CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91355bcfbec95620',cH: 'YD6J0VNDzsNcCaT0tWZYT886b4UI5m6V17QAiNHA2RM-1739790917-1.2.1.1-R1BImlLgHTYUswzRF6.24YzdgPkaH8Ql5Fdi4pUEigb1UbALNvfDTY7YmuUWZfzE',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/50282\/electronic-transparency-in-georgia-as-a-basis-for-development-of-electronic-governance?__cf_chl_tk=xqQBw73hxSXL7dDYjlOyv4PB9qcbe2qbhMWXC2igNMw-1739790917-1.0.1.1-iUG4TUzxmXorl5bwP_fgCFxCIoMvOZuF6RlYyclQSnE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739790917',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/50282\/electronic-transparency-in-georgia-as-a-basis-for-development-of-electronic-governance?__cf_chl_f_tk=xqQBw73hxSXL7dDYjlOyv4PB9qcbe2qbhMWXC2igNMw-1739790917-1.0.1.1-iUG4TUzxmXorl5bwP_fgCFxCIoMvOZuF6RlYyclQSnE",md: "VuXtgwvza1sb963ENfWlgr0rO3i_44r8H.4r835cXPc-1739790917-1.2.1.1-etyv._pKy8Z_y.e7GcY4oKR1.Ycp.GrOJJE1bclpXO.7fVmU1fdJCzM2luRKcxFe9WI3UDqTVjeEuzitGta9r18cPctM.JyJqH_WtNYVKbK62zAEVN9wxJ01DxNKWvSxzuAlP6VSEwU_YHxjQRKmpR2Unt8YWWwLL8wtWfku_KDNEcohls.66R5ycwOFUmQHQvcKGNyrAZ287h2xZYXLIS4Pvm1nEMckSlQbIWVxzxTmC3F1vGIUG.uRqUM4pR4yWumyWdo6cnHtmklDY7K52u.dyIXatw6Kc0rJd3r5Lat.BliAkzm7vp7FPW8q2iSsnyb_D6xsFi1YazN3k6ORbjvB_ziQF0EOjhURDg_dO1hZWNkLfpMCmU2CnXFd42sS957ec3YGxJxYplPMPXPW4ykvCTt4bSOSKzi3GVa8OrF3VrirD3HoOsyhJ8THTNryumMA38br8r_.p1QaI8mtavDQ.oYQrXSUUW6xcz16KN.ZlLLFpFToSq4S3dzcvCcCbZfOK2lB9RPIdlEXuFKfACBFwLzNKgrHPsp2IQuhEp8n6WHkqx1XCKpGVY.UDWorppwY4zaCx7lTf3shES.shx2g5phFTME2TGWKhAQd8BxwjPiGO2s4nPe.EgKW9otCRzvuZiPETZy78tNrisRe0FFFdsuDSB2iinEQp9iRKQGWY4F_TnZ1XOjHI.DeCfvDzERgMnWnEWonpkfKy9OP1Vc7_Amm5Ala.hpYhLS.5sRLiSVeNgBBcOmJ6uP2mvmMZKfTULlQbPHftiaRJbj9krJe0uIj1IznnfGODDto7PsaDUoEgIasWkm95bCeIHwvC4Ju7zAYmmtt3ndvR.FS9QWkb3wDNu7TC0se.yP9Q72LjpDXk8H6DOUNzHtfrlfAp0.E0qtpjITTKaKxXFxpKnsHjXCXJLNVRR2mTpuXM9pJiAwMSimAbD5VP7eWTKUCcb7ARd23HDKIqZ5DTWnx78ki6HPxK5MYzOeSuuZFbaGDz9gjXPcQ3qYa8ctdOWMg0XhUHXnnw7f3zY9yIbHIwfYg02JuErbv9DgGNl_Xr4SZndyJVncEafHINtC8qqK7JQhC5mzuyqwj3zlzx.cHWMqxy2uieZTsJIpvzyKi5.Nw8MGV34VBBC9Q3GOTjtssWijhoiYl0UeC1hNRCCqs_f.iQ2WffY3bZiJWAhSdXeMzVnj_tPaYzejBCK3o8OyCbseFMUfxc0kvXNtfBARkH3jgJ15E5H9_TsgZb3ESazVMS09ogeEzDuAfiyPg1xaC4wNTECPje9Blwc_q5KJbRo_7jZnrDR56lOn79D5SAALFCj0P9CiQfTC_HG5mTT2ULPwDmJsOqqS5iaUqN1tfKFiRzx5FYI2T5VeBJ6x1ZKo6DH4fl.1QdEVhmCoZoMXo91bUC0tr4r49IOGjotrp_UGjCsxruKLZGUnC1SM8ZHuOg3IC6gUwFNNvq04XsPimHHzXTYh0yL4GOQd.5K0x_XV0TA9FOnoYDJgFvv4IFtQHhqd6hemS3P4t4KSDB8CVqTgXpELdMmhtsufyLg7hqUpqlEzd4P3L8hRFcHCV7HO5jUg974a.qVFrzjZL6szLH_RmQzeC2AvmBm_07Donv9Jrb8nA9dqRcRGG2PYwsLUGaKiSnFN51zkNbRlb385C3iU8WspOr_RQjH73A25g453zrN.bJEsu.nL4tV8T2Tpm73Ey1QCtSBE4Wd3pf5KHbLGzRkaspcn1wU258..ZMuhBnsm0jvjBNrECV27OzF7ECBdEJ7hTngjGhHMBMVmqMQPP52SHDY7vJwdEfIzYU8zo_pg.o7t7f68dsaBk8.8GvJcSZGh9rj5OKhQYx9RfFm66SwuTtHdslYNvqUh2vGq3BeJX0kQGq_TvS2clepsC2IAV8FIs9EkiqeDsoJj4E7lD0KtpxU5Kl3VxQy6RGA0pUUQkM8ECVoJlZdjqn8ZipRlRwqaaKbJMf6RvH85kE0InyRLzO3aL9tQZVUlHNBbxn0SgIS5fI9H0A0CFIKyOkBGkV0FDAE2G.cGbMSURz1T1yaboZjP1PiIhqr2dCz3ygad.J9zedGKJh8UuEVykJV5k6C1gt26tLhOX5zXbehTftHXJBDvK8XUoJasKUA",mdrd: "_WTWaPAVIpm92OLRbmxMwx3VC6a_NZ0ZYSmKuZBQxbM-1739790917-1.2.1.1-E8Z995UMBqkpjwqcgcqhcndlKAWRwYtsmeaguSR.pCLMCr45WqsMvxCi4.xq9m1tk4N7OnhnZ6HvJdLaGpzKQ7O0Kb0zUKHiwTbJKSeFEMdL_LhHMus0mBg_dnNfveIGgaPAfIpMTvnxNBNaZUV_gi9Z7nj7k21oLFKW0JMax1GzUZMi77T6S92vfImbbj.Fu.p0UO2_RfpQ4LdjCxhQPGDuyrwyS9S930kqdlfAaWK._g5BEjAejIsrqPUhWex9EDc0_9EfOY2LO6Zuc6ZE5p7HPB3TVKX2jFDvuT0_oDCZWSLXKq8zEcnL8qTIwZ4ifFPB3lvzYVE479pwbFpYN8CNiPuNcnTbIL.oMRp6zXrvMO_Pyqew46e9nyCx0DRPoHyg5HzIxRqaCgDAa_B3C7NeMWXUy0oy87x696ZJwfshTHxmEA8yI2GNNAHdIJUc6LMjohwx7QTRF1EZvSEHOFK5RiwQmZOSp7v6UF_f7phhbIHPVZhYhEYh4a7..H6y2of5K_ULaEXRs3QUpw5eolCc9CmqICH13rNOFmTeXQb0b50