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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of vehicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locomotion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locomotion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Locomotion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Locomotion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Locomotion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Locomotion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energy_source" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_source"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Energy source</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_source-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motors_and_engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motors_and_engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Motors and engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motors_and_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Converting_energy_to_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Converting_energy_to_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Converting energy to work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Converting_energy_to_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Friction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Control</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Control-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Control subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Steering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Steering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stopping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stopping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Stopping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stopping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legislation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legislation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Licensing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Licensing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Licensing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Licensing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Registration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Registration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mandatory_safety_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mandatory_safety_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Mandatory safety equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mandatory_safety_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Right-of-way" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Right-of-way"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Right-of-way</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Right-of-way-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vehicle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 110 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voertuig" title="Voertuig – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Voertuig" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrzeug" title="Fahrzeug – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fahrzeug" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C3%A4vru" title="Fiävru – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Fiävru" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="مركبة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مركبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veh%C3%ADculu" title="Vehículu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vehículu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8" title="যানবাহন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যানবাহন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AAn-su-kh%C3%AC" title="Ūn-su-khì – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ūn-su-khì" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Транспартны сродак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Транспартны сродак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="यान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="यान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunadan" title="Lunadan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lunadan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Превозно средство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Превозно средство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vozilo" title="Vozilo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vozilo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbed" title="Karbed – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karbed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vehicle" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vozidlo" title="Vozidlo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vozidlo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muchovha" title="Muchovha – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muchovha" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerbyd" title="Cerbyd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cerbyd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8" title="مركوب – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مركوب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrzeug" title="Fahrzeug – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fahrzeug" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B5iduk" title="Sõiduk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sõiduk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Όχημα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όχημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C3%ACcol" title="Veìcol – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Veìcol" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veh%C3%ADculo" title="Vehículo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vehículo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veturilo" title="Veturilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Veturilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibilgailu" title="Ibilgailu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ibilgailu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87" title="وسیله نقلیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وسیله نقلیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_(transport_physique)" title="Véhicule (transport physique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Véhicule (transport physique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbyd" title="Carbyd – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Carbyd" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veh%C3%ADculo" title="Vehículo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vehículo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2u-th%C3%BBng_k%C3%BBng-kh%C3%AD" title="Kâu-thûng kûng-khí – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kâu-thûng kûng-khí" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%88%EA%B2%83" title="탈것 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탈것" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Vehicle" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8" title="वाहन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाहन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vozilo" title="Vozilo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vozilo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendaraan" title="Kendaraan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kendaraan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehiculo" title="Vehiculo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vehiculo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imoto/Inqwelo_amfutha" title="Imoto/Inqwelo amfutha – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Imoto/Inqwelo amfutha" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isithuthi" title="Isithuthi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isithuthi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9lkn%C3%BAi%C3%B0_farart%C3%A6ki" title="Vélknúið farartæki – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vélknúið farartæki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="אמצעי תחבורה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמצעי תחבורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetunggangan" title="Tetunggangan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tetunggangan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A8" title="ವಾಹನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಹನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dik%C3%BBmbi" title="Dikûmbi – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Dikûmbi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Унаа каражаты – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Унаа каражаты" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0" title="ຍານພາຫະນະ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຍານພາຫະນະ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehiculum" title="Vehiculum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vehiculum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportl%C4%ABdzeklis" title="Transportlīdzeklis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Transportlīdzeklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporto_priemon%C4%97" title="Transporto priemonė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Transporto priemonė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek%C3%BAmbi" title="Ekúmbi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ekúmbi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1rm%C5%B1" title="Jármű – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jármű" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Возило – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Возило" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="വാഹനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വാഹനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8" title="वाहन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वाहन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenderaan" title="Kenderaan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kenderaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandaraan" title="Kandaraan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kandaraan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%83u-t%C5%ADng_g%C4%95%CC%A4ng-g%C3%AA%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3" title="Gău-tŭng gĕ̤ng-gê̤ṳ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gău-tŭng gĕ̤ng-gê̤ṳ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA" title="ယာဉ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယာဉ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakamotoka" title="Vakamotoka – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vakamotoka" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervoermiddel" title="Vervoermiddel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vervoermiddel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="सवारी साधन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सवारी साधन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="गसा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गसा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%97%E3%82%8A%E7%89%A9" title="乗り物 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="乗り物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faartj%C3%BCchen" title="Faartjüchen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Faartjüchen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fargreie" title="Fargreie – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fargreie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C3%AFcul" title="Veïcul – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Veïcul" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B9%D3%A7%D0%BD" title="Шупшыктымаш йӧн – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шупшыктымаш йӧн" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportyor" title="Transportyor – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Transportyor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਸਵਾਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਵਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%88%DB%8C" title="گڈی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viikl" title="Viikl – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Viikl" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pojazd" title="Pojazd – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pojazd" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C3%ADculo" title="Veículo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Veículo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicul" title="Vehicul – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vehicul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollepaskro" title="Ollepaskro – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Ollepaskro" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antapaykachaq" title="Antapaykachaq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Antapaykachaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Транспортное средство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Транспортное средство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9" title="Көлө – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көлө" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वाहनम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वाहनम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otoo" title="Otoo – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Otoo" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automjeti" title="Automjeti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Automjeti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B1" title="වාහන – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වාහන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vehicle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%8F%D9%8A" title="گاڏي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گاڏي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vozidlo" title="Vozidlo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vozidlo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vozilo" title="Vozilo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vozilo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaadiid" title="Gaadiid – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Gaadiid" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%DA%95%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%B2" title="پێڕاگوێز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێڕاگوێز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vozilo" title="Vozilo – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Vozilo" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vozilo" title="Vozilo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vozilo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulkuv%C3%A4line" title="Kulkuväline – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kulkuväline" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordon" title="Fordon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fordon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasakyan" title="Sasakyan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sasakyan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="வண்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வண்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="వాహనము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వాహనము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0" title="ยานพาหนะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยานพาหนะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%91%D1%82" title="Воситаҳои нақлиёт – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Воситаҳои нақлиёт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%9F%C4%B1t" title="Taşıt – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taşıt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyangcung" title="Kyangcung – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kyangcung" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B1" title="Транспортний засіб – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Транспортний засіб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%91%DB%8C" title="گاڑی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گاڑی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexo_de_trasporto" title="Mexo de trasporto – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mexo de trasporto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xe" title="Xe – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xe" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B5idoriist" title="Sõidoriist – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Sõidoriist" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcheriant_%C3%A9ndjin" title="Tcheriant éndjin – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tcheriant éndjin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behikulo" title="Behikulo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Behikulo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="交通工具 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="交通工具" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C" title="פארמיטל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארמיטל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="交通工具 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="交通工具" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%B7" title="载具 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="载具" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandaran" title="Gandaran – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gandaran" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Mobile equipment that transports people, animals or cargo</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the means of transportation. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Vehicle (disambiguation)">Vehicle (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bikes,_buses_and_cars_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1516362.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bikes%2C_buses_and_cars_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1516362.jpg/250px-Bikes%2C_buses_and_cars_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1516362.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bikes%2C_buses_and_cars_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1516362.jpg/330px-Bikes%2C_buses_and_cars_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1516362.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Cars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycles</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a> on display in <a href="/wiki/Thame" title="Thame">Thame</a>, England in 2009</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steam_train_beside_the_River_Dart_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4881006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Steam_train_beside_the_River_Dart_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4881006.jpg/250px-Steam_train_beside_the_River_Dart_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4881006.