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id="toc-African_Great_Lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Burundi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burundi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Burundi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burundi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rwanda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rwanda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Rwanda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rwanda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kenya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Sudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Sudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>South Sudan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanzania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanzania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Tanzania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanzania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uganda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uganda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Uganda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uganda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Central Africa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Central_Africa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Central Africa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Central_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cameroon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cameroon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cameroon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cameroon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_African_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_African_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Central African Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_African_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Chad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kanem_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanem_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Kanem Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanem_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Chad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Chad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>French Chad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Chad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_Chad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_Chad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Republic of Chad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_Chad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congo_(Republic_of)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congo_(Republic_of)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Congo (Republic of)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congo_(Republic_of)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congo_(Democratic_Republic_of)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congo_(Democratic_Republic_of)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Congo (Democratic Republic of)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congo_(Democratic_Republic_of)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equatorial_Guinea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equatorial_Guinea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Equatorial Guinea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equatorial_Guinea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gabon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gabon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Gabon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gabon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-São_Tomé_and_Príncipe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#São_Tomé_and_Príncipe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>São Tomé and Príncipe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-São_Tomé_and_Príncipe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horn_of_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horn_of_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Horn of Africa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Horn_of_Africa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Horn of Africa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Horn_of_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Djibouti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Djibouti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Djibouti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Djibouti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eritrea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eritrea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Eritrea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eritrea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italian_Eritrea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_Eritrea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Italian Eritrea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_Eritrea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_East_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_East_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Italian East Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_East_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federation_of_Ethiopia_and_Eritrea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federation_of_Ethiopia_and_Eritrea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federation_of_Ethiopia_and_Eritrea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Ethiopian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_of_Eritrea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_of_Eritrea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.6</span> <span>State of Eritrea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_of_Eritrea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Axumite_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Axumite_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Axumite Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Axumite_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Makhzumi_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makhzumi_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Makhzumi Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makhzumi_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethiopian_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopian_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Ethiopian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopian_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Somalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Somalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Somalia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Somalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ajuuraan_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ajuuraan_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Ajuuraan State</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ajuuraan_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_East_Africa_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_East_Africa_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Italian East Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_East_Africa_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Somali_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Somali_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>Somali Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Somali_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Somali_Democratic_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Somali_Democratic_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.4</span> <span>Somali Democratic Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Somali_Democratic_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Republic_of_Somalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Republic_of_Somalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.5</span> <span>Federal Republic of Somalia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Republic_of_Somalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Ocean_islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Ocean_islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Indian Ocean islands</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Indian_Ocean_islands-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Indian Ocean islands subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Indian_Ocean_islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comoros" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comoros"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Comoros</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comoros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Madagascar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madagascar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Madagascar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madagascar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mauritius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mauritius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Mauritius</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mauritius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seychelles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seychelles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Seychelles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seychelles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>North Africa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-North_Africa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle North Africa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-North_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Algeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Algeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Libya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Sudan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nubia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nubia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>Nubia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nubia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Kerma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Kerma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>Kingdom of Kerma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Kerma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egyptian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egyptian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.3</span> <span>Egyptian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egyptian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Kush" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Kush"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.4</span> <span>Kingdom of Kush</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Kush-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Makuria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Makuria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.5</span> <span>Kingdom of Makuria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Makuria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sultanate_of_Darfur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sultanate_of_Darfur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.6</span> <span>Sultanate of Darfur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sultanate_of_Darfur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egyptian_Eyalet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egyptian_Eyalet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.7</span> <span>Egyptian Eyalet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egyptian_Eyalet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khedivate_of_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khedivate_of_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.8</span> <span>Khedivate of Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khedivate_of_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.9</span> <span>Anglo-Egyptian Sudan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_the_Sudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_the_Sudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.10</span> <span>Republic of the Sudan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_the_Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_the_Sudan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_the_Sudan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.11</span> <span>Republic of the Sudan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_the_Sudan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tunisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Tunisia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tunisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Carthaginian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carthaginian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.1</span> <span>Carthaginian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carthaginian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Numidia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Numidia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.2</span> <span>Kingdom of Numidia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Numidia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Province_of_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Province_of_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.3</span> <span>Roman Province of Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Province_of_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vandal_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vandal_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.4</span> <span>Vandal Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vandal_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Praetorian_Prefecture_of_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Praetorian_Prefecture_of_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.5</span> <span>Byzantine Praetorian Prefecture of Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Praetorian_Prefecture_of_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Exarchate_of_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Exarchate_of_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.6</span> <span>Byzantine Exarchate of Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Exarchate_of_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aghlabids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aghlabids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.7</span> <span>Aghlabids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aghlabids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fatimid_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fatimid_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.8</span> <span>Fatimid Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fatimid_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Almohad_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Almohad_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.9</span> <span>Almohad Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Almohad_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayyubid_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayyubid_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.10</span> <span>Ayyubid Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayyubid_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hafsid_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hafsid_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.11</span> <span>Hafsid Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hafsid_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_Tunisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_Tunisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.12</span> <span>Ottoman Tunisia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_Tunisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Protectorate_of_Tunisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Protectorate_of_Tunisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.13</span> <span>French Protectorate of Tunisia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Protectorate_of_Tunisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Tunisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Tunisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.14</span> <span>Kingdom of Tunisia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Tunisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_Tunisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_Tunisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.15</span> <span>Republic of Tunisia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_Tunisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Southern Africa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Southern_Africa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Southern Africa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Southern_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Angola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Angola</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lesotho" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lesotho"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Lesotho</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lesotho-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malawi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malawi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Malawi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malawi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mozambique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mozambique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Mozambique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mozambique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namibia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namibia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Namibia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namibia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eswatini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eswatini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Eswatini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eswatini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zambia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zambia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Zambia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zambia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zimbabwe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zimbabwe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>Zimbabwe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zimbabwe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>West Africa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-West_Africa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle West Africa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-West_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Benin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Benin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burkina_Faso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burkina_Faso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Burkina Faso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burkina_Faso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Côte_d'Ivoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Côte_d'Ivoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Côte d'Ivoire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Côte_d'Ivoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gambia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gambia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Gambia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gambia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ghana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ghana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Ghana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ghana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guinea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guinea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Guinea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guinea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guinea-Bissau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guinea-Bissau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Guinea-Bissau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guinea-Bissau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Liberia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.9</span> <span>Mali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mauritania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mauritania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10</span> <span>Mauritania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mauritania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.11</span> <span>Niger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.12</span> <span>Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senegal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senegal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.13</span> <span>Senegal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senegal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sierra_Leone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sierra_Leone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.14</span> <span>Sierra Leone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sierra_Leone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Togo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Togo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.15</span> <span>Togo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Togo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chronological_list_of_wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronological_list_of_wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Chronological list of wars</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chronological_list_of_wars-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chronological list of wars subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chronological_list_of_wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of conflicts in Africa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Konflikten_in_Afrika" title="Liste von Konflikten in Afrika – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste von Konflikten in Afrika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflitti_armati_in_Africa" title="Conflitti armati in Africa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conflitti armati in Africa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orodha_ya_migogoro_barani_Afrika" title="Orodha ya migogoro barani Afrika – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Orodha ya migogoro barani Afrika" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%81%AE%E7%B4%9B%E4%BA%89%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7" title="アフリカの紛争一覧 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アフリカの紛争一覧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_conflitos_na_%C3%81frica" title="Lista de conflitos na África – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de conflitos na África" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Проект:История/Списки/Список войн в Африке – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Проект:История/Списки/Список войн в Африке" data-language-autonym="Русский" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Ongoing_Conflicts_in_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Map_of_Ongoing_Conflicts_in_Africa.svg/250px-Map_of_Ongoing_Conflicts_in_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Map_of_Ongoing_Conflicts_in_Africa.svg/375px-Map_of_Ongoing_Conflicts_in_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Map_of_Ongoing_Conflicts_in_Africa.svg/500px-Map_of_Ongoing_Conflicts_in_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Continental map of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">ongoing conflicts</a> in Africa</figcaption></figure> <p>This is a <b>list of conflicts in Africa</b> arranged by country, both on the continent and associated islands, including wars between African nations, civil wars, and wars involving non-African nations that took place within Africa. It encompasses pre-colonial wars, colonial wars, wars of independence, secessionist and separatist conflicts, major episodes of national violence (riots, massacres, etc.), and global conflicts in which Africa was a theatre of war. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="African_Great_Lakes"><a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: African Great Lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burundi"><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Burundi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>October 18 – 19, 1965 <a href="/wiki/1965_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="1965 Burundian coup attempt">1965 Burundian coup attempt</a></li> <li>July 8, 1966 <a href="/wiki/July_1966_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="July 1966 Burundian coup d'état">July 1966 Burundian coup d'état</a></li> <li>November 28, 1966 <a href="/wiki/November_1966_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="November 1966 Burundian coup d'état">November 1966 Burundian coup d'état</a></li> <li>1972 <a href="/wiki/Ikiza" title="Ikiza">Burundi genocide</a></li> <li>November 1, 1976 <a href="/wiki/1976_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Burundian coup d'état">1976 Burundian coup d'état</a></li> <li>September 3, 1987 <a href="/wiki/1987_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Burundian coup d'état">1987 Burundian coup d'état</a></li> <li>1993 – 2005 <a href="/wiki/Burundi_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Burundi Civil War">Burundi Civil War</a> <ul><li>October 21 – November 1993 <a href="/wiki/1993_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="1993 Burundian coup attempt">1993 Burundian coup attempt</a></li> <li>July 25, 1996 <a href="/wiki/1996_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1996 Burundian coup d'état">1996 Burundian coup d'état</a></li> <li>December 28, 2000 <a href="/wiki/Titanic_Express_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Titanic Express Massacre">Titanic Express Massacre</a></li> <li>April 18, 2001 <a href="/wiki/2001_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="2001 Burundian coup attempt">2001 Burundian coup attempt</a></li> <li>September 9, 2002 <a href="/wiki/Itaba_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Itaba Massacre">Itaba Massacre</a></li> <li>August 13, 2004 <a href="/wiki/Gatumba" title="Gatumba">Gatumba Massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015–2018 <a href="/wiki/Burundian_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="Burundian unrest">Burundian unrest</a> <ul><li>May 13 – 15, 2015 <a href="/wiki/2015_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="2015 Burundian coup attempt">2015 Burundian coup attempt</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rwanda"><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rwanda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1896 <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%89tat_de_Rucunshu" class="extiw" title="fr:Coup d'État de Rucunshu">Rucunshu Coup</a></li> <li>November 1, 1959 – July 1, 1961 <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Revolution" title="Rwandan Revolution">Rwandan Revolution</a></li> <li>January 28, 1961 <a href="/wiki/Coup_of_Gitarama" title="Coup of Gitarama">Coup of Gitarama</a></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/Bugesera_invasion" title="Bugesera invasion">Bugesera invasion</a></li> <li>July 5, 1973 <a href="/wiki/1973_Rwandan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Rwandan coup d'état">1973 Rwandan coup d'état</a></li> <li>1990 – 1994 <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Civil_War" title="Rwandan Civil War">Rwandan Civil War</a> <ul><li>April 7, 1994 – July 15, 1994 <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwandan genocide</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kenya"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kenya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>August 3, 1914 – November 1918 <a href="/wiki/East_African_Campaign_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="East African Campaign (World War I)">East African Campaign (World War I)</a></li> <li>June 10, 1940 – November 27, 1941 <a href="/wiki/East_African_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="East African Campaign (World War II)">East African Campaign (World War II)</a></li> <li>1952 – 1960 <a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Mau Mau Uprising">Mau Mau Uprising</a></li> <li>1963 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Somali%E2%80%93Kenyan_conflict" title="Somali–Kenyan conflict">Somali–Kenyan conflict</a></li> <li>1963 – 1967 <a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li>October 25, 1969 <a href="/wiki/Kisumu_massacre" title="Kisumu massacre">Kisumu massacre</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/Garissa_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Garissa Massacre">Garissa Massacre</a></li> <li>August 1, 1982 <a href="/wiki/1982_Kenyan_coup_attempt" title="1982 Kenyan coup attempt">1982 Kenyan coup attempt</a></li> <li>February 10, 1984 <a href="/wiki/Wagalla_massacre" title="Wagalla massacre">Wagalla massacre</a></li> <li>1987 – 1990 <a href="/wiki/Kenyan-Ugandan_border_conflict" title="Kenyan-Ugandan border conflict">Kenyan-Ugandan border conflict</a></li> <li>1998 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Kenya" title="Terrorism in Kenya">Terrorism in Kenya</a> <ul><li>September 21 – 24, 2013 <a href="/wiki/Westgate_shopping_mall_attack" title="Westgate shopping mall attack">Westgate shopping mall attack</a></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Turbi_Village_Massacre,_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbi Village Massacre, Kenya">Turbi Village Massacre</a></li> <li>2005 – 2008 <a href="/wiki/Mount_Elgon_insurgency" title="Mount Elgon insurgency">Mount Elgon insurgency</a></li> <li>August 22, 2012 <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Tana_River_District_clashes" title="2012–2013 Tana River District clashes">2012–2013 Tana River District clashes</a></li> <li>November 2012 <a href="/wiki/Baragoi_clashes" title="Baragoi clashes">Baragoi clashes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Sudan"><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: South Sudan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1955 – 1972 <a href="/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="First Sudanese Civil War">First Sudanese Civil War</a> <ul><li>August 18–30, 1955 <a href="/wiki/Torit_mutiny" title="Torit mutiny">Torit mutiny</a></li></ul></li> <li>1983 – 2005 <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> <ul><li>9 March – April 1997 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Thunderbolt_(1997)" title="Operation Thunderbolt (1997)">Operation Thunderbolt (1997)</a></li> <li>June 2000 – August 2001 <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Peters" title="War of the Peters">War of the Peters</a></li></ul></li> <li>1987 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li>2005 – 2006 <a href="/wiki/Disarmament_of_the_Lou_Nuer" title="Disarmament of the Lou Nuer">Disarmament of the Lou Nuer</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malakal" title="Battle of Malakal">Battle of Malakal</a></li> <li>2008 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a></li> <li>2010 – 2011 <a href="/wiki/George_Athor%27s_rebellion" title="George Athor's rebellion">George Athor's rebellion</a></li> <li>2008 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a> <ul><li>2011 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan (2011–present)">Ethnic violence in South Sudan (2011–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 – 2020 <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a></li> <li>2013 – 2020 <a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">South Sudanese Civil War</a></li> <li>2022– <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Abyei_border_conflict_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Abyei border conflict (2022–present)">Abyei border conflict (2022–present)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tanzania"><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tanzania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li>1964 <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Revolution" title="Zanzibar Revolution">Zanzibar Revolution</a></li> <li>1972 <a href="/wiki/1972_invasion_of_Uganda" title="1972 invasion of Uganda">1972 invasion of Uganda</a></li> <li>1978 – 1979 <a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uganda"><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uganda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Mengo_Crisis" title="Mengo Crisis">Mengo Crisis</a></li> <li>January 25, 1971 <a href="/wiki/1971_Ugandan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Ugandan coup d'état">1971 Ugandan coup d'état</a></li> <li>1972 <a href="/wiki/1972_invasion_of_Uganda" title="1972 invasion of Uganda">1972 invasion of Uganda</a></li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Arube_uprising" title="Arube uprising">Arube uprising</a></li> <li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Entebbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Entebbe">Operation Entebbe</a></li> <li>1977 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mafuta_Mingi" title="Operation Mafuta Mingi">Operation Mafuta Mingi</a></li> <li>1977 <a href="/wiki/1977_invasion_of_Uganda" title="1977 invasion of Uganda">1977 invasion of Uganda</a></li> <li>1978 – 1979 <a href="/wiki/Uganda-Tanzania_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda-Tanzania War">Uganda-Tanzania War</a> <ul><li>April 11, 1979 <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kampala" title="Fall of Kampala">Fall of Kampala</a></li></ul></li> <li>1980 – 1986 <a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a> <ul><li>July 27, 1985 <a href="/wiki/1985_Ugandan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1985 Ugandan coup d'état">1985 Ugandan coup d'état</a></li> <li>January 26, 1986 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kampala" title="Battle of Kampala">Battle of Kampala</a></li></ul></li> <li>1986 – 1994 <a href="/wiki/War_in_Uganda_(1986-1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Uganda (1986-1994)">War in Uganda (1986-1994)</a></li> <li>1987 – 1990 <a href="/wiki/Kenyan-Ugandan_border_conflict" title="Kenyan-Ugandan border conflict">Kenyan-Ugandan border conflict</a></li> <li>1987 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li>1996 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a></li> <li>1996 – 2002 <a href="/wiki/Uganda_National_Rescue_Front#UNRF_II" title="Uganda National Rescue Front">UNRF II insurgency</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/Kasese_clashes" title="Kasese clashes">Kasese clashes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Central_Africa"><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Central Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cameroon"><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cameroon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1804–1808 <a