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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Azali Assoumani</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="غزالي عثماني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غزالي عثماني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fz%C9%99li_%C6%8Fssumani" title="Əzəli Əssumani – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əzəli Əssumani" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF_%CE%91%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF" title="Αζαλί Ασουμανί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αζαλί Ασουμανί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="غزالی عثمانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غزالی عثمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9E%98%EB%A6%AC_%EC%95%84%EC%88%98%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%88" title="아잘리 아수마니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아잘리 아수마니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99" title="אזאלי אסומאני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזאלי אסומאני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="აზალი ასუმანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აზალი ასუმანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="غزالى عثمانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="غزالى عثمانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B6%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B" title="アザリ・アスマニ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アザリ・アスマニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assomani" title="Azali Assomani – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Azali Assomani" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="غزالی عثمانی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غزالی عثمانی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Ассумани, Азали – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ассумани, Азали" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="อะซาลี อะษุมานี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อะซาลี อะษุมานี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Азалі Ассумані – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Азалі Ассумані" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="عزالی عثمانی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عزالی عثمانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%89%8E%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%8B%8F%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC" title="阿扎利·阿苏马尼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿扎利·阿苏马尼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Azali Assoumani" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%89%8E%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%8B%8F%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC" title="阿扎利·阿苏马尼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿扎利·阿苏马尼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of the Comoros</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Azali Assoumani</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">غزالي عثماني</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Azali_Assoumani_in_New_York_City_on_September_19,_2023_-_53199606411_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Azali_Assoumani_in_New_York_City_on_September_19%2C_2023_-_53199606411_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Azali_Assoumani_in_New_York_City_on_September_19%2C_2023_-_53199606411_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Azali_Assoumani_in_New_York_City_on_September_19%2C_2023_-_53199606411_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Azali_Assoumani_in_New_York_City_on_September_19%2C_2023_-_53199606411_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Azali_Assoumani_in_New_York_City_on_September_19%2C_2023_-_53199606411_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Azali_Assoumani_in_New_York_City_on_September_19%2C_2023_-_53199606411_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1518" data-file-height="2037" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Assoumani in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Comoros">President of the Comoros</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />3 April 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moustadroine_Abdou" title="Moustadroine Abdou">Moustadroine Abdou</a> (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 May 2016 – 13 February 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_Said_Sarouma" title="Abdallah Said Sarouma">Abdallah Said Sarouma</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Djaffar_Ahmed_Said" title="Djaffar Ahmed Said">Djaffar Ahmed Said</a> <br />Moustadroine Abdou</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ikililou_Dhoinine" title="Ikililou Dhoinine">Ikililou Dhoinine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Moustadroine Abdou (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 May 2002 – 26 May 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Caabi_El-Yachroutu_Mohamed" title="Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed">Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rachidi_ben_Massonde" class="mw-redirect" title="Rachidi ben Massonde">Rachidi ben Massonde</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hamada_Madi" title="Hamada Madi">Hamada Madi</a> (interim)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdallah_Mohamed_Sambi" title="Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi">Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the Council of State of the Comoros</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />30 April 1999 – 21 January 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bianrifi_Tarmidi" title="Bianrifi Tarmidi">Bianrifi Tarmidi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hamada_Madi" title="Hamada Madi">Hamada Madi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tadjidine_Ben_Said_Massounde" title="Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde">Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(acting)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hamada_Madi" title="Hamada Madi">Hamada Madi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(acting)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">21st <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson of the African Union</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 February 2023 – 17 February 2024</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macky_Sall" title="Macky Sall">Macky Sall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1959-01-01</span>) </span>1 January 1959<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 66)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mitsoudj%C3%A9" title="Mitsoudjé">Mitsoudjé</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="French Comoros">French Comoros</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Convention_for_the_Renewal_of_the_Comoros" title="Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros">Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Ambari Daroueche Assoumani</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">Senior military officer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Assoumanisignature.