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Steam_train_beside_the_River_Dart_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4881006.jpg/330px-Steam_train_beside_the_River_Dart_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4881006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A <a href="/wiki/Train" title="Train">train</a> passing a group of <a href="/wiki/Boat" title="Boat">boats</a> near the <a href="/wiki/River_Dart" title="River Dart">River Dart</a>, England in 2016</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:101px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangzhou-WenchangLu-electric-bicycles-3278.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Yangzhou-WenchangLu-electric-bicycles-3278.jpg/250px-Yangzhou-WenchangLu-electric-bicycles-3278.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Yangzhou-WenchangLu-electric-bicycles-3278.jpg/330px-Yangzhou-WenchangLu-electric-bicycles-3278.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">electric bicycles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scooter_(motorcycle)" title="Scooter (motorcycle)">scooters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a>, China in 2008</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:101px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OV-101_first_flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/OV-101_first_flight.jpg/250px-OV-101_first_flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/OV-101_first_flight.jpg/330px-OV-101_first_flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3030" data-file-height="2069" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">747</a> above <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, United States in 1977</div></div></div></div></div> <p>A <b>vehicle</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <i> <i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vehiculum#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:vehiculum">vehiculum</a></i></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-OED_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Machine" title="Machine">machine</a> designed for self-<a href="/wiki/Propulsion" title="Propulsion">propulsion</a>, usually to <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a> people, <a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">cargo</a>, or both. The term "vehicle" typically refers to land vehicles such as <a href="/wiki/Human-powered_land_vehicle" title="Human-powered land vehicle">human-powered vehicles</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tricycle" title="Tricycle">tricycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velomobile" title="Velomobile">velomobiles</a>), <a href="/wiki/Animal-powered_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal-powered transport">animal-powered transports</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">horse-drawn</a> <a href="/wiki/Carriage" title="Carriage">carriages</a>/<a href="/wiki/Wagon" title="Wagon">wagons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ox_cart" class="mw-redirect" title="Ox cart">ox carts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog_sled" title="Dog sled">dog sleds</a>), <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicles</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">cars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Truck" title="Truck">trucks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">buses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobility_scooter" title="Mobility scooter">mobility scooters</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">railed vehicles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Train" title="Train">trains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monorail" title="Monorail">monorails</a>), but more broadly also includes <a href="/wiki/Cable_transport" title="Cable transport">cable transport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aerial_lift" title="Aerial lift">cable cars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevators</a>), <a href="/wiki/Watercraft" title="Watercraft">watercraft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boat" title="Boat">boats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Underwater_vehicle" title="Underwater vehicle">underwater vehicles</a>), <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_vehicle" title="Amphibious vehicle">amphibious vehicles</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Screw-propelled_vehicle" title="Screw-propelled vehicle">screw-propelled vehicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">hovercraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seaplane" title="Seaplane">seaplanes</a>), <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">airplanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glider_(aircraft)" title="Glider (aircraft)">gliders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aerostat" title="Aerostat">aerostats</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Space_vehicle" title="Space vehicle">space vehicles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spaceplane" title="Spaceplane">spaceplanes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-MacMillian_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacMillian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This article primarily concerns the more ubiquitous land vehicles, which can be broadly classified by the type of contact interface with the <a href="/wiki/Land" title="Land">ground</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">wheels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Continuous_track" title="Continuous track">tracks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">rails</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ski" title="Ski">skis</a>, as well as the non-contact technologies such as <a href="/wiki/Maglev" title="Maglev">maglev</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> 3833-1977 is the <a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">international standard</a> for road vehicle types, terms and definitions.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is estimated by historians that boats have been used since <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistory</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">rock paintings</a> depicting boats, dated from around 50,000 to 15,000 BC, were found in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest boats found by archaeological excavation are <a href="/wiki/Logboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Logboat">logboats</a>, with the oldest logboat found, the <a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a> found in a bog in the Netherlands, being <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dated" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dated">carbon dated</a> to 8040–7510 BC, making it 9,500–10,000 years old,<sup id="cite_ref-courant_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courant-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BeukerNiekus_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeukerNiekus-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McGrail431_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrail431-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-italy2005_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-italy2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 7,000 year-old seagoing boat made from reeds and tar has been found in Kuwait.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawler2002_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawler2002-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boats were used between 4000 -3000 BC in <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-d1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a><sup id="cite_ref-McGrail17_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrail17-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the Indian Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-d1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is evidence of <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camel</a> pulled wheeled vehicles about 4000–3000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest evidence of a <a href="/wiki/Wagonway" title="Wagonway">wagonway</a>, a predecessor of the railway, found so far was the 6 to 8.5 km (4 to 5 mi) long <i><a href="/wiki/Diolkos" title="Diolkos">Diolkos</a></i> wagonway, which transported boats across the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Corinth" title="Isthmus of Corinth">Isthmus of Corinth</a> in Greece since around 600 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-wagonway_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wagonway-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis,_M._J._T._(2001),_11_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis,_M._J._T._(2001),_11-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wheeled vehicles pulled by men and animals ran in grooves in <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, which provided the track element, preventing the wagons from leaving the intended route.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis,_M._J._T._(2001),_11_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis,_M._J._T._(2001),_11-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 200 CE, <a href="/wiki/Ma_Jun_(mechanical_engineer)" title="Ma Jun (mechanical engineer)">Ma Jun</a> built a <a href="/wiki/South-pointing_chariot" title="South-pointing chariot">south-pointing chariot</a>, a vehicle with an early form of guidance system.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">stagecoach</a>, a four-wheeled vehicle drawn by horses, originated in 13th century England.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_2015_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson_2015-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Railways began reappearing in Europe after the <a href="/wiki/Dark_Ages_(historiography)" title="Dark Ages (historiography)">Dark Ages</a>. The earliest known record of a railway in Europe from this period is a stained-glass window in the <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_Minster" title="Freiburg Minster">Minster of Freiburg im Breisgau</a> dating from around 1350.<sup id="cite_ref-GrandExperiment_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrandExperiment-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1515, <a href="/wiki/Matth%C3%A4us_Lang" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthäus Lang">Cardinal Matthäus Lang</a> wrote a description of the <a href="/wiki/Reisszug" title="Reisszug">Reisszug</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">funicular railway</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hohensalzburg_Fortress" title="Hohensalzburg Fortress">Hohensalzburg Fortress</a> in Austria. The line originally used wooden rails and a <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a> haulage rope and was operated by human or animal power, through a <a href="/wiki/Treadwheel" title="Treadwheel">treadwheel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fm1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fm1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1769: <a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot" title="Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot">Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot</a> is often credited with building the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile in 1769.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Russia, in the 1780s, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kulibin" title="Ivan Kulibin">Ivan Kulibin</a> developed a human-pedalled, three-wheeled carriage with modern features such as a <a href="/wiki/Flywheel" title="Flywheel">flywheel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brake" title="Brake">brake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanical_device)" title="Transmission (mechanical device)">gear box</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)" title="Bearing (mechanical)">bearings</a>; however, it was not developed further.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1783, the <a href="/wiki/Montgolfier_brothers" title="Montgolfier brothers">Montgolfier brothers</a> developed the first <a href="/wiki/Balloon_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balloon (aircraft)">balloon</a> vehicle. </p><p>In 1801, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick">Richard Trevithick</a> built and demonstrated his <i>Puffing Devil</i> road locomotive, which many believe was the first demonstration of a steam-powered road vehicle, though it could not maintain sufficient steam pressure for long periods and was of little practical use. In 1817, The <a href="/wiki/Dandy_horse" title="Dandy horse">Laufmaschine</a> ("running machine"), invented by the German <a href="/wiki/Freiherr" title="Freiherr">Baron</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Drais" title="Karl Drais">Karl von Drais</a>, became the first human means of transport to make use of the <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_and_motorcycle_dynamics" title="Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics">two-wheeler principle</a>. It is regarded as the forerunner of the modern bicycle (and motorcycle).<sup id="cite_ref-CSTM_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSTM-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1885, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Benz" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Benz">Karl Benz</a> built (and subsequently patented) the <a href="/wiki/Benz_Patent-Motorwagen" title="Benz Patent-Motorwagen">Benz Patent-Motorwagen</a>, the first automobile, powered by his own <a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">four-stroke cycle gasoline engine</a>. </p><p>In 1885, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Lilienthal" title="Otto Lilienthal">Otto Lilienthal</a> began experimental <a href="/wiki/Gliding_(flight)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliding (flight)">gliding</a> and achieved the first sustained, controlled, reproducible flights. In 1903, the <a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Wright brothers</a> flew the <a href="/wiki/Wright_Flyer" title="Wright Flyer">Wright Flyer</a>, the first controlled, powered aircraft, in <a href="/wiki/Kitty_Hawk,_North_Carolina" title="Kitty Hawk, North Carolina">Kitty Hawk, North Carolina</a>. In 1907, <a href="/wiki/Breguet-Richet_Gyroplane" title="Breguet-Richet Gyroplane">Gyroplane No.I</a> became the first tethered <a href="/wiki/Rotorcraft" title="Rotorcraft">rotorcraft</a> to fly. The same year, the <a href="/wiki/Cornu_helicopter" title="Cornu helicopter">Cornu helicopter</a> became the first rotorcraft to achieve free flight.<sup id="cite_ref-Munson_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munson-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1928, <a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> initiated the <a href="/wiki/Opel-RAK" title="Opel-RAK">Opel-RAK</a> program, the first large-scale <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rocket</a> program. The <a href="/wiki/Opel_RAK.1" title="Opel RAK.1">Opel RAK.1</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/Rocket_car" title="Rocket car">rocket car</a>; the following year, it also became the first <a href="/wiki/Rocket-powered_aircraft" title="Rocket-powered aircraft">rocket-powered aircraft</a>. In 1961, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Vostok_1" title="Vostok 1">Vostok 1</a> carried <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a> into space. In 1969, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> achieved the first <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Moon landing</a>. </p><p>In 2010, the number of <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicles</a> in operation worldwide surpassed 1 billion, roughly one for every seven people.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_vehicles">Types of vehicles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3_modes_of_transport_-_boat,_train_and_cars,_eastbound_through_the_Columbia_River_Gorge,_near_Hood_River,_Oregon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/3_modes_of_transport_-_boat%2C_train_and_cars%2C_eastbound_through_the_Columbia_River_Gorge%2C_near_Hood_River%2C_Oregon.jpg/220px-3_modes_of_transport_-_boat%2C_train_and_cars%2C_eastbound_through_the_Columbia_River_Gorge%2C_near_Hood_River%2C_Oregon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/3_modes_of_transport_-_boat%2C_train_and_cars%2C_eastbound_through_the_Columbia_River_Gorge%2C_near_Hood_River%2C_Oregon.jpg/330px-3_modes_of_transport_-_boat%2C_train_and_cars%2C_eastbound_through_the_Columbia_River_Gorge%2C_near_Hood_River%2C_Oregon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/3_modes_of_transport_-_boat%2C_train_and_cars%2C_eastbound_through_the_Columbia_River_Gorge%2C_near_Hood_River%2C_Oregon.jpg/440px-3_modes_of_transport_-_boat%2C_train_and_cars%2C_eastbound_through_the_Columbia_River_Gorge%2C_near_Hood_River%2C_Oregon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="1247" /></a><figcaption>Cars, a train, and a boat traveling along the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River_Gorge" title="Columbia River Gorge">Columbia River Gorge</a> near <a href="/wiki/Hood_River,_Oregon" title="Hood River, Oregon">Hood River, Oregon</a> in 2004</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treemap_of_most-produced_vehicles_to_date.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Treemap_of_most-produced_vehicles_to_date.png/220px-Treemap_of_most-produced_vehicles_to_date.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Treemap_of_most-produced_vehicles_to_date.png/330px-Treemap_of_most-produced_vehicles_to_date.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Treemap_of_most-produced_vehicles_to_date.png/440px-Treemap_of_most-produced_vehicles_to_date.png 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="8000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Treemap" class="mw-redirect" title="Treemap">Treemap</a> of the most common vehicles ever made, with total number made shown by size, and type/model labelled and distinguished by color. Fixed-wing airplanes, helicopters, and commercial jetliners are visible in the lower right corner at maximum zoom.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are over 1 billion bicycles in use worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002 there were an estimated 590 million cars and 205 million motorcycles in service in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Worldmapper31_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worldmapper31-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Worldmapper32_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worldmapper32-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 500 million Chinese <a href="/wiki/Flying_Pigeon" title="Flying Pigeon">Flying Pigeon</a> bicycles have been made, more than any other single model of vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-Koeppel2007_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koeppel2007-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Newson2013_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newson2013-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most-produced model of motor vehicle is the <a href="/wiki/Honda_Super_Cub" title="Honda Super Cub">Honda Super Cub</a> motorcycle, having sold 60 million units in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-Squatriglia2008_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Squatriglia2008-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AMA2006_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMA2006-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most-produced car model is the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Corolla" title="Toyota Corolla">Toyota Corolla</a>, with at least 35 million made by 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-ABC_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoxBusiness_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoxBusiness-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common fixed-wing airplane is the <a href="/wiki/Cessna_172" title="Cessna 172">Cessna 172</a>, with about 44,000 having been made as of 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AvWeb1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AvWeb1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mil Mi-8</a>, at 17,000, is the most-produced helicopter.