href="/wiki/Fulani_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani War">Fulani War</a></li> <li>1835–1836 <a href="/wiki/Fula_jihads" title="Fula jihads">Fula jihads</a></li> <li>July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li>September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945 <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li>1955 – 1964 <a href="/wiki/Cameroon_War" title="Cameroon War">Cameroon War</a></li> <li>1981 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Bakassi_conflict" title="Bakassi conflict">Bakassi conflict</a> <ul><li>1981 – 2005 <a href="/wiki/Bakassi_conflict#Cameroonian-Nigerian_border_conflict" title="Bakassi conflict">Nigerian-Cameroonian conflict over Bakassi</a></li> <li>2006 – 2018 <a href="/wiki/Bakassi_conflict#First_insurgency" title="Bakassi conflict">First Bakassi insurgency</a></li> <li>2021 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Bakassi_conflict#Pro-Biafra_insurgency" title="Bakassi conflict">Pro-Biafran insurgency in Bakassi</a></li></ul></li> <li>6 February 2007 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a> <ul><li>2009 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> <ul><li>23 January – 24 December 2015 <a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">2015 West African offensive</a></li> <li>November 2018 – February 2020 <a href="/wiki/Chad_Basin_campaign_(2018%E2%80%932020)" title="Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)">Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>2017 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis</a> <ul><li>July 3, 2018 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batibo" title="Battle of Batibo">Battle of Batibo</a></li> <li>July 28, 2018 <a href="/wiki/Ndop_prison_break" title="Ndop prison break">Ndop prison break</a></li> <li>September 25, 2018 <a href="/wiki/Wum_prison_break" title="Wum prison break">Wum prison break</a></li> <li>26 April – May 1, 2020 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Free_Bafut" title="Operation Free Bafut">Operation Free Bafut</a></li> <li>8 September 2020 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bamenda_Clean" title="Operation Bamenda Clean">Operation Bamenda Clean</a></li> <li>May – June 2021 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bui_Clean" title="Operation Bui Clean">Operation Bui Clean</a></li> <li>September 16, 2021 <a href="/wiki/September_2021_Bamessing_ambush" title="September 2021 Bamessing ambush">September 2021 Bamessing ambush</a></li> <li>July 31, 2022 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bambui" title="Battle of Bambui">Battle of Bambui</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_African_Republic"><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Central African Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1928–1931 <a href="/wiki/Kongo-Wara_rebellion" title="Kongo-Wara rebellion">Kongo-Wara rebellion</a></li> <li>December, 31 1965 – January, 1 1966 <a href="/wiki/Saint-Sylvestre_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état">Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état</a></li> <li>September 21, 1979 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Caban" title="Operation Caban">1979 Central African coup d'état</a></li> <li>September 1, 1981 <a href="/wiki/1981_Central_African_Republic_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1981 Central African Republic coup d'état">1981 Central African Republic coup d'état</a></li> <li>March 3, 1982 <a href="/wiki/1982_Central_African_Republic_coup_attempt" title="1982 Central African Republic coup attempt">1982 Central African Republic coup attempt</a></li> <li>1987 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li>May 27 – 28, 2001 <a href="/wiki/2001_Central_African_Republic_coup_attempt" title="2001 Central African Republic coup attempt">2001 Central African Republic coup attempt</a></li> <li>October 25 – 31, 2002 <a href="/wiki/2002_Central_African_Republic_coup_attempt" title="2002 Central African Republic coup attempt">2002 Central African Republic coup attempt</a></li> <li>March 15, 2003 <a href="/wiki/2003_Central_African_Republic_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2003 Central African Republic coup d'état">2003 Central African Republic coup d'état</a></li> <li>2004 – 2007 <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Bush_War" title="Central African Republic Bush War">Central African Republic Bush War</a></li> <li>2012 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War_(2012%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present)">Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present)</a> <ul><li>March 22 – 23, 2013 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bangui_(2013)" title="Battle of Bangui (2013)">Battle of Bangui (2013)</a></li> <li>13 April 2013 – 10 January 2014 <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_conflict_under_the_Djotodia_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Central African Republic conflict under the Djotodia administration">Central African Republic conflict under the Djotodia administration</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chad"><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Chad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kanem_Empire"><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Kanem Empire</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Kanem Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1203–1243 <a href="/wiki/Dunama_Dabbalemi" title="Dunama Dabbalemi">Dunama Dabbalemi</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Sayfawa_dynasty" title="Sayfawa dynasty">Sayfawa dynasty</a>, mai of the <a href="/wiki/Kanem_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanem Empire">Kanem Empire</a>, declared <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a> against the surrounding tribes and initiated an extended period of conquest</li> <li>c. 1342 – c. 1388 Fall of Kanem <ul><li>c. 1342 – c. 1352 Sao Resurgence</li> <li>c. 1376 – c. 1388 Bulala Invasion</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="French_Chad"><a href="/wiki/French_Chad" title="French Chad">French Chad</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: French Chad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1909–1911 Ouaddai War</li> <li>1915 – 15 November 1917 Massacre des coupes-coupes (in Arabic: Kabkab Massacre, مجزرة كبكب)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Republic_of_Chad"><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Republic of Chad</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Republic of Chad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1 November 1965 <a href="/wiki/Mangalm%C3%A9_riots" title="Mangalmé riots">Mangalmé riots</a></li> <li>1965 – 1979 <a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(1965%E2%80%931979)" title="Chadian Civil War (1965–1979)">Chadian Civil War (1965–1979)</a></li> <li>1978 – 1987 <a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Chadian–Libyan conflict">Chadian–Libyan conflict</a> <ul><li>1983 – 1984 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Manta" title="Operation Manta">Operation Manta</a></li> <li>February 13, 1986 – August 1, 2014 <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_%C3%89pervier" class="mw-redirect" title="Opération Épervier">Opération Épervier</a></li> <li>1986 – 1987 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li></ul></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Nigerian_War" title="Chadian–Nigerian War">Chadian–Nigerian War</a></li> <li>December 2 – 3, 1990 <a href="/wiki/1990_Chadian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Chadian coup d'état">1990 Chadian coup d'état</a></li> <li>2002 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a> <ul><li>6 February 2007 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a></li></ul></li> <li>May 16, 2004 <a href="/wiki/2004_Chadian_coup_attempt" title="2004 Chadian coup attempt">2004 Chadian coup attempt</a></li> <li>2005 – 2010 <a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)">War in Chad</a> <ul><li>18 December 2005 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adr%C3%A9" title="Battle of Adré">Battle of Adré</a></li> <li>6 January 2006 <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Borota" title="Raid on Borota">Raid on Borota</a></li> <li>6 March 2006 <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Amdjereme" title="Raid on Amdjereme">Raid on Amdjereme</a></li> <li>13 April 2006 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%27Djamena_(2006)" title="Battle of N'Djamena (2006)">Battle of N'Djamena (2006)</a></li> <li>1 May 2006 <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dalola" title="Raid on Dalola">Raid on Dalola</a></li> <li>2–4 February 2008 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%27Djamena_(2008)" title="Battle of N'Djamena (2008)">Battle of N'Djamena (2008)</a></li> <li>18 June 2008 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Am_Zoer" title="Battle of Am Zoer">Battle of Am Zoer</a></li> <li>7 May 2009 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Am_Dam" title="Battle of Am Dam">Battle of Am Dam</a></li> <li>24–28 April 2010 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tamassi" title="Battle of Tamassi">Battle of Tamassi</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> <ul><li>23 January – 24 December 2015 <a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">2015 West African offensive</a></li> <li>November 2018 – February 2020 <a href="/wiki/Chad_Basin_campaign_(2018%E2%80%932020)" title="Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)">Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)</a></li></ul></li> <li>May 1, 2013 <a href="/wiki/2013_Chadian_coup_attempt" title="2013 Chadian coup attempt">2013 Chadian coup attempt</a></li> <li>2016 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Chad_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in Chad (2016–present)">Insurgency in Chad (2016–present)</a> <ul><li>April 11 – May 9, 2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Northern_Chad_offensive" title="2021 Northern Chad offensive">2021 Northern Chad offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congo_(Republic_of)"><span id="Congo_.28Republic_of.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Congo">Congo (Republic of)</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Congo (Republic of)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1665–1709 <a href="/wiki/Kongo_Civil_War" title="Kongo Civil War">Kongo Civil War</a></li> <li>June 27 – July 6, 1966 <a href="/wiki/1966_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="1966 Republic of the Congo coup attempt">1966 Republic of the Congo coup attempt</a></li> <li>September 4, 1968 <a href="/wiki/1968_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Republic of the Congo coup d'état">1968 Republic of the Congo coup d'état</a></li> <li>February 22, 1972 <a href="/wiki/1972_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="1972 Republic of the Congo coup attempt">1972 Republic of the Congo coup attempt</a></li> <li>July – September 1987 <a href="/wiki/1987_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="1987 Republic of the Congo coup attempt">1987 Republic of the Congo coup attempt</a></li> <li>1993 – 1994 <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1993%E2%80%9394)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–94)">Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–94)</a></li> <li>1997 – 1999 <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1997%E2%80%931999)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)">Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)</a></li> <li>2002 – 2003 <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932003_conflict_in_the_Pool_Department" title="2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department">2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department</a></li> <li>2016 – 2017 <a href="/wiki/Pool_War" title="Pool War">Pool War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congo_(Democratic_Republic_of)"><span id="Congo_.28Democratic_Republic_of.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Congo (Democratic Republic of)</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Congo (Democratic Republic of)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of conflicts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">List of conflicts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></div> <ul><li>1892–1894 <a href="/wiki/Congo%E2%80%93Arab_war" title="Congo–Arab war">Congo–Arab war</a></li> <li>1895–1908 <a href="/wiki/Batetela_rebellion" title="Batetela rebellion">Batetela rebellion</a></li> <li>28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918 <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li>1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945 <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li>1960 – 1965 <a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a> <ul><li>September 14, 1960 <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Lumumba_Government#Mobutu's_coup" title="Dissolution of the Lumumba Government">First Mobutu coup d'état</a></li> <li>1963 – 1965 <a href="/wiki/Kwilu_rebellion" title="Kwilu rebellion">Kwilu rebellion</a></li> <li>1963 – 1965 <a href="/wiki/Simba_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Simba Rebellion">Simba Rebellion</a></li> <li>1963 – 1966 <a href="/wiki/Kanyarwanda_War" title="Kanyarwanda War">Kanyarwanda War</a></li> <li>November 25, 1965 <a href="/wiki/Second_Mobutu_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Second Mobutu coup d'état">Second Mobutu coup d'état</a></li></ul></li> <li>1960 – 1962 <a href="/wiki/South_Kasai" title="South Kasai">South Kasai</a>'s secession <ul><li>August – September 1960 <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_South_Kasai" title="Invasion of South Kasai">Invasion of South Kasai</a></li> <li>September – October 1962 <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_South_Kasai" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup d'état of South Kasai">Coup d'état of South Kasai</a></li></ul></li> <li>1963 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Katanga_insurgency" title="Katanga insurgency">Katanga insurgency</a></li> <li>1966 - 1967 <a href="/wiki/Stanleyville_mutinies" title="Stanleyville mutinies">Stanleyville mutinies</a></li> <li>1977 <a href="/wiki/Shaba_I" title="Shaba I">Shaba I</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/Shaba_II" title="Shaba II">Shaba II</a></li> <li>1987 — <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li>September — October 1991 <a href="/wiki/1991_Zaire_unrest" title="1991 Zaire unrest">1991 Zaire unrest</a></li> <li>November 13, 1996 — <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a></li> <li>1996 – 1997 <a href="/wiki/First_Congo_War" title="First Congo War">First Congo War</a> <ul><li>October 1996 – May 1997 <a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Hutus_during_the_First_Congo_War" title="Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War">Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War</a></li> <li>April 9, 1997 <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Lubumbashi" title="Capture of Lubumbashi">Capture of Lubumbashi</a></li> <li>March 13 – 15, 1997 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kinsangani_(1997)" title="Battle of Kinsangani (1997)">Battle of Kinsangani (1997)</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998 – 2003 <a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.png/220px-Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.png/330px-Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.png/440px-Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1526" data-file-height="1444" /></a><figcaption>Belligerents of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>August 4 – 30, 1998 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Kitona" title="Operation Kitona">Operation Kitona</a></li> <li>June 5 – 10, 2000 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War_(2000)" title="Six-Day War (2000)">Six-Day War (2000)</a></li> <li>October 2002 – January 2003 <a href="/wiki/Effacer_le_tableau" title="Effacer le tableau">Effacer le tableau</a></li></ul></li> <li>1999 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Ituri_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Ituri Conflict">Ituri Conflict</a></li> <li>2004 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Kivu_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Kivu Conflict">Kivu Conflict</a> <ul><li>26 October 2008 – 23 March 2009 <a href="/wiki/2008_Nord-Kivu_campaign" title="2008 Nord-Kivu campaign">2008 Nord-Kivu campaign</a></li> <li>20 January 2009 – 27 February 2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Eastern_Congo_offensive" title="2009 Eastern Congo offensive">2009 Eastern Congo offensive</a></li> <li>4 April 2012 – 7 November 2013 <a href="/wiki/M23_rebellion" title="M23 rebellion">M23 rebellion</a></li> <li>June 30 – August 10, 2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_North_Kivu_offensive" title="2014 North Kivu offensive">2014 North Kivu offensive</a></li> <li>June 1, 2017 – December 26, 2017 <a href="/wiki/2017_CNPSC_offensive" title="2017 CNPSC offensive">2017 CNPSC offensive</a></li> <li>March 27, 2022 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">M23 offensive (2022–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li>June 11, 2004 <a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="2004 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt">2004 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/Dongo_conflict" title="Dongo conflict">Dongo conflict</a></li> <li>February 27, 2011 <a href="/wiki/2011_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="2011 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt">2011 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt</a></li> <li>2013 – 2018 <a href="/wiki/Batwa-Luba_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Batwa-Luba clashes">Batwa-Luba clashes</a></li> <li>December 30, 2013 <a href="/wiki/December_2013_Kinshasa_attacks" title="December 2013 Kinshasa attacks">December 2013 Kinshasa attacks</a></li> <li>2016 – 2019 <a href="/wiki/Kamwina_Nsapu_rebellion" title="Kamwina Nsapu rebellion">Kamwina Nsapu rebellion</a></li> <li>February 8, 2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_allegations" title="2022 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup d'état allegations">2022 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup d'état allegations</a></li> <li>2022 – present <a href="/wiki/Western_DR_Congo_clashes" title="Western DR Congo clashes">Western DR Congo clashes</a></li> <li>May 19, 2024 <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt">2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equatorial_Guinea"><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Equatorial Guinea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>3–18 August 1979 <a href="/wiki/1979_Equatorial_Guinea_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1979 Equatorial Guinea coup d'état">1979 Equatorial Guinea coup d'état</a></li> <li>7 March 2004 <a href="/wiki/2004_Equatorial_Guinea_coup_attempt" title="2004 Equatorial Guinea coup attempt">2004 Equatorial Guinea coup attempt</a></li> <li>December 2017 <a href="/wiki/2017_Equatorial_Guinea_coup_attempt" title="2017 Equatorial Guinea coup attempt">2017 Equatorial Guinea coup attempt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gabon"><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gabon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February 17 – 19, 1964 <a href="/wiki/1964_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Gabonese coup d'état">1964 Gabonese coup d'état</a></li> <li>January 7, 2019 <a href="/wiki/2019_Gabonese_coup_attempt" title="2019 Gabonese coup attempt">2019 Gabonese coup attempt</a></li> <li>August 30, 2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Gabonese coup d'état">2023 Gabonese coup d'état</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="São_Tomé_and_Príncipe"><span id="S.C3.A3o_Tom.C3.A9_and_Pr.C3.ADncipe"></span><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: São Tomé and Príncipe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February 3, 1953 <a href="/wiki/Batep%C3%A1_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Batepá Massacre">Batepá Massacre</a></li> <li>March 8, 1988 <a href="/wiki/1988_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="1988 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">1988 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt</a></li> <li>August 15 – 22, 1995 <a href="/wiki/1995_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="1995 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">1995 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt</a></li> <li>July 16 – 23, 2003 <a href="/wiki/2003_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="2003 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">2003 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt</a></li> <li>November 24 – 25, 2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="2022 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">2022 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Horn_of_Africa"><a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Horn of Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Conflicts_in_the_Horn_of_Africa" title="Conflicts in the Horn of Africa">Conflicts in the Horn of Africa</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Djibouti"><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Djibouti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1991 – 1994 <a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_Civil_War" title="Djiboutian Civil War">Djiboutian Civil War</a></li> <li>1994 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Front_for_the_Restoration_of_Unity_and_Democracy#Insurgency_by_FRUD-C" title="Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy">FRUD insurgency</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Djiboutian%E2%80%93Eritrean_border_conflict" title="Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict">Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eritrea"><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Eritrea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italian_Eritrea"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Eritrea" title="Italian Eritrea">Italian Eritrea</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Italian Eritrea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1895–1896 <a href="/wiki/First_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="First Italo-Ethiopian War">First Italo-Ethiopia War</a> <ul><li>13 January 1895 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Coatit" title="Battle of Coatit">Battle of Coatit</a></li></ul></li> <li>3 October 1935 – May 1936 <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a> <ul><li>3 October 1935 – December 1935 <a href="/wiki/De_Bono%27s_invasion_of_Abyssinia" class="mw-redirect" title="De Bono's invasion of Abyssinia">De Bono's invasion of Abyssinia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italian_East_Africa"><a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian East Africa</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Italian East Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>10 June 1940 – 27 November 1941 <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li>10 June 1940 – 2 May 1945 <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East theatre</a> <ul><li>10 June 1940 – 27 November 1941 <a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African Campaign</a> <ul><li>5 February 1941 – 1 April 1941 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Keren" title="Battle of Keren">Battle of Keren</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federation_of_Ethiopia_and_Eritrea"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Ethiopia_and_Eritrea" title="Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea">Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1961 – 1991 <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a> <ul><li>1 September 1991 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adal" title="Battle of Adal">Battle of Adal</a></li> <li>17 September 1976 - 22 March 1977 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nakfa" title="Siege of Nakfa">Siege of Nakfa</a></li> <li>1977 – 1978 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Massawa_(1977)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Massawa (1977)">Battle of Massawa (1977)</a></li> <li>September 1977 - August 1978 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Barentu" title="Siege of Barentu">Siege of Barentu</a></li> <li>15 February – 5 July 1982 <a href="/wiki/Red_Star_Campaign" title="Red Star Campaign">Red Star Campaign</a></li> <li>17–20 March 1988 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Afabet" title="Battle of Afabet">Battle of Afabet</a></li> <li>8–17 February 1990 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Massawa_(1990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Massawa (1990)">Battle of Massawa (1990)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethiopian_Empire"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Ethiopian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February 1972 – 13 October 1974 <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">First Eritrean Civil War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia"><a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February 1980 – 24 March 1981 <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Second Eritrean Civil War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="State_of_Eritrea"><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">State of Eritrea</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: State of Eritrea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1995 – 2018 <a href="/wiki/Second_Afar_insurgency" title="Second Afar insurgency">Second Afar insurgency</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Hanish_Islands_conflict" title="Hanish Islands conflict">Hanish Islands conflict</a></li> <li>1998 – 2018 <a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict</a> <ul><li>1998 – 2000 <a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">Eritrean–Ethiopian War</a> <ul><li>6 May – 17 June 1998 <a href="/wiki/1998_Eritrean_offensive_into_Ethiopia" title="1998 Eritrean offensive into Ethiopia">1998 Eritrean offensive into Ethiopia</a></li> <li>February 1999 <a href="/wiki/February_1999_Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_aerial_clashes" title="February 1999 Eritrean–Ethiopian aerial clashes">February 1999 Eritrean–Ethiopian aerial clashes</a></li> <li>May 29, 2000 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Aider" title="Operation Aider">Operation Aider</a></li></ul></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010_Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_skirmish" title="2010 Eritrean–Ethiopian border skirmish">2010 Eritrean–Ethiopian border skirmish</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tsorona" title="Battle of Tsorona">Battle of Tsorona</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Djiboutian%E2%80%93Eritrean_border_conflict" title="Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict">Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict</a></li> <li>21 January 2013 <a href="/wiki/2013_Eritrean_Army_mutiny" title="2013 Eritrean Army mutiny">2013 Eritrean Army mutiny</a></li> <li>2020 – 2022 <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethiopia"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Ethiopia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Axumite_Empire"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Axumite Empire</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Axumite Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>c. 300 CE <a href="/wiki/Ezana_of_Axum" title="Ezana of Axum">Ezana of Axum</a> is said to have launched several military campaigns and destroyed the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kingdom of Kush</a></li> <li>525 Conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Himyarite_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Himyarite Kingdom">Himyarite Kingdom</a> by Axum</li> <li>570–578 <a href="/wiki/Aksumite%E2%80%93Persian_wars" title="Aksumite–Persian wars">Aksumite-Persian wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hadhramaut" title="Battle of Hadhramaut">Battle of Hadhramaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sanaa_(570)" title="Siege of Sanaa (570)">Siege of Sanaa (570)</a></li></ul></li> <li>c. 900 King of Aksum <a href="/wiki/Degna_Djan" title="Degna Djan">Degna Djan</a> led military expeditions as far south as <a href="/wiki/Ennarea" title="Ennarea">Ennarea</a></li> <li>c. 960 Axumite Empire is said to have been destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Gudit" title="Gudit">Gudit</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Simien" title="Kingdom of Simien">Kingdom of Simien</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makhzumi_Dynasty"><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Showa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Showa">Makhzumi Dynasty</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Makhzumi Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>c. 1270 Makhzumi Sultan assisted <a href="/wiki/Yekuno_Amlak" title="Yekuno Amlak">Yekuno Amlak</a> rebellion against <a href="/wiki/Zagwe_dynasty" title="Zagwe dynasty">Zagwe dynasty</a></li> <li>c. 1285 the Conquest of Makhzumi by the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ifat" title="Sultanate of Ifat">Ifat Sultanate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethiopian_Empire_2"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Ethiopian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1314–1344 Conquests of the Emperor Amda Seyon I <ul><li>c. 1316 Early military actions <ul><li>c. 1316 Emperor <a href="/wiki/Amda_Seyon_I" title="Amda Seyon I">Amda Seyon I</a> successfully campaigned against the Muslim kingdoms of Damot and Hadiya</li></ul></li> <li>c. 1320 Rebellion of Haqq ad-Din I</li> <li>c. 1329 Northern campaigns</li> <li>c. 1332 Later campaigns</li> <li>c. 1320–1415 Abyssinian wars against the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ifat" title="Sultanate of Ifat">Sultanate of Ifat</a></li></ul></li> <li>1529–1543 <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian%E2%80%93Adal_War" title="Ethiopian–Adal War">Ethiopian-Adal War</a> <ul><li>March 1529 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shimbra_Kure" title="Battle of Shimbra Kure">Battle of Shimbra Kure</a></li> <li>1531 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antukyah" title="Battle of Antukyah">Battle of Antukyah</a></li> <li>28 October 1531 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amba_Sel" title="Battle of Amba Sel">Battle of Amba Sel</a></li> <li>24 April 1541 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sahart" title="Battle of Sahart">Battle of Sahart</a></li> <li>2 February 1542 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ba%C3%A7ente" title="Battle of Baçente">Battle of Baçente</a></li> <li>4–16 April 1542 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jarte" title="Battle of Jarte">Battle of Jarte</a></li> <li>August 1542 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hill_of_the_Jews" title="Battle of the Hill of the Jews">Battle of the Hill of the Jews</a></li> <li>28 August 1542 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wofla" title="Battle of Wofla">Battle of Wofla</a></li> <li>21 February 1543 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wayna_Daga" title="Battle of Wayna Daga">Battle of Wayna Daga</a></li></ul></li> <li>1769–1855 <a href="/wiki/Zemene_Mesafint" title="Zemene Mesafint">Zemene Mesafint</a></li> <li>December 1867 – May 1868 <a href="/wiki/British_Expedition_to_Abyssinia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Expedition to Abyssinia">British Expedition to Abyssinia</a></li> <li>12 January 1872 – 10 March 1889 Conquests of <a href="/wiki/Yohannes_IV" title="Yohannes IV">Yohannes IV of Ethiopia</a> <ul><li>1875–1881 War with Ottoman Egypt</li> <li>1885 War with Sudan</li></ul></li> <li>1886–1887 war with <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Harar" title="Emirate of Harar">Emirate of Harar</a> <ul><li>October 1886 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hirna" title="Battle of Hirna">Battle of Hirna</a></li> <li>9 January 1887 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chelenqo" title="Battle of Chelenqo">Battle of Chelenqo</a></li></ul></li> <li>1881–1899 <a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">Mahdist War</a> <ul><li>14 October 1888 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gut%C3%A9_Dili" title="Battle of Guté Dili">Battle of Guté Dili</a></li></ul></li> <li>1895–1896 <a href="/wiki/First_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="First Italo-Ethiopian War">First Italo-Ethiopia War</a> <ul><li>1 March 1896 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adwa" title="Battle of Adwa">Battle of Adwa</a></li> <li>7 December 1895 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amba_Alagi_(1895)" title="Battle of Amba Alagi (1895)">Battle of Amba Alagi</a></li> <li>13 January 1895 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Coatit" title="Battle of Coatit">Battle of Coatit</a></li></ul></li> <li>3 October 1935 – May 1936 <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopia War</a> <ul><li>3 October – December 1935 <a href="/wiki/De_Bono%27s_invasion_of_Abyssinia" class="mw-redirect" title="De Bono's invasion of Abyssinia">De Bono's invasion of Abyssinia</a></li> <li>15 December 1935 – 20 January 1936 <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Offensive" title="Christmas Offensive">Ethiopian Christmas Offensive</a></li> <li>12–20 January 1936 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ganale_Doria" title="Battle of Ganale Doria">Battle of Genale Doria</a></li> <li>20–24 January 1936 <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tembien" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Tembien">First Battle of Tembien</a></li> <li>1–19 February 1936 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amba_Aradam" title="Battle of Amba Aradam">Battle of Amba Aradam</a></li> <li>27–29 February 1936 <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tembien" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Tembien">Second Battle of Tembien</a></li> <li>29 February – 2 March 1936 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shire_(1936)" title="Battle of Shire (1936)">Battle of Shire</a></li> <li>31 March 1936 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maychew" title="Battle of Maychew">Battle of Maychew</a></li> <li>14–25 April 1936 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ogaden" title="Battle of the Ogaden">Battle of the Ogaden</a></li> <li>26 April – 5 May 1936 <a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Iron_Will" title="March of the Iron Will">March of the Iron Will</a></li></ul></li> <li>1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945 <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li>10 June 1940 – 2 May 1945 <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East theatre</a> <ul><li>10 June 1940 – 27 November 1941 <a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African Campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>13 – 17 December 1960 <a href="/wiki/1960_Ethiopian_coup_attempt" title="1960 Ethiopian coup attempt">1960 Ethiopian coup attempt</a></li> <li>1961 – 1991 <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a> <ul><li>1 September 1991 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adal" title="Battle of Adal">Battle of Adal</a></li> <li>17 September 1976 - 22 March 1977 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nakfa" title="Siege of Nakfa">Siege of Nakfa</a></li> <li>1977 – 1978 