its mayor (<i>Oberbürgermeister</i>) are elected every six years, though not in the same year. Thus, the last municipal election for the town council was in 2014, for the mayor in 2012. As an exception to the six-year term, the term starting in 2012 will take eight years to synchronize the elections with those in the rest of Bavaria.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As of the elections of 16 March 2014, the 44 member strong town council comprises 12 <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Social Union of Bavaria">CSU</a> councillors, 10 <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> councillors, 8 <a href="/wiki/Alliance_%2790/The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance '90/The Greens">Green</a> councillors, 4 councillors of the <i>Bamberger Bürger-Block</i> and 4 of the <i>Freie Wähler</i> (Free Voters), both local political movements. These five parties achieved the number of councillors necessary to form a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group" title="Parliamentary group">parliamentary group</a>. In addition, there are 3 councillors of the <i>Bamberger Unabhängige Bürger</i> and the 1 councillor each of the <i>Bamberger Realisten</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> and the <i>Bamberger Linke Liste</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The previous council, elected on 2 March 2008, was composed of 15 <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Social Union of Bavaria">CSU</a> councillors, 10 <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> councillors, 7 <a href="/wiki/Alliance_%2790/The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance '90/The Greens">Green</a> councillors, 5 councillors of the Bamberger Bürger-Block and 3 of the Freie Wähler (Free Voters), both local political movements. These five parties achieved the number of councillors necessary to form a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group" title="Parliamentary group">parliamentary group</a>. In addition, there were 2 councillors of the <i>Bamberger Realisten</i> and one of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republicans_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republicans (Germany)">Republikaner</a>, making them ineligible for caucus status.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayors_since_1945">Mayors since 1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Mayors since 1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Years </th> <th>Mayor </th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <td>1945–1958 </td> <td><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luitpold_Weegmann" class="extiw" title="de:Luitpold Weegmann">Luitpold Weegmann</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Social Union of Bavaria">CSU</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958–1982 </td> <td><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Mathieu" class="extiw" title="de:Theodor Mathieu">Theodor Mathieu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Social Union of Bavaria">CSU</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982–1994 </td> <td><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_R%C3%B6hner" class="extiw" title="de:Paul Röhner">Paul Röhner</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Social Union of Bavaria">CSU</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994–2006 </td> <td><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Lauer" class="extiw" title="de:Herbert Lauer">Herbert Lauer</a> </td> <td>Independent </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006–present </td> <td><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Starke" class="extiw" title="de:Andreas Starke">Andreas Starke</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <p>Bamberg is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Bedford" title="Borough of Bedford">Bedford</a>, England, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Esztergom" title="Esztergom">Esztergom</a>, Hungary</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Feldkirchen_in_K%C3%A4rnten" title="Feldkirchen in Kärnten">Feldkirchen in Kärnten</a>, Austria</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prague_1" title="Prague 1">Prague 1</a>, Czech Republic</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rodez" title="Rodez">Rodez</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Villach" title="Villach">Villach</a>, Austria</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis-Alexandre_Berthier.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier.png/130px-Louis-Alexandre_Berthier.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier.png/195px-Louis-Alexandre_Berthier.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier.png/260px-Louis-Alexandre_Berthier.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="2014" /></a><figcaption>Louis-Alexandre Berthier, 1808</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A–K"><span id="A.E2.80.93K"></span>A–K</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: A–K"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annette_von_Aretin" title="Annette von Aretin">Annette von Aretin</a> (1920–2006), first television announcer of the <a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">Bayerischer Rundfunk</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Adam_Bader" class="extiw" title="de:Carl Adam Bader">Carl Adam Bader</a> (1789 in Bamberg; † 1870 in Berlin), <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Badum" title="Lisa Badum">Lisa Badum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothee_B%C3%A4r" title="Dorothee Bär">Dorothee Bär</a> (born 1978), Member of Parliament (CSU), State Secretary of the Federal Minister of Transport and Digital Infrastructure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Batz" title="Wilhelm Batz">Wilhelm Batz</a> (1916–1988), <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>, ace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a> (1753–1815), Chief of Staff to Napoleon Bonaparte</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Boveri" title="Theodor Boveri">Theodor Boveri</a> (1862–1915), biologist and cytogeneticist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Camerarius" title="Joachim Camerarius">Joachim Camerarius</a> (1500–1574), humanist, polymath and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Ciesla" title="Claudia Ciesla">Claudia Ciesla</a> (born 1987), Polish-German actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_II" title="Pope Clement II">Pope Clement II</a> (died 1047), bishop of Bamberg from 1040 to 1046</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Clavius" title="Christopher Clavius">Christopher Clavius</a> (1538–1612), mathematician, astronomer and Jesuit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III of Germany</a> (1093–1152), king of Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunigunde_of_Luxembourg" title="Cunigunde of Luxembourg">Cunigunde of Luxembourg</a> (c. 975–1040), empress consort, regent of the Holy Roman Empire and wife of Henry II</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Dassler" title="Stefan Dassler">Stefan Dassler</a> (1962-2023), non-fiction author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Denzler" title="Günther Denzler">Günther Denzler</a> (born 1948), former district administrator of Bamberg (CSU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Deschner" title="Karlheinz Deschner">Karlheinz Deschner</a> (1924–2014), writer and critic of religion and the church</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Diener_(Altphilologe)" class="extiw" title="de:Gottfried Diener (Altphilologe)">Gottfried Diener</a> (1907–1987), philologist and Goethe researcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Dollinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignaz Dollinger">Ignaz Dollinger</a> (1770–1841), physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_von_Dollinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignaz von Dollinger">Ignaz von Dollinger</a> (1799–1890), important Catholic theologian and church historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Echtermeyer" title="Curt Echtermeyer">Curt Echtermeyer</a>, also known as Curt Bruckner (1896–1971), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Ebermayer" title="Erich Ebermayer">Erich Ebermayer</a> (1900–1970), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Ehard" title="Hans Ehard">Hans Ehard</a> (1887–1980), lawyer and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Faltin" title="Günter Faltin">Günter Faltin</a> (born 