<sup id="cite_ref-Tegler_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tegler-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The top commercial jet airliner is the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737</a>, at about 10,000 in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fg6000_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fg6000-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Flight13march2018_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flight13march2018-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At around 14,000 for both, the most produced trams are the <a href="/wiki/KTM-5" title="KTM-5">KTM-5</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tatra_T3" title="Tatra T3">Tatra T3</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybus</a> is <a href="/wiki/ZiU-9" title="ZiU-9">ZiU-9</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locomotion">Locomotion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Locomotion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Propulsion" title="Propulsion">propulsion</a></div> <p>Locomotion consists of a means that allows displacement with little opposition, a <a href="/wiki/Power_(physics)" title="Power (physics)">power source</a> to provide the required <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy" title="Kinetic energy">kinetic energy</a> and a means to control the motion, such as a <a href="/wiki/Brake" title="Brake">brake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steering" title="Steering">steering</a> system. By far, most vehicles use <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">wheels</a> which employ the principle of <a href="/wiki/Rolling" title="Rolling">rolling</a> to enable displacement with very little <a href="/wiki/Rolling_friction" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling friction">rolling friction</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_source">Energy source</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Energy source"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_storage#Storage_methods" title="Energy storage">Energy storage § Storage methods</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">Hybrid vehicle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electric_vehicle_charging_point_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5804565.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Electric_vehicle_charging_point_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5804565.jpg/220px-Electric_vehicle_charging_point_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5804565.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Electric_vehicle_charging_point_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5804565.jpg/330px-Electric_vehicle_charging_point_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5804565.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Electric_vehicle_charging_point_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5804565.jpg/440px-Electric_vehicle_charging_point_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5804565.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Electric_car" title="Electric car">electric car</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Charging_station" title="Charging station">charging station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crawfordjohn" title="Crawfordjohn">Crawfordjohn</a>, Scotland</figcaption></figure> <p>It is essential that a vehicle have a source of energy to drive it. Energy can be extracted from external sources, as in the cases of a <a href="/wiki/Sailboat" title="Sailboat">sailboat</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Solar-powered_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar-powered car">solar-powered car</a>, or an electric <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcar</a> that uses overhead lines. Energy can also be stored, provided it can be converted on demand and the storing medium's <a href="/wiki/Energy_density" title="Energy density">energy density</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_density" title="Power density">power density</a> are sufficient to meet the vehicle's needs. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Human_power" title="Human power">Human power</a> is a simple source of energy that requires nothing more than humans. Despite the fact that humans cannot exceed 500 W (0.67 hp) for meaningful amounts of time,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Cycling_records" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling records">land speed record for human-powered vehicles</a> (unpaced) is 133 km/h (83 mph), as of 2009 on a <a href="/wiki/Recumbent_bicycle" title="Recumbent bicycle">recumbent bicycle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Speed2009_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speed2009-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The energy source used to power vehicles is <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuel</a>. External combustion engines can use almost anything that burns as fuel, whilst internal combustion engines and rocket engines are designed to burn a specific fuel, typically gasoline, <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>. Food is the fuel used to power non-motor vehicles such as cycles, rickshaws and other pedestrian-controlled vehicles. </p><p>Another common medium for storing energy is <a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">batteries</a>, which have the advantages of being responsive, useful in a wide range of power levels, environmentally friendly, efficient, simple to install, and easy to maintain. Batteries also facilitate the use of electric motors, which have their own advantages. On the other hand, batteries have low energy densities, short service life, poor performance at extreme temperatures, long charging times, and difficulties with disposal (although they can usually be recycled). Like fuel, batteries store chemical energy and can cause burns and poisoning in event of an accident.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Batteries also lose effectiveness with time.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The issue of charge time can be resolved by swapping discharged batteries with charged ones;<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, this incurs additional hardware costs and may be impractical for larger batteries. Moreover, there must be standard batteries for <a href="/wiki/Battery_swapping" title="Battery swapping">battery swapping</a> to work at a gas station. <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuel cells">Fuel cells</a> are similar to batteries in that they convert from chemical to electrical energy, but have their own advantages and disadvantages. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Third_rail" title="Third rail">Electrified rails</a> and overhead cables are a common source of electrical energy on subways, railways, trams, and trolleybuses. <a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">Solar energy</a> is a more modern development, and several <a href="/wiki/Solar_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar vehicles">solar vehicles</a> have been successfully built and tested, including <a href="/wiki/NASA_Pathfinder" title="NASA Pathfinder">Helios</a>, a solar-powered aircraft. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a> is a more exclusive form of energy storage, currently limited to large ships and submarines, mostly military. Nuclear energy can be released by a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear battery">nuclear battery</a>, or repeatedly detonating <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear bombs">nuclear bombs</a>. There have been two experiments with nuclear-powered aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-119" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-119">Tupolev Tu-119</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Convair_X-6" title="Convair X-6">Convair X-6</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Deformation_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deformation (mechanics)">Mechanical strain</a> is another method of storing energy, whereby an elastic band or metal spring is deformed and releases energy as it is allowed to return to its ground state. Systems employing elastic materials suffer from <a href="/wiki/Hysteresis" title="Hysteresis">hysteresis</a>, and metal springs are too dense to be useful in many cases.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Flywheel_energy_storage" title="Flywheel energy storage">Flywheels</a> store energy in a spinning mass. Because a light and fast rotor is energetically favorable, flywheels can pose a significant safety hazard. Moreover, flywheels leak energy fairly quickly and affect a vehicle's steering through the <a href="/wiki/Gyroscopic_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyroscopic effect">gyroscopic effect</a>. They have been used experimentally in <a href="/wiki/Gyrobus" title="Gyrobus">gyrobuses</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wind_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind energy">Wind energy</a> is used by sailboats and <a href="/wiki/Land_yacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Land yacht">land yachts</a> as the primary source of energy. It is very cheap and fairly easy to use, the main issues being dependence on weather and upwind performance. <a href="/wiki/Balloon_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balloon (aircraft)">Balloons</a> also rely on the wind to move horizontally. Aircraft flying in the <a href="/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">jet stream</a> may get a boost from high altitude winds. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Compressed_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Compressed gas">Compressed gas</a> is currently an experimental method of storing energy. In this case, compressed gas is simply stored in a tank and released when necessary. Like elastics, they have <a href="/wiki/Hysteresis" title="Hysteresis">hysteresis</a> losses when gas heats up during compression. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_potential_energy#Gravitational_potential_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitational potential energy">Gravitational potential energy</a> is a form of energy used in gliders, skis, <a href="/wiki/Bobsled" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobsled">bobsleds</a> and numerous other vehicles that go down hill. <a href="/wiki/Regenerative_brake" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerative brake">Regenerative braking</a> is an example of capturing <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy" title="Kinetic energy">kinetic energy</a> where the brakes of a vehicle are augmented with a generator or other means of extracting energy.<sup id="cite_ref-regenerative_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regenerative-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motors_and_engines">Motors and engines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Motors and engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">Engine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Honda_R18A_Engine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Honda_R18A_Engine.JPG/220px-Honda_R18A_Engine.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Honda_R18A_Engine.JPG/330px-Honda_R18A_Engine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Honda_R18A_Engine.JPG/440px-Honda_R18A_Engine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Honda_R_engine" title="Honda R engine">Honda R18A engine</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Honda_Civic_(eighth_generation)" title="Honda Civic (eighth generation)">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Honda_Civic" title="Honda Civic">Honda Civic</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When needed, the energy is taken from the source and consumed by one or more motors or engines. Sometimes there is an intermediate medium, such as the batteries of a diesel submarine.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most motor vehicles have <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal combustion engines">internal combustion engines</a>. They are fairly cheap, easy to maintain, reliable, safe and small. Since these engines burn fuel, they have long ranges but pollute the environment. A related engine is the <a href="/wiki/External_combustion_engine" title="External combustion engine">external combustion engine</a>. An example of this is the steam engine. Aside from fuel, steam engines also need water, making them impractical for some purposes. Steam engines also need time to warm up, whereas IC engines can usually run right after being started, although this may not be recommended in cold conditions. Steam engines burning coal release <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> into the air, causing harmful <a href="/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain">acid rain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While intermittent internal combustion engines were once the primary means of aircraft propulsion, they have been largely superseded by continuous internal combustion engines, such as <a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine" title="Gas turbine">gas turbines</a>. Turbine engines are light and, particularly when used on aircraft, efficient.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On the other hand, they cost more and require careful maintenance. They can also be damaged by ingesting foreign objects, and they produce a hot exhaust. Trains using turbines are called <a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine-electric_locomotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas turbine-electric locomotive">gas turbine-electric locomotives</a>. Examples of surface vehicles using turbines are <a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">M1 Abrams</a>, <a href="/wiki/MTT_Turbine_SUPERBIKE" class="mw-redirect" title="MTT Turbine SUPERBIKE">MTT Turbine SUPERBIKE</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium (ship)">Millennium</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pulse_jet" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulse jet">Pulse jet</a> engines are similar in many ways to turbojets but have almost no moving parts. For this reason, they were very appealing to vehicle designers in the past; however, their noise, heat, and inefficiency have led to their abandonment. A historical example of the use of a pulse jet was the <a href="/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb" title="V-1 flying bomb">V-1 flying bomb</a>. Pulse jets are still occasionally used in amateur experiments. With the advent of modern technology, the <a href="/wiki/Pulse_detonation_engine" title="Pulse detonation engine">pulse detonation engine</a> has become practical and was successfully tested on a <a href="/wiki/Rutan_VariEze" title="Rutan VariEze">Rutan VariEze</a>. While the pulse detonation engine is much more efficient than the pulse jet and even turbine engines, it still suffers from extreme noise and vibration levels. <a href="/wiki/Ramjets" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramjets">Ramjets</a> also have few moving parts, but they only work at high speed, so their use is restricted to <a href="/wiki/Tip_jet" title="Tip jet">tip jet</a> helicopters and high speed aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird" title="Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird">Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rocket engines are primarily used on rockets, rocket sleds and experimental aircraft. Rocket engines are extremely powerful. The heaviest vehicle ever to leave the ground, the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> rocket, was powered by five <a href="/wiki/F-1_(rocket_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="F-1 (rocket engine)">F-1 rocket engines</a> generating a combined 180 million horsepower<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (134.2 gigawatt). Rocket engines also have no need to "push off" anything, a fact that the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Goddard#New_York_Times_editorial" title="Robert H. Goddard">denied in error</a>. Rocket engines can be particularly simple, sometimes consisting of nothing more than a catalyst, as in the case of a <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a> rocket.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This makes them an attractive option for vehicles such as jet packs. Despite their simplicity, rocket engines are often dangerous and susceptible to explosions. The fuel they run off may be flammable, poisonous, corrosive or cryogenic. They also suffer from poor efficiency. For these reasons, rocket engines are only used when absolutely necessary.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Electric motors are used in <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicles</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">electric bicycles</a>, electric scooters, small boats, subways, <a href="/wiki/Electric_locomotive" title="Electric locomotive">trains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_aircraft" title="Electric aircraft">experimental aircraft</a>. Electric motors can be very efficient: over 90% efficiency is common.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Electric motors can also be built to be powerful, reliable, low-maintenance and of any size. Electric motors can deliver a range of speeds and torques without necessarily using a gearbox (although it may be more economical to use one). Electric motors are limited in their use chiefly by the difficulty of supplying electricity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Compressed gas motors have been used on some vehicles experimentally. They are simple, efficient, safe, cheap, reliable and operate in a variety of conditions. One of the difficulties met when using gas motors is the cooling effect of expanding gas. These engines are limited by how quickly they absorb heat from their surroundings.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cooling effect can, however, double as air conditioning. Compressed gas motors also lose effectiveness with falling gas pressure.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ion_thrusters" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion thrusters">Ion thrusters</a> are used on some satellites and spacecraft. They are only effective in a vacuum, which limits their use to spaceborne vehicles. Ion thrusters run primarily off electricity, but they also need a propellant such as <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">caesium</a>, or, more recently <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ion thrusters can achieve extremely high speeds and use little propellant; however, they are power-hungry.