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Massawa_(1977)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Massawa (1977)">Battle of Massawa (1977)</a></li> <li>September 1977 - August 1978 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Barentu" title="Siege of Barentu">Siege of Barentu</a></li> <li>15 February – 5 July 1982 <a href="/wiki/Red_Star_Campaign" title="Red Star Campaign">Red Star Campaign</a></li> <li>17–20 March 1988 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Afabet" title="Battle of Afabet">Battle of Afabet</a></li> <li>8–17 February 1990 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Massawa_(1990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Massawa (1990)">Battle of Massawa (1990)</a></li></ul></li> <li>1963 – 1970 <a href="/wiki/Bale_revolt" title="Bale revolt">Bale revolt</a></li> <li>1963 – 1965 <a href="/wiki/1963%E2%80%931965_Ogaden_rebellion" title="1963–1965 Ogaden rebellion">1963–1965 Ogaden rebellion</a></li> <li>1964 <a href="/wiki/1964_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li>12 January – 12 September 1974 <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Revolution" title="Ethiopian Revolution">Ethiopian Revolution</a></li> <li>1974 – 1991 <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a> <ul><li>12 September 1974 <a href="/wiki/1974_Ethiopian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Ethiopian coup d'état">1974 Ethiopian coup d'état</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provisional_Military_Government_of_Socialist_Ethiopia_2"><a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>12 September 1974 – 28 May 1991 <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a> <ul><li>23 November 1974 <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Sixty" title="Massacre of the Sixty">Massacre of the Sixty</a></li> <li>23 September 1976 – 22 March 1978 <a href="/wiki/Red_Terror_(Ethiopia)" title="Red Terror (Ethiopia)">Red Terror (Ethiopia)</a></li> <li>22 June 1988 <a href="/wiki/Hawzen_massacre_(1988)" title="Hawzen massacre (1988)">Hawzen massacre (1988)</a></li> <li>16 May 1989 <a href="/wiki/1989_Ethiopian_coup_attempt" title="1989 Ethiopian coup attempt">1989 Ethiopian coup attempt</a></li> <li>28 May 1991 <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Derg_regime" title="Fall of the Derg regime">Fall of the Derg regime</a></li></ul></li> <li>13 July 1977 – 15 March 1978 <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a> <ul><li>13 July – October 1977 <a href="/wiki/Somali_invasion_of_Ogaden" title="Somali invasion of Ogaden">Somali invasion of Ogaden</a></li> <li>July 1977 – August 1977 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dire_Dawa" title="Battle of Dire Dawa">Battle of Dire Dawa</a></li> <li>September 1977 – 5 March 1978 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jijiga" title="Battle of Jijiga">Battle of Jijiga</a></li> <li>October 1977 – 27 January 1978 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harar" title="Battle of Harar">Battle of Harar</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1973 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a> <ul><li>2018 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency</a> <ul><li>18 March 2021 – 18 April 2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Ataye_clashes" title="2021 Ataye clashes">2021 Ataye clashes</a></li> <li>29 March – 19 April 2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_North_Shewa_clashes" title="2022 North Shewa clashes">2022 North Shewa clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li>23 – 28 October 2019 <a href="/wiki/October_2019_Ethiopian_clashes" title="October 2019 Ethiopian clashes">October 2019 Ethiopian clashes</a></li> <li>30 June – 2 July 2020 <a href="/wiki/Hachalu_Hundessa_riots" title="Hachalu Hundessa riots">Hachalu Hundessa riots</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 – 2018 <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Ogaden" title="Insurgency in Ogaden">Insurgency in Ogaden</a> <ul><li>2007 – 2008 <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Ethiopian_crackdown_in_Ogaden" title="2007–2008 Ethiopian crackdown in Ogaden">2007–2008 Ethiopian crackdown in Ogaden</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_Konso" title="Ethnic violence in Konso">Ethnic violence in Konso</a></li> <li>1994 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_against_Amaro_Koore" title="Ethnic violence against Amaro Koore">Ethnic violence against Amaro Koore</a></li> <li>1998 – 2018 <a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict</a> <ul><li>1998 – 2000 <a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">Eritrean–Ethiopian War</a> <ul><li>6 May – 17 June 1998 <a href="/wiki/1998_Eritrean_offensive_into_Ethiopia" title="1998 Eritrean offensive into Ethiopia">1998 Eritrean offensive into Ethiopia</a></li> <li>February 1999 <a href="/wiki/February_1999_Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_aerial_clashes" title="February 1999 Eritrean–Ethiopian aerial clashes">February 1999 Eritrean–Ethiopian aerial clashes</a></li> <li>May 29, 2000 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Aider" title="Operation Aider">Operation Aider</a></li></ul></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010_Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_skirmish" title="2010 Eritrean–Ethiopian border skirmish">2010 Eritrean–Ethiopian border skirmish</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tsorona" title="Battle of Tsorona">Battle of Tsorona</a></li></ul></li> <li>Early to mid 2000s – present <a href="/wiki/Gambela_conflict" title="Gambela conflict">Gambela conflict</a></li> <li>2002 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa</a></li> <li>2016 – 2018 <a href="/wiki/Oromo%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Oromo–Somali clashes">Oromo–Somali clashes</a></li> <li>2018 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)</a> <ul><li>22 June 2019 <a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region_coup_attempt" title="Amhara Region coup attempt">Amhara Region coup attempt</a></li> <li>2019 – 2022 <a href="/wiki/Benishangul-Gumuz_conflict" title="Benishangul-Gumuz conflict">Benishangul-Gumuz conflict</a></li> <li>2020 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li>2020 – 2022 <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a> <ul><li>3 – 4 November 2020 <a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_attacks_(Ethiopia)" title="Northern Command attacks (Ethiopia)">Northern Command attacks (Ethiopia)</a></li> <li>9 – 11 November 2020 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Humera" title="Battle of Humera">Battle of Humera</a></li> <li>17 – 28 November 2020 <a href="/wiki/Mekelle_offensive" title="Mekelle offensive">Mekelle offensive</a></li> <li>11 June 2021 – 6 July 2021 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Alula" title="Operation Alula">Operation Alula</a></li> <li>31 October – 1 December 2021 <a href="/wiki/TDF%E2%80%93OLA_joint_offensive" title="TDF–OLA joint offensive">TDF–OLA joint offensive</a></li> <li>26 November – 23 December 2021 <a href="/wiki/ENDF_National_Unity_Offensive" title="ENDF National Unity Offensive">ENDF National Unity Offensive</a></li> <li>14 – 18 October 2022 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shire_(2022)" title="Battle of Shire (2022)">Battle of Shire (2022)</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 – 2022 <a href="/wiki/Al-Fashaga_conflict" title="Al-Fashaga conflict">Al-Fashaga conflict</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_al-Shabaab_invasion_of_Ethiopia" title="2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia">2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia</a></li> <li>2023 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Somalia"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Somalia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ajuuraan_State"><a href="/wiki/Ajuran_Sultanate" title="Ajuran Sultanate">Ajuuraan State</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Ajuuraan State"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1580s <a href="/wiki/Ajuran_Sultanate" title="Ajuran Sultanate">Ajuran-Portuguese wars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italian_East_Africa_2"><a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian East Africa</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Italian East Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>10 June 1940 – 27 November 1941 <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li>10 June 1940 – 2 May 1945 <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East theatre</a> <ul><li>10 June 1940 – 27 November 1941 <a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African Campaign</a> <ul><li>3–19 August 1940 <a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">Italian conquest of British Somaliland</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Somali_Republic"><a href="/wiki/Somali_Republic" title="Somali Republic">Somali Republic</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Somali Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1961 <a href="/wiki/1961_revolt_in_Somalia" title="1961 revolt in Somalia">1961 revolt in Somalia</a></li> <li>21 October 1969 <a href="/wiki/1969_Somali_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Somali coup d'état">1969 Somali coup d'état</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Somali_Democratic_Republic"><a href="/wiki/Somali_Democratic_Republic" title="Somali Democratic Republic">Somali Democratic Republic</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Somali Democratic Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1977 – 1978 <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a> <ul><li>13 July – October 1977 <a href="/wiki/Somali_invasion_of_Ogaden" title="Somali invasion of Ogaden">Somali invasion of Ogaden</a></li> <li>July 1977 – August 1977 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dire_Dawa" title="Battle of Dire Dawa">Battle of Dire Dawa</a></li> <li>September 1977 – 5 March 1978 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jijiga" title="Battle of Jijiga">Battle of Jijiga</a></li> <li>October 1977 – 27 January 1978 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harar" title="Battle of Harar">Battle of Harar</a></li></ul></li> <li>1978 – 1991 <a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somali Rebellion</a> <ul><li>9 April 1978 <a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">1978 Somali coup attempt</a></li> <li>1981 – 1991 <a href="/wiki/Somaliland_War_of_Independence" title="Somaliland War of Independence">Somaliland War of Independence</a> <ul><li>1987 – 1989 <a href="/wiki/Isaaq_genocide" title="Isaaq genocide">Isaaq genocide</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>June–August 1982 <a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal_Republic_of_Somalia"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Federal Republic of Somalia</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Federal Republic of Somalia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1991 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li>5 December 1992 – 4 May 1993 <a href="/wiki/Unified_Task_Force" title="Unified Task Force">Unified Task Force</a> <ul><li>December 1992 – May 19 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliverance" title="Operation Deliverance">Operation Deliverance</a></li></ul></li> <li>26 March 1993 – 28 March 1995 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_Somalia_II" title="United Nations Operation in Somalia II">United Nations Operation in Somalia II</a> <ul><li>5 June 1993 <a href="/wiki/June_1993_attack_on_Pakistani_military_in_Somalia" title="June 1993 attack on Pakistani military in Somalia">June 1993 attack on Pakistani military in Somalia</a></li> <li>2 July 1993 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Checkpoint_Pasta" title="Battle of Checkpoint Pasta">Battle of Checkpoint Pasta</a></li> <li>12 July 1993 <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Monday_raid" title="Bloody Monday raid">Bloody Monday raid</a></li> <li>22 August 1993 – 13 October 1993 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Gothic_Serpent" title="Operation Gothic Serpent">Operation Gothic Serpent</a> <ul><li>3–4 October 1993 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(1993)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (1993)">Battle of Mogadishu (1993)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>1998 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Puntland-Somaliland_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Puntland-Somaliland dispute">Puntland-Somaliland dispute</a> <ul><li>15 October 2007 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Anod_(2007)" title="Battle of Las Anod (2007)">Battle of Las Anod (2007)</a></li> <li>8 January 2018 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tukaraq" title="Battle of Tukaraq">Battle of Tukaraq</a></li></ul></li> <li>4 June – 20 December 2006 <a href="/wiki/2006_Islamic_Courts_Union_offensive" title="2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive">2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive</a> <ul><li>7 May – 11 July 2006 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(2006)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (2006)">Battle of Mogadishu (2006)</a></li></ul></li> <li>20 December 2006 – 30 January 2009 <a href="/wiki/Somalia_War_(2006%E2%80%932009)" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalia War (2006–2009)">Somalia War (2006–2009)</a> <ul><li>20–26 December 2006 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baidoa" title="Battle of Baidoa">Battle of Baidoa</a></li> <li>23–25 December 2006 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bandiradley" title="Battle of Bandiradley">Battle of Bandiradley</a></li> <li>24–25 December 2006 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beledweyne_(2006)" title="Battle of Beledweyne (2006)">Battle of Beledweyne (2006)</a></li> <li>27 December 2006 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jowhar" title="Battle of Jowhar">Battle of Jowhar</a></li> <li>28 December 2006 <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mogadishu" title="Fall of Mogadishu">Fall of Mogadishu</a></li> <li>31 December 2006 – 1 January 2007 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jilib" title="Battle of Jilib">Battle of Jilib</a></li> <li>1 January 2007 <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kismayo" title="Fall of Kismayo">Fall of Kismayo</a></li> <li>5 – 12 January 2007 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_Kamboni" title="Battle of Ras Kamboni">Battle of Ras Kamboni</a></li> <li>21 March – 26 April 2007 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(March%E2%80%93April_2007)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (March–April 2007)">Battle of Mogadishu (March–April 2007)</a></li> <li>8–16 November 2007 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(November_2007)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (November 2007)">Battle of Mogadishu (November 2007)</a></li> <li>19–20 April 2008 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(2008)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (2008)">Battle of Mogadishu (2008)</a></li> <li>31 May – 3 June 2007 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bargal_(2007)" title="Battle of Bargal (2007)">Battle of Bargal (2007)</a></li> <li>1–26 July 2008 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beledweyne_(2008)" title="Battle of Beledweyne (2008)">Battle of Beledweyne (2008)</a></li> <li>8 July 2008 – 26 January 2009 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baidoa" title="Siege of Baidoa">Siege of Baidoa</a></li> <li>20–22 August 2008 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kismayo_(2008)" title="Battle of Kismayo (2008)">Battle of Kismayo (2008)</a></li></ul></li> <li>2000 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a> <ul><li>18 March 2006 <a href="/wiki/Action_of_18_March_2006" title="Action of 18 March 2006">Action of 18 March 2006</a></li> <li>29 October 2007 <a href="/wiki/Dai_Hong_Dan_incident" title="Dai Hong Dan incident">Dai Hong Dan incident</a></li> <li>8 December 2008 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a> <ul><li>16 September 2008 <a href="/wiki/Carr%C3%A9_d%27As_IV_incident" title="Carré d'As IV incident">Carré d'As IV incident</a></li> <li>9 April 2009 <a href="/wiki/April_2009_raid_off_Somalia" title="April 2009 raid off Somalia">April 2009 raid off Somalia</a></li></ul></li> <li>17 August 2009 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ocean_Shield" title="Operation Ocean Shield">Operation Ocean Shield</a> <ul><li>30 March 2010 <a href="/wiki/Action_of_30_March_2010" title="Action of 30 March 2010">Action of 30 March 2010</a></li> <li>18–21 January 2011 <a href="/wiki/MV_Beluga_Nomination_incident" title="MV Beluga Nomination incident">MV Beluga Nomination incident</a></li></ul></li> <li>6 May 2010 <a href="/wiki/MV_Moscow_University_hijacking" title="MV Moscow University hijacking">MV Moscow University hijacking</a></li> <li>12 January 2012 <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Spanish_oiler_Pati%C3%B1o" title="Attack on Spanish oiler Patiño">Attack on Spanish oiler Patiño</a></li></ul></li> <li>31 January 2009 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somali Civil War (2009–present)</a> <ul><li>22 February 2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_African_Union_base_bombings_in_Mogadishu" title="2009 African Union base bombings in Mogadishu">2009 African Union base bombings in Mogadishu</a></li> <li>24–25 February 2009 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Mogadishu" title="Battle of South Mogadishu">Battle of South Mogadishu</a></li> <li>7 May – 1 October 2009 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(2009)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (2009)">Battle of Mogadishu (2009)</a></li> <li>11 May – 1 October 2009 <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Central_Somalia_(2009)" title="Battle for Central Somalia (2009)">Battle for Central Somalia (2009)</a></li> <li>5 June 2009 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wabho" title="Battle of Wabho">Battle of Wabho</a></li> <li>18 June 2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Beledweyne_bombing" title="2009 Beledweyne bombing">2009 Beledweyne bombing</a></li> <li>1–7 October 2009 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kismayo_(2009)" title="Battle of Kismayo (2009)">Battle of Kismayo (2009)</a></li> <li>10–14 January 2010 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beledweyne_(2010)" title="Battle of Beledweyne (2010)">Battle of Beledweyne (2010)</a></li> <li>May–July <a href="/wiki/2010_Ayn_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Ayn clashes">2010 Ayn clashes</a></li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/May_2010_Mogadishu_bombings" title="May 2010 Mogadishu bombings">May 2010 Mogadishu bombings</a></li> <li>20 July 2010 <a href="/wiki/2010_Kenya%E2%80%93Al-Shabaab_border_clash" title="2010 Kenya–Al-Shabaab border clash">2010 Kenya–Al-Shabaab border clash</a></li> <li>8 August – 17 October 2010 <a href="/wiki/Galgala_campaign" title="Galgala campaign">Galgala campaign</a></li> <li>23 August 2010 – 6 August 2011 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(2010%E2%80%932011)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (2010–2011)">Battle of Mogadishu (2010–2011)</a></li> <li>27 April 2011 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gedo" title="Battle of Gedo">Battle of Gedo</a></li> <li>4 October <a href="/wiki/2011_Mogadishu_bombing" title="2011 Mogadishu bombing">2011 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li>16 October 2011 – June 2012 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">Operation Linda Nchi</a> <ul><li>28 September – 1 October 2012 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kismayo_(2012)" title="Battle of Kismayo (2012)">Battle of Kismayo (2012)</a></li></ul></li> <li>11 January 2013 <a href="/wiki/Bulo_Marer_hostage_rescue_attempt" title="Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt">Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2001 – 2021 <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terrorism">War on Terrorism</a> <ul><li>7 October 2002 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa</a> <ul><li>3 March 2008 <a href="/wiki/Dobley_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Dobley airstrike">Dobley airstrike</a></li> <li>1 May 2008 <a href="/wiki/Dhusamareb_airstrike" title="Dhusamareb airstrike">Dhusamareb airstrike</a></li> <li>8–12 April 2009 <a href="/wiki/Maersk_Alabama_hijacking" title="Maersk Alabama hijacking">Maersk Alabama hijacking</a></li> <li>14 September 2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Baraawe_raid" title="2009 Baraawe raid">2009 Baraawe raid</a></li> <li>25 January 2012 <a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_Jessica_Buchanan_and_Poul_Hagen_Thisted" title="Rescue of Jessica Buchanan and Poul Hagen Thisted">Rescue of Jessica Buchanan and Poul Hagen Thisted</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>2023 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Las_Anod_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Las Anod conflict (2023–present)">Las Anod conflict (2023–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_Ocean_islands"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean islands</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Indian Ocean islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comoros"><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Comoros"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>May 13, 1978 <a href="/wiki/1978_Comorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1978 Comorian coup d'état">1978 Comorian coup d'état</a></li> <li>September 28 – October 3, 1995 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Azalee" title="Operation Azalee">Operation Azalee</a></li> <li>April 30, 1999 <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%89tat_de_1999_aux_Comores" class="extiw" title="fr:Coup d'État de 1999 aux Comores">1999 Comorian coup d'état</a></li> <li>March 25, 2008 <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Anjouan" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Anjouan">Invasion of Anjouan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madagascar"><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Madagascar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1883–1885 <a href="/wiki/First_Madagascar_expedition" title="First Madagascar expedition">First Madagascar expedition</a></li> <li>1894–1895 <a href="/wiki/Second_Madagascar_expedition" title="Second Madagascar expedition">Second Madagascar expedition</a></li> <li>1942 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a> (World War II)</li> <li>1947 – 1949 <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_Uprising" title="Malagasy Uprising">Malagasy Uprising</a></li> <li>26 January – 7 November 2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Malagasy_political_crisis" title="2009 Malagasy political crisis">2009 Malagasy political crisis</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Camp_Capsat_mutiny" title="2009 Camp Capsat mutiny">2009 Camp Capsat mutiny</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mauritius"><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Mauritius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>August 20, 1810 – August 27, 1810 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Port" title="Battle of Grand Port">Battle of Grand Port</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seychelles"><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Seychelles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>4–5 June 1977 <a href="/wiki/1977_Seychelles_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1977 Seychelles coup d'état">1977 Seychelles coup d'état</a></li> <li>25 November 1981 <a href="/wiki/1981_Seychelles_coup_attempt" title="1981 Seychelles coup attempt">1981 Seychelles coup attempt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_Africa"><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: North Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_North_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conflicts in North Africa">List of conflicts in North Africa</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algeria"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Algeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Algeria" title="List of conflicts in Algeria">List of conflicts in Algeria</a></div> <ul><li>264 BCE – 146 BCE <a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a></li> <li>112 BCE – 106 BCE <a href="/wiki/Jugurthine_War" title="Jugurthine War">Jugurthine War</a></li> <li>420s <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> conquer the Roman province</li> <li>June 533 – March 534 <a href="/wiki/Vandalic_War" title="Vandalic War">Vandalic War</a></li> <li>544 – <a href="/wiki/Second_Moorish_uprising_and_the_revolt_of_Guntharic" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic">Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic</a></li> <li>647 – 709 <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb" title="Muslim conquest of the Maghreb">Muslim conquest of the Maghreb</a></li> <li>1518 <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tlemcen_(1518)" title="Fall of Tlemcen (1518)">Fall of Tlemcen</a></li> <li>1529 <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_of_Algiers_(1529)" title="Capture of Peñón of Algiers (1529)">Capture of Peñón of Algiers</a></li> <li>September 14, 1769 – May 16, 1772 <a href="/wiki/Danish%E2%80%93Algerian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish–Algerian War">Danish–Algerian War</a></li> <li>1830 – 1847 <a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Algeria" title="French conquest of Algeria">French conquest of Algeria</a></li> <li>1835 – 1903 <a href="/wiki/Pacification_of_Algeria" title="Pacification of Algeria">Pacification of Algeria</a></li> <li>June 10, 1940 – May 13, 1943 <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North African Campaign</a> (World War II)</li> <li>May 8, 1945 <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9tif_and_Guelma_massacre" title="Sétif and Guelma massacre">Sétif and Guelma massacre</a></li> <li>1954 – 1962 <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a> <ul><li>1 November 1954 <a href="/wiki/Toussaint_Rouge" title="Toussaint Rouge">Toussaint Rouge</a></li> <li>18 January 1955 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Douar_Souadek" title="Battle of Douar Souadek">Battle of Douar Souadek</a></li> <li>18 January – 24 February 1955 Operation Véronique</li> <li>September 1955 <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Djorf" title="First Battle of El Djorf">First Battle of El Djorf</a></li> <li>20 August 1955 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Philippeville" title="Battle of Philippeville">Battle of Philippeville</a></li> <li>April 1956 — 1 October 1956 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Bird" title="Operation Blue Bird">Operation Blue Bird</a></li> <li>30 September 1956 — 24 September 1957 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Algiers_(1956%E2%80%931957)" title="Battle of Algiers (1956–1957)">Battle of Algiers</a></li> <li>23 May 1957 — 25 May 1957 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agounennda" title="Battle of Agounennda">Battle of Agounennda</a></li> <li>4 – 12 August 1957 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bouzegza" title="Battle of Bouzegza">Battle of Bouzegza</a></li> <li>21 January 1958 – 28 May 1958 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_borders_(Algerian_war)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the borders (Algerian war)">Battle of the borders (Algerian war)</a></li> <li>13 May 1958 <a href="/wiki/May_1958_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1958 crisis">May 1958 crisis</a></li> <li>28–31 May 1958 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bab_El_Bekkouche" title="Battle of Bab El Bekkouche">Battle of Bab El Bekkouche</a></li> <li>July 1959 — March 1960 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Jumelles" title="Operation Jumelles">Operation Jumelles</a></li> <li>21 April 1961 — 26 April 1961 <a href="/wiki/Algiers_putsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Algiers putsch">Algiers putsch</a></li> <li>23 March 1962 — 6 April 1962 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bab_El_Oued" title="Battle of Bab El Oued">Battle of Bab El Oued</a></li></ul></li> <li>5 July – 9 September 1962 <a href="/w/index.php?title=1962_Algerian_crisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 Algerian crisis (page does not exist)">1962 Algerian crisis</a></li> <li>September 25, 1963 – February 20, 1964 <a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li>September 29, 1963 – October 1964 <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Forces_Front_rebellion_in_Algeria" title="Socialist Forces Front rebellion in Algeria">Socialist Forces Front rebellion in Algeria</a></li> <li>19 June 1965 <a href="/wiki/1965_Algerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1965 Algerian coup d'état">1965 Algerian coup d'état</a></li> <li>14 – 16 December 1967 <a href="/wiki/1967_Algerian_coup_attempt" title="1967 Algerian coup attempt">1967 Algerian coup attempt</a></li> <li>1970 – ongoing <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li>1991 – 2002 <a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a> <ul><li>11 January 1992 <a href="/wiki/1992_Algerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1992 Algerian coup d'état">1992 Algerian coup d'état</a></li> <li>3 April 1997 — 4 April 1997 <a href="/wiki/Thalit_massacre" title="Thalit massacre">Thalit massacre</a></li> <li>22 April 1997 <a href="/wiki/Haouch_Khemisti_massacre" title="Haouch Khemisti massacre">Haouch Khemisti massacre</a></li> <li>16 June 1997 <a href="/wiki/Da%C3%AFat_Labguer_(M%27sila)_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Daïat Labguer (M'sila) Massacre">Daïat Labguer (M'sila) Massacre</a></li> <li>27 July 1997 <a href="/wiki/Si_Zerrouk_massacre" title="Si Zerrouk massacre">Si Zerrouk massacre</a></li> <li>3 August 1997 <a href="/wiki/Oued_El-Had_and_Mezouara_massacre" title="Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre">Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre</a></li> <li>20 August 1997 — August 21, 1997 <a href="/wiki/Souhane_massacre" title="Souhane massacre">Souhane massacre</a></li> <li>26 August 1997 <a href="/wiki/Beni_Ali_massacre" title="Beni Ali massacre">Beni Ali massacre</a></li> <li>28 August 1997 <a href="/wiki/Rais_massacre" title="Rais massacre">Rais massacre</a></li> <li>5 September 1997 — 6 September 1997 <a href="/wiki/Beni_Messous_massacre" title="Beni Messous massacre">Beni Messous massacre</a></li> <li>19 September 1997 — 20 September 1997 <a href="/wiki/Guelb_El-Kebir_massacre" title="Guelb El-Kebir massacre">Guelb El-Kebir massacre</a></li> <li>22 September 1997 — 23 September 1997 <a href="/wiki/Bentalha_massacre" title="Bentalha massacre">Bentalha massacre</a></li> <li>23 December 1997 — 24 December 1997 <a href="/wiki/Sid_El-Antri_massacre" title="Sid El-Antri massacre">Sid El-Antri massacre</a></li> <li>30 December 1997 <a href="/wiki/Wilaya_of_Relizane_massacres_of_30_December_1997" title="Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 30 December 1997">Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 30 December 1997</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a> <ul><li>2007 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a></li> <li>16–19 January 2013 <a href="/wiki/In_Amenas_hostage_crisis" title="In Amenas hostage crisis">In Amenas hostage crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Egypt (page does not exist)">List of conflicts in Egypt</a></div> <ul><li>1803–1807 <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali%27s_seizure_of_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ali's seizure of power">Muhammad Ali's seizure of power</a></li> <li>1881–1899 <a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">Mahdist War</a></li> <li>June 11, 1940 – February 4, 1943: <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North African Campaign</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li>1952 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ismailia_(1952)" title="Battle of Ismailia (1952)">Battle of Ismailia (1952)</a></li> <li>1952 <a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1952 Egyptian Revolution">1952 Egyptian Revolution</a></li> <li>1956 <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li>1970 <a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li>1977 <a href="/wiki/Libyan%E2%80%93Egyptian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan–Egyptian War">Libyan–Egyptian War</a></li> <li>1981 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Egypt" title="Terrorism in Egypt">Terrorism in Egypt</a> <ul><li>2011 – 2023 <a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li>2013 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li>1986 <a href="/wiki/1986_Egyptian_conscripts_riot" title="1986 Egyptian conscripts riot">1986 Egyptian conscripts riot</a></li> <li>2011 – 2014 <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_crisis_(2011%E2%80%9314)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian crisis (2011–14)">Egyptian crisis (2011–14)</a> <ul><li>January 25 – February 11, 2011 <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Revolution of 2011">Egyptian Revolution</a></li> <li>12 February 2011 – 30 June 2012 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Egyptian_Crisis_under_the_SCAF" title="Timeline of the Egyptian Crisis under the SCAF">2011-2012 Egypt protests</a></li> <li>November 22, 2012 – July 3, 2013 <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Egyptian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2012–13 Egyptian protests">2012–13 Egyptian protests</a></li> <li>June 28, 2013 – July 3, 2013 <a href="/wiki/June_2013_Egyptian_protests" title="June 2013 Egyptian protests">June 2013 Egyptian protests</a></li> <li>July 3, 2013 <a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">2013 Egyptian coup d'état</a></li> <li>3 July 2013 – 8 June 2014 <a href="/wiki/Post-coup_unrest_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)">Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)</a> <ul><li>8 July 2013 <a href="/wiki/Republican_Guard_headquarters_clashes" title="Republican Guard headquarters clashes">Republican Guard headquarters clashes</a></li> <li>19 September 2013 <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Kerdasa" title="Raid on Kerdasa">Raid on Kerdasa</a></li> <li>19 July 2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Farafra_ambush" title="2014 Farafra ambush">2014 Farafra ambush</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>4–14 April 2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Aswan_tribal_clashes" title="2014 Aswan tribal clashes">2014 Aswan tribal clashes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libya"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Libya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Libya" title="List of conflicts in Libya">List of conflicts in Libya</a></div> <ul><li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1279 BC – 1213 BC <a href="/wiki/Ramses_II#Campaigns_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramses II">Ramesses II's Campaigns in Libya</a></li> <li>264 BC – 146 BC <a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a></li> <li>112 BC – 106 BC <a href="/wiki/Jugurthine_War" title="Jugurthine War">Jugurthine War</a></li> <li>420s <a href="/wiki/Vandal_conquest_of_Roman_Africa" title="Vandal conquest of Roman Africa">Vandal</a> conquer the Roman province</li> <li>461 - 468 <a href="/wiki/Vandal_War_(461%E2%80%93468)" title="Vandal War (461–468)">Vandal War (461–468)</a></li> <li>June 533 – March 534 <a href="/wiki/Vandalic_War" title="Vandalic War">Vandalic War</a></li> <li>544 <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Africa#Second_Moorish_uprising_and_the_revolt_of_Guntharic" title="Praetorian prefecture of Africa">Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic</a></li> <li>647 – 709 <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb" title="Muslim conquest of the Maghreb">Muslim conquest of the Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Ottoman–Habsburg wars</a> <ul><li>1551 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli_(1551)" title="Siege of Tripoli (1551)">Siege of Tripoli</a></li></ul></li> <li>1711 <a href="/wiki/1711_Karamanli_coup" title="1711 Karamanli coup">1711 Karamanli coup</a></li> <li>1793 – 1795 <a href="/wiki/Tripolitanian_civil_war" title="Tripolitanian civil war">Tripolitanian civil war</a></li> <li>1797 <a href="/wiki/Action_of_16_May_1797" title="Action of 16 May 1797">Action of 16 May 1797</a></li> <li>1801 – 05 <a href="/wiki/First_Barbary_War" title="First Barbary War">First Barbary War</a></li> <li>1825 Sardinian-Tripolitanian war of 1825</li> <li>1911 – 43 <a href="/wiki/Libyan_resistance_movement" title="Libyan resistance movement">Libyan resistance movement</a></li> <li>1911 – 12 <a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a></li> <li>June 11, 1940 – February 4, 1943 <a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Desert Campaign">Western Desert Campaign</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li>1 September 1969 <a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li>7 December 1969 <a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_coup_attempt" title="1969 Libyan coup attempt">1969 Libyan coup attempt</a></li> <li>1970 <a href="/wiki/Black_Prince_conspiracy" title="Black Prince conspiracy">Black Prince conspiracy</a></li> <li>21 – 24 July 1977 <a href="/wiki/Egyptian-Libyan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian-Libyan War">Egyptian-Libyan War</a></li> <li>29 January 1978 – 11 September 1987 <a href="/wiki/Chadian-Libyan_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Chadian-Libyan conflict">Chadian-Libyan conflict</a> <ul><li>16 December 1986 – 11 September 1987 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li></ul></li> <li>August 19, 1981 <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_(1981)" title="Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)">Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)</a></li> <li>May 8, 1984 <a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_the_Salvation_of_Libya#Military_action" title="National Front for the Salvation of Libya">Bab al-Azizia siege</a></li> <li>March 24, 1986 <a href="/wiki/Action_in_the_Gulf_of_Sidra_(1986)" title="Action in the Gulf of Sidra (1986)">Action in the Gulf of Sidra (1986)</a></li> <li>15 April 1986 <a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_bombing_of_Libya" title="1986 United States bombing of Libya">1986 United States bombing of Libya</a></li> <li>4 January 1989 <a href="/wiki/1989_air_battle_near_Tobruk" title="1989 air battle near Tobruk">1989 air battle near Tobruk</a></li> <li>22 October 1993 <a href="/wiki/1993_Libyan_coup_attempt" title="1993 Libyan coup attempt">1993 Libyan coup attempt</a></li> <li>2002 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li>November 2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Kufra_conflict" title="2008 Kufra conflict">2008 Kufra conflict</a></li> <li>2011 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Libyan_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan crisis">Libyan crisis</a> <ul><li>2011 <a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan Civil War">First Libyan Civil War</a> <ul><li>February 15 — 20, 2011 <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Benghazi" title="First Battle of Benghazi">First Battle of Benghazi</a></li> <li>February 17 — 25, 2011 <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_protests_and_clashes_(February_2011)" title="Tripoli protests and clashes (February 2011)">Tripoli protests and clashes (February 2011)</a></li> <li>February 18 — May 15, 2011 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Misrata_(2011)" title="Battle of Misrata (2011)">Battle of Misrata (2011)</a></li> <li>February 24 — March 10, 2011 <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Zawiya" title="First Battle of Zawiya">First Battle of Zawiya</a></li> <li>March 1 — August 18, 2011 <a href="/wiki/2011_Nafusa_Mountains_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Nafusa Mountains campaign">2011 Nafusa Mountains campaign</a> <ul><li>April 21, 2011 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wazzin" title="Battle of Wazzin">Battle of Wazzin</a></li> <li>August 13 — 18, 2011 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gharyan" title="Battle of Gharyan">Battle of Gharyan</a></li></ul></li> <li>March 2, 2011 <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Brega" title="First Battle of Brega">First Battle of Brega</a></li> <li>March 19 — October 31, 2011 <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">2011 military intervention in Libya</a> <ul><li>March 19 — October 31, 2011 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ellamy" title="Operation Ellamy">Operation Ellamy</a></li> <li>March 19 — 31, 2,011 C.E. <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Harmattan" title="Opération Harmattan">Opération Harmattan</a></li> <li>March 19 — November 1, 2011 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mobile" title="Operation Mobile">Operation Mobile</a></li> <li>March 19 — 31, 2011 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Odyssey_Dawn" title="Operation Odyssey Dawn">Operation Odyssey Dawn</a></li> <li>March 23 — October 31, 2011 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Unified_Protector" title="Operation Unified Protector">Operation Unified Protector</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>2011 – 2014 <a href="/wiki/Factional_violence_in_Libya_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)">Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)</a> <ul><li>January 23 — 25, 2012 <a href="/wiki/2012_Bani_Walid_uprising" title="2012 Bani Walid uprising">2012 Bani Walid uprising</a></li> <li>February 12 — July 1, 2012 <a href="/wiki/2012_Kufra_conflict" title="2012 Kufra conflict">2012 Kufra conflict</a></li> <li>March 25 — 31, 2012 <a href="/wiki/2012_Sabha_conflict" title="2012 Sabha conflict">2012 Sabha conflict</a></li> <li>June 4, 2012 <a href="/wiki/2012_Tripoli_airport_clashes" title="2012 Tripoli airport clashes">2012 Tripoli airport clashes</a></li> <li>June 11 — 18, 2012 <a href="/wiki/2012_Zintan_clashes" title="2012 Zintan clashes">2012 Zintan clashes</a></li> <li>September 9. — October 26, 2012 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bani_Walid_(2012)" title="Siege of Bani Walid (2012)">Siege of Bani Walid (2012)</a></li> <li>September 11 — 12, 2012 <a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">2012 Benghazi attack</a></li> <li>June 8 — 15, 2013 <a href="/wiki/2013_Benghazi_conflict" title="2013 Benghazi conflict">2013 Benghazi conflict</a></li> <li>February 14 — May 2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Libyan_coup_attempts" title="2014 Libyan coup attempts">2014 Libyan coup attempts</a></li></ul></li> <li>2014 – 2020 <a href="/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Libyan Civil War (2014–present)">Second Libyan Civil War</a> <ul><li>July 13 — August 23, 2014 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tripoli_Airport" title="Battle of Tripoli Airport">Battle of Tripoli Airport</a></li> <li>October 5, 2014 — April 21, 2016 <a href="/wiki/ISIL_takeover_of_Derna" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL takeover of Derna">ISIL takeover of Derna</a></li> <li>October 15, 2014 – December 30, 2017 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benghazi_(2014%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017)">Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017)</a></li> <li>January 27, 2015 <a href="/wiki/2015_Corinthia_Hotel_attack" title="2015 Corinthia Hotel attack">2015 Corinthia Hotel attack</a></li> <li>February 8 — 9, 2015 <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Nofaliya_(2015)" title="Fall of Nofaliya (2015)">Fall of Nofaliya (2015)</a></li> <li>February 12, 2015 – October 26, 2020 <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_intervention_in_Libya_(2015%E2%80%932020)" title="Egyptian intervention in Libya (2015–2020)">Egyptian intervention in Libya (2015–2020)</a></li> <li>13 November 2015 – 30 October 2019 <a href="/wiki/U.S._intervention_in_Libya_(2015%E2%80%932019)" title="U.S. intervention in Libya (2015–2019)">U.S. intervention in Libya (2015–2019)</a></li> <li>14 October 2016 – 14 November 2018 <a href="/wiki/Western_Libya_clashes_(2016%E2%80%932018)" title="Western Libya clashes (2016–2018)">Western Libya clashes (2016–2018)</a></li> <li>March 3 – 14 2017 <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_Offensive_(2017)" title="Gulf of Sidra Offensive (2017)">Gulf of Sidra Offensive (2017)</a></li> <li>January – April 2019 <a href="/wiki/Southern_Libya_offensive" title="Southern Libya offensive">Southern Libya offensive</a></li> <li>4 April 2019 – 5 June 2020 <a href="/wiki/Western_Libya_campaign" title="Western Libya campaign">Western Libya campaign</a></li> <li>5 January 2020 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/2020_Turkish_intervention_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Turkish intervention in Libya">2020 Turkish intervention in Libya</a></li> <li>June 6 – 11, 2020 <a href="/wiki/Central_Libya_offensive" title="Central Libya offensive">Central Libya offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li>March – December 2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Tripoli_clashes" title="2022 Tripoli clashes">2022 Tripoli clashes</a></li> <li>14 – 15 August 2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Tripoli_clashes" title="2023 Tripoli clashes">2023 Tripoli clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morocco"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Morocco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Morocco" title="List of conflicts in Morocco">List of conflicts in Morocco</a></div> <ul><li>264 BCE – 146 BCE <a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a></li> <li>112 BCE – 106 BCE <a href="/wiki/Jugurthine_War" title="Jugurthine War">Jugurthine War</a></li> <li>420s <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> conquer the Roman province</li> <li>June 533 – March 534 <a href="/wiki/Vandalic_War" title="Vandalic War">Vandalic War</a></li> <li>544 <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Africa#Second_Moorish_uprising_and_the_revolt_of_Guntharic" title="Praetorian prefecture of Africa">Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic</a></li> <li>647–709 <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb" title="Muslim conquest of the Maghreb">Muslim conquest of the Maghreb</a></li> <li>739–743 <a href="/wiki/Berber_Revolt" title="Berber Revolt">Berber Revolt</a></li> <li>1130–1147 <a href="/wiki/Almoravid" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravid">Almoravid</a>-<a href="/wiki/Almohad" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohad">Almohad</a> War</li> <li>1215–1269 <a href="/wiki/Almohad" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohad">Almohad</a>-<a href="/wiki/Marinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid">Marinid</a> War</li> <li>1125–1269 <a href="/wiki/Almohad" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohad">Almohad</a>-<a href="/wiki/Marinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid">Marinid</a> War</li> <li>1299–1370 <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tlemcen" title="Kingdom of Tlemcen">Tlemcen</a> conflict</li> <li>1415–1578 <a href="/wiki/Moroccan-Portuguese_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan-Portuguese conflicts">Moroccan-Portuguese conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1465_Moroccan_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="1465 Moroccan revolt">1465 Moroccan Revolt</a></li> <li>1527–1554 <a href="/wiki/Wattassid" class="mw-redirect" title="Wattassid">Wattassid</a>-<a href="/wiki/Saadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadian">Saadian</a> War</li> <li>September 1497 <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Melilla" title="Conquest of Melilla">Conquest of Melilla</a></li> <li>1554–1830 <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Moroccan</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Turkish</a> border conflict</li> <li>1577 A <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan people">Moroccan</a> expedition occupied <a href="/wiki/Taghaza" title="Taghaza">Taghaza</a></li> <li>1582 A first expedition to <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> was defeated</li> <li>1591 A <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan people">Moroccan</a> expeditionary force defeated the <a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhay</a> army at <a href="/wiki/Tondibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tondibi">Tondibi</a> and conquered <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Djenn%C3%A9" title="Djenné">Djenné</a></li> <li>1603–1627 <a href="/wiki/Saadi_dynasty#1603.E2.80.931627_:_Succession_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadi dynasty">War of Succession</a></li> <li>1613–1666 Civil War</li> <li>1844 <a href="/wiki/First_Franco-Moroccan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Franco-Moroccan War">First Franco-Moroccan War</a></li> <li>1859 <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Moroccan_War_(1859%E2%80%9360)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)">Spanish-Moroccan War</a></li> <li>1893 <a href="/wiki/Rif_War_(1893)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rif War (1893)">Rif War</a></li> <li>1909 <a href="/wiki/Rif_War_(1909)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rif War (1909)">Rif War</a></li> <li>1911–1912 <a href="/wiki/Second_Franco-Moroccan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Franco-Moroccan War">Second Franco-Moroccan War</a></li> <li>1920–1926 <a href="/wiki/Rif_War" title="Rif War">Rif War</a></li> <li>1914–1921 <a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a></li> <li>1942 <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North African Campaign</a></li> <li>1957 – 1958 <a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li>1958 – 1959 <a href="/wiki/1958_Rif_riots" title="1958 Rif riots">Rif Revolt</a></li> <li>1963 – 1964 <a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li>1970 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> <ul><li>1973 – 1976 <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_insurgency" title="Sahrawi insurgency">Sahrawi insurgency</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Green_March" title="Green March">Green March</a></li> <li>1975 – 1991 <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li>2020 – present <a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li>July 10, 1971 <a href="/wiki/1971_Moroccan_coup_attempt" title="1971 Moroccan coup attempt">1971 Moroccan coup attempt</a></li> <li>August 16, 1972 <a href="/wiki/1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt" title="1972 Moroccan coup attempt">1972 Moroccan coup attempt</a></li> <li>April 11, 2002 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a> <ul><li>6 February 2007 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a></li></ul></li> <li>July 11 – 18, 2002 <a href="/wiki/Perejil_Island_crisis" title="Perejil Island crisis">Perejil Island crisis</a></li> <li>August 29, 2012 <a href="/wiki/2012_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera_incident" title="2012 Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera incident">2012 Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera incident</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sudan"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Sudan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nubia"><a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Nubia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>c. 3050 BCE <a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a>, the second pharaoh of Egypt, led a campaign against the Nubians</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kingdom_of_Kerma"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kerma" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Kerma">Kingdom of Kerma</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Kerma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>c. 1506 BCE – 1493 BCE During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a>, the Kingdom of Kerma rebelled against Egyptian rule and Thutmose I traveled up the Nile and fought in the battle, killing the Nubian king.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egyptian_Empire"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">Egyptian Empire</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Egyptian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>c. 1282 BCE <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti's</a> military campaigns</li> <li>c. 1279 BCE – 1213 BCE <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Remesses II</a>'s campaigns in Nubia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kingdom_of_Kush"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kingdom of Kush</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Kush"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>23 BCE The Roman prefect of Egypt invaded the Kingdom of Kush after an initial attack by the queen of <a href="/wiki/Mer%C3%B6e" class="mw-redirect" title="Meröe">Meröe</a>, razing <a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napata</a> to the ground</li> <li>c. 300 CE <a href="/wiki/Ezana_of_Axum" title="Ezana of Axum">Ezana of Axum</a> launched several military campaigns, destroying the Kingdom of Kush</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kingdom_of_Makuria"><a href="/wiki/Makuria" title="Makuria">Kingdom of Makuria</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Makuria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1312 Mamluk Invasion</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sultanate_of_Darfur"><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Darfur" title="Sultanate of Darfur">Sultanate of Darfur</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Sultanate of Darfur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1722–1786 Civil War</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egyptian_Eyalet"><a href="/wiki/Egypt_Eyalet" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt Eyalet">Egyptian Eyalet</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Egyptian Eyalet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February 1820 – October 1822 Invasion of Libya and Sudan</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Khedivate_of_Egypt"><a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Khedivate of Egypt</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Khedivate of Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1899–1901 Rabih War <ul><li>1874 <a href="/wiki/Rabih_az-Zubayr" title="Rabih az-Zubayr">Rabih az-Zubayr</a> conquered the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Darfur" title="Sultanate of Darfur">Sultanate of Darfur</a></li></ul></li> <li>1881–1899 <a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">The Mahdist War</a> <ul><li>3–5 November 1883 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaykan" title="Battle of Shaykan">Battle of El Obeid</a></li> <li>4–29 February 1884 <a href="/wiki/First_and_Second_Battles_of_El_Teb" class="mw-redirect" title="First and Second Battles of El Teb">First and Second Battles of El Teb</a></li> <li>13 March 1884 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tamai" title="Battle of Tamai">Battle of Tamai</a></li> <li>13 March 1884 – 26 January 1885 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Khartoum" title="Siege of Khartoum">Siege of Khartoum</a></li> <li>17 January 1885 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abu_Klea" title="Battle of Abu Klea">Battle of Abu Klea</a></li> <li>10 February 1885 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirbekan" title="Battle of Kirbekan">Battle of Kirbekan</a></li> <li>22 March 1885 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tofrek" title="Battle of Tofrek">Battle of Tofrek</a></li> <li>30 December 1885 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ginnis" title="Battle of Ginnis">Battle of Ginnis</a></li> <li>20 December 1888 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suakin" title="Battle of Suakin">Battle of Suakin</a></li> <li>9–10 March 1889 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gallabat" title="Battle of Gallabat">Battle of Gallabat</a></li> <li>17 July 1894 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kassala" title="Battle of Kassala">Battle of Kassala</a></li> <li>7 June 1896 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ferkeh" title="Battle of Ferkeh">Battle of Ferkeh</a></li> <li>8 April 1898 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Atbara" title="Battle of Atbara">Battle of Atbara</a></li> <li>2 September 1898 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Omdurman" title="Battle of Omdurman">Battle of Omdurman</a></li> <li>25 November 1899 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Umm_Diwaykarat" title="Battle of Umm Diwaykarat">Battle of Umm Diwaykarat</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Anglo-Egyptian Sudan</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918 <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li>29 October 1914 – 30 October 1918 <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern theatre</a> <ul><li>1914–1918 <a href="/wiki/North_African_theatre_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="North African theatre (World War I)">North African theatre</a> <ul><li>19 November 1915 – February 1917 <a href="/wiki/Senussi_campaign" title="Senussi campaign">Senussi Campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945 <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li>10 June 1940 – 2 May 1945 <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East theatre</a> <ul><li>10 June 1940 – 27 November 27 1941 <a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African Campaign</a> <ul><li>3–19 August 1940 <a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">Italian conquest of British Somaliland</a></li> <li>5 February 1941 – 1 April 1941 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Keren" title="Battle of Keren">Battle of Keren</a></li> <li>4–19 May 1941 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amba_Alagi_(1941)" title="Battle of Amba Alagi (1941)">Battle of Amba Alagi</a></li> <li>13–27 November 1941 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gondar" title="Battle of Gondar">Battle of Gondar</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Republic_of_the_Sudan"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Sudan_(1956%E2%80%931969)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)">Republic of the Sudan</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Republic of the Sudan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>18 August 1955 – 27 March 1972 <a href="/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="First Sudanese Civil War">First Sudanese Civil War</a> <ul><li>17 November 1958 <a href="/wiki/1958_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1958 Sudanese coup d'état">1958 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li>25 May 1969 <a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Republic_of_the_Sudan_2"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Republic of the Sudan</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Republic of the Sudan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>5 June 1983 – 9 January 2005 <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> <ul><li>6 April 1985 <a href="/wiki/1985_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1985 Sudanese coup d'état">1985 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li>30 June 1989 <a href="/wiki/1989_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1989 Sudanese coup d'état">1989 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li></ul></li> <li>1987 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li>20 August 1998 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Infinite_Reach" title="Operation Infinite Reach">Operation Infinite Reach</a></li> <li>2003 – 2020 <a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a> <ul><li>10 – 12 May 2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Omdurman_attack" title="2008 Omdurman attack">2008 Omdurman attack</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malakal" title="Battle of Malakal">Battle of Malakal</a></li> <li>2008 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a> <ul><li>12 June 2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Sobat_River_ambush" title="2009 Sobat River ambush">2009 Sobat River ambush</a></li> <li>23 May 2010 <a href="/wiki/2010_South_Darfur_clash" title="2010 South Darfur clash">2010 South Darfur clash</a></li></ul></li> <li>January – February 2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Sudan_airstrikes" title="2009 Sudan airstrikes">2009 Sudan airstrikes</a></li> <li>2011 – 2020 <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a></li> <li>19 December 2018 – 10 October 2019 <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese Revolution">Sudanese Revolution</a> <ul><li>11 April 2019 <a href="/wiki/2019_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2019 Sudanese coup d'état">2019 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li></ul></li> <li>2021 Sudanese coup d'état <a href="/wiki/2021_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Sudanese coup d'état">2021 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li>2022 – 2023 <a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_clashes_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023)">Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023)</a></li> <li>2023 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese Civil War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tunisia"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Tunisia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Carthaginian_Empire"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginian Empire</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Carthaginian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>264–146 BCE <a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a> <ul><li>264–241 BCE <a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First Punic War</a> <ul><li>255 BCE <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aspis" title="Siege of Aspis">Siege of Aspis</a></li> <li>255 BCE Siege of Adys</li> <li>255 BCE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River_(255_BC)" title="Battle of the Bagradas River (255 BC)">Battle of Tunis</a></li></ul></li> <li>240–238 BCE <a href="/wiki/Mercenary_War" title="Mercenary War">Mercenary War</a> <ul><li>Spring 240 BCE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Utica" title="Battle of Utica">Battle of Utica</a></li> <li>Autumn 240 BCE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River_(240_BC)" title="Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC)">Battle of the Bagradas River</a></li> <li>Autumn 240 BCE <a href="/wiki/Hamilcar%27s_victory_with_Naravas" title="Hamilcar's victory with Naravas">Hamilcar's victory with Navaras</a></li> <li>238 BCE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saw" title="Battle of the Saw">Battle of "The Saw"</a></li> <li>238 BCE <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tunis_(Mercenary_War)" title="Siege of Tunis (Mercenary War)">Siege of Tunis</a></li></ul></li> <li>218–201 BCE <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a> <ul><li>203 BCE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Utica_(203_BC)" title="Battle of Utica (203 BC)">Battle of Utica</a></li> <li>203 BCE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Great_Plains" title="Battle of the Great Plains">Battle of the Great Plains</a></li> <li>19 October 202 BCE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zama" title="Battle of Zama">Battle of Zama</a></li></ul></li> <li>149–146 BCE <a href="/wiki/Third_Punic_War" title="Third Punic War">Third Punic War</a> <ul><li>147 BCE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Port_of_Carthage" title="Battle of the Port of Carthage">Battle of the Port of Carthage</a></li> <li>147 BCE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nepheris_(147_BC)" title="Battle of Nepheris (147 BC)">Battle of Nepheris</a></li> <li>c. 149 BCE – Spring 146 BCE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carthage_(149_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Carthage (149 BC)">Battle of Carthage</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kingdom_of_Numidia"><a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Kingdom of Numidia</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Numidia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>112–106 BCE <a href="/wiki/Jugurthine_War" title="Jugurthine War">Jugurthine War</a> <ul><li>111–104 BCE <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thala" title="Siege of Thala">Battle of Thala</a></li> <li>110 BCE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suthul" title="Battle of Suthul">Battle of Suthul</a></li> <li>108 BCE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Muthul" title="Battle of the Muthul">Battle of the Muthul</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roman_Province_of_Africa"><a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Roman Province of Africa</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Roman Province of Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>238 CE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carthage_(238)" title="Battle of Carthage (238)">Battle of Carthage</a></li> <li>429 CE - 432 <a href="/wiki/Vandal_conquest_of_Roman_Africa" title="Vandal conquest of Roman Africa">Vandal conquest of Roman Africa</a></li> <li>439 CE <a href="/wiki/Vandal_War_(439-442)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandal War (439-442)">Vandal War (439-442)</a>: Genseric broke the treaty between the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> and the Romans when he invaded the province of <a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Africa Proconsularis</a> and laid siege to <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>.