CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "alumni.sph.harvard.edu",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e7486a21ecb8362',cH: 'kOOCm0Lp42EQmoQzEp2.0hFRDletXvP1LR4htA5rK6I-1732400210-1.2.1.1-TvyyQq.W8LL8x4aS4u0iWonOX04TF1oPWbT2YHupDZqTZDS4C9ipIrsRA6AGezr6',cUPMDTk: "\/?__cf_chl_tk=7eGR0fSQjtggOP7fGlquLBTDVzIAFlMs96KDy60K4R8-1732400210-1.0.1.1-tITAyEJxyIxFbW.mWnVRXBN5KUgRPP1X47akC3RRzJQ",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732400210',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/?__cf_chl_f_tk=7eGR0fSQjtggOP7fGlquLBTDVzIAFlMs96KDy60K4R8-1732400210-1.0.1.1-tITAyEJxyIxFbW.mWnVRXBN5KUgRPP1X47akC3RRzJQ",md: "_tV9KQrgLNkEi1Ucc25L07o2HHTfEcdHAXA_KiXJAy4-1732400210-1.2.1.1-ShBiBuIYLO0HmiqrNlvqkmE9j4BZQfn.0lmi2tWh74IZ4N03x5dWehteKnENPfCc1I5ejwOo5CyD3unq_KW_f10QJOi_qIYpaMXBAZj5Zq3UptR9B7tg2drYsmiyqPHCyKK7Aw1U8q9yEHwdjLYv3CavCJGzc8mPnKvK.PPZBfkmfTVSardT.StU5MDmF9PzkW3QX4Jd_6NwPjmrlfHNobEuyzQ4MBMuAcByhpcxdSjGfWvk9z1260faWHN9.Po3qJZwyAUFEoy44xo2QKTY1NSPQo0HEcAVKpzf3nxUDMpmtx.45nDZ1_XDAkNDfa8ySVKcdF7iiNi0QD8jElJpnG6kuAn.Ho9Rl0ELaD3UqrOkG.MEFaY_BTou8S80iQic6Jf4xTw8L22TwoHKwHSnslqv.L2j3f3o1dGcY.ovQAvxRUSAgZO1ZareOY.qmnDfqQeKEJbQPK9Fhhgv3nS50hQCwMbWcNa3hN6LUuTkOKPikXiYMHai9J3FCeuGRb.kRGdaSuhdMjWPVgPH9HyOUtPI.x0_KTnE5wboqFT1W2v3oGqkX.U6OzSpQ5Y6DAKkmiMM__gOUuTGuJpEsKA17aft1WALrVCAWn1FeHUATizhQ.xLBNusZ9bxv0oqGwkCUGupSaDeohUJCGccjirgJhc0mcAzKmNHtyRikv1EbSdPRIc4yqxmhOSEqqTcgi1y6fvjJS2MnKR8CBvQrG.bpp9jS71tJNC4j18fpxTBkF5WYffxSESMGvN4NxoZ9rcpEvNbXobjUJJRJX_32XmCElxQ3W6NYUD.7QjAi_wLpa09hhF5B3JRS2m_zmO1rrIn5vpdvYk4vTePUyMREnG2_MN1bpl0rVMqsK0EJiYFKOP_8_wTojIn23UaCWKvbPR5EeFereZyjBKmaH.Qm8X5IBNgqMrd2jhgk2iEAbCnei52w6L_ymYxa1EZ7gvt.pA3gTmVl8vEIwqBMt3DhOKgd5uhFd138dhDD3nxMZ43QpgQ1zDjx_GXXFz6Jt4uCAt2Kqla7WCNNY.T2OWMHYW24BA3kUYOeL3rwIJ8UKsznKXvtuovLJpGnZBSBfcadGlLeOuOTvj_5mX.TzBCp533t_D6Jskt.DYKPpJUqKeMYUeH36ltxyeunTqk684gTvFlFHue6dHoFS0ezb1WBjHYG6aMMRn0mTQoIklrHnD4IES0gpnig22T91UksUwlVQzMFEwSqRJlG5ekJAeWMgE8OLYST8me3w4L_hxV_euZpiSK8.wB8SCMeHQTNVvqp0CqjgV6K2YnO5yDDouY49vMdn8NyaAujI7a.qHxFeBtb.uDWvZduiXafLaqiPrgxJSBqqMce9X4jzUMQmOcWBJR1aqTzfsVw1mXBZnl5V0cXRdD95bAvu0v73hLegxsQ8JVAhy4Bo0vqKjP4KCFcu_oyISDfi3VH74GyK4wCuZfqaNC4TW0CLNgSjFoSS_BkU..AZ_qV.VmyYsPkZ4mog1x43ypdh7tN47ArlqrKHsfgCZ2JaYMjr1RbmQcXBmz1i5j7tQpCPIsfBAEiEJqjLhGjxDvb6LloZx.QtI_ZN6ct7ZXcEjJWwFUNDUhja49tlVX0DvP5WZjez_YF.GTMjbZnhVugvsTM44VQKllSKWIp6253glkVqBd7SV75RrPtT.9eZ1bZi1eR1P3olBQiCsASGlOG5CKm.Pk7GPQl.xcJxFgIuWKXqvz3kyoNegtgcoucpfwYBk5cGhL42eDPA9BxWcfDfP4KsrUXr9bN9GSSghc7L5V53YCdmOPe7X5FdXQA.e9QxMNCZ5MN9HA3vDjwfruT.ierkZ6Zo11ie8.b.T9DXfZakbjYJ.36uRFuAkuzEsNNHeyILCO70AjbTbhHQ3cyPM0LTwBYDxy5eISiT2vhHlwWuvgkReYVBt_23XdXGrmSakoDCMkFV0teoGNQMStcIQOoEIGLgClLkwKbBzMCod.JfQZfinC2tX90ZyWLY0n5hvK19DyRBH4htXN7xM5YMSQvJALUICEQK6ip8aEXg.ouY4GXBigJglinb_MS4_IhAXi4epoSj73MFKaTeNA8VOGQ0omnfxx3UFjoq3ncIDlgEdBl99Y.P_1NqsPDQ7_W3cw6KMfhq20k7FEWVTr3r_CveI5u8E4yFmcH35IyoQu3e1KQfaBWQlj7FADzV9u2Egz4XdMgiLf3ue2oMHkcKXs7sPGojT5fD.0JSlFWIW0dverEu.MZ1akgrRNJFD5wY_tr4j9foaluSsmKV_qY39YBdfCTCNERRuIOzUioIg7hkWMRF_PQZ8.ncyvDvIswfFnefScuiczZpoEqgjUP.eEicGK2mPMYnrz2Cns7cTU9KU24kt6bYj0LGtX5CSuqa1rf2oJtsfDZ8SLkmNCaQWQuiBixaJj.X9OUacdDN5W806yvo5HopyvxBU2L54A3Dk8qXoooUkXb8BkuuYbaMmJf9MFXGoXZDC_csckSZghi_wHnlPHtpJmXWt6zvD6P7jsCa2.3yS7cmu5_OexT04WREvc2cCn7vLECU9iakYpoXyqyiauad9i5TxYgtv48_.DSyppyiC_VP.hPdBmP_PV00pivSvkq1F9tT8LmdmvK3K1c.OTAJkkasQM_lkSHI27TlQWBrfZY6_0vBnWQXBq_mw1HV5L5RZk90d9OYpC2PF2JKEW5IofPtOmOGgvpiUrtg2ymobWo.G97.7Rw7a2UY9bRKNJAMqu3H2J4vFyvkd.x9mgGwkDl7nw29k4ne4esm097mjZlmseA8H_spraCf6zyllove3DL7xGiOpbdsSzwqZm.J2rAZ6ypVbbPLqJsDMcNxJAajIcdHoHCbCVfWwlfdg8JyhF55YXdhWgbK98d2qUyLD7riWP",mdrd: "oIP56UzfJqtNFxLGigpoVDWm0NKt8R7wNGT92cV_wa8-1732400210-1.2.1.1-CwpYaqWxuscAcPoZ4R5ujCtYht_.Qlq2zllFNxbdU36hNESLGFino9YLZyiXjcpIYGP9DDe3jrMHULdueQYq5uC79qSzlAmEHki9.WSM.chAtZMjDRQjwir_xDjUN0mdNh.xBqDHURGZQpA4c4_wSu9E.4PZi1tUQ3U3M9QfvXvRYAxqk3RhusDCi_I7pF5Ok_v2SQ4zpDtsdrU9Z1NKYbaXBrnw3p2QBOlVNmcvkHZFSnO_srxxHEMM1r3cWwOnoV9WV5aUqOrrKkOSBoJ_UafgCbIKjIcSVgg_iOESkek0S7rr.KnJxm60wh8hDGN3PaDLrXcTzBczXp7LO2zBRQsdCcce9GetUz34X9HHrdhzao1fAstOGzuR4_bNYALr9T25ozbk8NSMaDcMND2PnD3jQBm.lLuaTm2aYlVlMIvkRZUuvBAriLPcYmW7AMT2KLUm9pKN9AV8RtAA357RxsxVRLcmgyjv.r5604AAiXZwBRSYnDfs4MQXlRvWmW5eBLl2l8nKHMdVbHdipbYRqIRiWOhBd3uUifvs2jlITAs_B8h7w7..jLbh4MiEF8smrJNf6xB0C01n9Y4OqQwMzTN3Mh6p_G6pNgKyDmtcXM.f9d.MOFHow6HOF5KZivfYKdEOnPXEWyfI5jcDe_kDaXsJ_ch6f8edC8Y_wFjt9GxF_sDnH66f_fq_skjn0YcZsIsj3omS.OJ_Vmgi_za7aw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e7486a21ecb8362';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=7eGR0fSQjtggOP7fGlquLBTDVzIAFlMs96KDy60K4R8-1732400210-1.0.1.1-tITAyEJxyIxFbW.mWnVRXBN5KUgRPP1X47akC3RRzJQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>