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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Native vegetation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Native_vegetation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Native vegetation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Native_vegetation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>New Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arizona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arizona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Arizona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arizona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nevada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nevada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Nevada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nevada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History of agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern agriculture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_agriculture-sublist" class="cdx-button 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<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Agricultural practices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agricultural_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Environmental impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a></b> in the <b><a href="/wiki/Southwest_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest United States">Southwest United States</a></b> is very important economically in that region. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Watershed">Watershed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Watershed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The three main <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">watersheds</a> of the southwest United States are the Colorado River Basin, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a>, and the Rio Grande Basin. The Colorado River Basin includes parts of California, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> is the largest river in the Southwest United States. The Great Basin watershed includes parts of southern California, most of Utah, the northwest half of Nevada, and parts of <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>. The Rio Grande Basin includes most of New Mexico, some of western Texas, and a small portion of Colorado. </p><p>Almost all of Arizona drains into the Colorado River. Most of New Mexico drains into either the Rio Grande or the <a href="/wiki/Pecos_River" title="Pecos River">Pecos River</a>, its tributary. Other watersheds of New Mexico include the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_River" title="Canadian River">Canadian River</a> in the northeast, the <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_River_(Colorado_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan River (Colorado River)">San Juan</a> in the Northwest, and the <a href="/wiki/Gila_River" title="Gila River">Gila</a> (tributary of Colorado River) in the southwest.<sup id="cite_ref-watersheds_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watersheds-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Native_vegetation">Native vegetation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Native vegetation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Mexico">New Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New Mexico's mountain ranges support a wide variety of plant life. In the Rocky Mountains, the slopes have forests of <a href="/wiki/Douglas-fir" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas-fir">Douglas fir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinus_ponderosa" title="Pinus ponderosa">ponderosa pine</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspen_trees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspen trees (page does not exist)">aspen trees</a> at lower elevations. At higher elevations, the forests include <a href="/wiki/Engelmann_spruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Engelmann spruce">Engelmann spruce</a>, firs, Rocky Mountain white pine, and various aspens. Above the timberline of the mountains is <a href="/wiki/Alpine_tundra" title="Alpine tundra">alpine tundra</a>. Most other mountain ranges in New Mexico predominantly include ponderosa pine and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_firs" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas firs">Douglas firs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yucca" title="Yucca">yuccas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cactus" title="Cactus">cacti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Creosote_bush" class="mw-redirect" title="Creosote bush">creosote bushes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GeoNM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeoNM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arizona">Arizona</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arizona"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the mountain slopes of Arizona, there are forests of Ponderosa pine, firs, and other <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> trees. These trees, especially the Ponderosa pine, are the main source of Arizona's commercial timber. At lower elevations, the main natural trees are the pinyon, juniper, and <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GeoArizona_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeoArizona-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nevada">Nevada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nevada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nevada has vegetation similar to New Mexico and Arizona in many ways. Desert shrub <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a>, of which sagebrush makes a huge part, cover nearly 55 million acres of the land. About 14 percent (or 9.2 million acres) of Nevada lies in Pinyon-Juniper forests, and the mountainous regions are covered with coniferous or alpine trees, depending on the <a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">altitude</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_agriculture">History of agriculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History of agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_prehistoric_Southwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in the prehistoric Southwest">Agriculture in the prehistoric Southwest</a></div> <p>Native Americans have been in the Southwest United States for at least 12,000 years. Although the agricultural practices of ancient Native Americans is largely unknown in the area, it is known that agriculture was widespread by the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblos</a> by 100 BC at the latest. The Pueblos relied heavily on hunting and fishing for sustenance at first, only growing <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>. They stored their food in pits, and lived in either caves or huts made out of wooden poles and <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>. </p><p>Around 500 CE, the Pueblos began growing <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a> and domesticated the <a href="/wiki/Turkey_(bird)" title="Turkey (bird)">turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">duck</a>. It was around this time that agriculture became as important a part