</li> <li>461 CE - 468 <a href="/wiki/Vandal_War_(461%E2%80%93468)" title="Vandal War (461–468)">Vandal War (461–468)</a> <ul><li>468 CE <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Bon_(468)" title="Battle of Cape Bon (468)">Battle of Cap Bon</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vandal_Kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Vandal_Kingdom" title="Vandal Kingdom">Vandal Kingdom</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Vandal Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>June 533 – Mach 534 <a href="/wiki/Vandalic_War" title="Vandalic War">Vandalic War</a> <ul><li>13 September 533 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ad_Decimum" title="Battle of Ad Decimum">Battle of Ad Decimum</a></li> <li>15 December 533 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tricamarum" title="Battle of Tricamarum">Battle of Tricamarum</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Byzantine_Praetorian_Prefecture_of_Africa"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Africa" title="Praetorian prefecture of Africa">Byzantine Praetorian Prefecture of Africa</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Byzantine Praetorian Prefecture of Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Africa" title="Praetorian prefecture of Africa">The Moorish Wars</a> <ul><li>534 First Moorish uprising</li> <li>536 Military mutiny</li> <li>544 Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic</li></ul></li> <li>577 Conflict with Moorish kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Garmul" title="Garmul">Garmul</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Byzantine_Exarchate_of_Africa"><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa" title="Exarchate of Africa">Byzantine Exarchate of Africa</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Byzantine Exarchate of Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>647–709 <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb" title="Muslim conquest of the Maghreb">Muslim conquest of the Maghreb</a> <ul><li>698 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carthage_(698)" title="Battle of Carthage (698)">Battle of Carthage</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aghlabids"><a href="/wiki/Aghlabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aghlabids">Aghlabids</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Aghlabids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>824–836 Military mutiny</li> <li>879–880 Invasion of <a href="/wiki/Al-Abbas_ibn_Ahmad_ibn_Tulun" title="Al-Abbas ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun">al-Abbas ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fatimid_Caliphate"><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Fatimid Caliphate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>909 <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a> conquest of <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Aghlabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aghlabids">Aghlabids</a></li> <li>943–947 Rebellion of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Yazid" title="Abu Yazid">Abu Yazid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Almohad_Caliphate"><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad Caliphate</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Almohad Caliphate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1160 <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a> conquered and annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohads</a></li> <li>1171–1172 Conquest of North Africa and Nubia by the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid Dynasty</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ayyubid_Dynasty"><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid Dynasty</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Ayyubid Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1171–1172 Conquest of North Africa and Nubias by the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid Dynasty</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hafsid_Dynasty"><a href="/wiki/Hafsid_dynasty" title="Hafsid dynasty">Hafsid Dynasty</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Hafsid Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1269 <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">Eighth Crusade</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ottoman_Tunisia"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tunisia" title="Ottoman Tunisia">Ottoman Tunisia</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Ottoman Tunisia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1526–1791 <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Ottoman-Habsburg wars</a> <ul><li>16 August 1534 <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1534)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1534)">Conquest of Tunis</a></li> <li>June 1535 <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1535)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1535)">Conquest of Tunis</a></li> <li>12 July – 13 September 1574 <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1574)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1574)">Conquest of Tunis</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="French_Protectorate_of_Tunisia"><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Tunisia" title="French protectorate of Tunisia">French Protectorate of Tunisia</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: French Protectorate of Tunisia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945 <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li>10 June 1940 – 2 May 1945 <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East theatre</a> <ul><li>10 June 1940 – 13 May 1943 <a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North African Campaign</a> <ul><li>17 November 1942 – 13 May 1943 <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia Campaign</a> <ul><li>10 November – 25 December 1942 <a href="/wiki/Run_for_Tunis" title="Run for Tunis">Run for Tunis</a></li> <li>February – May 1943 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sedjenane" title="Battle of Sedjenane">Battle of Sedjenane</a></li> <li>14–17 February 1943 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sidi_Bou_Zid" title="Battle of Sidi Bou Zid">Battle of Sidi Bou Zid</a></li> <li>19–25 February 1943 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kasserine_Pass" title="Battle of Kasserine Pass">Battle of the Kasserine Pass</a></li> <li>6 March 1943 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Medenine" title="Battle of Medenine">Battle of Medenine</a></li> <li>16–27 March 1943 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mareth_Line" title="Battle of the Mareth Line">Operation Pugilist</a></li> <li>23 March – 3 April 1943 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_El_Guettar" title="Battle of El Guettar">Battle of El Guettar</a></li> <li>5–27 April 1943 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Flax" title="Operation Flax">Operation Flax</a></li> <li>6–7 April 1943 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wadi_Akarit" title="Battle of Wadi Akarit">Battle of Wadi Akarit</a></li> <li>27 April – 1 May 1943 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_609" title="Battle of Hill 609">Battle of Hill 609</a></li> <li>6–12 May 1943 <a href="/wiki/Operations_Vulcan_and_Strike" title="Operations Vulcan and Strike">Operation Vulcan</a></li> <li>8–13 May 1943 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution" title="Operation Retribution">Operation Retribution</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kingdom_of_Tunisia"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Kingdom of Tunisia</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Tunisia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1952 – 1956 <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_independence" title="Tunisian independence">Tunisian Independence movement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Republic_of_Tunisia"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Republic of Tunisia</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Republic of Tunisia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1961 <a href="/wiki/Bizerte_crisis" title="Bizerte crisis">Bizerte Crisis</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/1980_Gafsa_Uprising" title="1980 Gafsa Uprising">1980 Gafsa Uprising</a></li> <li>1 October 1985 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg">Operation Wooden Leg</a></li> <li>7 November 1987 <a href="/wiki/1987_Tunisian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Tunisian coup d'état">1987 Tunisian coup d'état</a></li> <li>2002 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a> <ul><li>3 January 2007 <a href="/wiki/Soliman_Shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Soliman Shooting">Soliman Shooting</a></li> <li>2012 – 2019 <a href="/wiki/Chaambi_Operations" title="Chaambi Operations">Chaambi Operations</a></li></ul></li> <li>18 December 2010 – 14 January 2011 <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisian Revolution">Tunisian Revolution</a></li> <li>3 – 4 February 2014 <a href="/wiki/Raoued_Operation" title="Raoued Operation">Raoued Operation</a></li> <li>2015 – 2022 <a href="/wiki/ISIL_insurgency_in_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL insurgency in Tunisia">ISIL insurgency in Tunisia</a></li> <li>25 July 2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Tunisian_self-coup" title="2021 Tunisian self-coup">2021 Tunisian self-coup</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Southern_Africa"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Southern Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angola"><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Angola"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1961 – 1974 <a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li>1966 – 1990 <a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_Border_War_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/South_Africa_Border_War_Map.png/220px-South_Africa_Border_War_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/South_Africa_Border_War_Map.png/330px-South_Africa_Border_War_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/South_Africa_Border_War_Map.png/440px-South_Africa_Border_War_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption>Maximum extent of <a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa" title="History of South Africa">South African</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNITA" title="UNITA">UNITA</a> operations in Angola and Zambia during the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>4 May 1978 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassinga" title="Battle of Cassinga">Battle of Cassinga</a></li></ul></li> <li>1975 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a></li> <li>1975 – 2002 <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> <ul><li>27 May 1977 <a href="/wiki/1977_Angolan_coup_attempt" title="1977 Angolan coup attempt">1977 Angolan coup attempt</a></li> <li>14 August 1987 – 23 March 1988 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale" title="Battle of Cuito Cuanavale">Battle of Cuito Cuanavale</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lesotho"><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: Lesotho"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1880–1881 <a href="/wiki/Basotho_Gun_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Basotho Gun War">Basotho Gun War</a></li> <li>30 January 1970 <a href="/wiki/1970_Lesotho_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1970 Lesotho coup d'état">1970 Lesotho coup d'état</a></li> <li>1974 – 1990 <a href="/wiki/Lesotho_Liberation_Army#History" title="Lesotho Liberation Army">BCP Insurgency</a></li> <li>20 January 1986 <a href="/wiki/1986_Lesotho_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1986 Lesotho coup d'état">1986 Lesotho coup d'état</a></li> <li>30 April 1991 <a href="/wiki/1991_Lesotho_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Lesotho coup d'état">1991 Lesotho coup d'état</a></li> <li>17 August 1994 <a href="/wiki/1994_Lesotho_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1994 Lesotho coup d'état">1994 Lesotho coup d'état</a></li> <li>22 September 1998 – May 1999 <a href="/wiki/South_African_intervention_in_Lesotho" title="South African intervention in Lesotho">South African intervention in Lesotho</a></li> <li>30 August 2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Lesotho_political_crisis" title="2014 Lesotho political crisis">2014 Lesotho political crisis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malawi"><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: Malawi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>August 3, 1914 – November 1918 <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li>3 March 1959 – 16 June 1960 <a href="/wiki/Nyasaland_emergency_of_1959" title="Nyasaland emergency of 1959">Nyasaland emergency of 1959</a> <ul><li>3 – 5 March 1959 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sunrise_(Nyasaland)" title="Operation Sunrise (Nyasaland)">Operation Sunrise</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 – 1993 <a href="/wiki/Malawi_Young_Pioneers#Operation_Bwezani" title="Malawi Young Pioneers">Operation Bwezani</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mozambique"><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Mozambique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li>1964 – 1974 <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li> <li>1964 – 1979 <a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li>1977 – 1992 <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li>2013 – 2021 <a href="/wiki/RENAMO_insurgency_(2013%E2%80%932021)" title="RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)">RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)</a></li> <li>2017 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Namibia"><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Namibia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1904–1907 <a href="/wiki/Herero_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Herero Genocide">Herero Genocide</a></li> <li>July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li>September 15, 1914 – February 4, 1915 <a href="/wiki/Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">Maritz Rebellion</a></li></ul></li> <li>August 26, 1966 – March 21, 1990 <a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li>1994 – 1999 <a href="/wiki/Caprivi_conflict" title="Caprivi conflict">Caprivi conflict</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_in_South_Africa" title="List of battles in South Africa">List of battles in South Africa</a></div> <ul><li>May 18, 1803 – November 20, 1815 <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li>1817–1819 <a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe%E2%80%93Zulu_War" title="Ndwandwe–Zulu War">Ndwandwe–Zulu War</a></li> <li>1830s–1840s <a href="/wiki/Great_Trek" title="Great Trek">Great Trek</a></li> <li>February 17, 1838 <a href="/wiki/Weenen_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Weenen Massacre">Weenen Massacre</a></li> <li>January 11, 1879 – July 4, 1879 <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War" title="Anglo-Zulu War">Anglo-Zulu War</a></li> <li>1779–1879 <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_Wars" title="Xhosa Wars">Xhosa Wars</a></li> <li>December 20, 1880 – March 23, 1881 <a href="/wiki/First_Boer_War" title="First Boer War">First Boer War</a></li> <li>October 11, 1899 – May 31, 1902 <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></li> <li>July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li>September 15, 1914 – February 4, 1915 <a href="/wiki/Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">Maritz Rebellion</a></li></ul></li> <li>September 4, 1939 – May 7, 1945 <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li>1948 – 1994 <a href="/wiki/Internal_resistance_to_apartheid" title="Internal resistance to apartheid">Internal resistance to apartheid</a> <ul><li>1950 <a href="/wiki/Witzieshoek_revolt" title="Witzieshoek revolt">Witzieshoek revolt</a></li> <li>21 March 1960 <a href="/wiki/Sharpeville_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharpeville Massacre">Sharpeville Massacre</a></li> <li>16 June 1976 <a href="/wiki/Soweto_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Soweto Uprising">Soweto Uprising</a></li> <li>3 September 1984 <a href="/wiki/Vaal_uprising" title="Vaal uprising">Vaal uprising</a></li> <li>1986 – 1987 <a href="/wiki/Ciskei#Ciskei–Transkei_hostilities_and_Operation_Katzen" title="Ciskei">Ciskei-Transkei conflict</a></li> <li>30 December 1987 <a href="/wiki/1987_Transkei_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Transkei coup d'état">1987 Transkei coup d'état</a></li> <li>4 March 1990 <a href="/wiki/1990_Ciskei_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Ciskei coup d'état">1990 Ciskei coup d'état</a></li> <li>5 April 1990 <a href="/wiki/1990_Venda_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Venda coup d'état">1990 Venda coup d'état</a></li> <li>9 August 1991 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ventersdorp" title="Battle of Ventersdorp">Battle of Ventersdorp</a></li> <li>7 September 1992 <a href="/wiki/Bisho_massacre" title="Bisho massacre">Bisho massacre</a></li> <li>25 July 1993 <a href="/wiki/Saint_James_Church_massacre" title="Saint James Church massacre">Saint James Church massacre</a></li> <li>30 December 1993 <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Tavern_massacre" title="Heidelberg Tavern massacre">Heidelberg Tavern massacre</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">1994 Bophuthatswana crisis</a></li> <li>28 March 1994 <a href="/wiki/Shell_House_massacre" title="Shell House massacre">Shell House massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 – 1990 <a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eswatini"><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: Eswatini"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>October 11, 1899 – May 31, 1902 <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zambia"><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section: Zambia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li>September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945 <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li>1964 – 1979 <a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li>1 July 1990 <a href="/wiki/1990_Zambian_coup_attempt" title="1990 Zambian coup attempt">1990 Zambian coup attempt</a></li> <li>28 October 1997 <a href="/wiki/1997_Zambian_coup_attempt" title="1997 Zambian coup attempt">1997 Zambian coup attempt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zimbabwe"><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=88" title="Edit section: Zimbabwe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>October 1893 – January 1894 <a href="/wiki/First_Matabele_War" title="First Matabele War">First Matabele War</a></li> <li>March 1896 – <a href="/wiki/Second_Matabele_War" title="Second Matabele War">Second Matabele War</a></li> <li>1964 – 1979 <a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/1980_Entumbane_clashes" title="1980 Entumbane clashes">1980 Entumbane clashes</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/1981_Entumbane_uprising" title="1981 Entumbane uprising">1981 Entumbane uprising</a></li> <li>1983 – 1987 <a href="/wiki/Gukurahundi" title="Gukurahundi">Gukurahundi</a></li> <li>November 14 – 21, 2017 <a href="/wiki/2017_Zimbabwean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état">2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="West_Africa"><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=89" title="Edit section: West Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Benin"><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=90" title="Edit section: Benin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1724–1727 <a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Abomey (Dahomey) conquests</a></li> <li>1726–1730 <a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">First Oyo-Dahomey War</a></li> <li>1738–1748 <a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Oyo Conquest of Dahomey</a></li> <li>1764 <a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti Empire">Second Ashanti-Akim War</a></li> <li>1768 <a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti Empire">Yoruba-Ashanti War</a></li> <li>1851 <a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">First Dahomean-Abeokuta War</a></li> <li>1864 <a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Second Dahomean-Abeokuta War</a></li> <li>1889–1894 <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li>October 28, 1963 <a href="/wiki/1963_Dahomeyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Dahomeyan coup d'état">1963 Dahomeyan coup d'état</a></li> <li>October 26, 1972 <a href="/wiki/1972_Dahomeyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1972 Dahomeyan coup d'état">1972 Dahomeyan coup d'état</a></li> <li>January 17, 1977 <a href="/wiki/1977_Benin_coup_attempt" title="1977 Benin coup attempt">1977 Benin coup attempt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burkina_Faso"><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=91" title="Edit section: Burkina Faso"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>3 January 1966 <a href="/wiki/1966_Upper_Voltan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état">1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état</a></li> <li>8 February 1974 <a href="/wiki/1974_Upper_Voltan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Upper Voltan coup d'état">1974 Upper Voltan coup d'état</a></li> <li>25 November 1980 <a href="/wiki/1980_Upper_Voltan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Upper Voltan coup d'état">1980 Upper Voltan coup d'état</a></li> <li>7 November 1982 <a href="/wiki/1982_Upper_Voltan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1982 Upper Voltan coup d'état">1982 Upper Voltan coup d'état</a></li> <li>28 February 1983 <a href="/wiki/1983_Upper_Voltan_coup_attempt" title="1983 Upper Voltan coup attempt">1983 Upper Voltan coup attempt</a></li> <li>4 August 1983 <a href="/wiki/1983_Upper_Voltan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1983 Upper Voltan coup d'état">1983 Upper Voltan coup d'état</a></li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/Agacher_Strip_War" title="Agacher Strip War">Agacher Strip War</a></li> <li>15 October 1987 <a href="/wiki/1987_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Burkina Faso coup d'état">1987 Burkina Faso coup d'état</a></li> <li>18 September 1989 <a href="/wiki/1989_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="1989 Burkina Faso coup attempt">1989 Burkina Faso coup attempt</a></li> <li>2007 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a> <ul><li>2011 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a> <ul><li>August 1, 2014 — November 9, 2022 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a></li> <li>2015 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</a> <ul><li>2 March 2018 <a href="/wiki/2018_Ouagadougou_attacks" title="2018 Ouagadougou attacks">2018 Ouagadougou attacks</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>16 – 23 September 2015 <a href="/wiki/2015_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2015 Burkina Faso coup attempt">2015 Burkina Faso coup attempt</a></li> <li>8 October 2016 <a href="/wiki/2016_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2016 Burkina Faso coup attempt">2016 Burkina Faso coup attempt</a></li> <li>23 – 24 January 2022 <a href="/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état</a></li> <li>30 September 2022 <a href="/wiki/September_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état</a></li> <li>26 September 2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2023 Burkina Faso coup attempt">2023 Burkina Faso coup attempt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Côte_d'Ivoire"><span id="C.C3.B4te_d.27Ivoire"></span><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d'Ivoire">Côte d'Ivoire</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=92" title="Edit section: Côte d'Ivoire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1883–1898 <a href="/wiki/Mandingo_Wars" title="Mandingo Wars">Mandingo Wars</a></li> <li>December 24, 1999 <a href="/wiki/1999_Ivorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Ivorian coup d'état">1999 Ivorian coup d'état</a></li> <li>January 7 – 8, 2001 <a href="/wiki/2001_Ivorian_coup_attempt" title="2001 Ivorian coup attempt">2001 Ivorian coup attempt</a></li> <li>2002 – 2007 <a href="/wiki/First_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="First Ivorian Civil War">First Ivorian Civil War</a> <ul><li>September 19, 2002 <a href="/wiki/2002_Ivorian_coup_attempt" title="2002 Ivorian coup attempt">2002 Ivorian coup attempt</a></li></ul></li> <li>September 22, 2002 – January 21, 2015 <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Licorne" title="Opération Licorne">Opération Licorne</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/2004_French%E2%80%93Ivorian_clashes" title="2004 French–Ivorian clashes">2004 French–Ivorian clashes</a></li> <li>2010 – 2011 <a href="/wiki/Second_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="Second Ivorian Civil War">Second Ivorian Civil War</a></li> <li>June 12, 2012 <a href="/wiki/2012_Ivorian_coup_attempt" title="2012 Ivorian coup attempt">2012 Ivorian coup attempt</a></li> <li>May 6 – 16, 2017 <a href="/wiki/2017_Ivory_Coast_mutinies" title="2017 Ivory Coast mutinies">2017 Ivory Coast mutinies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gambia"><a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=93" title="Edit section: Gambia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>30 July – 4 August 1981 <a href="/wiki/1981_Gambian_coup_attempt" title="1981 Gambian coup attempt">1981 Gambian coup attempt</a></li> <li>22 July 1994 <a href="/wiki/1994_Gambian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1994 Gambian coup d'état">1994 Gambian coup d'état</a></li> <li>30 December 2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Gambian_coup_attempt" title="2014 Gambian coup attempt">2014 Gambian coup attempt</a></li> <li>9 December 2016 – 21 January 2017 <a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932017_Gambian_constitutional_crisis" title="2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis">2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis</a> <ul><li>2017 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/ECOWAS_military_intervention_in_the_Gambia" title="ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia">ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia</a></li></ul></li> <li>20 December 2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Gambian_coup_attempt" title="2022 Gambian coup attempt">2022 Gambian coup attempt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ghana"><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=94" title="Edit section: Ghana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Ghana" title="List of conflicts in Ghana">List of conflicts in Ghana</a></div> <ul><li>1620–1654 <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Portuguese_War" title="Dutch–Portuguese War">Dutch–Portuguese War</a></li> <li>1664–1665 <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Wars" title="Anglo-Dutch Wars">Anglo-Dutch Wars</a></li> <li>1823–1831 <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Ashanti_wars" title="Anglo-Ashanti wars">Anglo-Ashanti wars</a></li> <li>1900 <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Golden_Stool" title="War of the Golden Stool">War of the Golden Stool</a></li> <li>February 28, 1948 <a href="/wiki/1948_Accra_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Accra Riots">1948 Accra Riots</a></li> <li>February 24, 1966 <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Council#1966_coup" title="National Liberation Council">1966 Ghanaian coup d'etat</a></li> <li>April 17, 1967 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Guitar_Boy" title="Operation Guitar Boy">Operation Guitar Boy</a></li> <li>June 4, 1979 <a href="/wiki/June_4th_revolution_in_Ghana" title="June 4th revolution in Ghana">June 4th revolution in Ghana</a></li> <li>December 31, 1981 <a href="/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1981 Ghanaian coup d'état">1981 Ghanaian coup d'état</a></li> <li>1994 – 2015 <a href="/wiki/Konkomba%E2%80%93Nanumba_conflict" title="Konkomba–Nanumba conflict">Konkomba–Nanumba conflict</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/2002_Dagbon_chieftaincy_crisis" title="2002 Dagbon chieftaincy crisis">Yendi conflict</a></li> <li>2019 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Gonja-Mamprusi_conflict" title="Gonja-Mamprusi conflict">Gonja-Mamprusi conflict</a></li> <li>2020 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guinea"><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=95" title="Edit section: Guinea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>22 November 1970 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Green_Sea" title="Operation Green Sea">Operation Green Sea</a></li> <li>3 April 1984 <a href="/wiki/1984_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1984 Guinean coup d'état">1984 Guinean coup d'état</a></li> <li>February 2 – 3, 1996 <a href="/wiki/1996_Guinean_coup_attempt" title="1996 Guinean coup attempt">1996 Guinean coup attempt</a></li> <li>2000 – 2001 <a href="/wiki/RFDG_Insurgency" title="RFDG Insurgency">RFDG Insurgency</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/2013_Guinea_clashes" title="2013 Guinea clashes">2013 Guinea clashes</a></li> <li>5 September 2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Guinean coup d'état">2021 Guinean coup d'état</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guinea-Bissau"><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=96" title="Edit section: Guinea-Bissau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>23 January 1963 – 10 September 1974 <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li>14 November 1980 <a href="/wiki/1980_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">1980 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état</a></li> <li>1998 – 1999 <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Civil_War" title="Guinea-Bissau Civil War">Guinea-Bissau Civil War</a> <ul><li>7 June 1998 <a href="/wiki/1998_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="1998 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">1998 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt</a></li></ul></li> <li>14 September 2003 <a href="/wiki/2003_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2003 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">2003 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état</a></li> <li>26 December 2011 <a href="/wiki/2011_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2011 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">2011 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt</a></li> <li>12 April 2012 <a href="/wiki/2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état</a></li> <li>1 February 2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2022 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">2022 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt</a></li> <li>30 November 2023 – 1 December 2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2023 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">2023 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberia"><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=97" title="Edit section: Liberia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>October 1871 <a href="/wiki/1871_Liberian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1871 Liberian coup d'état">1871 Liberian coup d'état</a></li> <li>April 12, 1980 <a href="/wiki/1980_Liberian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Liberian coup d'état">1980 Liberian coup d'état</a></li> <li>November 12, 1985 <a href="/wiki/1985_Liberian_coup_attempt" title="1985 Liberian coup attempt">1985 Liberian coup attempt</a></li> <li>September 15, 1994 <a href="/wiki/1994_Liberian_coup_attempt" title="1994 Liberian coup attempt">1994 Liberian coup attempt</a></li> <li>1989 – 1996 <a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">First Liberian Civil War</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/1998_Monrovia_clashes" title="1998 Monrovia clashes">1998 Monrovia clashes</a></li> <li>1999 – 2003 <a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">Second Liberian Civil War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mali"><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=98" title="Edit section: Mali"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Mali" title="List of conflicts in Mali">List of conflicts in Mali</a></div> <ul><li>647–709 <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb" title="Muslim conquest of the Maghreb">Muslim conquest of the Maghreb</a></li> <li>1075 <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty#Ghana_Empire_and_the_southern_wing" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid conquest of the Ghana Empire</a></li> <li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1230–1250 <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Mali_Empire#Early_imperial_expansion_.281235.E2.80.931300.29" title="Military history of the Mali Empire">Early imperial expansion of the Mali Empire</a></li> <li>1400 <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Mali_Empire#The_Sandaki_usurpation_and_second_Mossi_raid" title="Military history of the Mali Empire">The Sandaki usurpation and second Mossi raid</a></li> <li>1433 <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Mali_Empire#The_Tuareg_invasion" title="Military history of the Mali Empire">The Tuareg invasion</a></li> <li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1460s <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Mali_Empire#Songhai_hegemony" title="Military history of the Mali Empire">Songhai conquered Mema</a></li> <li>1810–1818 <a href="/wiki/Islam_and_war#Jihad_in_Africa_.281810-1818.29" title="Islam and war">Mopti Jihad</a></li> <li>1848–1864 <a href="/wiki/El_Hadj_Umar_Tall#Initial_conquests" class="mw-redirect" title="El Hadj Umar Tall">Initial conquests of El Hadj Umar Tall Jihad</a></li> <li>1883–1886 <a href="/wiki/Mandingo_Wars" title="Mandingo Wars">Mandingo Wars</a></li> <li>1962 – 1964 <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(1962%E2%80%9364)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuareg rebellion (1962–64)">Tuareg rebellion (1962–64)</a></li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/Agacher_Strip_War" title="Agacher Strip War">Agacher Strip War</a></li> <li>1990 – 1995 <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(1990%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuareg rebellion (1990–95)">Tuareg rebellion (1990–95)</a></li> <li>2002 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a> <ul><li>6 February 2007 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a> <ul><li>2009 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> <ul><li>23 January – 24 December 2015 <a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">2015 West African offensive</a></li> <li>November 2018 – February 2020 <a href="/wiki/Chad_Basin_campaign_(2018%E2%80%932020)" title="Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)">Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 – present <a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a> <ul><li>January 16, 2012 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> <ul><li>January 16, 2012 – April 6, 2012 <a href="/wiki/2012_Tuareg_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Tuareg rebellion">2012 Tuareg rebellion</a> <ul><li>January 18, 2012 — March 11, 2012 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessalit" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tessalit">Battle of Tessalit</a></li> <li>January 17 — 25, 2012 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aguelhok" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Aguelhok">Battle of Aguelhok</a></li> <li>February 7 — 8, 2012 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tinzaouaten_(2012)" title="Battle of Tinzaouaten (2012)">Battle of Tinzaouaten (2012)</a></li></ul></li> <li>March 21, 2012 — April 8, 2012 <a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Malian coup d'état">2012 Malian coup d'état</a></li> <li>June 27, 2012 — <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Azawad_conflict" title="Azawad conflict">Azawad conflict</a> <ul><li>June 26 — 27, 2012 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gao" title="Battle of Gao">Battle of Gao</a></li> <li>November 16 — 20, 2012 <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_M%C3%A9naka" title="Second Battle of Ménaka">Second Battle of Ménaka</a></li> <li>February 22 — 23, 2013 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khalil" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Khalil">Battle of Khalil</a></li> <li>March 29 — 30, 2013 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In_Arab" title="Battle of In Arab">Battle of In Arab</a></li></ul></li> <li>January 11, 2013 — 15 July 2014 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Serval" title="Operation Serval">Operation Serval</a></li> <li>August 1, 2014 — November 9, 2022 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a></li> <li>August 18, 2020 <a href="/wiki/2020_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2020 Malian coup d'état">2020 Malian coup d'état</a></li> <li>May 24, 2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Malian coup d'état">2021 Malian coup d'état</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/2006_Tuareg_rebellion" title="2006 Tuareg rebellion">2006 Tuareg rebellion</a></li> <li>2007 – 2009 <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2007%E2%80%932009)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)">Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mauritania"><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=99" title="Edit section: Mauritania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Mauritania" title="List of conflicts in Mauritania">List of conflicts in Mauritania</a></div> <ul><li>June 17, 1970 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li>10 July 1978 <a href="/wiki/1978_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1978 Mauritanian coup d'état">1978 Mauritanian coup d'état</a></li> <li>6 April 1979 <a href="/wiki/1979_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1979 Mauritanian coup d'état">1979 Mauritanian coup d'état</a></li> <li>4 January 1980 <a href="/wiki/1980_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Mauritanian coup d'état">1980 Mauritanian coup d'état</a></li> <li>16 March 1981 <a href="/wiki/1981_Mauritanian_coup_attempt" title="1981 Mauritanian coup attempt">1981 Mauritanian coup attempt</a></li> <li>12 December 1984 <a href="/wiki/1984_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1984 Mauritanian coup d'état">1984 Mauritanian coup d'état</a></li> <li>1989 – 1991 <a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93Senegal_Border_War" title="Mauritania–Senegal Border War">Mauritania–Senegal Border War</a></li> <li>2002 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a> <ul><li>6 February 2007 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a></li> <li>August 1, 2014 — November 9, 2022 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a></li></ul></li> <li>8 – 9 June 2003 <a href="/wiki/2003_Mauritanian_coup_attempt" title="2003 Mauritanian coup attempt">2003 Mauritanian coup attempt</a></li> <li>3 August 2005 <a href="/wiki/2005_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Mauritanian coup d'état">2005 Mauritanian coup d'état</a></li> <li>6 August 2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2008 Mauritanian coup d'état">2008 Mauritanian coup d'état</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niger"><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=100" title="Edit section: Niger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1516–1517 <a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai Civil War</a></li> <li>1916–1917 <a href="/wiki/Kaocen_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaocen Revolt">Kaocen Revolt</a></li> <li>15 April 1974 <a href="/wiki/1974_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Nigerien coup d'état">1974 Nigerien coup d'état</a></li> <li>1990 – 1995 <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(1990%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuareg rebellion (1990–95)">Tuareg rebellion (1990–95)</a></li> <li>27 January 1996 <a href="/wiki/1996_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1996 Nigerien coup d'état">1996 Nigerien coup d'état</a></li> <li>9 April 1999 <a href="/wiki/1999_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Nigerien coup d'état">1999 Nigerien coup d'état</a></li> <li>2007 – 2009 <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2007%E2%80%9309)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuareg rebellion (2007–09)">Tuareg rebellion (2007–09)</a></li> <li>* 2002 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a> <ul><li>2007 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a> <ul><li>2011 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a></li> <li>August 