1944), university teacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Finck" title="Heinrich Finck">Heinrich Finck</a> (1444–1527), conductor and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus-Dieter_Fritsche" title="Klaus-Dieter Fritsche">Klaus-Dieter Fritsche</a> (born 1953), jurist and politician (CSU),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Gareis" title="Karl von Gareis">Karl von Gareis</a> (1844–1923), a lawyer and author, member of the Reichstag</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora-Eugenie_Gomringer" title="Nora-Eugenie Gomringer">Nora-Eugenie Gomringer</a> (born 1980), poet and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gottschalk" title="Thomas Gottschalk">Thomas Gottschalk</a> (born 1950), moderator, TV presenter, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukas_G%C3%B6rtler" title="Lukas Görtler">Lukas Görtler</a> (born 1994), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Grassmann" title="Hans Grassmann">Hans Grassmann</a> (born 1960), physicist and author</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Heller_(Heimatforscher)" class="extiw" title="de:Joseph Heller (Heimatforscher)">Joseph Heller</a> (1798–1849), collector, today Helleriana in Bamberg State Library</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_H%C3%B6ller" title="Karl Höller">Karl Höller</a> (1907–1987), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</a> (1770–1831), German philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a> (973–1024), Holy Roman Emperor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a> (1776–1822), German author and composer</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Jung_(Maler)" class="extiw" title="de:Joachim Jung (Maler)">Joachim Jung</a> (born 1951), artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Koch_(German_footballer)" title="Harry Koch (German footballer)">Harry Koch</a> (born 1969), football player</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz_Krapp" class="extiw" title="de:Lorenz Krapp">Lorenz Krapp</a> (1882–1947), lawyer, poet and politician (BVP, CSU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Kunzelmann" title="Dieter Kunzelmann">Dieter Kunzelmann</a> (born 1939), communard and left-wing activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lautensack" title="Paul Lautensack">Paul Lautensack</a> (1478–1558), painter and organist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L–Z"><span id="L.E2.80.93Z"></span>L–Z</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: L–Z"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marschalk_von_Ostheim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Marschalk_von_Ostheim.jpg/150px-Marschalk_von_Ostheim.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Marschalk_von_Ostheim.jpg/225px-Marschalk_von_Ostheim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Marschalk_von_Ostheim.jpg/300px-Marschalk_von_Ostheim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Emil Marschalk von Ostheim, 1903</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Maar" title="Paul Maar">Paul Maar</a> (born 1937), German writer and illustrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Marschalk_von_Ostheim" title="Emil Marschalk von Ostheim">Emil Marschalk von Ostheim</a> (1841–1903), historian and collector</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Maximilian_Joseph_in_Bavaria" title="Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria">Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria</a> (1808–1888), promoter of Bavarian folk music in the 19th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Messerschmitt" title="Willy Messerschmitt">Willy Messerschmitt</a> (1898–1978), German aircraft designer, <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt" title="Messerschmitt">Flugzeugbau Messerschmitt GmbH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Dieter_Montag" title="Wolf-Dieter Montag">Wolf-Dieter Montag</a> (1924–2018), German physician, sports medicine specialist, mountain rescue doctor, and international sports administrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Morhaubt" title="Christina Morhaubt">Christina Morhaubt</a>, convicted of witchcraft and sentenced to death by burning in 1627 during the <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_witch_trials" title="Bamberg witch trials">Bamberg witch trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_M%C3%BCnz" title="Martin Münz">Martin Münz</a> (1785–1848), anatomist and professor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Noddack" title="Ida Noddack">Ida Noddack</a>-Tacke, (1896–1978), chemist and physicist; she discovered element 75, <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Park" class="extiw" title="de:Christopher Park">Christopher Park</a> (born 1987), pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Redmann" title="Bernd Redmann">Bernd Redmann</a> (born 1965), composer and musicologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rose_(painter)" title="Mike Rose (painter)">Mike Rose</a> (1932–2006), painter, set designer and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Schaller" title="Gerd Schaller">Gerd Schaller</a> (born 1965), conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Schaller" title="Rainer Schaller">Rainer Schaller</a> (born 1969), entrepreneur and founder of <a href="/wiki/McFit" title="McFit">McFit</a> Fitness GmbH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claus_Schenk_Graf_von_Stauffenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg">Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg</a> (1907–1944), German officer who attempted to assassinate German dictator <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20_July_Plot" class="mw-redirect" title="20 July Plot">20 July Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthold_Maria_Schenk_Graf_von_Stauffenberg" title="Berthold Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg">Berthold Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg</a> (born 1934), former General of the Bundeswehr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz-Ludwig_Schenk_Graf_von_Stauffenberg" title="Franz-Ludwig Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg">Franz-Ludwig Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg</a> (born 1938), former Bavarian European parliament member</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Schmitt" title="Josef von Schmitt">Ritter Josef von Schmitt</a> (1838–1907), German noble, Court <a href="/wiki/President_(judiciary)" class="mw-redirect" title="President (judiciary)">President</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>, advisor to <a href="/wiki/Luitpold,_Prince_Regent_of_Bavaria" title="Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria">Prince Luitpold of Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privy_councilor" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy councilor">Privy councilor</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Citizen">Honorary Citizen</a> of the city of Bamberg.</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Schmitt" class="extiw" title="de:Gottfried Schmitt">Gottfried von Schmitt</a> (1827–1908), German noble, member of <a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">Supreme court</a> and member of Upper Council of <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Schmitt" title="Josef Schmitt">Josef Schmitt</a> (1875–1944), German noble and <a href="/wiki/Privy_councillor" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy councillor">Privy councillor</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Schmitt_(Reichsgerichtsrat)" class="extiw" title="de:Gottfried Schmitt (Reichsgerichtsrat)">Gottfried Schmitt</a> (1865–1919), German politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Shipp_(basketball)" title="Josh Shipp (basketball)">Josh Shipp</a> (born 1986), professional basketball player for <a href="/wiki/Brose_Baskets" class="mw-redirect" title="Brose Baskets">Brose Baskets</a> Bamberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sch%C3%BCtz" title="Tom Schütz">Tom Schütz</a> (born 1988), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sven_Schultze" title="Sven Schultze">Sven Schultze</a> (born 1978), basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karsten_Tadda" title="Karsten Tadda">Karsten Tadda</a> (born 1988), basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Borrom%C3%A4us_Thumann" title="Karl Borromäus Thumann">Karl Borromäus Thumann</a> (1820–1874), German theologian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wassermann" title="Oscar Wassermann">Oscar