of survival as hunting and fishing, because they had a slightly more diverse agricultural diet. Once agriculture became more prevalent and useful, the Pueblos began to group together in larger numbers, forming groups of many connected houses, with basements full of stored food. </p><p>Between 1000 and 1500 CE, Native American agriculture expanded greatly. Around this time, the <a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo people">Navajos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apaches</a> became the largest population in the area. They began to grow <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melon" title="Melon">melons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (plant)">squash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a> in addition to corn, beans, and pumpkins. </p><p>The Native Americans in the Southwest used the most advanced agricultural techniques available at the time. They frequently employed the use of irrigation, <a href="/wiki/Crop_rotation" title="Crop rotation">crop rotation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Windbreak" title="Windbreak">windbreaks</a> to maximize their crop yield. These techniques were presumably borrowed from the people of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> in the south. When the Spaniards arrived in North America in the 1500s, they brought <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">bananas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow">cows</a>. All of these were incorporated into the diet of many Native American tribes of the Southwest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_agriculture">Modern agriculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20230522_Colorado_River_water_usage_-_livestock_crops_etc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/20230522_Colorado_River_water_usage_-_livestock_crops_etc.svg/220px-20230522_Colorado_River_water_usage_-_livestock_crops_etc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/20230522_Colorado_River_water_usage_-_livestock_crops_etc.svg/330px-20230522_Colorado_River_water_usage_-_livestock_crops_etc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/20230522_Colorado_River_water_usage_-_livestock_crops_etc.svg/440px-20230522_Colorado_River_water_usage_-_livestock_crops_etc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Most of the Colorado River basin water used by humans is used to grow feed for livestock—more than four times the amount used for crops for direct human consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_20230522_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_20230522-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Today, agriculture is vastly different from before Europeans came to the Americas. Because the Southwest United States is so dry and hot and the <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a> is inadequate compared to places like the Great Plains in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, much of the Southwest is used for <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a> <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>. In fact, almost 60 percent of the land in Nevada is used for livestock grazing, and at least 35 percent in New Mexico and Arizona.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, Nevada has the smallest amount of land used for crop production, while New Mexico has the most. </p><p>Although there is a small amount of land that is specified as being dedicated to the growing of crops in the Southwest, crop production does play a large part in their economy. First of all, much of the land designated as cattle grazing land is also used to grow <a href="/wiki/Alfalfa" title="Alfalfa">alfalfa hay</a>. This is used to feed livestock, so cattle and sheep farmers tend to grow it to feed their animals, and sell it when they are in excess. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Livestock">Livestock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Livestock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In New Mexico, as in Arizona and Nevada, livestock is the principal economic generator in their agricultural industry. In 2007, the state produced over $3.0 billion worth of cattle and sheep. Of that, $1.3 billion was from the dairy industry, while $951 million was from the <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a> industry. That year, there were 1.5 million cattle and 130,000 sheep in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-AGNM_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGNM-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arizona's livestock industry comprises over one third of its $2.4 billion annual industry.<sup id="cite_ref-ClimateAZ_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClimateAZ-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevada's main agricultural output is also beef, followed by hay and <a href="/wiki/Dairy" title="Dairy">dairy</a> products.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crops">Crops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Crops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the cropland in the Southwest United States is used to grow <a href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</a>. This is mainly because there are better places in the United States to grow soil-intensive crops, such as the Great Plains and much of California. In New Mexico, 1.55 million tons of hay were grown in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-AGNM_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGNM-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nevada, over 90 percent of the cropland is used to grow hay.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alfalfa hay is also the number one crop of Arizona. In 2008, Arizona's hay crop sold for $288 million.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other than hay, the southwestern states do produce a good amount of crops which grow well in warm climates. Arizona's crops, excluding hay, make about $1.9 billion per year. Cotton, <a href="/wiki/Lettuce" title="Lettuce">lettuce</a>, and wheat are the largest contributors in terms of money, but they also produce a significant amount of <a href="/wiki/Potatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Potatoes">potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemons" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemons">lemons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tangerines" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangerines">tangerines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cantaloupes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantaloupes">cantaloupes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ClimateAZ_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClimateAZ-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 49,000 dry tons of chili peppers were grown in New Mexico in 2007, 35 million pounds of peanuts were grown, and 63,000 acres were used for onion production. New Mexico is also a significant producer of pinto beans and grapes.<sup id="cite_ref-AGNM_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGNM-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Nevada uses 90 percent of its cropland to grow hay, it is not a major contributor to other crops. Nevada does grow potatoes, wheat, barley, and onions, as the rest of the southwest states do. They also grow mint and garlic. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Extension" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Extension">Arizona Extension</a> recommends <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tree_crop_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tree crop (disambiguation)">tree crops</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Arizona" title="Geography of Arizona">Low Desert</a> region,<sup id="cite_ref-Az-Ext-fruit-nut_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Az-Ext-fruit-nut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including a few which have been tested and proven viable: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cultivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple cultivar">Apples</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anna_(apple)" title="Anna (apple)">Anna</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_Hills_(apple)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beverly Hills (apple) (page does not exist)">Beverly Hills</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_shemer_(apple)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ein shemer (apple) (page does not exist)">Ein shemer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golden_Dorsett_(apple)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golden Dorsett (apple) (page does not exist)">Golden Dorsett</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_(apple)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon (apple) (page does not exist)">Gordon</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apricot_cultivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Apricot cultivar">Apricot</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katy_(apricot)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katy (apricot) (page does not exist)">Katy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patterson_(apricot)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patterson (apricot) (page does not exist)">Patterson</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fig_cultivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fig cultivar">Fig</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Mission_(fig)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Mission (fig) (page does not exist)">Black Mission</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_Turkey_(fig)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brown Turkey (fig) (page does not exist)">Brown Turkey</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Conadria_(fig)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Conadria (fig) (page does not exist)">White Conadria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Kadota_(fig)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Kadota (fig) (page does not exist)">White Kadota</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peach_cultivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Peach cultivar">Peaches</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonanza_Miniature_(peach)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonanza Miniature (peach) (page does not exist)">Bonanza Miniature</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Babcock_(peach)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babcock (peach) (page does not exist)">Babcock</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desert_Gold_(peach)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desert Gold (peach) (page does not exist)">Desert Gold</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desert_Red_(peach)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desert Red (peach) (page does not exist)">Desert Red</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Earligrande_(peach)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earligrande (peach) (page does not exist)">Earligrande</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flordaprince_(peach)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flordaprince (peach) (page does not exist)">Flordaprince</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropic_Beauty_(peach)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropic Beauty (peach) (page does not exist)">Tropic Beauty</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropic_Snow_(peach)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropic Snow (peach) (page does not exist)">Tropic Snow</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropic_Sweet_(peach)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropic Sweet (peach) (page does not exist)">Tropic Sweet</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plum_cultivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Plum cultivar">Plums</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_Gold_(plum)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gulf Gold (plum) (page does not exist)">Gulf Gold</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_Ruby_(plum)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gulf Ruby (plum) (page does not exist)">Gulf Ruby</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Rosa_(plum)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Rosa (plum) (page does not exist)">Santa Rosa</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond_cultivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Almond cultivar">Almonds</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=All-in-One_(almond)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="All-in-One (almond) (page does not exist)">All-in-One</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garden_Prince_Genetic_Dwarf_(almond)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garden Prince Genetic Dwarf (almond) (page does not exist)">Garden Prince Genetic Dwarf</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_cultivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Pecan cultivar">Pecans</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neplus_Ultra_(pecan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neplus Ultra (pecan) (page does not exist)">Neplus Ultra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheyenne_(pecan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheyenne (pecan) (page does not exist)">Cheyenne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choctaw_(pecan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choctaw (pecan) (page does not exist)">Choctaw</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comanche_(pecan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comanche (pecan) (page does not exist)">Comanche</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sioux_(pecan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sioux (pecan) (page does not exist)">Sioux</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Schley_(pecan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Schley (pecan) (page does not exist)">Western Schley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wichita_(pecan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wichita (pecan) (page does not exist)">Wichita</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grape_cultivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape cultivar">Grapes</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(grape)" title="Cardinal (grape)">Cardinal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exotic_(grape)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exotic (grape) (page does not exist)">Exotic</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fantasy_(grape)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fantasy (grape) (page does not exist)">Fantasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flame_seedless_(grape)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flame seedless (grape)">Flame seedless</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlette_(grape)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlette (grape) (page does not exist)">Perlette</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby_seedless_(grape)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruby seedless (grape) (page does not exist)">Ruby seedless</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thompson_seedless_(grape)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thompson seedless (grape) (page does not exist)">Thompson seedless</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackberry_cultivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackberry cultivar">Blackberries</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brazos_(blackberry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brazos (blackberry) (page does not exist)">Brazos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosborough_(blackberry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosborough (blackberry) (page does not exist)">Rosborough</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_cultivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Strawberry cultivar">Strawberries</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camerosa_(strawberry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camerosa (strawberry) (page does not exist)">Camerosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandler_(strawberry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandler (strawberry)">Chandler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_(strawberry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sequoia (strawberry)">Sequoia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tioga_(strawberry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tioga (strawberry) (page does not exist)">Tioga</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agricultural_practices">Agricultural practices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Agricultural practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Southwest employs the heaviest irrigation of any region, since the region is hot and dry, and the soil is generally not as conducive to plant growth as other areas of the country. Despite this, the Southwestern United States suffers from water shortages and droughts despite the already employed irrigation systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_impact">Environmental impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environmental impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It has been estimated that livestock, namely cattle, make up about 16 percent of human-caused carbon dioxide emissions. Also, although cropland takes up a small portion of land, irrigation for crops accounts for 80 percent of water consumption in the Southwest. A lot of this water is coming from the Colorado River, which is already almost completely used up by the time the water reaches Mexico. About half of irrigation water comes from groundwater in the Southwest, and this is also being used much faster than it is being replenished.<sup id="cite_ref-ClimateAZ_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClimateAZ-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If climate change raises the temperatures in the Southwest, then this will increase the amount of water that evaporates from the soil, plants, and bodies of water. Since the 1970s more water has been evaporated from reservoirs than is used by humans.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-watersheds-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-watersheds_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110921083102/http://maps.howstuffworks.com/united-states-watersheds-map.htm">"HowStuffWorks "Maps of United States Watersheds"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.howstuffworks.com/united-states-watersheds-map.htm">the original</a> on 2011-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Arizona+Cooperative+Extension&rft.atitle=Deciduous+Fruit+and+Nuts+for+the+Low+Desert&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft.au=Maurer%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fextension.arizona.edu%2Fpubs%2Fdeciduous-fruit-nuts-low-desert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+the+Southwestern+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091215041713/http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/more-water-evaporates-from-reservoirs-than-is-consumed-by-humans">"More water evaporates from reservoirs than is consumed by humans - Maps and Graphics at UNEP/GRID-Arendal"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/more-water-evaporates-from-reservoirs-than-is-consumed-by-humans">the original</a> on 2009-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=More+water+evaporates+from+reservoirs+than+is+consumed+by+humans+-+Maps+and+Graphics+at+UNEP%2FGRID-Arendal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.grida.no%2Fgo%2Fgraphic%2Fmore-water-evaporates-from-reservoirs-than-is-consumed-by-humans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+the+Southwestern+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i0372e/i0372e08a.pdf">Development of Dryland Farming in Various Regions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425081001/https://portal.sciencesocieties.org/Downloads/pdf/B40714.pdf">Dryland Agriculture-Second Edition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABN914.pdf">Improving the Sustainability of Dryland Farming Systems: A Global Perspective</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/Schlenker_Hanemann.pdf">The Impact of Global Warming on US Agriculture: An Econometric Analysis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southwestfarmpress.com/moisture-management-becomes-critical-southwest-agriculture">Moisture Management becomes critical for Southwest agriculture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108173533/http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/southwest.html">Native Peoples of North America: Agricultural Societies in Pre-European Times: Southwestern US and Northwestern Mexico</a></li> <li>Enduring Seeds: Native American Agriculture and Wild Plant Conservation (Gary Nabhan)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jswconline.org/content/51/4/280.extract">Sustainable Agriculture in the Southwest United States and its relationship to landscape planning</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southwestfarmpress.com/grains/american-agriculture-answering-call-energy-independence">American Agriculture answering the call for energy independence</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/agriculture/ag101/cropmajor.html">Major Crops Grown in the US</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motherearthnews.com/Organic-Gardening/Best-Southwest-Region-Garden-Crops.aspx">Top Crops: Southwest</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geochange.er.usgs.gov/sw/changes/anthropogenic/cropland/">Land