1, 2014 — November 9, 2022 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a></li> <li>2015 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Jihadist insurgency in Niger</a> <ul><li>4 October 2017 <a href="/wiki/Tongo_Tongo_ambush" title="Tongo Tongo ambush">Tongo Tongo ambush</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>2009 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> <ul><li>23 January – 24 December 2015 <a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">2015 West African offensive</a></li> <li>November 2018 – February 2020 <a href="/wiki/Chad_Basin_campaign_(2018%E2%80%932020)" title="Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)">Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>18 February 2010 <a href="/wiki/2010_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2010 Nigerien coup d'état">2010 Nigerien coup d'état</a></li> <li>12 – 13 July 2011 <a href="/wiki/2011_Nigerien_coup_attempt" title="2011 Nigerien coup attempt">2011 Nigerien coup attempt</a></li> <li>31 March 2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Nigerien_coup_attempt" title="2021 Nigerien coup attempt">2021 Nigerien coup attempt</a></li> <li>26 – 28 July 2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Nigerien coup d'état">2023 Nigerien coup d'état</a></li> <li>29 July 2023 – 24 February 2024 <a href="/wiki/Nigerien_crisis_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Nigerien crisis (2023–2024)">Nigerien crisis (2023–2024)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nigeria"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=101" title="Edit section: Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1578–1608 <a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Oyo-Benin War</a></li> <li>1804–1808 <a href="/wiki/Fulani_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani War">Fulani War</a></li> <li>1835–1836 <a href="/wiki/Fula_jihads" title="Fula jihads">Fula jihads</a></li> <li>1873 – <a href="/wiki/Islam_and_war#Rafin_Jaki_battle" title="Islam and war">Rafin Jaki Jihad</a></li> <li>1877– 1893 <b><a href="/wiki/Kiriji_War" title="Kiriji War">Kiriji War</a></b> <b><a href="/wiki/Kiriji_War" title="Kiriji War">( <i>Ekiti–Parapo War</i>)</a></b></li> <li>1897 <a href="/wiki/Benin_Expedition_of_1897" title="Benin Expedition of 1897">Benin Expedition</a></li> <li>1967 – 1970 <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a> <ul><li>July 2 – 12, 1967 <a href="/wiki/Operation_UNICORD" title="Operation UNICORD">Operation UNICORD</a></li> <li>August 9 – September 20, 1967 <a href="/wiki/Midwest_Invasion_of_1967" title="Midwest Invasion of 1967">Midwest Invasion of 1967</a></li> <li>12 September – 4 October 1967 <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Enugu" title="Fall of Enugu">Fall of Enugu</a></li> <li>October 4 – 12, 1967 <a href="/wiki/First_Invasion_of_Onitsha" title="First Invasion of Onitsha">First Invasion of Onitsha</a></li> <li>October 17 – 19, 1967 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_Claw" title="Operation Tiger Claw">Operation Tiger Claw</a></li> <li>January 2 - March 20, 1968 <a href="/wiki/Second_Invasion_of_Onitsha" title="Second Invasion of Onitsha">Second Invasion of Onitsha</a></li> <li>31 March 1968 <a href="/wiki/Abagana_Ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="Abagana Ambush">Abagana Ambush</a></li> <li>March 8 – May 24, 1968 <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Port_Harcourt" title="Invasion of Port Harcourt">Invasion of Port Harcourt</a></li> <li>2 September – 15 October 1968 <a href="/wiki/Operation_OAU" title="Operation OAU">Operation OAU</a></li> <li>15 – 29 November 1968 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hiroshima" title="Operation Hiroshima">Operation Hiroshima</a></li> <li>October 15, 1968 – April 25, 1969 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Owerri" title="Siege of Owerri">Siege of Owerri</a></li> <li>March 27 – April 22, 1969 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Leopard_(1969)" title="Operation Leopard (1969)">Operation Leopard (1969)</a></li> <li>December 20 – 24, 1969 <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Umuahia" title="Invasion of Umuahia">Invasion of Umuahia</a></li></ul></li> <li>15 – 16 January 1966 <a href="/wiki/1966_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Nigerian coup d'état">1966 Nigerian coup d'état</a></li> <li>28 July – 1 August 1966 <a href="/wiki/1966_Nigerian_counter-coup" title="1966 Nigerian counter-coup">1966 Nigerian counter-coup</a> <ul><li>January 7 – 12, 1970 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tail-Wind" title="Operation Tail-Wind">Operation Tail-Wind</a></li></ul></li> <li>July 29, 1975 <a href="/wiki/1975_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1975 Nigerian coup d'état">1975 Nigerian coup d'état</a></li> <li>February 13, 1976 <a href="/wiki/1976_Nigerian_coup_attempt" title="1976 Nigerian coup attempt">1976 Nigerian coup attempt</a></li> <li>April 1983 <a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Nigerian_War" title="Chadian–Nigerian War">Chadian–Nigerian War</a></li> <li>31 December 1983 <a href="/wiki/1983_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1983 Nigerian coup d'état">1983 Nigerian coup d'état</a></li> <li>August 27, 1985 <a href="/wiki/1985_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1985 Nigerian coup d'état">1985 Nigerian coup d'état</a></li> <li>April 22, 1990 <a href="/wiki/1990_Nigerian_coup_attempt" title="1990 Nigerian coup attempt">1990 Nigerian coup attempt</a></li> <li>November 17, 1993 <a href="/wiki/1993_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1993 Nigerian coup d'état">1993 Nigerian coup d'état</a></li> <li>1997 – 2003 <a href="/wiki/Warri_Crisis" title="Warri Crisis">Warri Crisis</a></li> <li>1998 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> <ul><li>1953 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence in Nigeria</a></li> <li>1998 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria</a></li> <li>2011 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_bandit_conflict" title="Nigerian bandit conflict">Nigerian bandit conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Conflict in the Niger Delta</a> <ul><li>2016 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/2016_Niger_Delta_conflict" title="2016 Niger Delta conflict">2016 Niger Delta conflict</a></li> <li>2021 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a> <ul><li>16 May 2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Anambra_ambush" title="2023 Anambra ambush">2023 Anambra ambush</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>14 September 2001 – 30 August 2021 <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a> <ul><li>2007 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a> <ul><li>2009 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> <ul><li>26 – 29 July 2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Boko_Haram_uprising" title="2009 Boko Haram uprising">2009 Boko Haram uprising</a></li> <li>13 – 14 May 2014 <a href="/wiki/Chibok_ambush" title="Chibok ambush">Chibok ambush</a></li> <li>23 January – 24 December 2015 <a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">2015 West African offensive</a></li> <li>November 2018 – February 2020 <a href="/wiki/Chad_Basin_campaign_(2018%E2%80%932020)" title="Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)">Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>15 February 2011 – <i>present</i> <a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a></li></ul></li> <li>March 8, 2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Enugu_Government_House_attack" title="2014 Enugu Government House attack">2014 Enugu Government House attack</a></li> <li>June 15, 2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Enugu_State_Broadcasting_Service_attack" title="2014 Enugu State Broadcasting Service attack">2014 Enugu State Broadcasting Service attack</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senegal"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=102" title="Edit section: Senegal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1549 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Danki" title="Battle of Danki">Battle of Danki</a></li> <li>1644-1677 <a href="/wiki/Char_Bouba_war" title="Char Bouba war">Char Bouba war</a></li> <li>1860-1886 <a href="/wiki/Cayor" title="Cayor">Franco-Cayor Wars</a></li> <li>1880-1899 <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jolof" title="Kingdom of Jolof">Franco-Wolof Wars</a></li> <li>1860-1920 <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Conquest_of_Casamance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Conquest of Casamance (page does not exist)">French Conquest of Casamance</a></li> <li>1886-1887 <a href="/wiki/Mahmadu_Lamine" title="Mahmadu Lamine">Uprising of Mahmadu Lamine</a></li> <li>1982 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li>1989 – 1991 <a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93Senegal_Border_War" title="Mauritania–Senegal Border War">Mauritania–Senegal Border War</a></li> <li>2007 – <i>ongoing</i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sierra_Leone"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=103" title="Edit section: Sierra Leone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February 7, 1813 <a href="/wiki/Action_of_7_February_1813" title="Action of 7 February 1813">Action</a></li> <li>April 18, 1968 <a href="/wiki/Sergeants%27_Coup_(Sierra_Leone)" title="Sergeants' Coup (Sierra Leone)">Sergeant's Coup</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li>1991 – 2002 <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="Sierra Leone Civil War">Sierra Leone Civil War</a> <ul><li>April 29, 1992 <a href="/wiki/1992_Sierra_Leonean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1992 Sierra Leonean coup d'état">1992 Sierra Leonean coup d'état</a></li></ul></li> <li>November 26 – 28, 2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Sierra_Leone_coup_attempt" title="2023 Sierra Leone coup attempt">2023 Sierra Leone coup attempt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Togo"><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=104" title="Edit section: Togo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>13 January 1963 <a href="/wiki/1963_Togolese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Togolese coup d'état">1963 Togolese coup d'état</a></li> <li>13 January 1967 <a href="/wiki/1967_Togolese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1967 Togolese coup d'état">1967 Togolese coup d'état</a></li> <li>23 September 1986 <a href="/wiki/1986_Togolese_coup_attempt" title="1986 Togolese coup attempt">1986 Togolese coup attempt</a></li> <li>February 5 – 25, 2005 <a href="/wiki/2005_Togolese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Togolese coup d'état">2005 Togolese coup d'état</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronological_list_of_wars">Chronological list of wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=105" title="Edit section: Chronological list of wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=106" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1801–1807 <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Koya" title="Kingdom of Koya">Temne War</a></li> <li>1801–1805 <a href="/wiki/First_Barbary_War" title="First Barbary War">First Barbary War</a></li> <li>1803–1805 <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> <ul><li>1803–1806 <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="War of the Third Coalition">War of the Third Coalition</a> <ul><li>1806 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaauwberg" title="Battle of Blaauwberg">Battle of Blaauwberg</a></li></ul></li> <li>1807–1809 <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Turkish_War_(1807%E2%80%9309)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Turkish War (1807–09)">Anglo-Turkish War</a> <ul><li>1807 <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_expedition_of_1807" title="Alexandria expedition of 1807">Alexandria expedition</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>1804–1808 <a href="/wiki/Fulani_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani War">Fulani War</a></li> <li>1805–1811 <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali%27s_seizure_of_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ali's seizure of power">Muhammad Ali's seizure of power</a></li> <li>1806–1807 <a href="/wiki/Ashanti%E2%80%93Fante_War" title="Ashanti–Fante War">Ashanti–Fante War</a></li> <li>1807–1818 <a href="/wiki/Mtetwa_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mtetwa Empire">Mtetwa Empire Expansion</a></li> <li>1810–1818 <a href="/wiki/Amadu%27s_Jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadu's Jihad">Amadu's Jihad</a></li> <li>1811–1812 <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_Wars" title="Xhosa Wars">Fourth Xhosa War</a></li> <li>1811 <a href="/wiki/Ga%E2%80%93Fante_War" title="Ga–Fante War">Ga–Fante War</a></li> <li>c.1812 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shela" title="Battle of Shela">Battle of Shela</a></li> <li>1814–1816 <a href="/wiki/Ashanti%E2%80%93Akim%E2%80%93Akwapim_War" title="Ashanti–Akim–Akwapim War">Ashanti–Akim–Akwapim War</a></li> <li>1815 <a href="/wiki/Slachter%27s_Nek_Rebellion" title="Slachter's Nek Rebellion">Slachter's Nek Rebellion</a></li> <li>1815 <a href="/wiki/Second_Barbary_War" title="Second Barbary War">Second Barbary War</a></li> <li>1817–1819 <a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe%E2%80%93Zulu_War" title="Ndwandwe–Zulu War">Ndwandwe–Zulu War</a></li> <li>1818–1819 <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_Wars" title="Xhosa Wars">Fifth Xhosa War</a></li> <li>1818–1828 <a href="/wiki/Zulu_wars_of_conquest" class="mw-redirect" title="Zulu wars of conquest">Zulu wars of conquest</a></li> <li>1st March 1896 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adwa" title="Battle of Adwa">Battle of Adwa</a></li> <li>July 30, 1877– March 14, 1893 <b><a href="/wiki/Kiriji_War" title="Kiriji War">Kiriji War</a></b> <b><a href="/wiki/Kiriji_War" title="Kiriji War">( <i>Ekiti–Parapo War</i>)</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=107" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1900 <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Golden_Stool" title="War of the Golden Stool">War of the Golden Stool</a></li> <li>1900–1920 <a href="/wiki/Somaliland_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Somaliland Campaign">Somaliland Campaign</a></li> <li>1901–1901 <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_conquest_of_the_Dendi_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French conquest of the Dendi Kingdom (page does not exist)">French conquest of the Dendi Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1902–1904 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuanhama_Rebellion_of_1902-1904&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuanhama Rebellion of 1902-1904 (page does not exist)">Kuanhama Rebellion</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1901–1902 <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Aro_War" title="Anglo-Aro War">Anglo-Aro War</a></li> <li>1901–1903 <a href="/wiki/Second_Matabele_War#1901_Mapondera_Rebellion" title="Second Matabele War">Mapondera Rebellion</a></li> <li>1902–1904 <a href="/wiki/Bailundo_revolt" title="Bailundo revolt">Bailundo revolt of 1902</a></li> <li>1903–1904 <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_conquest_of_the_Sokoto_Caliphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate (page does not exist)">British conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1904–1908 <a href="/wiki/Herero_Wars" title="Herero Wars">Herero Wars</a></li> <li>1904–1905 <a href="/wiki/1904%E2%80%931905_uprising_in_Madagascar" title="1904–1905 uprising in Madagascar">uprising in Madagascar</a></li> <li>1905–1907 <a href="/wiki/Maji_Maji_Rebellion" title="Maji Maji Rebellion">Maji Maji Rebellion</a></li> <li>1906 <a href="/wiki/Bambatha_Rebellion" title="Bambatha Rebellion">Bambatha Rebellion</a></li> <li>1906 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokoto_Uprising_of_1906&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sokoto Uprising of 1906 (page does not exist)">Sokoto Uprising of 1906</a><sup id="cite_ref-:22_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1907–1910 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dembos_War_of_1907-1910&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dembos War of 1907-1910 (page does not exist)">Dembos War of 1907-1910</a><sup id="cite_ref-:22_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1908 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marrakech" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Marrakech">Battle of Marrakech</a></li> <li>1909 <a href="/wiki/Second_Melillan_campaign" title="Second Melillan campaign">Second Melillan campaign</a></li> <li>1909–1911 <a href="/wiki/Ouaddai_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Ouaddai War">Ouaddai War</a></li> <li>1910–1912 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_conquest_of_the_Kasanje_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portuguese conquest of the Kasanje Kingdom (page does not exist)">Portuguese conquest of the Kasanje Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1911–1912 <a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Morocco" title="French conquest of Morocco">French conquest of Morocco</a></li> <li>1911–1912 <a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a></li> <li>1912 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirte_revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirte revolt (page does not exist)">Sirte revolt</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1914 <a href="/wiki/Kolongongo_War" title="Kolongongo War">Kolongongo War</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1914–1917 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongo_revolt_of_1914&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongo revolt of 1914 (page does not exist)">Kongo revolt</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1914–1921 <a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a></li> <li>1914–1918 <a href="/wiki/African_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="African theatre of World War I">African theatre of World War I</a> <ul><li>1914–1918 <a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="East African campaign (World War I)">East African campaign</a></li> <li>1914–1916 <a href="/wiki/Kamerun_campaign" title="Kamerun campaign">Kamerun campaign</a></li> <li>1914 <a href="/wiki/Togoland_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Togoland Campaign">Togoland Campaign</a></li> <li>1914–1915 <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West Africa campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>1914–1915 <a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a></li> <li>1915–1916 <a href="/wiki/Volta-Bani_War" title="Volta-Bani War">Volta-Bani War</a></li> <li>1915 <a href="/wiki/Chilembwe_uprising" title="Chilembwe uprising">Chilembwe uprising</a></li> <li>1915 <a href="/wiki/Bussa_rebellion" title="Bussa rebellion">The Bussa rebellion</a></li> <li>1915–1917 <a href="/wiki/Senussi_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi Campaign">Senussi Campaign</a></li> <li>1916–1917 <a href="/wiki/Kaocen_revolt" title="Kaocen revolt">Kaocen revolt</a></li> <li>1916 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Segale" title="Battle of Segale">Battle of Segale</a></li> <li>1918 <a href="/wiki/Adubi_War" title="Adubi War">The Adubi War</a></li> <li>1920 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Misurata-Warfalla_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misurata-Warfalla War (page does not exist)">Misurata-Warfalla War</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1920–1922 <a href="/wiki/1920_Jabal_al-Gharbi_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1920 Jabal al-Gharbi civil war">Jabal al-Gharbi civil war</a></li> <li>1920–1926 <a href="/wiki/Rif_War" title="Rif War">Rif War</a></li> <li>1921–1922 <a href="/wiki/Rand_Rebellion" title="Rand Rebellion">Rand Rebellion</a></li> <li>1922 <a href="/wiki/Bondelswarts_Rebellion" title="Bondelswarts Rebellion">Bondelswarts Rebellion</a></li> <li>1923–1932 <a href="/wiki/Pacification_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacification of Libya">Pacification of Libya</a></li> <li>1928–1931 <a href="/wiki/Kongo-Wara_rebellion" title="Kongo-Wara rebellion">Kongo-Wara rebellion</a></li> <li>1929–1930 <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_War" title="Women's War">Women's War</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>1930 <a href="/wiki/Gugsa_Wale%27s_rebellion" title="Gugsa Wale's rebellion">Gugsa Wale's rebellion</a></li> <li>1935–1937 <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li> <li>1939–1945 <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li>1940–1943 <a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North African campaign</a></li> <li>1940–1943 <a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></li> <li>1940 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dakar" title="Battle of Dakar">Battle of Dakar</a></li> <li>1940 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gabon" title="Battle of Gabon">Battle of Gabon</a></li> <li>1942 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></li></ul></li> <li>1943 <a href="/wiki/Woyane_rebellion" title="Woyane rebellion">Woyane rebellion</a></li> <li>1952–1960 <a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Mau Mau Uprising">Mau Mau Uprising</a></li> <li>1954–1962 <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li>1955–1964 <a href="/wiki/Bamileke_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamileke War">Bamileke War</a></li> <li>1955–1972 <a href="/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="First Sudanese Civil War">First Sudanese Civil War</a></li> <li>1957–1958 <a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li>1960–1965 <a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a> <ul><li>1966–1967 <a href="/wiki/Stanleyville_mutinies" title="Stanleyville mutinies">Stanleyville mutinies</a></li></ul></li> <li>1960–present <a href="/wiki/Katanga_insurgency" title="Katanga insurgency">Katanga insurgency</a></li> <li>1961 <a href="/wiki/Bizerte_crisis" title="Bizerte crisis">Bizerte crisis</a></li> <li>1961–1991 <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li>1961–1974 <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> <ul><li>1961–1974 <a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li>1963–1974 <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li>1964–1974 <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li>1962–1964 <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(1962%E2%80%931964)" title="Tuareg rebellion (1962–1964)">Tuareg rebellion</a></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li>1963–1967 <a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li>1963–1970 <a href="/wiki/Bale_revolt" title="Bale revolt">Bale revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li>1964–1965 <a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></li> <li>1964–1979 <a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li>1964 <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_Revolution" title="Zanzibar Revolution">Zanzibar Revolution</a></li> <li>1965–1979 <a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(1965%E2%80%9379)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chadian Civil War (1965–79)">First Chadian Civil War</a></li> <li>1966–1989 <a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li>1967–1970 <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li>1970–present <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> <ul><li>1975–1991 <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li></ul></li> <li>1972–1974 <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">First Eritrean Civil War</a></li> <li>1973–2018 <a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li>1974–1991 <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li>1975–2002 <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li>1975–present <a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a></li> <li>1977–1992 <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li>1977 <a href="/wiki/Libyan%E2%80%93Egyptian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan–Egyptian War">Libyan–Egyptian War</a></li> <li>1977–1978 <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li>1977 <a href="/wiki/Shaba_I" title="Shaba I">Shaba I</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/Shaba_II" title="Shaba II">Shaba II</a></li> <li>1978–1979 <a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li>1978–1987 <a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Chadian–Libyan conflict">Chadian–Libyan conflict</a></li> <li>1980–1981 <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Second Eritrean Civil War</a></li> <li>1980–1986 <a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Entumbane_uprising" title="1981 Entumbane uprising">1981 Entumbane uprising</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/Dawda_Jawara#1981_attempted_coup" title="Dawda Jawara">Gambian coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li>1982–present <a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li>1983–2005 <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a></li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/Agacher_Strip_War" title="Agacher Strip War">Agacher Strip War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_bombing_of_Libya" title="1986 United States bombing of Libya">1986 United States bombing of Libya</a></li> <li>1987–present <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li>1989–1991 <a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93Senegal_Border_War" title="Mauritania–Senegal Border War">Mauritania–Senegal Border War</a></li> <li>1989–1997 <a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">First Liberian Civil War</a></li> <li>1990–1994 <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Civil_War" title="Rwandan Civil War">Rwandan Civil War</a></li> <li>1990–1995 <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(1990%E2%80%931995)" title="Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)">Tuareg rebellion</a></li> <li>1991–1994 <a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_Civil_War" title="Djiboutian Civil War">Djiboutian Civil War</a></li> <li>1991–2002 <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="Sierra Leone Civil War">Sierra Leone Civil War</a></li> <li>1991–2002 <a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a></li> <li>1991–present <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a></li> <li>1993–2005 <a href="/wiki/Burundian_Civil_War" title="Burundian Civil War">Burundian Civil War</a></li> <li>1993–1994 <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1993%E2%80%9394)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–94)">Republic of the Congo Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">1994 Bophuthatswana crisis</a></li> <li>1994–1999 <a href="/wiki/Caprivi_conflict" title="Caprivi conflict">Caprivi conflict</a></li> <li>1994–2018 <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Ogaden" title="Insurgency in Ogaden">Insurgency in Ogaden</a></li> <li>1995–2018 <a href="/wiki/Second_Afar_insurgency" title="Second Afar insurgency">Second Afar insurgency</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Hanish_Islands_conflict" title="Hanish Islands conflict">Hanish Islands conflict</a></li> <li>1996–present <a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a></li> <li>1996–1997 <a href="/wiki/First_Congo_War" title="First Congo War">First Congo War</a></li> <li>1997–1999 <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1997%E2%80%9399)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–99)">Republic of the Congo Civil War</a></li> <li>1998–2000 <a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">Eritrean–Ethiopian War</a></li> <li>1998–2003 <a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a> <ul><li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War_(2000)" title="Six-Day War (2000)">Six-Day War</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998–1999 <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Civil_War" title="Guinea-Bissau Civil War">Guinea-Bissau Civil War</a></li> <li>1999–2003 <a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">Second Liberian Civil War</a></li> <li>1999–present <a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=108" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2001–2021 <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terrorism">War on Terrorism</a> <ul><li>1981–present <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Egypt" title="Terrorism in Egypt">Islamic Terrorism in Egypt</a></li> <li>2002–present <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Islamic insurgency in the Maghreb</a></li> <li>2002–present <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_-_Horn_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa">Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Advance_of_the_Islamic_Courts_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Advance of the Islamic Courts Union">Rise of the Islamic Courts Union</a></li> <li>2006–2009 <a href="/wiki/Somalia_War_(2006%E2%80%932009)" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalia War (2006–2009)">Ethiopian War in Somalia</a></li> <li>2007–present <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_-_Trans_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Enduring Freedom - Trans Sahara">Operation Enduring Freedom - Trans Sahara</a></li> <li>2009–present <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Islamist civil war in Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nigerian_sectarian_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Nigerian sectarian violence">2009 Nigerian sectarian violence</a></li> <li>2009–present <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li>2015–2022 <a href="/wiki/ISIL_insurgency_in_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL insurgency in Tunisia">ISIL insurgency in Tunisia</a></li> <li>2015–present <a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</a></li> <li>2016–present <a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Jihadist insurgency in Niger</a></li> <li>2017–present <a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist insurgency in Mozambique">Islamist insurgency in Mozambique</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002–2003 <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932003_conflict_in_the_Pool_Department" title="2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department">Conflict in the Pool Department</a></li> <li>2002–2004 <a href="/wiki/First_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="First Ivorian Civil War">First Ivorian Civil War</a></li> <li>2003–2020 <a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_French%E2%80%93Ivorian_clashes" title="2004 French–Ivorian clashes">2004 French–Ivorian clashes</a></li> <li>2004–present <a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Conflict in the Niger Delta</a> <ul><li>2016–present <a href="/wiki/2016_Niger_Delta_conflict" title="2016 Niger Delta conflict">Niger Delta conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li>2004–2007 <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Bush_War" title="Central African Republic Bush War">Central African Republic Bush War</a></li> <li>2004–present <a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a></li> <li>2005–2010 <a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(2005%E2%80%9310)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chadian Civil War (2005–10)">Chadian Civil War</a></li> <li>2005–2008 <a href="/wiki/Mount_Elgon_insurgency" title="Mount Elgon insurgency">Mount Elgon insurgency</a></li> <li>2006–2013 <a href="/wiki/Bakassi_conflict" title="Bakassi conflict">Bakassi conflict</a></li> <li>2007–2009 <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_Rebellion_(2007%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuareg Rebellion (2007–present)">Second Tuareg Rebellion</a></li> <li>2007–2008 <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_Kenyan_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–08 Kenyan crisis">Kenyan crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_invasion_of_Anjouan" title="2008 invasion of Anjouan">2008 Invasion of Anjouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kufra_conflict" title="2008 Kufra conflict">2008 Kufra conflict</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Djiboutian%E2%80%93Eritrean_border_conflict" title="Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict">Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict</a></li> <li>2009–present <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a> <ul><li>2011–present <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a> <ul><li>2013–2020 <a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">South Sudanese Civil War</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Sudan_airstrikes" title="2009 Sudan airstrikes">2009 Sudan airstrikes</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/Dongo_conflict" title="Dongo conflict">Dongo conflict</a></li> <li>2010–2011 <a href="/wiki/Second_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="Second Ivorian Civil War">Second Ivorian Civil War</a></li> <li>2011–2023 <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai Insurgency">Sinai Insurgency</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan Civil War">First Libyan Civil War</a></li> <li>2011–2020 <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile</a></li> <li>2011–2014 <a href="/wiki/Factional_violence_in_Libya_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)">Factional violence in Libya</a></li> <li>2012–present <a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a></li> <li>2012–2013 <a href="/wiki/M23_rebellion" title="M23 rebellion">M23 rebellion</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/Baragoi_clashes" title="Baragoi clashes">Baragoi clashes</a></li> <li>2012–present <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War_(2012%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present)">Central African Republic Civil War</a></li> <li>2013–2018 <a href="/wiki/Batwa%E2%80%93Luba_clashes" title="Batwa–Luba clashes">Batwa–Luba clashes</a></li> <li>2013–2019 <a href="/wiki/RENAMO_insurgency_(2013%E2%80%932019)" class="mw-redirect" title="RENAMO insurgency (2013–2019)">RENAMO insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Aswan_tribal_clashes" title="2014 Aswan tribal clashes">2014 Aswan tribal clashes</a></li> <li>2014–2020 <a href="/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Libyan Civil War">Second Libyan Civil War</a></li> <li>2016–2017 <a href="/wiki/Pool_War" title="Pool War">Pool War</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/Kasese_clashes" title="Kasese clashes">Kasese clashes</a></li> <li>2016–2019 <a href="/wiki/Kamwina_Nsapu_rebellion" title="Kamwina Nsapu rebellion">Kamwina Nsapu rebellion</a></li> <li>2017–present <a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis</a></li> <li>2020–2022 <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a></li> <li>2023–present <a href="/wiki/2023_Sudan_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Sudan conflict">2023 Sudan conflict</a></li> <li>2023–present <a href="/wiki/2023_Las_Anod_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Las Anod conflict">2023 Las Anod conflict</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=109" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_separatist_movements_in_Africa" title="List of active separatist movements in Africa">List of active separatist movements in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">List of ongoing armed conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Africa" title="Military history of Africa">Military history of Africa</a></li></ul> <p><b>General:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_North_America" title="List of conflicts in North America">List of conflicts in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Central_America" title="List of conflicts in Central America">List of conflicts in Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_South_America" title="List of conflicts in South America">List of conflicts in South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Europe" title="List of conflicts in Europe">List of conflicts in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Asia" title="List of conflicts in Asia">List of conflicts in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_the_Near_East" title="List of conflicts in the Near East">List of conflicts in the Near East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of modern conflicts in the Middle East">List of modern conflicts in the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars">List of wars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=110" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShoup2011" class="citation book cs1">Shoup, John A. (2011-10-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SPBfnT_E1mgC"><i>Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598843620" title="Special:BookSources/9781598843620"><bdi>9781598843620</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110222117/https://books.google.com/books?id=SPBfnT_E1mgC">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-02</span></span>. <q>The kingdom was able to last until 1901, when the French conquered it as part of their conquest of the Niger River/Sahara region</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+Africa+and+the+Middle+East%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft.isbn=9781598843620&rft.aulast=Shoup&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSPBfnT_E1mgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+conflicts+in+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatagiri2015" class="citation book cs1">Katagiri, Noriyuki (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2JSEBAAAQBAJ"><i>Adapting to Win: How Insurgents Fight and Defeat Foreign States in War</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812246414" title="Special:BookSources/9780812246414"><bdi>9780812246414</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110222118/https://books.google.com/books?id=2JSEBAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adapting+to+Win%3A+How+Insurgents+Fight+and+Defeat+Foreign+States+in+War&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780812246414&rft.aulast=Katagiri&rft.aufirst=Noriyuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2JSEBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+conflicts+in+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/c1900s/yr00/fsokotocaliphate1903.htm">"Britain Sokoto Conquest 1903"</a>. <i>www.onwar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.onwar.com&rft.atitle=Britain+Sokoto+Conquest+1903&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onwar.com%2Faced%2Fchrono%2Fc1900s%2Fyr00%2Ffsokotocaliphate1903.