RQCFGrMifKvHD3fTV2EK.ZpAavSGvA3LPFvFkEawW3tiHu3ZeLrAZ516GPXKO4zqW0VoyaBnThnnz0JEu1naLm0pcHRcN4FKozQPpL11LI05in7J_Bp.S3BCEdGHYzTaspxTlYdakaeU0DNbFHfo5Brl2Zj1qy_EUiRz1u.0JiAuXs0dkXeCYciWu6N1mshqAJAPWwW1P.sVHbKnXVhIO.Yrg5VtoW0kVe_N7czuaRB6LGtXATmpzjUKk0P4Px1g.ir.4xrFcKxNeN6qcQufh.HiHbZYs7LrXZDbhbo5rTRXlMjNvDvcXRnObtLY6_AVsBu9ExxAhiCK3WczbI5UnlCbSFbz2MVIrMWtAIsjyYdjOWxVTGPnQG.HUDj5TKhHE9VEyciP2gX92euRHQTPtzAH6R8LkgySayRLJMH3K46cN.Uc4eWw2SYJ303HcLddKeaoBUFvDEsRLbo2.PUWACX0xVPgX5iuRgt.7ndofR9bX6G.eGY7DxxHrMbiHlpuHP2Zb.f7R4I4kcBcUjehI.1YvThgYQf7aNhY6fdw58lNXU5U.awmKo4AgUEZwIYu67yi0B9W3G6.tu62u3MZWgGo16f3n1jjC_pdUgXZEe.wNbGftC2dukXLGogeXyv6peoTm2PO3rBeQTK38GWDxSsGoVGfJcT3EeJgWsBak2MgBRcXDpzO9110KfejuSt4onl4znq3xAvlVdh9k44BjMFZaUipoPinJxEyzB4g.vSbTd3S54NbyC8EfQRfM25LRuLEa.Fe_nScXDBVFwYmzJORscNhh4jBiLc9qwfLhAazVEHbBefFFRfAtJ.2tve1WVstkU3YMO1PFnq30_thbFVCW1Oy9HomCdbxB6PixRvP9x5228ZUf682O_YyUVR0hQQJdYnQZWEKfv1GvQee6iLQp4ScTrB0gBVH9V0_aVIMAK2qfMsLeRuoiEPY7bRkYzYIn5cOC4TbBf2TYBN4KY2WBP__xPhyLlHWb0McTyLHTMwp2NLkIvc7IRx1wiIbuMr5.X_bNckIh2GFWknVfBFwP0cwePm1M0gLWdX9G7PXQtYmnizdl7Bu_24pnI76qHOQu4ZMNAzcO.vhGOOW1mzPZsLlSKrkR3mDaV4kaFsQq.FQkAkCtnQ9NQmiI7qsTK7AMcmYOFAIUK6LxBtf8vVN5oK7DqStdtvybFHsfh8JWtDMXywxL6_gc94RMQurI3iiRx4..bzLzCkpVgqAcstGkQIz2bF5OaiXPZa7DXJw7xwqQhTgPZZKL0GrPZM92MIKrRqx2yNupiLrS1Ss341NcXg4fFU3toh.t0ilHqBysQIUuIArnzxCBabcRkrCgb_DMZwhxgcB_o9rIfPOtDCsW0OnbMRfKm8Bhc5mi2FcKN6msgOTLbcNdzYBMnNX0ZeUv7q068JBeZZVE"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91355bcfbec95620';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/50282\/electronic-transparency-in-georgia-as-a-basis-for-development-of-electronic-governance?__cf_chl_rt_tk=xqQBw73hxSXL7dDYjlOyv4PB9qcbe2qbhMWXC2igNMw-1739790917-1.0.1.1-iUG4TUzxmXorl5bwP_fgCFxCIoMvOZuF6RlYyclQSnE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>