Use Trends in the Southwestern US</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Agriculture_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="History of agriculture in the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rural_American_history" title="Rural American history">Rural American history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_history_of_agriculture_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American history of agriculture in the United States">African-American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_land_loss_in_the_United_States" title="Black land loss in the United States">Black land loss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Hawaiian_aquaculture" title="Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture">Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_drives_in_the_United_States" title="Cattle drives in the United States">Cattle drives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Agricultural_Complex" title="Eastern Agricultural Complex">Eastern Agricultural Complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_food_regulation_in_the_United_States" title="Early history of food regulation in the United States">Early history of food regulation in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude_in_British_America" title="Indentured servitude in British America">Indentured servitude in British America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude_in_Virginia" title="Indentured servitude in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude_in_Pennsylvania" title="Indentured servitude in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_plants_native_to_the_Americas" title="List of food plants native to the Americas">List of food plants native to the Americas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_agriculture_in_Virginia" title="Native American agriculture in Virginia">Native American in Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_agriculture_on_the_Great_Plains" title="Prehistoric agriculture on the Great Plains">Prehistoric agriculture on the Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_agriculture_in_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Prehistoric agriculture in the Southwestern United States">Prehistoric agriculture in the Southwestern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_wine" title="History of American wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_war" title="Range war">Range war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_wars" title="Sheep wars">Sheep wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery among Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">Colonial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IHC_corn_picker,_Story_County,_Iowa,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/100px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/150px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg/200px-IHC_corn_picker%2C_Story_County%2C_Iowa%2C_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1363" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_production_in_the_United_States" title="Banana production in the United States">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekeeping_in_the_United_States" title="Beekeeping in the United States">Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackcurrant_production_in_the_United_States" title="Blackcurrant production in the United States">Blackcurrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis in the United States">Cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_in_the_United_States" title="Hemp in the United States">Hemp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_production_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry production in the United States">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree_production_in_the_United_States" title="Christmas tree production in the United States">Christmas tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_production_in_the_United_States" title="Corn production in the United States">Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_production_in_the_United_States" title="Cotton production in the United States">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cider_in_the_United_States" title="Cider in the United States">Cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Dairy industry in the United States">Dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hop_production_in_the_United_States" title="Hop production in the United States">Hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming_in_the_United_States" title="Poultry farming in the United States">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_production_in_the_United_States" title="Rice production in the United States">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinach_in_the_United_States" title="Spinach in the United States">Spinach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_the_United_States" title="Sugar industry of the United States">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_the_United_States" title="Tea production in the United States">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Tobacco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_shade_tobacco" title="Connecticut shade tobacco">Connecticut shade tobacco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_production_in_the_United_States" title="Wheat production in the United States">Wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_wine" title="American wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State, commonwealth,<br /> or territory-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Alabama">Alabama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_wine" title="Alabama wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Alaska" title="Agriculture in Alaska">Alaska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Alaska" title="Aquaculture in Alaska">aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Alaska" title="Cannabis in Alaska">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_wine" title="Alaska wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arizona <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_wine" title="Arizona wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Arizona" title="Cannabis in Arizona">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arkansas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice_cultivation_in_Arkansas" title="Rice cultivation in Arkansas">rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_wine" title="Arkansas wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almonds_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Almonds in California">almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_California" title="Cannabis in California">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnuts_in_California" title="Walnuts in California">walnuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Colorado">Colorado</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_wine" title="Colorado wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Colorado" title="Cannabis in Colorado">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Connecticut" title="Agriculture in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Connecticut" title="Cannabis