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Azali Assoumani's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Assoumanisignature.JPG/128px-Assoumanisignature.JPG" decoding="async" width="128" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Assoumanisignature.JPG/192px-Assoumanisignature.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Assoumanisignature.JPG 2x" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="90" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Azali Assoumani</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">غزالي عثماني</span>; born 1 January 1959) is a Comorian politician and military officer who has served as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Comoros">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> from 2002 to 2006 and again since 2016, except for a brief period in 2019. He became head of state after staging a <a href="/wiki/1999_Comorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Comorian coup d'état">coup d'état</a> in 1999 and was elected president in <a href="/wiki/2002_Comorian_presidential_election" title="2002 Comorian presidential election">2002</a>, <a href="/wiki/2016_Comorian_presidential_election" title="2016 Comorian presidential election">2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_Comorian_presidential_election" title="2019 Comorian presidential election">2019</a> and <a href="/wiki/2024_Comorian_presidential_election" title="2024 Comorian presidential election">2024</a>. He also served as <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson of the African Union</a> from February 2023 to February 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assoumani's current presidency has been described as increasingly authoritarian.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azali_Assoumani&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in 1959 in <a href="/wiki/Mitsoudj%C3%A9" title="Mitsoudjé">Mitsoudjé</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mwezinet_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mwezinet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French Comoros, Assoumani trained at the <a href="/wiki/Meknes_Royal_Military_Academy" title="Meknes Royal Military Academy">Meknes Royal Military Academy</a> in Morocco and the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_Guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="École de Guerre">École de Guerre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azali_Assoumani&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Assoumani became the President of the Council of State of the Comoros in 1999 after overthrowing interim president <a href="/wiki/Tadjidine_Ben_Said_Massounde" title="Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde">Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde</a> in a <a href="/wiki/1999_Comorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Comorian coup d'état">coup d'état</a>. His troops justified the coup on the basis of protecting <a href="/wiki/Territorial_integrity" title="Territorial integrity">territorial integrity</a> after Massounde had begun negotiations with representatives of the island of <a href="/wiki/Anjouan" title="Anjouan">Anjouan</a> for greater autonomy or independence. This was despite the fact that an international conference in <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a> had resulted in a settlement on the matter between the three islands of the Comoros, although the government of Anjouan had delayed ratifying the agreement. </p><p>On 23 December 2001, Assoumani's new proposed constitution was adopted by referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constitution established a rotating presidency and granted considerable autonomy to the Comorian islands, each of which gained its own basic law, flag and executive branch of government. It also renamed the country from the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros to the Union of the Comoros and redesigned the national flag to remove its religious inscriptions and become multicolour, as can be seen today. </p><p>Assoumani announced elections for 2002, with violent clashes between state forces and the opposition erupting across the country during the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reports of arbitrary arrests also emerged.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assoumani resigned from his position as President of the Council of State on 21 January 2002, in order to run for President of the Union of the Comoros and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Hamada_Madi" title="Hamada Madi">Hamada Madi</a>. Assoumani was then elected president with 75% of the vote in the multiparty <a href="/wiki/2002_Comorian_presidential_election" title="2002 Comorian presidential election">2002 Comorian presidential election</a>, and was inaugurated on 26 May 2002. </p><p>Assoumani's presidency was marked by conflicts over jurisdiction and <a href="/wiki/Political_gridlock" class="mw-redirect" title="Political gridlock">political gridlock</a> due to his refusal to devolve power to the autonomous regions of the Comoros, as mandated by the constitution. The latter also required that successive presidents be from different islands, allowing <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdallah_Mohamed_Sambi" title="Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi">Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi</a> from Anjouan to succeed him after winning the <a href="/wiki/2006_Comorian_presidential_election" title="2006 Comorian presidential election">2006 presidential election</a>. </p><p>Assoumani launched a second presidential bid in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Comorian_presidential_election" title="2016 Comorian presidential election">2016 presidential election</a>. In the first round on 21 February, he came third with 14.96% of the vote, before winning the second round with 40.98% of the vote on 10 April.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, both Assoumani and his opponent Mohamed Ali Solihi disputed the election result, alleging irregularities and electoral fraud in the second round.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assoumani demanded the invalidation of ballots from most of the polling stations on Anjouan in particular. Consequently, a third round of voting took place on 11 May. The Constitutional Court declared Assoumani the winner with 41.43% of the vote on 15 May, and he took office on 26 May for a five-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first vice-president was <a href="/wiki/Djaffar_Ahmed_Said" title="Djaffar Ahmed Said">Djaffar Ahmed Said</a>, the former attorney-general and director of judicial affairs, who was later replaced by Moustadroine Aboudou from Anjouan and then <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_Said_Sarouma" title="Abdallah Said Sarouma">Abdallah Said Sarouma</a> from <a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li" title="Mohéli">Mohéli</a>. </p><p>During his tenure, the opposition accused Assoumani of having amended the constitution to remain in power until 2029. In addition, his closing of the Constitutional Court and Anti-Corruption Court caused the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> to suspend all cooperation with the Comoros in protest.