Wassermann</a> (1869–1934), German banker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wooten" title="Andrew Wooten">Andrew Wooten</a> (born 1989), German-American soccer player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Gottlob_Wetzel" title="Karl Friedrich Gottlob Wetzel">Karl Friedrich Gottlob Wetzel</a> (1779–1819), writer and illustrator <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4nkischer_Merkur" class="extiw" title="de:Fränkischer Merkur">Fränkischer Merkur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BambergAltesRathaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old town hall"><img alt="Old town hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/BambergAltesRathaus.jpg/90px-BambergAltesRathaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/BambergAltesRathaus.jpg/135px-BambergAltesRathaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/BambergAltesRathaus.jpg/180px-BambergAltesRathaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old town hall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg-altes-rathaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old town hall with both bridges"><img alt="Old town hall with both bridges" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bamberg-altes-rathaus.jpg/120px-Bamberg-altes-rathaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bamberg-altes-rathaus.jpg/250px-Bamberg-altes-rathaus.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old town hall with both bridges</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg_Klein-Venedig_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Close-up of "Little Venice""><img alt="Close-up of "Little Venice"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bamberg_Klein-Venedig_I.jpg/120px-Bamberg_Klein-Venedig_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bamberg_Klein-Venedig_I.jpg/180px-Bamberg_Klein-Venedig_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bamberg_Klein-Venedig_I.jpg/240px-Bamberg_Klein-Venedig_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1395" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Close-up of "Little Venice"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg_Klein_Venedig.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Little Venice""><img alt=""Little Venice"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bamberg_Klein_Venedig.jpg/120px-Bamberg_Klein_Venedig.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bamberg_Klein_Venedig.jpg/180px-Bamberg_Klein_Venedig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bamberg_Klein_Venedig.jpg/240px-Bamberg_Klein_Venedig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3382" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Little Venice"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pfarrkirche_St._Martin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Martin and Green Market"><img alt="St Martin and Green Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pfarrkirche_St._Martin.jpg/120px-Pfarrkirche_St._Martin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pfarrkirche_St._Martin.jpg/180px-Pfarrkirche_St._Martin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pfarrkirche_St._Martin.jpg/240px-Pfarrkirche_St._Martin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1217" data-file-height="879" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St Martin and Green Market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg_Neue_Residenz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neue Residenz (the "New Residence" of the prince-bishops)"><img alt="Neue Residenz (the "New Residence" of the prince-bishops)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Bamberg_Neue_Residenz.jpg/120px-Bamberg_Neue_Residenz.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Bamberg_Neue_Residenz.jpg/180px-Bamberg_Neue_Residenz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Bamberg_Neue_Residenz.jpg/240px-Bamberg_Neue_Residenz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5681" data-file-height="2629" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Neue Residenz</i> (the "New Residence" of the prince-bishops)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_Garden_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Rose Garden at the Neue Residenz"><img alt="The Rose Garden at the Neue Residenz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rose_Garden_2.JPG/120px-Rose_Garden_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rose_Garden_2.JPG/180px-Rose_Garden_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rose_Garden_2.JPG/240px-Rose_Garden_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Rose Garden at the <i>Neue Residenz</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg-NeueResidenz1-Asio.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rose Garden detail"><img alt="Rose Garden detail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bamberg-NeueResidenz1-Asio.JPG/96px-Bamberg-NeueResidenz1-Asio.JPG" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bamberg-NeueResidenz1-Asio.JPG/144px-Bamberg-NeueResidenz1-Asio.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bamberg-NeueResidenz1-Asio.JPG/192px-Bamberg-NeueResidenz1-Asio.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1498" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rose Garden detail</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg-Jakobskirche.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of St Jacob"><img alt="Church of St Jacob" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bamberg-Jakobskirche.JPG/88px-Bamberg-Jakobskirche.JPG" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bamberg-Jakobskirche.JPG/132px-Bamberg-Jakobskirche.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bamberg-Jakobskirche.JPG/177px-Bamberg-Jakobskirche.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Church of St Jacob</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamberg_Rooftops.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bamberg rooftops from the Rose Garden"><img alt="Bamberg rooftops from the Rose Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bamberg_Rooftops.JPG/90px-Bamberg_Rooftops.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bamberg_Rooftops.JPG/135px-Bamberg_Rooftops.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bamberg_Rooftops.JPG/180px-Bamberg_Rooftops.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bamberg rooftops from the Rose Garden</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Musikpavillon_Hain_Bamberg.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Music pavilion in park Hain, Bamberg"><img alt="Music pavilion in park Hain, Bamberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Musikpavillon_Hain_Bamberg.JPG/120px-Musikpavillon_Hain_Bamberg.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Musikpavillon_Hain_Bamberg.JPG/250px-Musikpavillon_Hain_Bamberg.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="3242" data-file-height="1823" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Music pavilion in park Hain, Bamberg </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_(potato)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamberg (potato)">Bamberg (potato)</a> (named after the town)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamberg Symphony Orchestra">Bamberg Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rintfleisch-Pogrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rintfleisch-Pogrom">Rintfleisch-Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/">Liste der Oberbürgermeister in den kreisfreien Städten</a>, accessed 19 July 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistikdaten.bayern.de/genesis/online?operation=result&code=12411-003r&leerzeilen=false&language=de">Genesis Online-Datenbank des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Statistik Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag</a> (Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011). </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/bamberg">"Bamberg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Bamberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fbamberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Reference-AHD-Bamberg" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Bamberg">"Bamberg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bamberg&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DBamberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Bamberg">"Bamberg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=inFranken.de&rft.atitle=Bamberg%3A+Einwohnerzahl+in+K%C3%BCrze+stark+gestiegen+-+ein+Grund+bereitet+Oberb%C3%BCrgermeister+%22Sorge%22&rft.date=2022-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infranken.de%2Flk%2Fbamberg%2Fbamberg-einwohnerzahl-in-kuerze-stark-gestiegen-ein-grund-bereitet-oberbuergermeister-sorge-art-5554475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phototravellers.de/deutschland-schoenste-fachwerkstaedte/">"Deutschland: 15 schöne Fachwerkstädte, die du sehen musst"</a>. 20 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deutschland%3A+15+sch%C3%B6ne+Fachwerkst%C3%A4dte%2C+die+du+sehen+musst&rft.date=2021-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphototravellers.de%2Fdeutschland-schoenste-fachwerkstaedte%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/624">"Town of Bamberg"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Town+of+Bamberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. 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October 2012. <q>Anfang des 17. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Witch+Persecution+at+Bamberg&rft.pub=Hanover+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.hanover.edu%2Ftexts%2Fbamberg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518135401/https://www.uni-bamberg.de/en/studies/general-information/the-university-of-bamberg-and-its-surroundings/">"The University of Bamberg and its Surroundings - Studies"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uni-bamberg.de/en/studies/general-information/the-university-of-bamberg-and-its-surroundings/">the original</a> on 18 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+University+of+Bamberg+and+its+Surroundings+-+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-bamberg.de%2Fen%2Fstudies%2Fgeneral-information%2Fthe-university-of-bamberg-and-its-surroundings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bamberg-Germany">"Bamberg | Breweries, Cathedral, Old Town | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Bamberg+%7C+Breweries%2C+Cathedral%2C+Old+Town+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBamberg-Germany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCentre" class="citation web cs1">Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/624/">"Town of Bamberg"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Town+of+Bamberg&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.aufirst=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F624%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-CMS-0000000000003678?locale=en&p=&lang=en">"Constitution of the Free State of Bavaria ("Bamberger Verfassung"), 1919"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Free+State+of+Bavaria+%28%22Bamberger+Verfassung%22%29%2C+1919&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bavarikon.de%2Fobject%2Fbav%3ABSB-CMS-0000000000003678%3Flocale%3Den%26p%3D%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>See generally</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKershaw1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Kershaw" title="Ian Kershaw">Kershaw, Ian</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitlerhubris00kers/page/274"><i>Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris</i></a></span>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitlerhubris00kers/page/274">274–78</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04671-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04671-0"><bdi>0-393-04671-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler+1889%E2%80%931936%3A+Hubris&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=274-78&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-393-04671-0&rft.aulast=Kershaw&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhitlerhubris00kers%2Fpage%2F274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span> <i>See also</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFToland1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Toland_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Toland (author)">Toland, John</a> (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adolfhitler02tola"><i>Adolf Hitler</i></a></span>. New York: Doubleday & Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">213–</span>18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-03724-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-03724-4"><bdi>0-385-03724-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adolf+Hitler&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E213-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.pub=Doubleday+%26+Company&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-385-03724-4&rft.aulast=Toland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadolfhitler02tola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.augias.net/2015/02/23/anet8166/">'Vom Krieg verschont? Das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs 1945 in Bamberg'</a> - <i>AUGIAS.net</i>, retrieved on October 2, 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdbg.eu/wiederaufbau/orte/detail/bamberg/43">'Bamberg'</a> - <i>Atlas Zum Wiederaufbau</i>, retrieved on October 2, 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt.bamberg.de/Unsere-Stadt/Bombennacht-im-Februar-1945-hallt-nach.php?object=tx,3481.6&ModID=7&FID=3481.22065.1&NavID=2730.2&La=1">'Bombennacht im Februar 1945 hallt nach'</a> - <i>Stadt Bamberg</i>, retrieved on October 2, 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historisches-forum.bayern.de/fileadmin/user_upload/historisches_forum/Texte/Archivprojekte_-_Fundus/Oberfranken/bamberg_stunde_null_01_konzeption.pdf">'Die "Stunde Null" in Bamberg Überleben und Wiederaufbau nach dem Krieg'</a> - <i>Stadtarchiv Bamberg</i>, retrieved on October 2, 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHugo2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hugo, Wolfgang (24 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-tagespost.de/leben/reisen-lebensart/bamberg-das-fraenkische-rom-art-224926">"Bamberg: Das fränkische Rom auf sieben Hügeln"</a>. <i>Die Tagespost</i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Tagespost&rft.atitle=Bamberg%3A+Das+fr%C3%A4nkische+Rom+auf+sieben+H%C3%BCgeln&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft.aulast=Hugo&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-tagespost.de%2Fleben%2Freisen-lebensart%2Fbamberg-das-fraenkische-rom-art-224926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/bamberg/valeurs/10675.html">"Climatologie de l'année 1991 à Bamberg - Infoclimat"</a>. <i>www.infoclimat.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.infoclimat.fr&rft.atitle=Climatologie+de+l%27ann%C3%A9e+1991+%C3%A0+Bamberg+-+Infoclimat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie%2Fannee%2F1991%2Fbamberg%2Fvaleurs%2F10675.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=57601&cityname=Bamberg,+Bavaria,+Germany&units=">"Bamberg, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=Bamberg%2C+Germany+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D57601%26cityname%3DBamberg%2C%2BBavaria%2C%2BGermany%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230914163729/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Bamberg_10675.csv">"Bamberg Climate Normals 1991–2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Bamberg_10675.csv">the original</a> on 14 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bamberg+Climate+Normals+1991%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FGermany%2FCSV%2FBamberg_10675.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/bamberg/valeurs/10675.html">"Climatologie de l'année à Bamberg"</a> (in French). Infoclimat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatologie+de+l%27ann%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+Bamberg&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie%2Fannee%2F1991%2Fbamberg%2Fvaleurs%2F10675.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wetterdienst.de/Deutschlandwetter/Bamberg/Klima/">"Klima Bamberg - Station Bamberg"</a>. wetterdienst.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klima+Bamberg+-+Station+Bamberg&rft.pub=wetterdienst.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wetterdienst.de%2FDeutschlandwetter%2FBamberg%2FKlima%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBamberg2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bamberg, Stadt (15 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt.bamberg.de/Unsere-Stadt/Tourismus-1-2-Millionen-%C3%9Cbernachtungen-in-Stadt-und-Land.php?ModID=7&FID=3481.21999.1&object=tx%2C3481.6.1&La=1&NavID=2730.2">"Tourismus: 1,2 Millionen Übernachtungen in Stadt und Land"</a>. <i>Stadt Bamberg</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt+Bamberg&rft.atitle=Tourismus%3A+1%2C2+Millionen+%C3%9Cbernachtungen+in+Stadt+und+Land&rft.date=2024-02-15&rft.aulast=Bamberg&rft.aufirst=Stadt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt.bamberg.de%2FUnsere-Stadt%2FTourismus-1-2-Millionen-%25C3%259Cbernachtungen-in-Stadt-und-Land.php%3FModID%3D7%26FID%3D3481.21999.1%26object%3Dtx%252C3481.6.1%26La%3D1%26NavID%3D2730.