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Converting_energy_to_work">Converting energy to work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Converting energy to work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mechanical energy that motors and engines produce must be converted to <a href="/wiki/Work_(physics)" title="Work (physics)">work</a> by wheels, propellers, nozzles, or similar means. Aside from converting mechanical energy into motion, wheels allow a vehicle to roll along a surface and, with the exception of railed vehicles, to be steered.<sup id="cite_ref-steering_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steering-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wheels are ancient technology, with specimens being discovered from over 5000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wheels are used in a plethora of vehicles, including motor vehicles, <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">armoured personnel carriers</a>, amphibious vehicles, airplanes, trains, skateboards and wheelbarrows. </p><p>Nozzles are used in conjunction with almost all reaction engines.<sup id="cite_ref-nozzle_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nozzle-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vehicles using nozzles include jet aircraft, rockets, and <a href="/wiki/Personal_watercraft" title="Personal watercraft">personal watercraft</a>. While most nozzles take the shape of a cone or <a href="/wiki/De_Laval_nozzle" title="De Laval nozzle">bell</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nozzle_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nozzle-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some unorthodox designs have been created such as the <a href="/wiki/Aerospike_engine" title="Aerospike engine">aerospike</a>. Some nozzles are intangible, such as the electromagnetic field nozzle of a vectored ion thruster.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Continuous_track" title="Continuous track">Continuous track</a> is sometimes used instead of wheels to power land vehicles. Continuous track has the advantages of a larger contact area, easy repairs on small damage, and high maneuverability.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of vehicles using continuous tracks are tanks, snowmobiles and excavators. Two continuous tracks used together allow for steering. The largest land vehicle in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Bagger_293" title="Bagger 293">Bagger 293</a>, is propelled by continuous tracks. </p><p>Propellers (as well as screws, fans and rotors) are used to move through a fluid. Propellers have been used as toys since ancient times; however, it was <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> who devised what was one of the earliest propeller driven vehicles, the "aerial-screw".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1661, Toogood & Hays adopted the screw for use as a ship propeller.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, the propeller has been tested on many terrestrial vehicles, including the <a href="/wiki/Schienenzeppelin" title="Schienenzeppelin">Schienenzeppelin</a> train and numerous cars.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern times, propellers are most prevalent on watercraft and aircraft, as well as some amphibious vehicles such as hovercraft and <a href="/wiki/Ground-effect_vehicle" title="Ground-effect vehicle">ground-effect vehicles</a>. Intuitively, propellers cannot work in space as there is no working fluid; however, some sources have suggested that since <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacuum state">space is never empty</a>, a propeller could be made to work in space.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarly to propeller vehicles, some vehicles use wings for propulsion. Sailboats and sailplanes are propelled by the forward component of lift generated by their sails/wings.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ornithopter" title="Ornithopter">Ornithopters</a> also produce thrust aerodynamically. Ornithopters with large rounded leading edges produce lift by leading-edge suction forces.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research at the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lead to a flight with an actual ornithopter on July 31, 2010. </p><p>Paddle wheels are used on some older watercraft and their reconstructions. These ships were known as <a href="/wiki/Paddle_steamer" title="Paddle steamer">paddle steamers</a>. Because paddle wheels simply push against the water, their design and construction is very simple. The oldest such ship in scheduled service is the <a href="/wiki/Skibladner" title="Skibladner">Skibladner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many <a href="/wiki/Pedalo" title="Pedalo">pedalo</a> boats also use paddle wheels for propulsion. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Screw-propelled_vehicle" title="Screw-propelled vehicle">Screw-propelled vehicles</a> are propelled by <a href="/wiki/Auger_(drill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auger (drill)">auger</a>-like cylinders fitted with helical flanges. Because they can produce thrust on both land and water, they are commonly used on all-terrain vehicles. The <a href="/wiki/ZiL#Models" title="ZiL">ZiL-2906</a> was a Soviet-designed screw-propelled vehicle designed to retrieve cosmonauts from the Siberian wilderness.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friction">Friction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Friction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All or almost all of the useful energy produced by the engine is usually dissipated as friction; so minimizing frictional losses is very important in many vehicles. The main sources of friction are <a href="/wiki/Rolling_friction" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling friction">rolling friction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">fluid drag</a> (air drag or water drag). </p><p>Wheels have low bearing friction, and pneumatic tires give low rolling friction. Steel wheels on steel tracks are lower still.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aerodynamic_drag" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerodynamic drag">Aerodynamic drag</a> can be reduced by streamlined design features. </p><p>Friction is desirable and important in supplying <a href="/wiki/Traction_(engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traction (engineering)">traction</a> to facilitate motion on land. Most land vehicles rely on friction for accelerating, decelerating and changing direction. Sudden reductions in traction can cause loss of control and accidents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Control">Control</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steering">Steering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Steering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Steering" title="Steering">Steering</a></div> <p>Most vehicles, with the notable exception of railed vehicles, have at least one steering mechanism. Wheeled vehicles steer by angling their front<sup id="cite_ref-steering2_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steering2-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or rear<sup id="cite_ref-rear_steering_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rear_steering-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wheels. The <a href="/wiki/B-52_Stratofortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-52 Stratofortress">B-52 Stratofortress</a> has a special arrangement in which all four main wheels can be angled.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Skids can also be used to steer by angling them, as in the case of a <a href="/wiki/Snowmobile" title="Snowmobile">snowmobile</a>. Ships, boats, submarines, <a href="/wiki/Dirigible" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirigible">dirigibles</a> and aeroplanes usually have a <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a> for steering. On an airplane, <a href="/wiki/Aileron" title="Aileron">ailerons</a> are used to <a href="/wiki/Banked_turn" title="Banked turn">bank</a> the airplane for directional control, sometimes assisted by the rudder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stopping">Stopping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Stopping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brake" title="Brake">Brake</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brake_lights_on_the_Las_Vegas_Strip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Brake_lights_on_the_Las_Vegas_Strip.jpg/220px-Brake_lights_on_the_Las_Vegas_Strip.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Brake_lights_on_the_Las_Vegas_Strip.jpg/330px-Brake_lights_on_the_Las_Vegas_Strip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Brake_lights_on_the_Las_Vegas_Strip.jpg/440px-Brake_lights_on_the_Las_Vegas_Strip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4557" data-file-height="2287" /></a><figcaption>Cars stopping in traffic on the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Strip" title="Las Vegas Strip">Las Vegas Strip</a> in 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>With no power applied, most vehicles come to a stop due to <a href="/wiki/Friction" title="Friction">friction</a>. But it is often required to stop a vehicle faster than by friction alone, so almost all vehicles are equipped with a braking system. Wheeled vehicles are typically equipped with friction brakes, which use the friction between brake pads (stators) and brake rotors to slow the vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-regenerative_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regenerative-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many airplanes have high-performance versions of the same system in their <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">landing gear</a> for use on the ground. A <a href="/wiki/Boeing_757" title="Boeing 757">Boeing 757</a> brake, for example, has 3 stators and 4 rotors.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> also uses frictional brakes on its wheels.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as frictional brakes, hybrid and electric cars, trolleybuses and electric bicycles can also use regenerative brakes to recycle some of the vehicle's potential energy.<sup id="cite_ref-regenerative_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regenerative-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High-speed trains sometimes use frictionless <a href="/wiki/Eddy-current_brake" class="mw-redirect" title="Eddy-current brake">Eddy-current brakes</a>; however, widespread application of the technology has been limited by overheating and interference issues.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aside from landing gear brakes, most large aircraft have other ways of decelerating. In aircraft, <a href="/wiki/Air_brake_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air brake (aircraft)">air brakes</a> are aerodynamic surfaces that provide braking force by increasing the frontal cross section, thus increasing the increasing the aerodynamic drag of the aircraft. These are usually implemented as flaps that oppose air flow when extended and are flush with the aircraft when retracted. <a href="/wiki/Reverse_thrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse thrust">Reverse thrust</a> is also used in many aeroplane engines. Propeller aircraft achieve reverse thrust by reversing the pitch of the propellers, while jet aircraft do so by redirecting their engine exhausts forward.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arresting_gear" title="Arresting gear">arresting gears</a> are used to stop an aircraft. Pilots may even apply full forward throttle on touchdown, in case the arresting gear does not catch and a go around is needed.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Parachute" title="Parachute">Parachutes</a> are used to slow down vehicles travelling very fast. Parachutes have been used in land, air and space vehicles such as the <a href="/wiki/ThrustSSC" title="ThrustSSC">ThrustSSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon" title="Eurofighter Typhoon">Eurofighter Typhoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Command_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Command Module">Apollo Command Module</a>. Some older Soviet passenger jets had braking parachutes for emergency landings.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boats use similar devices called <a href="/wiki/Sea_anchor" title="Sea anchor">sea anchors</a> to maintain stability in rough seas. </p><p>To further increase the rate of deceleration or where the brakes have failed, several mechanisms can be used to stop a vehicle. Cars and <a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">rolling stock</a> usually have <a href="/wiki/Parking_brake" title="Parking brake">hand brakes</a> that, while designed to secure an already parked vehicle, can provide limited braking should the primary brakes fail. A secondary procedure called <a href="/wiki/Forward_slip" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward slip">forward-slip</a> is sometimes used to slow airplanes by flying at an angle, causing more drag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislation">Legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Motor vehicle and trailer categories are defined according to the following international classification:<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Category M: passenger vehicles.</li> <li>Category N: motor vehicles for the carriage of goods.</li> <li>Category O: <a href="/wiki/Trailer_(vehicle)" title="Trailer (vehicle)">trailers</a> and semi-trailers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union">European Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the European Union the classifications for vehicle types are defined by:<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Commission Directive 2001/116/EC of 20 December 2001, adapting to technical progress Council Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Directive 2002/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 March 2002 relating to the type-approval of two or three wheeled motor vehicles and repealing Council Directive 92/61/EEC</li></ul> <p>European Community is based on the Community's WVTA (whole vehicle type-approval) system. Under this system, manufacturers can obtain certification for a vehicle type in one Member State if it meets the EC technical requirements and then market it EU-wide with no need for further tests. Total technical harmonization already has been achieved in three vehicle categories (passenger cars, motorcycles, and tractors) and soon will extend to other vehicle categories (<a href="/wiki/Coach_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach (vehicle)">coaches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utility_vehicle" title="Utility vehicle">utility vehicles</a>). It is essential that European car manufacturers be ensured access to as large a market as possible. </p><p>While the Community type-approval system allows manufacturers to fully benefit fully from internal market opportunities, worldwide technical harmonization in the context of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (<a href="/wiki/UNECE" class="mw-redirect" title="UNECE">UNECE</a>) offers a market beyond European borders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Licensing">Licensing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Licensing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many cases, it is unlawful to operate a vehicle without a license or certification. The least strict form of regulation usually limits what passengers the driver may carry or prohibits them completely (e.g., a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Ultralight_aviation" title="Ultralight aviation">ultralight</a> license without endorsements).<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next level of licensing may allow passengers, but without any form of compensation or payment. A private driver's license usually has these conditions. Commercial licenses that allow the transport of passengers and cargo are more tightly regulated. The most strict form of licensing is generally reserved for school buses, <a href="/wiki/Dangerous_goods" title="Dangerous goods">hazardous materials</a> transports and emergency vehicles. </p><p>The driver of a motor vehicle is typically required to hold a valid <a href="/wiki/Driver%27s_license" title="Driver's license">driver's license</a> while driving on public lands, whereas the pilot of an aircraft must have a license at all times, regardless of where in the jurisdiction the aircraft is flying. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Registration">Registration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Registration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vehicles are often required to be registered. Registration may be for purely legal reasons, for insurance reasons, or to help law enforcement recover stolen vehicles. The <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Police_Service" title="Toronto Police Service">Toronto Police Service</a>, for example, offers free and optional bicycle registration online.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On motor vehicles, registration often takes the form of a <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">vehicle registration plate</a>, which makes it easy to identify a vehicle. In <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, trucks and buses have their licence plate numbers repeated in large black letters on the back.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On aircraft, a similar system is used, where a <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">tail number</a> is painted on various surfaces. Like motor vehicles and aircraft, watercraft also have registration numbers in most jurisdictions; however, the vessel name is still the primary means of identification as has been the case since ancient times. For this reason, duplicate registration names are generally rejected. In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, boats with an engine power of 10 hp (7.5 kW) or greater require registration,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to the ubiquitous "9.9 hp (7.4 kW)" engine. </p><p>Registration may be conditional on the vehicle being approved for use on public highways, as in the case of the UK<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ontario.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many U.S. states also have requirements for vehicles operating on public highways.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aircraft have more stringent requirements, as they pose a high risk of damage to people and property in the event of an accident. In the U.S., the FAA requires aircraft to have an <a href="/wiki/Airworthiness_certificate" title="Airworthiness certificate">airworthiness certificate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because U.S. aircraft must be flown for some time before they are certified,<sup id="cite_ref-cert_limits_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cert_limits-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there is a provision for an experimental airworthiness certificate.