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 February 2019, Assoumani resigned the presidency to campaign for re-election in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Comorian_presidential_election" title="2019 Comorian presidential election">2019 Comorian presidential election</a> on 24 March.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected in the first round and assumed office again on 3 April.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Assoumani was reelected for another term as president in the <a href="/wiki/2024_Comorian_presidential_election" title="2024 Comorian presidential election">2024 Comorian presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was marred by allegations of fraud and post-election violence in Moroni.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 August 2024, Assoumani granted extensive powers to his son and presumed successor Nour El Fath, allowing him to intervene at several stages of the government decision-making process.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 September 2024, Assoumani was slightly injured after being stabbed at a funeral in <a href="/wiki/Salimani" title="Salimani">Salimani</a>, outside <a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a>. The suspect, who was later identified as a 24-year old soldier named Ahmed Abdou, was arrested but was found dead in his prison cell the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2025, the ruling party of president Azali Assoumani won parliamentary <a href="/wiki/2025_Comorian_parliamentary_election" title="2025 Comorian parliamentary election">election</a>, taking 28 out of 33 parliamentary seats. The opposition parties rejected the results<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azali_Assoumani&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diplomacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2022, Assoumani was invited by President <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a> of Cameroon to open the <a href="/wiki/2021_Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="2021 Africa Cup of Nations">2021 Africa Cup of Nations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Olembe_Stadium" title="Olembe Stadium">Olembe Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a>. On 28 September 2022, on the occasion of the state funeral for <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a>, Japan's former prime minister, in Tokyo, Assoumani was one of only seven heads of state who met with <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Emperor">Japanese Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2023, Assoumani, also in his capacity as Chairperson of the African Union, attended the <a href="/wiki/2023_Russia%E2%80%93Africa_Summit" title="2023 Russia–Africa Summit">2023 Russia–Africa Summit</a> in St. Petersburg in which Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> attempted to continue efforts to posture Russia as a more attractive ally to African partner states than <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracies" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal democracies">liberal democracies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azali_Assoumani&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africanews&rft.atitle=Comoros%3A+1+dead+in+post-electoral+protests%2C+nighttime+curfew+in+force&rft.date=2023-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2024%2F01%2F19%2Fcomoros-1-dead-in-post-electoral-protests-nighttime-curfew-in-force%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzali+Assoumani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/comoros-president-grants-sweeping-new-powers-his-son-2024-08-07/">"Comoros president grants sweeping new powers to his son"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The suspect is found dead in police cell"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Comoros+president+is+%27slightly+injured%27+in+knife+attack.+The+suspect+is+found+dead+in+police+cell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fcomoros-president-attack-4e46a5799b1430ababf98c474e7c37b5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzali+Assoumani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/comoros-ruling-party-wins-parliamentary-elections-opposition-rejects-results-2025-01-15/">"Comoros ruling party wins parliamentary elections.The opposition parties rejected the results"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Comoros+ruling+party+wins+parliamentary+elections.The+opposition+parties+rejected+the+results.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fcomoros-ruling-party-wins-parliamentary-elections-opposition-rejects-results-2025-01-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzali+Assoumani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.jp/en/japan/article_81309/">"Emperor Naruhito, in a rare move, meets with 7 heads of state in one day"</a>. <i>Arab News Japan</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221013214559/https://www.arabnews.jp/en/japan/article_81309/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+News+Japan&rft.atitle=Emperor+Naruhito%2C+in+a+rare+move%2C+meets+with+7+heads+of+state+in+one+day&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.jp%2Fen%2Fjapan%2Farticle_81309%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzali+Assoumani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-africa-summit-ukraine-grain-war-125d5a6d5052f4221c46be52c1618cf7">"African leaders leave Russia summit without grain deal or a path to end the war in Ukraine"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 30 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230903105608/https://apnews.com/article/russia-africa-summit-ukraine-grain-war-125d5a6d5052f4221c46be52c1618cf7">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=African+leaders+leave+Russia+summit+without+grain+deal+or+a+path+to+end+the+war+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2023-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-africa-summit-ukraine-grain-war-125d5a6d5052f4221c46be52c1618cf7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzali+Assoumani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azali_Assoumani&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Azali_Assoumani" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Azali_Assoumani" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a> at Wikiquote</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tadjidine_Ben_Said_Massounde" title="Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde">Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Comoros">President of the Comoros</a> </b><br />1999–2002 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hamada_Madi" title="Hamada Madi">Hamada Madi</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hamada_Madi" title="Hamada Madi">Hamada Madi</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Comoros">President of the Comoros</a> </b><br />2002–2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdallah_Mohamed_Sambi" title="Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi">Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ikililou_Dhoinine" title="Ikililou Dhoinine">Ikililou Dhoinine</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Comoros">President of the Comoros</a> </b><br />2016–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Comoros" title="List of heads of state of the Comoros">Heads of state of the Comoros</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdallah" title="Ahmed