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statistik_bayern_de-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-statistik_bayern_de_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-statistik_bayern_de_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik.bayern.de/statistik/gesamtrechnungen/vgr/index.html#link_1">"Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnungen"</a>. <i>www.statistik.bayern.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.statistik.bayern.de&rft.atitle=Volkswirtschaftliche+Gesamtrechnungen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik.bayern.de%2Fstatistik%2Fgesamtrechnungen%2Fvgr%2Findex.html%23link_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBamberg" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bamberg, Stadt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt.bamberg.de/Wirtschaft/Infos-Wirtschaftsstandort/Daten-f%C3%BCr-Investoren/index.php?object=tx%2C2730.2998.1&La=1&NavID=1829.798&kuo=2&sub=0">"Basisdaten"</a>. <i>Stadt Bamberg</i> (in German). Wirtschaftsförderung Stadt Bamberg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt+Bamberg&rft.atitle=Basisdaten&rft.aulast=Bamberg&rft.aufirst=Stadt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt.bamberg.de%2FWirtschaft%2FInfos-Wirtschaftsstandort%2FDaten-f%25C3%25BCr-Investoren%2Findex.php%3Fobject%3Dtx%252C2730.2998.1%26La%3D1%26NavID%3D1829.798%26kuo%3D2%26sub%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/SiteGlobals/Forms/Suche/Einzelheftsuche_Formular.html?nn=15024&r_f=by_Bamberg&topic_f=zdf-sdi">"Einzelausgaben - Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit"</a>. <i>statistik.arbeitsagentur.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statistik.arbeitsagentur.de&rft.atitle=Einzelausgaben+-+Statistik+der+Bundesagentur+f%C3%BCr+Arbeit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistik.arbeitsagentur.de%2FSiteGlobals%2FForms%2FSuche%2FEinzelheftsuche_Formular.html%3Fnn%3D15024%26r_f%3Dby_Bamberg%26topic_f%3Dzdf-sdi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWirtschaftswoche2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wirtschaftswoche (7 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wiwo.de/unternehmen/industrie/bosch-standortsicherung-in-bamberg-ausgehandelt/25201910.html">"Bosch: Standortsicherung in Bamberg ausgehandelt"</a>. <i>www.wiwo.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wiwo.de&rft.atitle=Bosch%3A+Standortsicherung+in+Bamberg+ausgehandelt&rft.date=2019-11-07&rft.au=Wirtschaftswoche&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiwo.de%2Funternehmen%2Findustrie%2Fbosch-standortsicherung-in-bamberg-ausgehandelt%2F25201910.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rzb.de/de/unternehmen/ueber-rzb/">"Wir machen Licht. Wir denken 360° | Made in Bamberg"</a>. <i>RZB</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RZB&rft.atitle=Wir+machen+Licht.+Wir+denken+360%C2%B0+%7C+Made+in+Bamberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rzb.de%2Fde%2Funternehmen%2Fueber-rzb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFm.ziegler2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">m.ziegler (18 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bayernhafen.de/bayernhafen-bamberg-sorgt-fuer-zuverlaessige-versorgung-mit-guetern-und-wird-zukunftsfaehig-aufgestellt/">"bayernhafen Bamberg sorgt für zuverlässige Versorgung mit Gütern und wird zukunftsfähig aufgestellt"</a>. <i>bayernhafen</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bayernhafen&rft.atitle=bayernhafen+Bamberg+sorgt+f%C3%BCr+zuverl%C3%A4ssige+Versorgung+mit+G%C3%BCtern+und+wird+zukunftsf%C3%A4hig+aufgestellt&rft.date=2024-03-18&rft.au=m.ziegler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayernhafen.de%2Fbayernhafen-bamberg-sorgt-fuer-zuverlaessige-versorgung-mit-guetern-und-wird-zukunftsfaehig-aufgestellt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bam-net.de/niederlassungen/niederlassung-nuernberg-bamberg/">"Niederlassung Nürnberg / Bamberg"</a>. <i>Bayerische Asphaltmischwerke</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bayerische+Asphaltmischwerke&rft.atitle=Niederlassung+N%C3%BCrnberg+%2F+Bamberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bam-net.de%2Fniederlassungen%2Fniederlassung-nuernberg-bamberg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBamberg" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bamberg, Stadt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt.bamberg.de/B%C3%BCrgerservice/Rathaus-Service/Ortsrecht/index.php?object=tx%2C3481.686.1&La=1&NavID=1829.798&kuo=2&sub=0">"Einzelhandel"</a>. <i>Stadt Bamberg</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt+Bamberg&rft.atitle=Einzelhandel&rft.aulast=Bamberg&rft.aufirst=Stadt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt.bamberg.de%2FB%25C3%25BCrgerservice%2FRathaus-Service%2FOrtsrecht%2Findex.php%3Fobject%3Dtx%252C3481.686.1%26La%3D1%26NavID%3D1829.798%26kuo%3D2%26sub%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://welterbe.bamberg.de/en/visitor-centre">"The Visitor Centre"</a>. <i>welterbe.bamberg.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=welterbe.bamberg.de&rft.atitle=The+Visitor+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwelterbe.bamberg.de%2Fen%2Fvisitor-centre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.bamberg.info/poi/franconian_brewery_museum-4670/">"Franconian Brewery Museum"</a>. <i>Bamberger Land</i>. 19 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140831210400/http://en.bamberg.info/poi/franconian_brewery_museum-4670/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bamberger+Land&rft.atitle=Franconian+Brewery+Museum&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.bamberg.info%2Fpoi%2Ffranconian_brewery_museum-4670%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/403703/interior-of-the-cathedral-at-bamberg">"Maximilian Albert Hauschild (1810-95) - Interior of the Cathedral at Bamberg"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maximilian+Albert+Hauschild+%281810-95%29+-+Interior+of+the+Cathedral+at+Bamberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rct.uk%2Fcollection%2F403703%2Finterior-of-the-cathedral-at-bamberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201075901/http://www.onlineread.org/10-beautiful-gardens-around-world/">"The World's 10 Most Beautiful Gardens Revealed"</a>. onlineread.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onlineread.org/10-beautiful-gardens-around-world/">the original</a> on 1 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+10+Most+Beautiful+Gardens+Revealed&rft.pub=onlineread.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlineread.org%2F10-beautiful-gardens-around-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.roadstoruins.com/altenburg.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130411093159/http://www.roadstoruins.com/altenburg.htm">Archived</a> 11 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.restaurant-altenburg.de/ueberuns.cfm?site=geschichte&lang=en">"Restaurant Altenburg"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Restaurant+Altenburg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.restaurant-altenburg.de%2Fueberuns.cfm%3Fsite%3Dgeschichte%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150123065934/http://www.stripes.com/military-life/travel/bamberg-underground-tour-holds-deeper-understanding-of-city-s-history-1.63408">"Bamberg: Underground tour holds deeper understanding of city's history – Travel – Stripes"</a>. 23 January 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/military-life/travel/bamberg-underground-tour-holds-deeper-understanding-of-city-s-history-1.63408">the original</a> on 23 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bamberg%3A+Underground+tour+holds+deeper+understanding+of+city%27s+history+%E2%80%93+Travel+%E2%80%93+Stripes&rft.date=2015-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fmilitary-life%2Ftravel%2Fbamberg-underground-tour-holds-deeper-understanding-of-city-s-history-1.63408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.bamberg.info/bier/">"Bamberg and the World of Beer"</a>. <i>Bamberger Land</i>. 