in Connecticut">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_wine" title="Connecticut wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Delaware <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Delaware" title="Cannabis in Delaware">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_wine" title="Delaware wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Florida" title="Agriculture in Florida">Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_wine" title="Florida wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_production_in_Florida" title="Tomato production in Florida">tomato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_production_in_Florida" title="Mango production in Florida">mango</a></li></ul></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)_wine" title="Georgia (U.S. state) wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Hawaii" title="Agriculture in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Hawaii" title="Coffee production in Hawaii">coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_Hawaii" title="Sugar plantations in Hawaii">sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_wine" title="Hawaii wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_in_Hawaii" title="Genetically modified food in Hawaii">genetically modified food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Idaho" title="Agriculture in Idaho">Idaho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_wine" title="Idaho wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Illinois <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Illinois" title="Cannabis in Illinois">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_wine" title="Illinois wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Indiana">Indiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_wine" title="Indiana wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Iowa">Iowa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_wine" title="Iowa wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kansas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_wine" title="Kansas wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Kentucky" title="Agriculture in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_wine" title="Kentucky wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_wine" title="Louisiana wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Maine" title="Aquaculture in Maine">aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maine" title="Cannabis in Maine">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_wine" title="Maine wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Maryland" title="Agriculture in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maryland" title="Cannabis in Maryland">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_wine" title="Maryland wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Massachusetts" title="Cannabis in Massachusetts">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_wine" title="Massachusetts wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Michigan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Michigan" title="Cannabis in Michigan">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_production_in_Michigan" title="Cherry production in Michigan">cherries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_wine" title="Michigan wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Minnesota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_wine" title="Minnesota wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mississippi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_wine" title="Mississippi wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Missouri <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Missouri" title="Cannabis in Missouri">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_wine" title="Missouri wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Montana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Montana" title="Cannabis in Montana">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_wine" title="Montana wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nebraska <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_wine" title="Nebraska wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nevada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Nevada" title="Cannabis in Nevada">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_wine" title="Nevada wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Hampshire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_wine" title="New Hampshire wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Jersey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Jersey" title="Cannabis in New Jersey">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_wine" title="New Jersey wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_York" title="Agriculture in New York">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_York" title="Cannabis in New York">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_wine" title="New York wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Mexico" title="Cannabis in New Mexico">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_wine" title="New Mexico wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_wine" title="North Carolina wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>North Dakota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_wine" title="North Dakota wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ohio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_wine" title="Ohio wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oklahoma <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_wine" title="Oklahoma wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oregon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_wine" title="Oregon wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Oregon" title="Cannabis in Oregon">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pennsylvania" title="Agriculture in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_wine" title="Pennsylvania wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Agriculture in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Cannabis in Puerto Rico">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Coffee production in Puerto Rico">coffee</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rhode Island <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Rhode_Island" title="Cannabis in Rhode Island">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_wine" title="Rhode Island wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Carolina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_wine" title="South Carolina wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Dakota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_wine" title="South Dakota wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tennessee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_wine" title="Tennessee wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Utah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utah_wine" title="Utah wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vermont <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Vermont" title="Cannabis in Vermont">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_wine" title="Vermont wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Virginia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Virginia" title="Cannabis in Virginia">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_wine" title="Virginia wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Virgin Islands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Cannabis in the United States Virgin Islands">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Washington <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_apples" title="Washington apples">apples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Washington_(state)" title="Cannabis in Washington (state)">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_wine" title="Washington wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>West Virginia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_wine" title="West Virginia wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wisconsin" title="Agriculture in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_dairy_industry" title="Wisconsin dairy industry">dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_wine" title="Wisconsin wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Wyoming <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_wine" title="Wyoming wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Guam <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Guam" title="Cannabis in Guam">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Northern Mariana Islands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Cannabis in the Northern Mariana Islands">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Texas" title="Agriculture in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_rice_production" title="Texas rice production">rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_wine" title="Texas wine">wine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Southwestern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dirt_Region" title="Black Dirt Region">Black Dirt Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Belt" title="Corn Belt">Corn Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Belt" title="Cotton Belt">Cotton Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_Belt" title="Fruit Belt">Fruit Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Belt" title="Rice Belt">Rice Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_oyster_industry" title="Pacific Northwest oyster industry">Pacific Northwest oyster industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government <br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Agricultural_Statistics_Service" title="National Agricultural Statistics Service">National Agricultural Statistics Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_of_Agriculture" title="United States Census of Agriculture">United States Census of Agriculture</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law and<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Agricultural policy of the United States">Agricultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Trade_Development_and_Assistance_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954">Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_Risk_Protection_Act_of_2000" title="Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000">Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Agricultural_Labor_Relations_Act_of_1975" title="California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975">California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capper%E2%80%93Volstead_Act" title="Capper–Volstead Act">Capper–Volstead Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Act_for_Responsible_Employment" title="Children's Act for Responsible Employment">Children's Act for Responsible Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_farm_bill" title="United States farm bill">Farm bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Security_Act_of_1985" title="Food Security Act of 1985">Food Security Act of 1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food,_Agriculture,_Conservation,_and_Trade_Act_of_1990" title="Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990">Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Agriculture_Improvement_and_Reform_Act_of_1996" title="Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996">Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_Futures_Act" title="Grain Futures Act">Grain Futures Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packers_and_Stockyards_Act" title="Packers and Stockyards Act">Packers and Stockyards Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Food_and_Drug_Act" title="Pure Food and Drug Act">Pure Food and Drug Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Grazing_Act_of_1934" title="Taylor Grazing Act of 1934">Taylor Grazing Act of 1934</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and<br /> environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_United_States_agricultural_workers" title="Mental health in United States agricultural workers">Agricultural workers mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change and agriculture in the United States">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_suicides_in_the_United_States" title="Farmers' suicides in the United States">Farmer suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_in_the_United_States" title="Genetically modified food in the United States">Genetically modified food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogallala_Aquifer" title="Ogallala Aquifer">Ogallala Aquifer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adulterated_food_in_the_United_States" title="Adulterated food in the United States">Adulterated food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_nut_crimes" title="California nut crimes">California nut crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_raiding" title="Cattle raiding">Cattle raiding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farmworkers_in_the_United_States" title="Farmworkers in the United States">Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bracero_Program" title="Bracero Program">Bracero Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_leasing" title="Convict leasing">Convict leasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Labor_Organizing_Committee" title="Farm Labor Organizing Committee">Farm Labor Organizing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-2A_visa" title="H-2A visa">H-2A visa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blooming_Onion" title="Operation Blooming Onion">Operation Blooming Onion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Farm_Workers" title="United Farm Workers">United Farm Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Food_and_Commercial_Workers" title="United Food and Commercial Workers">United Food and Commercial Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Land_Army_of_America" title="Woman's Land Army of America">Woman's Land Army of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_maze" title="Corn maze">Corn maze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">Ranch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">Cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dude_ranch" class="mw-redirect" title="Dude ranch">Dude ranch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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