Abdallah">Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Mohamed_Jaffar" title="Said Mohamed Jaffar">Jaffar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Soilih" title="Ali Soilih">Soilih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdallah" title="Ahmed Abdallah">Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ahmed_(Comorian_politician)" title="Mohamed Ahmed (Comorian politician)">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdallah" title="Ahmed Abdallah">Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Mohamed_Djohar" title="Said Mohamed Djohar">Djohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caabi_El-Yachroutu_Mohamed" title="Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed">Caabi</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Mohamed_Djohar" title="Said Mohamed Djohar">Djohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Taki_Abdoulkarim" title="Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim">Taki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadjidine_Ben_Said_Massounde" title="Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde">Massounde</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamada_Madi" title="Hamada Madi">Boléro</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdallah_Mohamed_Sambi" title="Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi">Sambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikililou_Dhoinine" title="Ikililou Dhoinine">Dhoinine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span style="font-size:85%;">(i) interim</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_state_of_republics264" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Template:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Template talk:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_state_of_republics264" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Current heads of state of republics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Algeria: <a href="/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune" title="Abdelmadjid Tebboune">Abdelmadjid Tebboune</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Angola: <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o" title="João Lourenço">João Lourenço</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Benin: <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Talon" title="Patrice Talon">Patrice Talon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Botswana: <a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Duma Boko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Burkina Faso: <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Traor%C3%A9" title="Ibrahim Traoré">Ibrahim Traoré</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Burundi: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_Ndayishimiye" title="Évariste Ndayishimiye">Évariste Ndayishimiye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cameroon: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cape Verde: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Neves" title="José Maria Neves">José Maria Neves</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Central African Republic: <a href="/wiki/Faustin-Archange_Touad%C3%A9ra" title="Faustin-Archange Touadéra">Faustin-Archange Touadéra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Chad: <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat Déby">Mahamat Déby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Comoros: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azali Assoumani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Democratic Republic of the Congo: <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Félix Tshisekedi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Republic of the Congo: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Denis Sassou Nguesso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Djibouti: <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Eritrea: <a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie" title="Taye Atske Selassie">Taye Atske Selassie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Gabon: <a href="/wiki/Brice_Oligui_Nguema" title="Brice Oligui Nguema">Brice Oligui Nguema</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Gambia: <a href="/wiki/Adama_Barrow" title="Adama Barrow">Adama Barrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ghana: <a href="/wiki/John_Mahama" title="John Mahama">John Mahama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Mamady_Doumbouya" title="Mamady Doumbouya">Mamady Doumbouya</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guinea-Bissau: <a href="/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3" title="Umaro Sissoco Embaló">Umaro Sissoco Embaló</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ivory Coast: <a href="/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara">Alassane Ouattara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kenya: <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Liberia: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Boakai" title="Joseph Boakai">Joseph Boakai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Libya: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Menfi" title="Mohamed al-Menfi">Mohamed al-Menfi</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Madagascar: <a href="/wiki/Andry_Rajoelina" title="Andry Rajoelina">Andry Rajoelina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Malawi: <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Chakwera" title="Lazarus Chakwera">Lazarus Chakwera</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mali: <a href="/wiki/Assimi_Go%C3%AFta" title="Assimi Goïta">Assimi Goïta</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mauritania: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mauritius: <a href="/wiki/Dharam_Gokhool" title="Dharam Gokhool">Dharam Gokhool</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mozambique: <a href="/wiki/Filipe_Nyusi" title="Filipe Nyusi">Filipe Nyusi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Namibia: <a href="/wiki/Nangolo_Mbumba" title="Nangolo Mbumba">Nangolo Mbumba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Niger: <a href="/wiki/Abdourahamane_Tchiani" title="Abdourahamane Tchiani">Abdourahamane Tchiani</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Nigeria: <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Rwanda: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: <i><a href="/wiki/Brahim_Ghali" title="Brahim Ghali">Brahim Ghali</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">São Tomé and Príncipe: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Vila_Nova" title="Carlos Vila Nova">Carlos Vila Nova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Bassirou_Diomaye_Faye" title="Bassirou Diomaye Faye">Bassirou Diomaye Faye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Seychelles: <a href="/wiki/Wavel_Ramkalawan" title="Wavel Ramkalawan">Wavel Ramkalawan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sierra Leone: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio" title="Julius Maada Bio">Julius Maada Bio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Somalia: <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Somaliland: <i><a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi" title="Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi">Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">South Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit">Salva Kiir Mayardit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Sovereignty_Council" title="Transitional Sovereignty Council">Transitional Sovereignty Council</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu Hassan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Togo: <a href="/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9" title="Faure Gnassingbé">Faure Gnassingbé</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tunisia: <a href="/wiki/Kais_Saied" title="Kais Saied">Kais Saied</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Uganda: <a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Yoweri Museveni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Zambia: <a href="/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema" title="Hakainde Hichilema">Hakainde Hichilema</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Zimbabwe: <a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Abkhazia: <i><a href="/wiki/Badra_Gunba" title="Badra Gunba">Badra Gunba</a></i>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Armenia: <a href="/wiki/Vahagn_Khachaturyan" title="Vahagn Khachaturyan">Vahagn Khachaturyan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin">Mohammed Shahabuddin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">China: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">East Timor: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Georgia (country): <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">India: <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Iran: <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Iraq: <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Rashid" title="Abdul Latif Rashid">Abdul Latif Rashid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Israel: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kyrgyzstan: <a href="/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov" title="Sadyr Japarov">Sadyr Japarov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Laos: <a href="/wiki/Thongloun_Sisoulith" title="Thongloun Sisoulith">Thongloun Sisoulith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Maldives: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu" title="Mohamed Muizzu">Mohamed Muizzu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/Ukhnaagiin_Kh%C3%BCrels%C3%BCkh" title="Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh">Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Myanmar: <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Nepal: <a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Poudel" title="Ram Chandra Poudel">Ram Chandra Poudel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Palestine: <i><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">South Korea: <a href="/wiki/Choi_Sang-mok" title="Choi Sang-mok">Choi Sang-mok</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">South Ossetia: <i><a href="/wiki/Alan_Gagloev" title="Alan Gagloev">Alan Gagloev</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake" title="Anura Kumara Dissanayake">Anura Kumara Dissanayake</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Syria: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Taiwan: <i><a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tajikistan: <a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon" title="Emomali Rahmon">Emomali Rahmon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Turkmenistan: <a href="/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow" title="Serdar Berdimuhamedow">Serdar Berdimuhamedow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Uzbekistan: <a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Shavkat Mirziyoyev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vietnam: <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Yemen: <a href="/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi" title="Rashad al-Alimi">Rashad al-Alimi</a>*</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Albania: <a href="/wiki/Bajram_Begaj" title="Bajram Begaj">Bajram Begaj</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Austria: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Alexander Van der Bellen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Belarus: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Be%C4%87irovi%C4%87" title="Denis Bećirović">Denis Bećirović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljka_Cvijanovi%C4%87" title="Željka Cvijanović">Željka Cvijanović</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljko_Kom%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Željko Komšić">Željko Komšić</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/Rumen_Radev" title="Rumen Radev">Rumen Radev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cyprus: <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Czech Republic: <a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavel" title="Petr Pavel">Petr Pavel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finland: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Alexander Stubb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">France: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Germany: <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greece: <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Sakellaropoulou" title="Katerina Sakellaropoulou">Katerina Sakellaropoulou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sulyok" title="Tamás Sulyok">Tamás Sulyok</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Iceland: <a href="/wiki/Halla_T%C3%B3masd%C3%B3ttir" title="Halla Tómasdóttir">Halla Tómasdóttir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Italy: <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kosovo: <i><a href="/wiki/Vjosa_Osmani" title="Vjosa Osmani">Vjosa Osmani</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Latvia: <a href="/wiki/Edgars_Rink%C4%93vi%C4%8Ds" title="Edgars Rinkēvičs">Edgars Rinkēvičs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Malta: <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Myriam Spiteri Debono</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Maia_Sandu" title="Maia Sandu">Maia Sandu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Montenegro: <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87" title="Jakov Milatović">Jakov Milatović</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Gordana_Siljanovska-Davkova" title="Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova">Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Northern Cyprus: <i><a href="/wiki/Ersin_Tatar" title="Ersin Tatar">Ersin Tatar</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Poland: <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Romania: <a href="/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan" title="Ilie Bolojan">Ilie Bolojan</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Russia: <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">San Marino: <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Civerchia" title="Francesca Civerchia">Francesca Civerchia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalibor_Riccardi" title="Dalibor Riccardi">Dalibor Riccardi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Pirc_Musar" title="Nataša Pirc Musar">Nataša Pirc