19 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704103122/http://en.bamberg.info/bier/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bamberger+Land&rft.atitle=Bamberg+and+the+World+of+Beer&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.bamberg.info%2Fbier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandkerwa.de/startseite/">Sandkerwa Bamberg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130823025923/http://www.sandkerwa.de/startseite/">Archived</a> 23 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infranken.de/ratgeber/genuss/bier/bockbieranstiche-termine-und-brauereien-in-bamberg-und-umland-art-4446540">"Bock Beer Tapping Around Bamberg"</a>. <i>inFranken</i>. 19 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007005224/https://www.infranken.de/ratgeber/genuss/bier/bockbieranstiche-termine-und-brauereien-in-bamberg-und-umland-art-4446540">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=inFranken&rft.atitle=Bock+Beer+Tapping+Around+Bamberg&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infranken.de%2Fratgeber%2Fgenuss%2Fbier%2Fbockbieranstiche-termine-und-brauereien-in-bamberg-und-umland-art-4446540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uni-bamberg.de/universitaet/zahlen-und-fakten/die-universitaet-bamberg-in-zahlen/">"Die Universität Bamberg in Zahlen - Über die Uni Bamberg"</a>. <i>www.uni-bamberg.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uni-bamberg.de&rft.atitle=Die+Universit%C3%A4t+Bamberg+in+Zahlen+-+%C3%9Cber+die+Uni+Bamberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-bamberg.de%2Funiversitaet%2Fzahlen-und-fakten%2Fdie-universitaet-bamberg-in-zahlen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Main-Danube-Canal">"Main-Danube Canal"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Main-Danube+Canal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FMain-Danube-Canal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/article/131319/an_era_comes_to_an_end_usag_bambergs_military_history">"An era comes to an end - USAG Bamberg's military history"</a>. 8 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+era+comes+to+an+end+-+USAG+Bamberg%27s+military+history&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mil%2Farticle%2F131319%2Fan_era_comes_to_an_end_usag_bambergs_military_history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt.bamberg.de/Unsere-Stadt/Partnerst%C3%A4dte">"Partnerstädte"</a>. <i>stadt.bamberg.de</i> (in German). Bamberg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stadt.bamberg.de&rft.atitle=Partnerst%C3%A4dte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt.bamberg.de%2FUnsere-Stadt%2FPartnerst%25C3%25A4dte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Bamberg"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Bamberg">"Bamberg" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bamberg&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamberg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=188&letter=B">"Bamberg"</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bamberg#Q3936" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Bamberg">Bamberg</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3936#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://welterbe.bamberg.de/en/">Bamberg World Heritage Office</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bamberg.info/">Official tourist website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schlenkerla.de/indexe.html">Schlenkerla Brewery website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bamberger-bier.de/">Bamberg beer, official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MMO3fvIQx8">Bamberg Tourist Guide - Youtube video</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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Bavaria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts Bavaria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_Free_State_of_Bavaria_in_Germany1112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Urban and rural districts in the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Free State of Bavaria</a> in Germany</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban<br />districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amberg" title="Amberg">Amberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansbach" title="Ansbach">Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aschaffenburg" title="Aschaffenburg">Aschaffenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayreuth" title="Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coburg" title="Coburg">Coburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof,_Bavaria" title="Hof, Bavaria">Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempten" title="Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landshut" title="Landshut">Landshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">München (<i>Munich</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nürnberg (<i>Nuremberg</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passau" title="Passau">Passau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenheim" title="Rosenheim">Rosenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwabach" title="Schwabach">Schwabach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straubing" title="Straubing">Straubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiden_in_der_Oberpfalz" title="Weiden in der Oberpfalz">Weiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural<br />districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichach-Friedberg" title="Aichach-Friedberg">Aichach-Friedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt%C3%B6tting_(district)" title="Altötting (district)">Altötting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amberg-Sulzbach" title="Amberg-Sulzbach">Amberg-Sulzbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansbach_(district)" title="Ansbach (district)">Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aschaffenburg_(district)" title="Aschaffenburg (district)">Aschaffenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_(district)" title="Augsburg (district)">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Kissingen_(district)" title="Bad Kissingen (district)">Bad Kissingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_T%C3%B6lz-Wolfratshausen" title="Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen">Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_(district)" title="Bamberg (district)">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_(district)" title="Bayreuth (district)">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berchtesgadener_Land" title="Berchtesgadener Land">Berchtesgadener Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_(district)" title="Cham (district)">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coburg_(district)" title="Coburg (district)">Coburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachau_(district)" title="Dachau (district)">Dachau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deggendorf_(district)" title="Deggendorf (district)">Deggendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillingen_(district)" title="Dillingen (district)">Dillingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingolfing-Landau" title="Dingolfing-Landau">Dingolfing-Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donau-Ries" title="Donau-Ries">Donau-Ries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebersberg_(district)" title="Ebersberg (district)">Ebersberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eichst%C3%A4tt_(district)" title="Eichstätt (district)">Eichstätt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erding_(district)" title="Erding (district)">Erding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen-H%C3%B6chstadt" title="Erlangen-Höchstadt">Erlangen-Höchstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forchheim_(district)" title="Forchheim (district)">Forchheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freising_(district)" title="Freising (district)">Freising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freyung-Grafenau" title="Freyung-Grafenau">Freyung-Grafenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrstenfeldbruck_(district)" title="Fürstenfeldbruck (district)">Fürstenfeldbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth_(district)" title="Fürth (district)">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchen_(district)" title="Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnzburg_(district)" title="Günzburg (district)">Günzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%9Fberge_(district)" title="Haßberge (district)">Haßberge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof_(district)" title="Hof (district)">Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelheim_(district)" title="Kelheim (district)">Kelheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitzingen_(district)" title="Kitzingen (district)">Kitzingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronach_(district)" title="Kronach (district)">Kronach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulmbach_(district)" title="Kulmbach (district)">Kulmbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsberg_(district)" title="Landsberg (district)">Landsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landshut_(district)" title="Landshut (district)">Landshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichtenfels_(district)" title="Lichtenfels (district)">Lichtenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau_(district)" title="Lindau (district)">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main-Spessart" title="Main-Spessart">Main-Spessart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miesbach_(district)" title="Miesbach (district)">Miesbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltenberg_(district)" title="Miltenberg (district)">Miltenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChldorf_(district)" title="Mühldorf (district)">Mühldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_(district)" title="Munich (district)">München (<i>Munich</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuburg-Schrobenhausen" title="Neuburg-Schrobenhausen">Neuburg-Schrobenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_(district)" title="Neumarkt (district)">Neumarkt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neustadt_(Aisch)-Bad_Windsheim" title="Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim">Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neustadt_an_der_Waldnaab_(district)" title="Neustadt an der Waldnaab (district)">Neustadt an der Waldnaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neu-Ulm_(district)" title="Neu-Ulm (district)">Neu-Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberger_Land" title="Nürnberger Land">Nürnberger Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberallg%C3%A4u" title="Oberallgäu">Oberallgäu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostallg%C3%A4u" title="Ostallgäu">Ostallgäu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passau_(district)" title="Passau (district)">Passau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfaffenhofen_(district)" title="Pfaffenhofen (district)">Pfaffenhofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regen_(district)" title="Regen (district)">Regen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg_(district)" title="Regensburg (district)">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B6n-Grabfeld" title="Rhön-Grabfeld">Rhön-Grabfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenheim_(district)" title="Rosenheim (district)">Rosenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roth_(district)" title="Roth (district)">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottal-Inn" title="Rottal-Inn">Rottal-Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwandorf_(district)" title="Schwandorf (district)">Schwandorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt_(district)" title="Schweinfurt (district)">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starnberg_(district)" title="Starnberg (district)">Starnberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straubing-Bogen" title="Straubing-Bogen">Straubing-Bogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirschenreuth_(district)" title="Tirschenreuth (district)">Tirschenreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traunstein_(district)" title="Traunstein (district)">Traunstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterallg%C3%A4u" title="Unterallgäu">Unterallgäu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weilheim-Schongau" title="Weilheim-Schongau">Weilheim-Schongau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenburg-Gunzenhausen" title="Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen">Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wunsiedel_(district)" title="Wunsiedel (district)">Wunsiedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_(district)" title="Würzburg (district)">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany_15px5970" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Germany"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany_15px5970" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/20px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/30px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/40px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">World Heritage Sites</span></a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Germany</span></a>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><div><i>For official site names, see each article or the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">List of World Heritage Sites in Germany</span></a>.</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Germany" title="Northern Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Northern</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADGB_Trade_Union_School" title="ADGB Trade Union School">ADGB Trade Union School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Modernism_Housing_Estates" title="Berlin Modernism Housing Estates">Berlin Modernism Housing Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_City_Hall" title="Bremen City Hall">Bremen Town Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bremen_Roland" title="Bremen Roland">Roland on the Marketplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_Factory" title="Fagus Factory">Fagus Factory in Alfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedeby" title="Hedeby">Hedeby</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Danevirke" title="Danevirke">Danevirke</a> Archaeological Border Complex</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim_Cathedral" title="Hildesheim Cathedral">St. Mary's Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Hildesheim" title="St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim">St. Michael's Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Island" title="Museum Island">Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Hanseatic City of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaces_and_Parks_of_Potsdam_and_Berlin" title="Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin">Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rammelsberg" title="Rammelsberg">Mines of Rammelsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Historic Town of Goslar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Harz_Water_Regale" title="Upper Harz Water Regale">Upper Harz Water Management System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speicherstadt" title="Speicherstadt">Speicherstadt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kontorhaus_District" title="Kontorhaus District">Kontorhaus District</a> with <a href="/wiki/Chilehaus" title="Chilehaus">Chilehaus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li>Historic Centres of <a href="/wiki/Stralsund" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Germany_(cultural_area)" title="Central Germany (cultural area)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Central</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_and_its_Sites_in_Weimar,_Dessau_and_Bernau" title="Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau">Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessau-W%C3%B6rlitz_Garden_Realm" title="Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm">Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Elbe_Valley" title="Dresden Elbe Valley">Dresden Elbe Valley</a></s> <i>(delisted in 2009)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore_Mountain_Mining_Region" title="Ore Mountain Mining Region">Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Luther Memorials in <a href="/wiki/Eisleben" title="Eisleben">Eisleben</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wittenberg" title="Wittenberg">Wittenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskau_Park" title="Muskau Park">Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naumburg_Cathedral" title="Naumburg Cathedral">Naumburg Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg" title="Quedlinburg">Collegiate Church, Castle, and Old Town of Quedlinburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartburg" title="Wartburg">Wartburg Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Weimar_(World_Heritage_Site)" title="Classical Weimar (World Heritage Site)">Classical Weimar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Western</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral" title="Aachen Cathedral">Aachen Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustusburg_and_Falkenlust_Palaces,_Br%C3%BChl" title="Augustusburg and Falkenlust Palaces, Brühl">Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he" title="Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe">Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Abbey_of_Corvey" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Abbey of Corvey">Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Germanic_Limes" title="Lower Germanic Limes">Lower Germanic Limes</a><sup><small>6</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_Gorge" title="Rhine Gorge">Upper Middle Rhine Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Monuments,_Cathedral_of_St_Peter_and_Church_of_Our_Lady_in_Trier" title="Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier">Roman Monuments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trier_Cathedral" title="Trier Cathedral">Cathedral of St. Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liebfrauenkirche,_Trier" title="Liebfrauenkirche, Trier">Church of Our Lady</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer_Cathedral" title="Speyer Cathedral">Speyer Cathedral</a></li> <li>ShUM cities of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_courtyard,_Speyer" title="Jewish courtyard, Speyer">Speyer</a>, Worms and Mainz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spa_Towns_of_Europe" title="Great Spa Towns of Europe">Great Spa Towns of Europe</a><sup><small>8</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lklingen_Ironworks" title="Völklingen Ironworks">Völklingen Ironworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollverein_Coal_Mine_Industrial_Complex" title="Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex">Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Germany" title="Southern Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Southern</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorsch_Abbey" title="Lorsch Abbey">Abbey and Altenmünster of Lorsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Architectural_Work_of_Le_Corbusier" title="The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier">The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Water_Management_System" title="Augsburg Water Management System">Augsburg Water Management System</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Town of Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_and_Ice_Age_Art_in_the_Swabian_Jura" title="Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura">Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Artists%27_Colony" title="Darmstadt Artists' Colony">Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt</a></li> <li>Frontiers of the Roman Empire in Bavaria<sup><small>7</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a>:<sup><small>3</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Limes_Germanicus" title="Limes Germanicus">Upper Germanic & Rhaetian Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulbronn_Monastery" title="Maulbronn Monastery">Maulbronn Monastery Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margravial_Opera_House" title="Margravial Opera House">Margravial Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichenau_Island" title="Reichenau Island">Monastic Island of Reichenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wieskirche" title="Wieskirche">Pilgrimage Church of Wies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_Residence" title="Würzburg Residence">Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_heritage" title="Natural heritage"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Natural</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messel_pit" class="mw-redirect" title="Messel pit">Messel Pit Fossil Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_the_Ancient_Beech_Forests_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany">Ancient Beech Forests</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a><sup><small>6</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Shared with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Czech Republic</span></a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites of Poland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Poland</span></a></li> <li><sup>3</sup> Shared with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites of the United Kingdom"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">United Kingdom</span></a></li> <li><sup>4</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">France</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Italy</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Southern_Europe" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Southern Europe"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovenia</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Switzerland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Switzerland</span></a></li> <li><sup>5</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Albania</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Belgium</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Bosnia and Herzegovina</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Bulgaria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Croatia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Czech Republic</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">France</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Italy</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">North Macedonia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Poland</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Romania</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovakia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovenia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Spain</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Switzerland</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Ukraine</span></a></li> <li><sup>6</sup> Shared with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Netherlands</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Northern_Europe" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Northern Europe"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Denmark</span></a></li> <li><sup>7</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Slovakia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Slovakia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovakia</span></a></li> <li><sup>8</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">France</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Belgium" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Belgium"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Belgium</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Czechia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Italy</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">UK</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3936#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1733" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3936#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1733" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3936#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121100869">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129007724">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgMxDwW4qpyC4RVJd4KBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4004391-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80139571">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11960901x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11960901x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bamberg (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134047&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007562073205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/84b5640d-60b3-4710-b315-c349aa754302">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02760490X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044884">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=40228">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&oldid=1281634152">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bamberg&oldid=1281634152</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Towns_in_Bavaria" title="Category:Towns in Bavaria">Towns in Bavaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bamberg" 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