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+conflicts+in+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/COW-war/cow-war-list">"COW War List"</a>. <i>correlatesofwar.org</i>. Correlates of War<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=correlatesofwar.org&rft.atitle=COW+War+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorrelatesofwar.org%2Fdata-sets%2FCOW-war%2Fcow-war-list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+conflicts+in+Africa" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenige1979" class="citation book cs1">Henige, David (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_1sMAQAAMAAJ"><i>History in Africa</i></a>. African Studies Association. p. 54. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110222119/https://books.google.com/books?id=_1sMAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-02</span></span>. <q>By the time Portuguese military expeditions reached Kasanje in 1910, intent on effective occupation and "pacification," only regional chieftains, some still claiming the kinguri title, remained to resist their advance. Portuguese military commanders seized and destroyed the regalia of the kinguri position in 1912, thereby ending the history of the state by burning the symbols in which had inhered the power of its kings.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+in+Africa&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=African+Studies+Association.&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Henige&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_1sMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+conflicts+in+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt_John2014" class="citation book cs1">St John, Ronald Bruce (4 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xIrOAwAAQBAJ&q=al+swehli+dictionary&pg=PA316"><i>Historical Dictionary of Libya</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 316. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810878761" title="Special:BookSources/9780810878761"><bdi>9780810878761</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110222121/https://books.google.com/books?id=xIrOAwAAQBAJ&q=al+swehli+dictionary&pg=PA316">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Libya&rft.pages=316&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014-06-04&rft.isbn=9780810878761&rft.aulast=St+John&rft.aufirst=Ronald+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxIrOAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dal%2Bswehli%2Bdictionary%26pg%3DPA316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+conflicts+in+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociation1994" class="citation book cs1">Association, Cheke Cultural Writers (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gUgwAQAAIAAJ"><i>The history and cultural life of the Mbunda speaking peoples</i></a>. The Association. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789982030069" title="Special:BookSources/9789982030069"><bdi>9789982030069</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110222121/https://books.google.com/books?id=gUgwAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+and+cultural+life+of+the+Mbunda+speaking+peoples&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=The+Association&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9789982030069&rft.aulast=Association&rft.aufirst=Cheke+Cultural+Writers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgUgwAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+conflicts+in+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbegaz2018" class="citation book cs1">Abegaz, Berhanu (2018-06-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bYVfDwAAQBAJ"><i>A Tributary Model of State Formation: Ethiopia, 1600-2015</i></a>. Springer. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319757803" title="Special:BookSources/9783319757803"><bdi>9783319757803</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110222123/https://books.google.com/books?id=bYVfDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tributary+Model+of+State+Formation%3A+Ethiopia%2C+1600-2015&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2018-06-09&rft.isbn=9783319757803&rft.aulast=Abegaz&rft.aufirst=Berhanu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbYVfDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+conflicts+in+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVos2015" class="citation book cs1">Vos, Jelmer (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u8auCgAAQBAJ"><i>Kongo in the Age of Empire, 1860–1913: The Breakdown of a Moral Order</i></a>. University of Wisconsin Pres. p. 350. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780299306243" title="Special:BookSources/9780299306243"><bdi>9780299306243</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110222122/https://books.google.com/books?id=u8auCgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kongo+in+the+Age+of+Empire%2C+1860%E2%80%931913%3A+The+Breakdown+of+a+Moral+Order&rft.pages=350&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Pres&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780299306243&rft.aulast=Vos&rft.aufirst=Jelmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du8auCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+conflicts+in+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmida2002" class="citation book cs1">Ahmida, Ali Abdullatif (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gSg0lQkyJoIC&q=1835+%22civil+war%22+libya"><i>The making of modern Libya</i></a>. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. pp. 126–131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-2891-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-2891-8"><bdi>978-1-4384-2891-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110222123/https://books.google.com/books?id=gSg0lQkyJoIC&q=1835+%22civil+war%22+libya">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+making+of+modern+Libya&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pages=126-131&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-2891-8&rft.aulast=Ahmida&rft.aufirst=Ali+Abdullatif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgSg0lQkyJoIC%26q%3D1835%2B%2522civil%2Bwar%2522%2Blibya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+conflicts+in+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Africa&action=edit&section=111" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ahram, Ariel I. <i>War and Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa</i> (John Wiley & Sons, 2020).</li> <li>Christman, Audrey Mona. <i>Civil wars in Africa: Roots and resolution</i> (McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP, 1999).</li></ul> <ul><li>Kalu, Kelechi A. ed. <i>Civil Wars in Africa</i> (2022) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Civil-Wars-Africa-Kelechi-Kalu/dp/1793649332/">excerpt</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Sidorova, Galina, and Eliza Lyubenova. "Contemporary Wars in Africa or 21st Century Competition for Power." <i>Journal of Asian and African Studies</i> (2020): 0021909620965609.</li> <li>Williams, Paul D. <i>War and conflict in Africa</i> (John Wiley & Sons, 2016).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/List_of_wars:_2003%E2%80%93present" title="List of wars: 2003–present">2003–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_by_duration" title="List of conflicts by duration">Longest wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">Ongoing military conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Africa_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible 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title="African archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">Pre-colonial kingdoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="African empires">Empires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahelian_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahelian kingdoms">Sahelian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade" title="Indian Ocean trade">Indian Ocean trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb" title="Muslim conquest of the Maghreb">Muslim conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_exploration_of_Africa" title="European exploration of Africa">European exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonisation_of_Africa" title="Colonisation of Africa">European colonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Africa" title="Slavery in Africa">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_slave_trade" title="Barbary slave trade">Barbary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_slave_trade" title="Trans-Saharan slave trade">Trans-Saharan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">Decolonisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Africa" title="Economic history of Africa">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="African empires">Empires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk:History_of_Africa#Historiography_of_Africa" title="Talk:History of Africa">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Africa" title="Military history of Africa">Military</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_Africa" title="History of science and technology in Africa">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Central_Africa" title="History of Central Africa">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_East_Africa" title="History of East Africa">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Africa" title="History of North Africa">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Southern_Africa" title="History of Southern Africa">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_West_Africa" title="History of West Africa">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Africa" title="Geography of Africa">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">Countries and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_points_of_African_countries" title="List of highest points of African countries">Highest points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_impact_craters_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of impact craters in Africa">Impact craters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Africa" title="List of islands of Africa">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history_of_Africa" title="Natural history of Africa">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Africa" title="List of regions of Africa">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Africa" title="List of rivers of Africa">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Africa#Politics" title="Africa">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Africa" title="Elections in Africa">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Africa" title="Democracy in Africa">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_government_in_Africa" title="Category:Heads of government in Africa">Heads of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_state_in_Africa" title="Category:Heads of state in Africa">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Africa" title="Human rights in Africa">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Africa_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Africa by country">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Africa">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_linguistic_rights_in_African_constitutions" title="List of linguistic rights in African constitutions">Linguistic rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Africa#More_Women_Rights" title="Women in Africa">Women's rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_feminism" title="African feminism">feminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_organisations_in_Africa" title="International organisations in Africa">International organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Africa">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_Africa" title="Category:Political parties in Africa">parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Africa" title="Economy of Africa">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa" title="List of central banks of Africa">Central banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of African countries by GDP (nominal)">Countries by GDP (nominal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of African countries by GDP (PPP)">Countries by GDP (PPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of African countries by Human Development Index">Countries by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Africans_by_net_worth" title="List of Africans by net worth">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Africa" title="Education in Africa">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_in_Africa" title="Infrastructure in Africa">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Africa" title="Internet in Africa">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resources_of_Africa" title="Natural resources of Africa">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Africa" title="Poverty in Africa">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Africa" title="Renewable energy in Africa">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_stock_exchanges" title="List of African stock exchanges">Stock exchanges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Africa" title="Abortion in Africa">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_Africa" title="Birth control in Africa">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste_systems_in_Africa" title="Caste systems in Africa">Caste systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Africa" title="Climate change in Africa">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Africa" title="Etiquette in Africa">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_Africa" title="Category:Health in Africa">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Africa" title="Culture of Africa">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Africa" title="Architecture of Africa">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_art" title="African art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_literature" title="African literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Africa">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Africa" title="Music of Africa">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_philosophy" title="African philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Africa" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Africa">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Africa" title="Sport in Africa">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Cricket_Association" title="Africa Cricket Association">Africa Cricket Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Games" title="African Games">African Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asian_Games" title="Afro-Asian Games">Afro-Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_in_Africa" title="Australian rules football in Africa">Australian-rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_African_Football" title="Confederation of African Football">Confederation of African Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIBA_Africa" title="FIBA Africa">FIBA Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_Africa" title="Rugby Africa">Rugby Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_stadiums_by_capacity" title="List of African stadiums by capacity">Stadiums by capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_d%27Afrique" title="Tour d'Afrique">Tour d'Afrique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa" title="Demographics of Africa">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_population" title="List of African countries by population">Countries by population</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_population_density" title="List of African countries by population density">density</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Africa" title="Emigration from Africa">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_of_Africa" title="List of ethnic groups of Africa">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Africa" title="HIV/AIDS in Africa">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of African countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_Africa" title="Urbanization in Africa">Urbanization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cities_in_Africa" title="Lists of cities in Africa">cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Africa_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Africa by population">urban areas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Africa" title="Youth in Africa">Youth in Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_in_Africa" title="Category:Years in Africa">By year</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Africa" title="2005 in Africa">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Africa" title="2006 in Africa">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Africa" title="2007 in Africa">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 in Africa (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 in Africa (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 in Africa (page does not exist)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 in Africa (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 in Africa (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 in Africa (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 in Africa (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 in Africa (page does not exist)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Africa" title="2016 in Africa">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2017 in Africa (page does not exist)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 in Africa (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Africa (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2020 in Africa (page does not exist)">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Africa" title="Outline of Africa">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Africa-related_articles" title="Index of Africa-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_wars_involving_African_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lists_of_wars_involving_African_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists of wars involving African countries</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Algeria" title="List of wars involving Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Angola" title="List of wars involving Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Benin" title="List of wars involving Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Botswana" title="List of wars involving Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Burkina_Faso" title="List of wars involving Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Burundi" title="List of wars involving Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Cameroon" title="List of wars involving Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Cape_Verde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Cape Verde (page does not exist)">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_Central_African_Republic" title="List of wars involving the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Chad" title="List of wars involving Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving the Comoros (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of wars involving the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of wars involving the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Djibouti" title="List of wars involving Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Egypt" title="List of wars involving Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Equatorial_Guinea" title="List of wars involving Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Eritrea" title="List of wars involving Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Eswatini (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Ethiopia" title="List of wars involving Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Gabon" title="List of wars involving Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_Gambia" title="List of wars involving the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Ghana" title="List of wars involving Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Guinea" title="List of wars involving Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of wars involving Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Ivory_Coast" title="List of wars involving Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Kenya" title="List of wars involving Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Lesotho" title="List of wars involving Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Liberia" title="List of wars involving Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Libya" title="List of wars involving Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Madagascar" title="List of wars involving Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Malawi" title="List of wars involving Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Mali" title="List of wars involving Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Mauritania" title="List of wars involving Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Mauritius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Mauritius (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Morocco" title="List of wars involving Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Mozambique" title="List of wars involving Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Namibia" title="List of wars involving Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Niger" title="List of wars involving Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Nigeria" title="List of wars involving Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Rwanda" title="List of wars involving Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Senegal" title="List of wars involving Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Sierra_Leone" title="List of wars involving Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Somalia" title="List of wars involving Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_South_Africa" title="List of wars involving South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_South_Sudan" title="List of wars involving South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Sudan" title="List of wars involving Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Tanzania" title="List of wars involving Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Togo" title="List of wars involving Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Tunisia" title="List of wars involving Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Uganda" title="List of wars involving Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Zambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Zambia (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Zimbabwe" title="List of wars involving Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="List of wars involving the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Somaliland" title="List of wars involving Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_the_Canary_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Saint Helena (page does not exist)">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_conflicts_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_conflicts_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of conflicts in Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Algeria" title="List of conflicts in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Angola" title="List of conflicts in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Benin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Benin (page does not exist)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Botswana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Botswana (page does not exist)">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Burkina_Faso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Burkina Faso (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Burundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Burundi (page does not exist)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Cameroon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Cameroon (page does not exist)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Cape_Verde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Cape Verde (page does not exist)">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_the_Central_African_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in the Central African Republic (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Chad" title="List of conflicts in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in the Comoros (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of conflicts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in the Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Djibouti (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Egypt (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Equatorial Guinea (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Eritrea" title="List of conflicts in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Eswatini (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Ethiopia" title="List of conflicts in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Gabon (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_the_Gambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in the Gambia (page does not exist)">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Ghana" title="List of conflicts in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Guinea (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Guinea-Bissau (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Ivory_Coast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Ivory Coast (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Kenya (page does not exist)">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Lesotho (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Liberia (page does not exist)">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Libya" title="List of conflicts in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Madagascar (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Malawi (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Mali" title="List of conflicts in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Mauritania" title="List of conflicts in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Mauritius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Mauritius (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Morocco" title="List of conflicts in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Namibia (page does not exist)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Niger (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Nigeria (page does not exist)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Rwanda (page does not exist)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Senegal" title="List of conflicts in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Sierra Leone (page does not exist)">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Somalia" title="List of conflicts in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_South_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in South Africa (page does not exist)">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_South_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in South Sudan (page does not exist)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Sudan" title="List of conflicts in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Tanzania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Tanzania (page does not exist)">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Togo" title="List of conflicts in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Tunisia" title="List of conflicts in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Uganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Uganda (page does not exist)">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Zambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Zambia (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (page does not exist)">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Somaliland" title="List of conflicts in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_the_Canary_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Saint Helena (page does not exist)">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conflicts_in_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conflicts in Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cold_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cold_War" title="Template talk:Cold War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cold_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cold War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cold_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Northeast Asia Treaty Organization">NEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Rio Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_rebellion" title="Hukbalahap rebellion">Hukbalahap rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation <i>Priboi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation <i>Jungle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable" title="Operation Unthinkable">Operation <i>Unthinkable</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzenko_Affair" title="Gouzenko Affair">Gouzenko Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Operation <i>Masterdom</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Beleaguer" title="Operation Beleaguer">Operation <i>Beleaguer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blacklist_Forty" title="Operation Blacklist Forty">Operation <i>Blacklist Forty</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Plan" title="Baruch Plan">Baruch Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis" title="Turkish Straits crisis">Turkish Straits crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restatement_of_Policy_on_Germany" title="Restatement of Policy on Germany">Restatement of Policy on Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1947 Polish parliamentary election">1947 Polish parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Relations_Conference" title="Asian Relations Conference">Asian Relations Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council#Incapacitation_of_the_council" title="Allied Control Council">Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">Western betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="March 1949 Syrian coup d'état">March 1949 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Operation Valuable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_curtain" title="Bamboo curtain">Bamboo curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War (1952–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid" title="Pact of Madrid">Pact of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov_Affair" title="Petrov Affair">Petrov Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the <i>Tuapse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">Geneva Summit (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_will_bury_you" title="We will bury you">We will bury you</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio" title="Operation Gladio">Operation <i>Gladio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957" title="Syrian Crisis of 1957">Syrian Crisis of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">Iraqi 14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Turkish coup d'état">1960 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Soviets_from_Albania" title="Expulsion of Soviets from Albania">Expulsion of Soviets from Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo" title="El Porteñazo">El Porteñazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Dirty_War" title="Mexican Dirty War">Mexican Dirty War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_massacre" title="Tlatelolco massacre">Tlatelolco massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemalan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_DMZ_Conflict" title="Korean DMZ Conflict">Korean DMZ Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_riots" title="1967 Hong Kong riots">1967 Hong Kong riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wadiah_War" title="Al-Wadiah War">Al-Wadiah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)#Pueblo_incident" title="USS Pueblo (AGER-2)">USS <i>Pueblo</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968%E2%80%931971_East_Pakistan_communist_insurgency" title="1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency">1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Communist