Musar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Viola Amherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Karin Keller-Sutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Guy Parmelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Ignazio Cassis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_R%C3%B6sti" title="Albert Rösti">Albert Rösti</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Baume-Schneider" title="Élisabeth Baume-Schneider">Élisabeth Baume-Schneider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beat_Jans" title="Beat Jans">Beat Jans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Transnistria: <i><a href="/wiki/Vadim_Krasnoselsky" title="Vadim Krasnoselsky">Vadim Krasnoselsky</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Barbados: <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Mason" title="Sandra Mason">Sandra Mason</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Costa Rica: <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Chaves_Robles" title="Rodrigo Chaves Robles">Rodrigo Chaves Robles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel" title="Miguel Díaz-Canel">Miguel Díaz-Canel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Dominica: <a href="/wiki/Sylvanie_Burton" title="Sylvanie Burton">Sylvanie Burton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Dominican Republic: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">El Salvador: <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Bernardo Arévalo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Haiti: <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Presidential_Council" title="Transitional Presidential Council">Transitional Presidential Council</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Honduras: <a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Castro" title="Xiomara Castro">Xiomara Castro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Nicaragua: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Panama: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino" title="José Raúl Mulino">José Raúl Mulino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Trinidad and Tobago: <a href="/wiki/Christine_Kangaloo" title="Christine Kangaloo">Christine Kangaloo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">United States: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bolivia: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Luis Arce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Chile: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Colombia: <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ecuador: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Daniel Noboa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guyana: <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Irfaan Ali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Paraguay: <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Santiago Peña</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Peru: <a href="/wiki/Dina_Boluarte" title="Dina Boluarte">Dina Boluarte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Suriname: <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Chan Santokhi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Uruguay: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Luis Lacalle Pou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Venezuela: <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Fiji: <a href="/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu" title="Naiqama Lalabalavu">Naiqama Lalabalavu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kiribati: <a href="/wiki/Taneti_Maamau" title="Taneti Maamau">Taneti Maamau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Marshall Islands: <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Heine" title="Hilda Heine">Hilda Heine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Federated States of Micronesia: <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Simina" title="Wesley Simina">Wesley Simina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Nauru: <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">David Adeang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Palau: <a href="/wiki/Surangel_Whipps_Jr." title="Surangel Whipps Jr.">Surangel Whipps Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Samoa: <a href="/wiki/Tuimaleali%CA%BBifano_Va%CA%BBaleto%CA%BBa_Sualauvi_II" title="Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II">Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vanuatu: <a href="/wiki/Nikenike_Vurobaravu" title="Nikenike Vurobaravu">Nikenike Vurobaravu</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Asterisk (*) indicate an acting head of state <b>·</b> <i>Italics</i> indicate a head of state of non-UN member state</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairpersons_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity_and_the_African_Union208" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_Union_chairpersons" title="Template:African Union chairpersons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_Union_chairpersons" title="Template talk:African Union chairpersons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_Union_chairpersons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African Union chairpersons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairpersons_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity_and_the_African_Union208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity">Chairpersons of the Organisation of African Unity</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">African Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation of<br />African Unity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Selassie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Nkrumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Arthur_Ankrah" title="Joseph Arthur Ankrah">Ankrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Selassie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Mobutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houari_Boum%C3%A9di%C3%A8ne" title="Houari Boumédiène">Boumédiène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadou_Ahidjo" title="Ahmadou Ahidjo">Ahidjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda" title="Kenneth Kaunda">Kaunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moktar_Ould_Daddah" title="Moktar Ould Daddah">Daddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco" title="Hassan II of Morocco">Hassan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakubu_Gowon" title="Yakubu Gowon">Gowon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siad_Barre" title="Siad Barre">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam" title="Seewoosagur Ramgoolam">Ramgoolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo" title="Omar Bongo">Bongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaafar_Nimeiry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaafar Nimeiry">Nimeiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tolbert" title="William Tolbert">Tolbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siaka_Stevens" title="Siaka Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Moi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Nyerere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdou_Diouf" title="Abdou