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FAA experimental aircraft are restricted in operation, including no overflights of populated areas, in busy airspace, or with unessential passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-cert_limits_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cert_limits-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Materials and parts used in FAA certified aircraft must meet the criteria set forth by the <i>technical standard orders</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mandatory_safety_equipment">Mandatory safety equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mandatory safety equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Vehicle" title="Special:EditPage/Vehicle">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In many jurisdictions, the operator of a vehicle is legally obligated to carry safety equipment with or on them. Common examples include seat belts in cars, helmets on motorcycles and bicycles, fire extinguishers on boats, buses and airplanes, and life jackets on boats and commercial aircraft. Passenger aircraft carry a great deal of safety equipment, including inflatable slides, rafts, oxygen masks, oxygen tanks, life jackets, satellite beacons and first aid kits. Some equipment, such as life jackets has led to debate regarding their usefulness. In the case of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_961" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961">Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961</a>, the life jackets saved many people but also led to many deaths when passengers inflated their vests prematurely. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Right-of-way">Right-of-way</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Right-of-way"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are specific real-estate arrangements made to allow vehicles to travel from one place to another. The most common arrangements are public highways, where appropriately licensed vehicles can navigate without hindrance. These highways are on public land and are maintained by the government. Similarly, toll routes are open to the public after paying a toll. These routes and the land they rest on may be government-owned, privately owned or a combination of both. Some routes are privately owned but grant access to the public. These routes often have a warning sign stating that the government does not maintain them. An example of this are <a href="/wiki/Byway_(road)" title="Byway (road)">byways</a> in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, land is open to unmotorized vehicles if it meets <a href="/wiki/Rights_of_way_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Rights of way in Scotland">certain criteria</a>. Public land is sometimes open to use by <a href="/wiki/Off-road_vehicle" title="Off-road vehicle">off-road vehicles</a>. On U.S. <a href="/wiki/Public_land" title="Public land">public land</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a> (BLM) decides where vehicles may be used. </p><p>Railways often pass over land not owned by the railway company. The right to this land is granted to the railway company through mechanisms such as <a href="/wiki/Easement" title="Easement">easement</a>. Watercraft are generally allowed to navigate public waters without restriction as long as they do not cause a disturbance. Passing through a <a href="/wiki/Lock_(water_navigation)" title="Lock (water navigation)">lock</a>, however, may require paying a toll. </p><p>Despite the <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> tradition <i><a href="/wiki/Cuius_est_solum,_eius_est_usque_ad_coelum_et_ad_inferos" title="Cuius est solum, eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos">Cuius est solum, eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos</a></i> of owning all the air above one's property, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> ruled that aircraft in the U.S. have <a href="/wiki/Air_rights" title="Air rights">the right to use air</a> above someone else's property without their consent. While the same rule generally applies in all jurisdictions, some countries, such as Cuba and Russia, have taken advantage of air rights on a national level to earn money.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are some areas that aircraft are barred from overflying. This is called <a href="/wiki/Prohibited_airspace" title="Prohibited airspace">prohibited airspace</a>. Prohibited airspace is usually strictly enforced due to potential damage from espionage or attack. In the case of <a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a>, the airliner entered prohibited airspace over <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> territory and was shot down as it was leaving.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a comparison of air transportation fatality rates, see <a href="/wiki/Aviation_safety#Statistics" title="Aviation safety">Aviation safety § Statistics</a>.</div> <p>Several different metrics used to compare and evaluate the safety of different vehicles. The main three are <i>deaths per billion passenger-journeys</i>, <i>deaths per billion passenger-hours</i> and <i>deaths per billion passenger-kilometers</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vehicles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vehicles">Vehicles</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vehicle" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:vehicle">vehicle</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/craft" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:craft">craft</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_acronyms_and_abbreviations" title="Automotive acronyms and abbreviations">Automotive acronyms and abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIRI_6924" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIRI 6924">ISIRI 6924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-track_vehicle" title="Narrow-track vehicle">Narrow-track vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_vehicles" title="Outline of vehicles">Outline of vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_transporter" title="Personal transporter">Personal transporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propulsion" title="Propulsion">Propulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-track_vehicle" title="Single-track vehicle">Single-track vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_dynamics" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicular dynamics">Vehicular dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_metrics" title="Vehicular metrics">Vehicular metrics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OED-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-vehicle" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=vehicle">"vehicle"</a></span>. <i><a 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgFAR.nsf/0/c71e4cb4b0e8d48186256ef4004b96d6!OpenDocument">the original</a> on 28 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Section 9, subsection 153. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rgl.faa.gov/regulatory_and_guidance_library/rgorders.nsf/0/184b11bb25fd020c862572c3000b21ab/$FILE/Order%208130.2F%20change%203%20.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Airworthiness+Certification+of+Aircraft+and+Related+Products&rft.pages=Section+9%2C+subsection+153&rft.pub=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.date=2007-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frgl.faa.gov%2Fregulatory_and_guidance_library%2Frgorders.nsf%2F0%2F184b11bb25fd020c862572c3000b21ab%2F%24FILE%2FOrder%25208130.2F%2520change%25203%2520.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVehicle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/airworthiness_certification/sp_awcert/experiment/">"Experimental Category"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Experimental+Category&rft.pub=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Faircraft%2Fair_cert%2Fairworthiness_certification%2Fsp_awcert%2Fexperiment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVehicle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/design_approvals/tso/">"Technical Standard Orders (TSO)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technical+Standard+Orders+%28TSO%29&rft.pub=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Faircraft%2Fair_cert%2Fdesign_approvals%2Ftso%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVehicle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaryl_Lindsey2007" class="citation news cs1">Daryl Lindsey (2 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,515032,00.html">"Russia 'Blackmails' Lufthansa over Cargo Hubs"</a>. <i>Spiegel Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Resistor">Resistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor">Capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inductor" title="Inductor">Inductor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">Automobile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agricultural_machinery" title="List of agricultural machinery">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed-counting_machine" title="Seed-counting machine">Seed-counting machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vending_machine" title="Vending machine">Vending machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_tunnel" title="Wind tunnel">Wind tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_weigher" title="Check weigher">Check weighing machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riveting_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Riveting machines">Riveting machines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Springs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spring_(device)" title="Spring (device)">Spring (device)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Technology_and_related_concepts491" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Technology_topics" title="Template:Technology topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Technology_topics" title="Template talk:Technology topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Technology_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Technology topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Technology_and_related_concepts491" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> and related concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_technologies491" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major technologies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Necessities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafting" title="Grafting">Grafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">Working animal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">Clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_machine" title="Sewing machine">Sewing machine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">Cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)" title="Mill (grinding)">Milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_storage" title="Food storage">Food storage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">Sanitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">Toilet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool" title="Tool">Tool</a> / <a href="/wiki/Equipment" title="Equipment">Equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blade" title="Blade">Blade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plough" title="Plough">Plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge" title="Wedge">Wedge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">Gun</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting" title="Accounting">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculation" title="Calculation">Calculation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abacus" title="Abacus">Abacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_and_key" title="Lock and key">Lock and key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">Money</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">Banknote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">Coin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instrument</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">Phonograph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy" title="Toy">Toy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game" title="Game">Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">Writing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Map" title="Map">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">Printing press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">Typewriter</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(water_supply)" title="Aqueduct (water supply)">Aqueduct</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Building</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)" title="Foundation (engineering)">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaffolding" title="Scaffolding">Scaffolding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower" title="Tower">Tower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caisson_(engineering)" title="Caisson (engineering)">Caisson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonemasonry" title="Stonemasonry">Stonemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">Aircraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerostat" title="Aerostat">Aerostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">Airplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaplane" title="Seaplane">Seaplane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseback_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Horseback riding">Horseback riding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stirrup" title="Stirrup">Stirrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_engine" title="Jet engine">Jet engine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">Rocket</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">Motor vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad">Railroad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Train" title="Train">Train</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_set" title="Scuba set">Scuba set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">Spacecraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">Space station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">Space suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watercraft" title="Watercraft">Watercraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">Carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casting" title="Casting">Casting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost-wax_casting" title="Lost-wax casting">Lost-wax casting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">Mass production</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line">Assembly line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchangeable_parts" title="Interchangeable parts">Interchangeable parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">Machine tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">Welding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simple_machine" title="Simple machine">Simple machine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axle" title="Axle">Axle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)" title="Bearing (mechanical)">Bearing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_bearing" title="Ball bearing">Ball bearing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_(mechanical)" title="Belt (mechanical)">Belt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chain" title="Chain">Chain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lever" title="Lever">Lever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catapult" title="Catapult">Catapult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_(machine)" title="Crane (machine)">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadoof" title="Shadoof">Shadoof</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linkage_(mechanical)" title="Linkage (mechanical)">Linkage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cam_(mechanism)" title="Cam (mechanism)">Cam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clutch" title="Clutch">Clutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-bar_linkage" title="Four-bar linkage">Four-bar linkage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rack_and_pinion" title="Rack and pinion">Rack and pinion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendulum" title="Pendulum">Pendulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw" title="Screw">Screw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archimedes%27_screw" title="Archimedes' screw">Archimedes' screw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propeller" title="Propeller">Propeller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_(device)" title="Spring (device)">Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve" title="Valve">Valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Block_and_tackle" title="Block and tackle">Block and tackle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flywheel" title="Flywheel">Flywheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gear" title="Gear">Gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potter%27s_wheel" title="Potter's wheel">Potter's wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulley" title="Pulley">Pulley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing" title="Wing">Wing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Machinery">Machinery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_machinery" title="Agricultural machinery">Agricultural machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">Appliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dishwasher" title="Dishwasher">Dishwasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washing_machine" title="Washing machine">Washing machine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">Engine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Electric motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal combustion">Internal combustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbine" title="Turbine">Turbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterwheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterwheel">Waterwheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill" title="Windmill">Windmill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">Heavy equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery" title="Hydraulic machinery">Hydraulics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_cylinder" title="Hydraulic cylinder">Cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_manifold" title="Hydraulic manifold">Manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">Pump</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_(engineering)" title="Mechanism (engineering)">Mechanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_(mechanical_device)" title="Differential (mechanical device)">Differential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicyclic_gearing" title="Epicyclic gearing">Epicyclic gearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimbal" title="Gimbal">Gimbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyroscope" title="Gyroscope">Gyroscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whippletree_(mechanism)" title="Whippletree (mechanism)">Whippletree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEMS" title="MEMS">MEMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumatics" title="Pneumatics">Pneumatics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compressor" title="Compressor">Compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackhammer" title="Jackhammer">Jackhammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivet_gun" title="Rivet