insurgency in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968 Peruvian coup d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Goulash Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcora_Exercise" title="Alcora Exercise">Alcora Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koza_riot" title="Koza riot">Koza riot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_diplomacy" title="Ping-pong diplomacy">Ping-pong diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">1971 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_revolution_(Egypt)" title="Corrective revolution (Egypt)">Corrective revolution (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1971 Turkish military memorandum">1971 Turkish military memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">1971 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Four Power Agreement on Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen#Disputes_with_North_Yemen" title="South Yemen">North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yemenite_War" title="First Yemenite War">First Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E2%80%931975_Bangladesh_insurgency" title="1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency">1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 Uruguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">1973 Afghan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Siege of Dhaka (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="7 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Sipahi-Janata revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">1978 Somali coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Indochina_War" title="Third Indochina War">Third Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation <i>Condor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Egyptian–Libyan War">Egyptian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Autumn" title="German Autumn">German Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_902" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 902">Korean Air Lines Flight 902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Chadian–Libyan War">Chadian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yemenite_War" title="Second Yemenite War">Second Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement">New Jewel Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Herat_uprising" title="1979 Herat uprising">1979 Herat uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine" title="Seven Days to the River Rhine">Seven Days to the River Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_against_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera_Demands" title="Gera Demands">Gera Demands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Agreement" title="Gdańsk Agreement">Gdańsk Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_(1981)" title="Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)">Gulf of Sidra incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">1985 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somali Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Black_Sea_incident" title="1986 Black Sea incident">1986 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Denver" title="Operation Denver">Operation Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Black_Sea_bumping_incident" title="1988 Black Sea bumping incident">1988 Black Sea bumping incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solidarity" title="History of Solidarity">Solidarity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">Central American crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RYAN" title="Operation RYAN">Operation RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_conflict" title="Bougainville conflict">Bougainville conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolian Revolution of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5202" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5202">Min Ping Yu No. 5202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">1991 August Coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">Frozen conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">China-Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Doctrine" title="Hallstein Doctrine">Hallstein Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_coexistence" title="Peaceful coexistence">Peaceful coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulbricht_Doctrine" title="Ulbricht Doctrine">Ulbricht Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">American conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_democracy" title="Guided democracy">Guided democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-worldism" title="Third-worldism">Third-worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#White_separatism" title="White supremacy">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">NN States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Life" title="Russian Life">Soviet Life</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amerika_(magazine)" title="Amerika (magazine)">Amerika</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_for_Freedom" title="Crusade for Freedom">Crusade for Freedom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paix_et_Libert%C3%A9" title="Paix et Liberté">Paix et Liberté</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technological<br />competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">Arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">Nuclear arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_Alperovitz" title="Gar Alperovitz">Gar Alperovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Bailey" title="Thomas A. Bailey">Thomas A. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Brown_(historian)" title="Archie Brown (historian)">Archie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Carroll" title="Warren H. Carroll">Warren H. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costello_(historian)" title="John Costello (historian)">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(academic)" title="Michael Cox (academic)">Michael Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Cull" title="Nicholas J. Cull">Nicholas J. Cull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._English" title="Robert D. English">Robert D. English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Ferrell" title="Robert Hugh Ferrell">Robert Hugh Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fontaine" title="André Fontaine">André Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneli_Ute_Gabanyi" title="Anneli Ute Gabanyi">Anneli Ute Gabanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis" title="John Lewis Gaddis">John Lewis Gaddis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Gardner" title="Lloyd Gardner">Lloyd Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gorodetsky" title="Gabriel Gorodetsky">Gabriel Gorodetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Halliday" title="Fred Halliday">Fred Halliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Hanhim%C3%A4ki" title="Jussi Hanhimäki">Jussi Hanhimäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earl_Haynes" title="John Earl Haynes">John Earl Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hearden" title="Patrick J. Hearden">Patrick J. Hearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_Jakovina" title="Tvrtko Jakovina">Tvrtko Jakovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Klehr" title="Harvey Klehr">Harvey Klehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Gabriel Kolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_LaFeber" title="Walter LaFeber">Walter LaFeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Laqueur" title="Walter Laqueur">Walter Laqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_P._Leffler" title="Melvyn P. Leffler">Melvyn P. Leffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Lundestad" title="Geir Lundestad">Geir Lundestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)" title="Vojtech Mastny (historian)">Vojtech Mastny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_F._Matlock_Jr." title="Jack F. Matlock Jr.">Jack F. Matlock Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._McCormick" title="Thomas J. McCormick">Thomas J. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Naftali" title="Timothy Naftali">Timothy Naftali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Oprea" title="Marius Oprea">Marius Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Painter" title="David S. Painter">David S. Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Pickett" title="William B. Pickett">William B. Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_E._Powaski" title="Ronald E. Powaski">Ronald E. Powaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_M._Rabkin" title="Yakov M. Rabkin">Yakov M. Rabkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Sarotte" title="M. E. Sarotte">M. E. Sarotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Schrecker" title="Ellen Schrecker">Ellen Schrecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Scott-Smith" title="Giles Scott-Smith">Giles Scott-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Zhihua" title="Shen Zhihua">Shen Zhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athan_Theoharis" title="Athan Theoharis">Athan Theoharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorpe" title="Andrew Thorpe">Andrew Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tism%C4%83neanu" title="Vladimir Tismăneanu">Vladimir Tismăneanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vaughan" title="Patrick Vaughan">Patrick Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Tunzelmann" title="Alex von Tunzelmann">Alex von Tunzelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Arne_Westad" title="Odd Arne Westad">Odd Arne Westad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams" title="William Appleman Williams">William Appleman Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Reed_Winkler" title="Jonathan Reed Winkler">Jonathan Reed Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Winnacker" title="Rudolph Winnacker">Rudolph Winnacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Young" title="Ken Young">Ken Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Espionage and<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Bloc_agents_in_the_United_States" title="List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States">List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">Soviet espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_espionage_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation" title="American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation">American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_and_the_Cultural_Cold_War" title="CIA and the Cultural Cold War">CIA and the Cultural Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">United States involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_involvement_in_regime_change" title="Soviet involvement in regime change">Soviet involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union–United States summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinkmanship#Cold_War" title="Brinkmanship">Brinkmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Second Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War" title="Category:Cold War">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_related_to_the_Cold_War" title="List of conflicts related to the Cold War">List of conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Cold_War" title="Timeline of the Cold War">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">conflicts in Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Egypt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian Crisis</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a> (2011–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-coup_unrest_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)">Post-coup unrest</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Terrorism in Egypt</a> (2013–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kufra_conflict" title="2008 Kufra conflict">2008 Kufra conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Libyan crisis (2011–present)">Libyan crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">2011 civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factional_violence_in_Libya_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)">2011–2014 factional violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">2014–2020 civil war</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Western Sahara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> (1970–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">War, 1975–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Clashes, 2020–present</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a> (1991–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_revolution" title="Tunisian revolution">Tunisian revolution</a> (2010–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Nigeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> (1998–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Niger Delta conflict</a> (2003–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Niger_Delta_conflict" title="2016 Niger Delta conflict">2016 conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mali</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tuareg rebellions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(1990%E2%80%931995)" title="Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)">1990–1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2007%E2%80%932009)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)">2007–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> (2012–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sierra Leone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="Sierra Leone Civil War">Sierra Leone Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Liberia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Liberian Civil Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">1989–1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">1999–2003</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Côte d'Ivoire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ivorian Civil Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="First Ivorian Civil War">2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="Second Ivorian Civil War">2010–2011</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Civil_War" title="Guinea-Bissau Civil War">Guinea-Bissau Civil War</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Guinea_clashes" title="2013 Guinea clashes">Guinea clashes</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a> (1982–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932017_Gambian_constitutional_crisis" title="2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis">2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECOWAS_military_intervention_in_the_Gambia" title="ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia">ECOWAS military intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a> (2020–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Angola</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> (1975–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a> (1975–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">DR Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Congo_War" title="First Congo War">First Congo War</a> (1996–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a> (1996–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a> (1998–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a> (1999–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> (2004–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongo_conflict" title="Dongo conflict">Dongo conflict</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23_Movement" title="March 23 Movement">March 23 Movement</a> conflict <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_rebellion" title="M23 rebellion">2012–2013 rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">2022–2024 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwa%E2%80%93Luba_clashes" title="Batwa–Luba clashes">Batwa–Luba clashes</a> (2013–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamwina_Nsapu_rebellion" title="Kamwina Nsapu rebellion">Kamwina Nsapu rebellion</a> (2016–2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Republic<br />of the Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Civil wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1993%E2%80%931994)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–1994)">1993–1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1997%E2%80%931999)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)">1997–1999</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932003_conflict_in_the_Pool_Department" title="2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department">Pool Department conflict</a> (2002–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_War" title="Pool War">Pool War</a> (2016–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Central African<br />Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Bush_War" title="Central African Republic Bush War">Bush War</a> (2004–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Civil War (2012–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_conflict_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Central African Republic conflict (2013–2014)">Djotodia period, 2013–2014</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Chad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)">Civil War (2005–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northern_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Northern Chad">Insurgency in Northern Chad</a> (2016–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Northern_Chad_offensive" title="2021 Northern Chad offensive">2021 offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a> (1987–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Ethiopia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency, 2018–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Ogaden" title="Insurgency in Ogaden">Insurgency in Ogaden</a> (1994–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Afar_insurgency" title="Second Afar insurgency">Second Afar insurgency</a> (1995–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict</a> (2000–2018) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">War, 1998–2000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benishangul-Gumuz_conflict" title="Benishangul-Gumuz conflict">Benishangul-Gumuz conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromia%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromia–Somali clashes">Oromia–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Somalia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puntland%E2%80%93Somaliland_dispute" title="Puntland–Somaliland dispute">Puntland–Somaliland dispute</a> (1998–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">2009–present phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Kenya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflicts_in_Kenya" title="Ethnic conflicts in Kenya">Ethnic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali%E2%80%93Kenyan_conflict" title="Somali–Kenyan conflict">Somali–Kenyan conflict</a> (1963–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likoni#The_Likoni_Massacres" title="Likoni">Likoni massacres</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Kenyan_crisis" title="2007–2008 Kenyan crisis">Kenyan crisis</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Tana_River_District_clashes" title="2012–2013 Tana River District clashes">2012–2013 Tana River District clashes</a> (2012–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baragoi_clashes" title="Baragoi clashes">Baragoi clashes</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">South Sudan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">Civil War</a> (2013–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyei_conflict_(2022%E2%80%932023)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abyei conflict (2022–2023)">Abyei conflict (2022–2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sudan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> (1983–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a> (2003–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict</a> (2011–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_clashes_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023)">Blue Nile clashes</a> (2022–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Uganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a> (1987–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a> (1996–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasese_clashes" title="Kasese clashes">Kasese clashes</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Civil_War" title="Rwandan Civil War">Rwandan Civil War</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">genocide</a> (1990–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_Civil_War" title="Djiboutian Civil War">Djiboutian Civil War</a> (1991–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanish_Islands_conflict" title="Hanish Islands conflict">Hanish Islands conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_invasion_of_Anjouan" title="2008 invasion of Anjouan">2008 invasion of Anjouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian%E2%80%93Eritrean_border_conflict" title="Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict">Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict</a></li> <li>Burundian conflicts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_Civil_War" title="Burundian Civil War">1993–2005 Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_unrest_(2015%E2%80%932018)" title="Burundian unrest (2015–2018)">2015–2018 unrest</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mozambique</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a> (1977–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENAMO_insurgency_(2013%E2%80%932021)" title="RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)">RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">Bophuthatswana crisis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprivi_conflict" title="Caprivi conflict">Caprivi conflict</a> (1994–1999)</li> <li>Lesothan conflicts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community_intervention_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern African Development Community intervention in Lesotho">SADC intervention in Lesotho</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Lesotho_political_crisis" title="2014 Lesotho political crisis">2014 Lesotho political crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ongoing_armed_conflicts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Template:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Template talk:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ongoing_armed_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">Ongoing armed conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Central African Republic Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Chad_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in Chad (2016–present)">Insurgency in Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katanga_insurgency" title="Katanga insurgency">Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_DR_Congo_clashes" title="Western DR Congo clashes">Western DR Congo clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">M23 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">ADF insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Insurgency in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Insurgency in the Sahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Jihadist insurgency in Niger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libyan Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Western Saharan clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_bandit_conflict" title="Nigerian bandit conflict">Nigerian bandit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence in Nigeria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Conflict in the Niger Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azawad_conflict" title="Azawad conflict">Azawad conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war">Mexican drug war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_gang_crackdown" title="Salvadoran gang crackdown">Salvadoran gang crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_gang_crackdown" title="Honduran gang crackdown">Honduran gang crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_war_in_Haiti" title="Gang war in Haiti">Gang war in Haiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_security_crisis" title="Ecuadorian security crisis">Ecuadorian security crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Paraguay" title="Insurgency in Paraguay">Insurgency in Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian conflict">Peruvian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Islamic State–Taliban conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bangladesh" title="Terrorism in Bangladesh">Internal conflict in Bangladesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_drug_war" title="Bangladesh drug war">Drugs</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Radd-ul-Fasaad" title="Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad">Insurgency in Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Sectarian violence in Pakistan">Sectarian violence in Pakistan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South-<br />east</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_conflict" title="Myanmar conflict">Myanmar conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">Myanmar civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_conflict" title="Kachin conflict">Kachin conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalay_clashes" title="Kalay clashes">Kalay clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_conflict" title="Karen conflict">Karen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen%E2%80%93Mon_conflict" title="Karen–Mon conflict">Karen–Mon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_Rakhine_State_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present)">Conflict in Rakhine State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_conflict" title="Rohingya conflict">Rohingya conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conflict_in_the_Philippines" title="Civil conflict in the Philippines">Conflicts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_drug_war" title="Philippine drug war">Drug war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraq conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi–led intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Hezbollah–Israel conflict">Hezbollah–Israel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Iran–Israel conflict in Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93PJAK_conflict" title="Iran–PJAK conflict">Iran–PJAK conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Iran clashes (2016–present)">Western Iran clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency">Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(2015%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (2015–present)">2015–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="Maoist insurgency in Turkey">Maoist insurgency in Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHKP/C_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey">DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_insurgency" title="Daraa insurgency">Daraa insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Desert campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Syrian–Turkish border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor">Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus">Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_Irish_republican_campaign" title="Dissident Irish republican campaign">Dissident Irish republican campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_feud" title="Loyalist feud">Loyalist feud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_East_conflicts" title="Template:Middle East conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_East_conflicts" title="Template talk:Middle East conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle_East_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle East conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of modern conflicts in the Middle East">List of modern conflicts in the Middle East</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern theatre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon starvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Unification of Saudi Arabia">Unification of Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simko_Shikak_revolt_(1918%E2%80%931922)" title="Simko Shikak revolt (1918–1922)">Simko Shikak revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">1919 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Jazeera_Front_(Anglo-Turkish_War,_1918%E2%80%931923)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Jazeera Front (Anglo-Turkish War, 1918–1923) (page does not exist)">Al-Jazeera Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolts_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence">Revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United States during the Turkish War of Independence">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Barzanji_revolts" title="Mahmud Barzanji revolts">Mahmud Barzanji revolts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adwan_Rebellion" title="Adwan Rebellion">Adwan Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Great Syrian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Said_rebellion" title="Sheikh Said rebellion">Sheikh Said rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ararat_rebellion" title="Ararat rebellion">Ararat rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Barzani_revolt" title="Ahmed Barzani revolt">Ahmed Barzani revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simele_massacre" title="Simele massacre">Simele massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Yemeni_War_(1934)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)">Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goharshad_Mosque_rebellion" title="Goharshad Mosque rebellion">Goharshad Mosque rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935%E2%80%931936_Iraqi_Shia_revolts" title="1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts">1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Yazidi_revolt" title="1935 Yazidi revolt">1935 Yazidi revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dersim_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dersim rebellion">Dersim rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_bombing_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_World_War_II" title="Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II">Italian bombing of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied invasion of Iraq">Allied invasion of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Barzani_revolt" title="1943 Barzani revolt">1943 Barzani revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Waziri_coup" title="Al-Waziri coup">Al-Waziri coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967 Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">1973 Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni%E2%80%93Adenese_clan_violence" title="Yemeni–Adenese clan violence">Yemeni–Adenese clan violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">1958 Iraqi revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhofar Rebellion">Dhofar Rebellion</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">Mar. 1963 Syrian coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état">Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Hama_riot" title="1964 Hama riot">1964 Hama riot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September in Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_War_of_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite War of 1972">Yemenite War of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375_Shatt_al-Arab_conflict" title="1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict">Shatt al-Arab clashes</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence_in_Turkey_(1976%E2%80%931980)" title="Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)">Political violence in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_uprising_in_Syria" title="Islamist uprising in Syria">Islamist uprising in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1977 Shia uprising in Iraq">1977 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_War_of_1979" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite War of 1979">Yemenite War of 1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution">Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Qatif_Uprising" title="1979 Qatif Uprising">1979 Qatif Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979%E2%80%931980_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq">1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict">Kurdish–Turkish conflict</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Turkey–PKK conflict</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Egyptian_conscripts_riot" title="1986 Egyptian conscripts riot">1986 Egyptian conscripts riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Damascus_bombings" title="1986 Damascus bombings">1986 Damascus bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Sharjawi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt">1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mecca_incident" title="1987 Mecca incident">Mecca massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal_Organization_internal_executions" title="Abu Nidal Organization internal executions">Abu Nidal's executions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War (1990–1991)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_uprisings" title="1991 Iraqi uprisings">1991 Iraqi uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Egypt" title="Terrorism in Egypt">Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (1994)">Yemeni Civil War (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdish_Civil_War" title="Iraqi Kurdish Civil War">Iraqi Kurdish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia"><i>Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_bombing_of_Iraq" title="1998 bombing of Iraq">Operation Desert Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1999 Shia uprising in Iraq">1999 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Balochi insurgency in Iran</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Qamishli_riots" title="2004 Qamishli riots">2004 Qamishli riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi insurgency in Yemen">Houthi insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_insurgency" title="South Yemen insurgency">South Yemen insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">2011 Bahraini uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian Crisis</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></b></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement in Syria</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Syrian War spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a></b></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Beirut_clashes" title="2021 Beirut clashes">2021 Beirut clashes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Red Sea crisis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><b>This list includes <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each</b><br />Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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