Diouf">Diouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Nguesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda" title="Kenneth Kaunda">Kaunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Traor%C3%A9" title="Moussa Traoré">Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Museveni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Babangida" title="Ibrahim Babangida">Babangida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdou_Diouf" title="Abdou Diouf">Diouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali" title="Zine El Abidine Ben Ali">Ben Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meles_Zenawi" title="Meles Zenawi">Meles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Biya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Mugabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Compaor%C3%A9" title="Blaise Compaoré">Compaoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Bouteflika" title="Abdelaziz Bouteflika">Bouteflika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnassingb%C3%A9_Eyad%C3%A9ma" title="Gnassingbé Eyadéma">Eyadéma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chiluba" title="Frederick Chiluba">Chiluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levy_Mwanawasa" title="Levy Mwanawasa">Mwanawasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Mbeki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Chissano" title="Joaquim Chissano">Chissano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olusegun_Obasanjo" title="Olusegun Obasanjo">Obasanjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Nguesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kufuor" title="John Kufuor">Kufuor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakaya_Kikwete" title="Jakaya Kikwete">Kikwete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bingu_wa_Mutharika" title="Bingu wa Mutharika">Mutharika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Obiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boni_Yayi" title="Thomas Boni Yayi">Boni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailemariam_Desalegn" title="Hailemariam Desalegn">Hailemariam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz" title="Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz">Abdel Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Mugabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Déby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Cond%C3%A9" title="Alpha Condé">Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Kagame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Sisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Tshisekedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macky_Sall" title="Macky Sall">Sall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Assoumani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Ghazouani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_Arab_League_member_states194" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#008000;color:#ffffff"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_Arab_League_member_states" title="Template:Leaders of Arab League member states"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#ffffff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_Arab_League_member_states" title="Template talk:Leaders of Arab League member states"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#ffffff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_Arab_League_member_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of Arab League member states"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_Arab_League_member_states194" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_states" title="List of leaders of Middle Eastern and North African states"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#ffffff">Leaders of Arab League member states</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune" title="Abdelmadjid Tebboune">Abdelmadjid Tebboune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_Larbaoui" title="Nadir Larbaoui">Nadir Larbaoui</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" title="Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman,_Crown_Prince_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman, Crown Prince of Bahrain">Salman</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azali Assoumani</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdoulkader_Kamil_Mohamed" title="Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed">Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moustafa_Madbouly" class="mw-redirect" title="Moustafa Madbouly">Moustafa Madbouly</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Rashid" title="Abdul Latif Rashid">Abdul Latif Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shia%27_Al_Sudani" title="Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani">Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">Abdullah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafar_Hassan" title="Jafar Hassan">Jafar Hassan</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah" title="Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah">Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Al-Abdullah_Al-Sabah" title="Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah">Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawaf_Salam" title="Nawaf Salam">Nawaf Salam</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Menfi" title="Mohamed al-Menfi">Mohamed al-Menfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Dbeibeh" title="Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh">Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Ould_Djay" title="Mokhtar Ould Djay">Mokhtar Ould Djay</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Akhannouch" title="Aziz Akhannouch">Aziz Akhannouch</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitham_bin_Tariq" title="Haitham bin Tariq">Haitham bin Tariq</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mustafa_(politician)" title="Mohammad Mustafa (politician)">Mohammad Mustafa</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani" title="Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani">Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Abdulrahman_bin_Jassim_Al_Thani" title="Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani">Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre" title="Hamza Abdi Barre">Hamza Abdi Barre</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Sovereignty_Council" title="Transitional Sovereignty Council">Transitional Sovereignty Council</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Hussein_(politician)" title="Osman Hussein (politician)">Osman Hussein</a>*</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Bashir" title="Mohammed al-Bashir">Mohammed al-Bashir</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kais_Saied" title="Kais Saied">Kais Saied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamel_Madouri" title="Kamel Madouri">Kamel Madouri</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum" title="Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum">Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi" title="Rashad al-Alimi">Rashad al-Alimi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Awad_bin_Mubarak" title="Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak">Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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