gun">Rivet gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_pump" title="Vacuum pump">Vacuum pump</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">Robotics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robotic_arm" title="Robotic arm">Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leg_mechanism" title="Leg mechanism">Leg</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Energy_development" title="Energy development">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Control of fire">Fire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charcoal_burner" title="Charcoal burner">Charcoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oven" title="Oven">Oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_storage" title="Energy storage">Energy storage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_battery" title="Electric battery">Battery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power" title="Geothermal power">Geothermal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_exchanger" title="Heat exchanger">Heat exchanger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pump" title="Heat pump">Heat pump</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_technology" title="Nuclear technology">Nuclear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_drilling" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil drilling">Oil drilling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fracking" title="Fracking">Fracking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">Refrigeration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">Air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator">Refrigerator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">Solar power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photovoltaics" title="Photovoltaics">Photovoltaics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Material" title="Material">Material</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">Cement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">Concrete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">Ceramic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">Brick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipped_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chipped stone">Chipped stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonry" title="Masonry">Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hall%E2%80%93H%C3%A9roult_process" title="Hall–Héroult process">Aluminum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironworking" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironworking">Ironworking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">Steel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanomaterials" title="Nanomaterials">Nanomaterials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">Plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rammed_earth" title="Rammed earth">Rammed earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">Rubber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulcanization" title="Vulcanization">Vulcanization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Textile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loom" title="Loom">Loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_wheel" title="Spinning wheel">Spinning wheel</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_transfusion" title="Blood transfusion">Blood transfusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">Dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">Genetic engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CRISPR_gene_editing" title="CRISPR gene editing">CRISPR gene editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_testing" title="Genetic testing">Genetic testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction" title="Polymerase chain reaction">PCR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">Medication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesia" title="Anesthesia">Anesthesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">Antibiotic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosthesis" title="Prosthesis">Prosthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">Vaccine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">Chemical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detergent" title="Detergent">Detergent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">Soap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dye" title="Dye">Dye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">Explosive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamite" title="Dynamite">Dynamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">Gunpowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNT" title="TNT">TNT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">Fertilizer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haber_process" title="Haber process">Haber process</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_glassware" title="Laboratory glassware">Laboratory glassware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">Pesticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">Pigment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_process" title="Separation process">Separation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromatography" title="Chromatography">Chromatography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">Distillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filtration" title="Filtration">Filtration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrometer" title="Spectrometer">Spectrometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_synthesis" title="Chemical synthesis">Synthesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">Electromagnetism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnet" title="Electromagnet">Electromagnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">Laser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens" title="Lens">Lens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eyeglasses" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyeglasses">Eyeglasses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_storage" title="Magnetic storage">Magnetic storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave_oven" title="Microwave oven">Microwave oven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror" title="Mirror">Mirror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">Optical fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_instrument" title="Optical instrument">Optical instrument</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">Microscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">Telescope</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle_accelerator" title="Particle accelerator">Particle accelerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Motion picture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">Television</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">Electricity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_network" title="Electrical network">Circuit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">AC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_breaker" title="Circuit breaker">Circuit breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_grid" title="Electrical grid">Electrical grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(electrical)" title="Fuse (electrical)">Fuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_generator" title="Electric generator">Generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch" title="Switch">Switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">Transformer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_light" title="Electric light">Electric light</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp" title="Fluorescent lamp">Fluorescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb" title="Incandescent light bulb">Incandescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon_lighting" title="Neon lighting">Neon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">Electronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor">Capacitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit board">Circuit board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistor" title="Resistor">Resistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inductor" title="Inductor">Inductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">Vacuum tube</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_rod" title="Lightning rod">Lightning rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimeter" title="Multimeter">Multimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscilloscope" title="Oscilloscope">Oscilloscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diode" title="Diode">Diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">Integrated circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">Transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="Superconductor">Superconductor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">Computer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">Hardware</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPU">GPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">Modem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherboard" title="Motherboard">Motherboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">Router</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">Touchscreen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model" title="Client–server model">Client–server model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">Peer-to-peer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">Compiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_software" title="Graphics software">Graphics software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spreadsheet" title="Spreadsheet">Spreadsheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">Word processor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Perspectives491" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Perspectives</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_technology" title="Criticism of technology">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">Appropriate technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_technology" title="Low technology">Low technology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luddite" title="Luddite">Luddite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Luddism" title="Neo-Luddism">Neo-Luddism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precautionary_principle" title="Precautionary principle">Precautionary principle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecotechnology" title="Ecotechnology">Ecotechnology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">Environmental technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clean_technology" title="Clean technology">Clean technology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_engineering" title="Sustainable engineering">Sustainable engineering</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy & politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_by_algorithm" title="Government by algorithm">Government by algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_secret" title="Trade secret">Trade secret</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persuasive_technology" title="Persuasive technology">Persuasive technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_policy" title="Science policy">Science policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_of_Technology" title="Strategy of Technology">Strategy of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_assessment" title="Technology assessment">Technology assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technorealism" title="Technorealism">Technorealism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Progressivism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futures_studies" title="Futures studies">Futures studies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technology_forecasting" title="Technology forecasting">Technology forecasting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_utopianism" title="Technological utopianism">Technological utopianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy_movement" title="Technocracy movement">Technocracy movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Technological singularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies" title="Science and technology studies">Studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion_of_innovations" title="Diffusion of innovations">Diffusion of innovations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technology_transfer" title="Technology transfer">Technology transfer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_historic_inventions" title="Timeline of historic inventions">Timeline of historic inventions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_technology" title="Philosophy of technology">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_technology" title="Social construction of technology">Social construction of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_determinism" title="Technological determinism">Technological determinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_acceptance_model" title="Technology acceptance model">Technology acceptance model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_concepts491" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Applied_science" title="Applied science">Applied science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">Agronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_science" title="Forensic science">Forensics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveying" title="Surveying">Surveying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">Innovation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">High tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invention" title="Invention">Invention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mature_technology" title="Mature technology">Mature technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">Research and development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_convergence" title="Technological convergence">Technological convergence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_lifecycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology lifecycle">Technology lifecycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Technology" title="Category:Technology"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/40px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_technology" title="Outline of technology"><b>Outline</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology"><b>Portal</b></a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_industries631" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Natural_sector631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">Natural sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arable_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Arable farming">Arable farming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cereal#Production" title="Cereal">Cereals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume#Uses" title="Legume">Legumes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_farming" title="Vegetable farming">Vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Fiber crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Oilseeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry" title="Sugar industry">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_industry" title="Tobacco industry">Tobacco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_crop" title="Permanent crop">Permanent crops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pome" title="Pome">Apples et al.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry#Commercial_production" title="Berry">Berries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_production" title="Citrus production">Citrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">Stone fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_fruits#Tropical_and_tropical-like_fruit" title="List of culinary fruits">Tropical fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean#Cultivation" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee industry">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea#Production" title="Tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)#Production" title="Nut (fruit)">Nuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">Medicinal plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture_industry" title="Horticulture industry">Horticulture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floral_industry" title="Floral industry">Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_company" title="Seed company">Seeds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_cattle" title="Beef cattle">Beef cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming#Market" title="Dairy farming">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_industry" title="Horse industry">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Other livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_farming" title="Pig farming">Pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool#Production" title="Wool">Wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">Beekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochineal#Farming" title="Cochineal">Cochineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">Shellac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk#Production_process" title="Silk">Silk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trapping" title="Trapping">Fur trapping</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silviculture" title="Silviculture">Silviculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation" title="Bamboo cultivation">Bamboo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">Logging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firewood" title="Firewood">Firewood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan#Economic_and_environmental_issues" title="Rattan">Rattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">Tree tapping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankincense#Production" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic#Production" title="Gum arabic">Gum arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha#Uses" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup#Production" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)#Cultivation" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber#Production" title="Natural rubber">Natural rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">Palm sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_syrup" title="Palm syrup">syrup</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_stores_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval stores industry">Pine resin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">Wild mushrooms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fungiculture" title="Fungiculture">Fungiculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">Truffles</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aquatic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">Fishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy#Fisheries" title="Anchovy">Anchovies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring#Fisheries" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine#Fisheries" title="Sardine">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock#Fisheries" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock#Fisheries" title="Alaska pollock">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel#Fisheries" title="Mackerel">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark#Fishery" title="Shark">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish#Fisheries" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna#Fishing_industry" title="Tuna">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid#Commercial_fishing" title="Squid">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Aquaculture" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abalone#Farming" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#Aquaculture" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_pearl" title="Cultured pearl">Pearls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_microalgae_in_hatcheries" title="Culture of microalgae in hatcheries">Microalgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Both <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clam_digging" title="Clam digging">Clams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food" title="Sea cucumbers as food">Sea cucumbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop#Seafood_industry" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp#Human_uses" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuel industry">Fossil fuels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal industry">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">Peat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_industry" title="Oil shale industry">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_sands" title="Oil sands">Tar sands</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mining of ores <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium#Production_and_refinement" title="Aluminium">Aluminum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper#Production" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_ore#Production_and_consumption" title="Iron ore">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining" title="Gold mining">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_mining" title="Silver mining">Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum#Production" title="Platinum">Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium#Production" title="Lithium">Lithium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element#Global_rare-earth_production" title="Rare-earth element">Rare-earth metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_mining" title="Uranium mining">Uranium</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other minerals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">Gemstones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Production" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potash#Production" title="Potash">Potash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt#Production" title="Salt">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur#Production" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarrying</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_pit" title="Gravel pit">Gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_mining" title="Sand mining">Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalk_mining" title="Chalk mining">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_pit" title="Clay pit">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsum#Mining" title="Gypsum">Gypsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone#Uses" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimension_stone#Production" title="Dimension stone">Dimension stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite#Industry" title="Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble#Production" title="Marble">Marble</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Industrial_sector631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">Industrial sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Light_industry" title="Light industry">Light industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feed_manufacturing" title="Feed manufacturing">Animal feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baking#Commercial_baking" title="Baking">Baking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li> <li>Dairy products</li> <li>Flour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_industry" title="Meat industry">Meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food">Prepared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">Preserved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy_making" title="Candy making">Sweets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil#Production" title="Vegetable oil">Vegetable oils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink_industry" title="Drink industry">Beverages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewing_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewing industry">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">Bottled water</a></li> <li>Liquor</li> <li>Soft drinks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">Textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">Carding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">Dyeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_printing" title="Textile printing">Prints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">Spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linens" title="Linens">Linens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Accessories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressmaker" title="Dressmaker">Dressmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Furs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">Hatmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">Sewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">Shoemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailor" title="Tailor">Tailoring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_embossing" title="Paper embossing">Embossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">Engraving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">Secure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></li></ul></li> <li>Media reproduction <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape">Cassette tapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_phonograph_records" title="Production of phonograph records">Phonographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Disc manufacturing">Optical discs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">Metal fabrication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilermaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Boilermaking">Boilermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builders_hardware" title="Builders hardware">Builders'</a> & <a href="/wiki/Household_hardware" class="mw-redirect" title="Household hardware">household hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlery" title="Cutlery">Cutlery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunsmith" title="Gunsmith">Gunsmithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locksmithing" title="Locksmithing">Locksmithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_shop" title="Machine shop">Machining</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">smithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_metallurgy" title="Powder metallurgy">Powder metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefabrication" title="Prefabrication">Prefabrication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_finishing" title="Surface finishing">Surface finishing</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other fabrication <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_(manufacturing)" title="Drawing (manufacturing)">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassblowing" title="Glassblowing">Glassblowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintering" title="Sintering">Sintering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonemasonry" title="Stonemasonry">Stonemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking">Woodworking</a></li></ul></li> <li>Furniture</li> <li>Other goods <ul><li>Baggage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_industry" title="Bicycle industry">Bicycles</a></li> <li>Jewellery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_device" title="Medical device">Medical supplies</a></li> <li>Musical instruments</li> <li>Office supplies</li> <li>Outdoors & sports equipment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy#Economics" title="Toy">Toys</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electrical <br /> & optical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry" title="Electronics industry">Electronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">Components</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#Manufacturing" title="Printed circuit board">Circuit boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry" title="Semiconductor industry">Semiconductors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer industry">Computers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_system_manufacturers" title="List of computer system manufacturers">Computer systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_hardware_manufacturers" title="List of computer hardware manufacturers">Parts & peripherals</a></li> <li>Blank <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage#Storage_media" title="Computer data storage">storage media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Communications equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone#Sales" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_equipment_provider" title="Network equipment provider">Network infrastructure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics#Products" title="Consumer electronics">Consumer electronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_set#Major_manufacturers" title="Television set">Televisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Market" title="Video game console">Video game consoles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentation" title="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</a> <ul><li>Clocks and watches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation_device#Consumer_applications" title="Satellite navigation device">GPS devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_instrument#List_of_scientific_instruments_manufacturers" title="Scientific instrument">Scientific instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging#Industry" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_instrument" title="Optical instrument">Optical instruments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Cameras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">Gun</a> & <a href="/wiki/Spotting_scope" title="Spotting scope">spotting scopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_construction" title="Laser construction">Laser construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_manufacturing_and_testing" title="Optical manufacturing and testing">Lens grinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">Microscopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">Telescopes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_device" title="Electrical device">Electrical equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_battery" title="Electric battery">Batteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_cable" title="Electrical cable">Electrical</a> & <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">fiber optic</a> cables</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_light" title="Electric light">Electric lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Electric motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">Home appliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">Transformers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">Chemicals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Coal & <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">Bitumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">Diesel fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">Fuel oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">Gasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_fuel" title="Jet fuel">Jet fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">Kerosene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">Mineral oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraffin_wax" title="Paraffin wax">Paraffin wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">Petrochemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_jelly" title="Petroleum jelly">Petroleum jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">Propane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_oil" title="Synthetic oil">Synthetic oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar" title="Tar">Tar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_chemicals" title="Commodity chemicals">Commodity chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fertilizer#Production" title="Fertilizer">Fertilizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_gas" title="Industrial gas">Industrial gases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">Pigments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element#Allotropes" title="Chemical element">Pure elements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciality_chemicals" title="Speciality chemicals">Speciality chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrochemical" title="Agrochemical">Agrochemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aroma_compound" title="Aroma compound">Aroma compounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaning_agent" title="Cleaning agent">Cleaning products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">Paints</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">inks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">Perfumes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">Soap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toiletries" class="mw-redirect" title="Toiletries">Toiletries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_chemical" title="Fine chemical">Fine chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">Pharmaceuticals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_antibiotics" title="Production of antibiotics">Antibiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_product" title="Blood product">Blood products</a></li> <li>Chemical & hormonal <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">contraceptives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">Generic drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">Illegal drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">Supplements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">Vaccines</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">Leather</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liming_(leather_processing)" title="Liming (leather processing)">Liming</a> & <a href="/wiki/Deliming" title="Deliming">deliming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" title="Tanning (leather)">Tanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currier" title="Currier">Currying</a> & <a href="/wiki/Oiling_(leather_processing)" title="Oiling (leather processing)">oiling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_industry" title="Wood industry">Wood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wood_drying" title="Wood drying">Drying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">Sawmilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineered_wood" title="Engineered wood">Engineered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">Lumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-plastic_composite" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood-plastic composite">Composite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">Paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sizing#Papermaking" title="Sizing">Sizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">Pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper">Tissue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_rubber" title="Synthetic rubber">Rubber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tire_manufacturing" title="Tire manufacturing">Tires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcanization" title="Vulcanization">Vulcanized rubber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastics_industry" title="Plastics industry">Plastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_plastics" title="Commodity plastics">Commodity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_plastic" title="Engineering plastic">Engineered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-performance_plastics" title="High-performance plastics">Specialty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelletizing" title="Pelletizing">Pellets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">Synthetic fibers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoplastic" title="Thermoplastic">Thermoplastics</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thermosetting_polymer" title="Thermosetting polymer">thermosets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borosilicate_glass" title="Borosilicate glass">Borosilicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fused_quartz" title="Fused quartz">Fused quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda%E2%80%93lime_glass" title="Soda–lime glass">Soda-lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_glass" title="Float glass">Float glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber" title="Glass fiber">Glass fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_wool" title="Glass wool">Glass wool</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_glass" title="Safety glass">Safety glass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">Ceramics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brickworks" title="Brickworks">Brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthenware" title="Earthenware">Earthenware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcelain#Other_uses" title="Porcelain">Porcelain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refractory" title="Refractory">Refractory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">Tile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cement#Cement_industry_in_the_world" title="Cement">Cement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)" title="Mortar (masonry)">Mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster">Plaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready-mix_concrete" title="Ready-mix concrete">Ready-mix concrete</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other mineral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">Abrasives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">Carbon fibers</a> & <a href="/wiki/Allotropes_of_carbon" title="Allotropes of carbon">advanced materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_wool" title="Mineral wool">Mineral wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_gem" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic gem">Synthetic gems</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy" title="Extractive metallurgy">Metal refining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ironworks" title="Ironworks">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_smelting" title="Aluminium smelting">Aluminum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_extraction" title="Copper extraction">Copper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">Alloys</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steel_mill" title="Steel mill">Steel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forming_(metalworking)" title="Forming (metalworking)">Formed metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_(metalworking)" title="Rolling (metalworking)">Rolled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forging" title="Forging">Forged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundry" title="Foundry">Cast metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">Heavy industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machine_industry" title="Machine industry">Machinery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery" title="Hydraulic machinery">Hydraulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_tool_builder" title="Machine tool builder">Machine tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_generator" title="Turbo generator">Power</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automobiles</a></li> <li>Other heavy <a class="mw-selflink selflink">vehicles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace industry">Aerospace</a> & <a href="/wiki/Space_industry" title="Space industry">space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">Rail vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Ships</a> & <a href="/wiki/Oil_platform" title="Oil platform">offshore platforms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">Utilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Power <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_industry" title="Electric power industry">Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas#Domestic_use" title="Natural gas">Gas distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialization" title="Renewable energy commercialization">Renewable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_industry" title="Water industry">Water</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">Sewage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_industry" title="Waste management industry">Waste management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">Dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste">Hazardous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_remediation" title="Environmental remediation">Remediation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_industry" title="Telecommunications industry">Telecom networks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone company">Telephone</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_property" title="Commercial property">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_construction" title="Home construction">Residential</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge building">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadbuilding" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadbuilding">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel#Construction" title="Tunnel">Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal#Construction" title="Canal">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dredging#Major_dredging_companies" title="Dredging">Dredging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">Harbors</a></li></ul></li> <li>Specialty trades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">Cabinetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition">Demolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_wiring" title="Electrical wiring">Electrical wiring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator_mechanic" title="Elevator mechanic">Elevators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning#HVAC_industry_and_standards" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">HVAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator" title="House painter and decorator">Painting and decorating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)" title="Earthworks (engineering)">Site preparation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Service_sector631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">Service sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">Sales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_dealership" title="Car dealership">Car dealership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast-moving_consumer_goods" title="Fast-moving consumer goods">Consumer goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_store" title="General store">General store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">Grocery store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">Department store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">Mail order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">Online shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialty_store" title="Specialty store">Specialty store</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wholesaling" title="Wholesaling">Wholesale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">Auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">Brokerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distribution_(marketing)" title="Distribution (marketing)">Distribution</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a> <br /> & Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">Cargo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_cargo" title="Air cargo">Air cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermodal_freight_transport" title="Intermodal freight transport">Intermodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_company" title="Moving company">Moving company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_freight_transport" title="Rail freight transport">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking" class="mw-redirect" title="Trucking">Trucking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger transport">Passenger transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_rental" title="Car rental">Car rentals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger rail">Passenger rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Ridesharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">Taxis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">Warehousing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self_storage" title="Self storage">Self storage</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">Hospitality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foodservice" title="Foodservice">Foodservice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drink service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">Cafés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catering" title="Catering">Catering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_delivery" title="Food delivery">Food delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teahouse" title="Teahouse">Teahouses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">Hotels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asset_management" title="Asset management">Asset management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">Financial services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit" title="Credit">Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_adviser" title="Financial adviser">Financial advice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Holding company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_funds_transfer" title="Electronic funds transfer">Money transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payment_card_industry" title="Payment card industry">Payment cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">Securities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">Insurance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">Pension funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_insurance" title="Property insurance">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance" title="Reinsurance">Reinsurance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_economics" title="Real estate economics">Real estate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_agent" title="Real estate agent">Brokerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_management" title="Property management">Property management</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_services" title="Professional services">Professional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting_network" title="Accounting network">Accounting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assurance_services" title="Assurance services">Assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit" title="Audit">Audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookkeeping" title="Bookkeeping">Bookkeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_advisor" title="Tax advisor">Tax advice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_firm" title="Architectural firm">Architecture</a> & <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspection" title="Inspection">Inspection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveying" title="Surveying">Surveying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_test" title="Physical test">Physical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Product_testing" title="Product testing">product</a>, & <a href="/wiki/System_testing" title="System testing">system testing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Product</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice_of_law" title="Practice of law">Legal services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consulting_firm" title="Consulting firm">Consulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_industry" title="Advertising industry">Advertising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_industry" title="Language industry">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">Research and development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_research" title="Basic research">Basic research</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">Healthcare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Medicine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dentist_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Dentist office">Dentist offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">Nursing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_care" title="Residential care">Residential care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Entertainment#Industry" title="Entertainment">Entertainment</a><br /> & <a href="/wiki/Leisure_industry" title="Leisure industry">leisure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Audio-visual <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_industry" title="Radio industry">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television#Content" title="Television">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_industry" title="Sport industry">Sport</a></li> <li>Travel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_travel" title="Business travel">Business travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_line" title="Cruise line">Cruise lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">Gambling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">Online</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venues <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">Arcades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">Amusement parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair" title="Fair">Fairgrounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Nightclubs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabletop_game_industry" title="Tabletop game industry">Tabletop games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a> <br /> & <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Written <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodical_literature" title="Periodical literature">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_industry" title="Software industry">Software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">Hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">Social networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">Websites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University" title="University">University</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standardized_test" title="Standardized test">Testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutoring" title="Tutoring">Tutoring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Administrative <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customer_service" title="Customer service">Customer service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">Leasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renting" title="Renting">Renting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_agency" title="Employment agency">Staffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">Private investigation</a> & <a href="/wiki/Security_company" title="Security company">security</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maintenance <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Janitor">Janitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_maintenance" title="Landscape maintenance">Landscaping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_(technical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maintenance (technical)">Repairs</a></li> <li>Personal services <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_salon" title="Beauty salon">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_cleaning" title="Dry cleaning">Dry cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral industry">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maid_service" title="Maid service">Maid service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_industry" title="Pet industry">Pet care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_industry" title="Poverty industry">Poverty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_classification" title="Industry classification">Classification <br /> standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Production-based <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification">ANZSIC</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="International Standard Industrial Classification">ISIC</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_Classification_of_Economic_Activities_in_the_European_Community" title="Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community">NACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Industry_Classification_System" title="North American Industry Classification System">NAICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="Standard Industrial Classification">SIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Standard_Industrial_Classification_of_Economic_Activities" title="United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities">UKSIC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Market-based <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Industry_Classification_Standard" title="Global Industry Classification Standard">GICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Classification_Benchmark" title="Industry Classification Benchmark">ICB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Refinitiv_Business_Classification" title="The Refinitiv Business Classification">TRBC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Factors_of_production" title="Factors of production">Inputs</a> <br /> & <a href="/wiki/Output_(economics)" title="Output (economics)">outputs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">Pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">Well-being</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funding" title="Funding">Funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods" title="Goods">Goods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">Commodities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_good" title="Final good">Final</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_good" title="Intermediate good">Intermediate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_material" title="Raw material">Raw material</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">Innovation</a></li> <li>Primary inputs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Work_(human_activity)" title="Work (human activity)">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_capital" title="Physical capital">Physical capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">Organization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centralization" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralization">Centralization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">Conglomerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_integration" title="Horizontal integration">Horizontal integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">Mergers and acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopsony" title="Monopsony">Monopsony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">Vertical integration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">Enforced breakup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freelancer" title="Freelancer">Freelancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homesteading" title="Homesteading">Homesteading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">Outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putting-out_system" title="Putting-out system">Putting-out system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">Spinning-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_work" title="Temporary work">Temporary work</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">Ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">Joint-stock company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">Nonprofit organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnership" title="Partnership">Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_proprietorship" title="Sole proprietorship">Sole proprietorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned enterprise</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_(economics)" title="Category:Industry (economics)"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Industries" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Industries"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/40px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_industry" title="Outline of industry"><b>Outline</b></a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42889#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1211" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42889#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1211" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42889#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11975775b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11975775b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="乗物"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568681">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000055285&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007534145805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10641824">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/20px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_train.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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