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-0</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_Planum&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulcan Planum">Vulcan Planum</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Major plain on Charon</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Vulcan Planitia</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Charon-Neutral-Bright-Release-Annotated.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Charon-Neutral-Bright-Release-Annotated.svg/220px-Charon-Neutral-Bright-Release-Annotated.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Charon-Neutral-Bright-Release-Annotated.svg/330px-Charon-Neutral-Bright-Release-Annotated.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Charon-Neutral-Bright-Release-Annotated.svg/440px-Charon-Neutral-Bright-Release-Annotated.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1577" data-file-height="1577" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An annotated map of <a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a>, with Vulcan Planitia in the southern hemisphere.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Feature type</th><td class="infobox-data">Plain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vulcan_Planitia&params=0_N_0_W_globe:charon_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°N</span> <span class="longitude">0°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0°N -0°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0; -0</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">~400 000 km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discoverer</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vulcan Planitia</b>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <b>Vulcan Planum</b>, is the unofficial name given to a large plain on the southern hemisphere of <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>'s moon <a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a>. It discovered by <i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i> during its flyby of Pluto in July 2015. It is named after the fictional planet <a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(Star_Trek_planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulcan (Star Trek planet)">Vulcan</a> in the science-fiction series <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i>. The name is not approved by <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> (IAU) as of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_Planitia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_Planitia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vulcan Planitia occupies much of the southern hemisphere of Charon's encounter hemisphere, the side facing the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i> spacecraft at closest approach. Its extent is not completely known, but it occupies at least 400,000 km<sup>2</sup> (150,000 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Beyer2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beyer2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vulcan Planitia is separated from <a href="/wiki/Oz_Terra" title="Oz Terra">Oz Terra</a> to the north by a series of tectonic <a href="/wiki/Escarpment" title="Escarpment">scarps</a> that rise several kilometers high, including <a href="/wiki/Serenity_Chasma" title="Serenity Chasma">Serenity Chasma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandjet_Chasma" title="Mandjet Chasma">Mandjet Chasma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NewMapAGU_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewMapAGU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vulcan Planitia's southern boundary, in contrast, is poorly-constrained; the plains extend well into Charon's anti-encounter hemisphere where imagery is of poorer resolution and it becomes difficult to distinguish the plains from tectonized terrain like Oz Terra.<sup id="cite_ref-BeyerLPI2020_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeyerLPI2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the east, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argo_Chasma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argo Chasma (page does not exist)">Argo Chasma</a> resembles the bounding scarps that line the border between Vulcan Planitia and Oz Terra, though this identification remains uncertain. To the west, an arcuate trench appears to separate Vulcan Planitia from more highlands.<sup id="cite_ref-SchenkICS2018_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchenkICS2018-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within Vulcan Planitia itself, several isolated "moated" mountains rise above the surrounding plains, surrounded by depressions. These mountains are located in the eastern plains, rising roughly 2–6 km high. The most prominent of these include <a href="/wiki/Kubrick_Mons" title="Kubrick Mons">Kubrick Mons</a>, standing 2.5–3 km above the surrounding plains and 3.7–4 km above its surrounding moat; and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarke_Mons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarke Mons (page does not exist)">Clarke Mons</a>, which rises to a similar height. A large irregularly-shaped unnamed depression roughly 55 km wide and 4.5 km deep sits to the far northeastern corner of Vulcan Planitia, surrounded by rough terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-SchenkICS2018_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchenkICS2018-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of seven depressions and moated mountains are located within Vulcan Planitia.<sup id="cite_ref-Robbins_etal_2019_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robbins_etal_2019-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_named_features_within_Vulcan_Planitia">List of named features within Vulcan Planitia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_Planitia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of named features within Vulcan Planitia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_Charon" title="List of geological features on Charon">List of geological features on Charon</a></div> <p>The features included in this table lie within Vulcan Planitia. The more significant craters have been named after characters from <i>Star Trek</i>, while two mountains have been named after science-fiction authors and directors. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Feature</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Named After</th> <th>Mythos </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarke_Mons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarke Mons (page does not exist)">Clarke Mons</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">Mountain</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a></td> <td>Science-fiction author </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kubrick_Mons" title="Kubrick Mons">Kubrick Mons</a></td> <td>Mountain</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a></td> <td>Science-fiction author </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirk_(crater)" title="Kirk (crater)">Kirk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">Crater</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_T._Kirk" title="James T. Kirk">James T. Kirk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek"><i>Star Trek</i> series</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nemo_(crater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nemo (crater) (page does not exist)">Nemo</a></td> <td>Crater</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_Nemo" title="Captain Nemo">Captain Nemo</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadko_(crater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadko (crater) (page does not exist)">Sadko</a></td> <td>Crater</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sadko" title="Sadko">Sadko</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bylina" title="Bylina">Bylina</a></i> epic </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spock_(crater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spock (crater) (page does not exist)">Spock</a></td> <td>Crater</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spock" title="Spock">Spock</a></td> <td><i>Star Trek</i> series </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulu_(crater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulu (crater) (page does not exist)">Sulu</a></td> <td>Crater</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Sulu" title="Hikaru Sulu">Hikaru Sulu</a></td> <td><i>Star Trek</i> series </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uhura_(crater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uhura (crater) (page does not exist)">Uhara</a></td> <td>Crater</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nyota_Uhura" title="Nyota Uhura">Nyota Uhura</a></td> <td><i>Star Trek</i> series </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_Planitia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vulcan Planitia is dominated by three major terrains. Smooth rolling plains occupy most of Vulcan Planitia, hosting scattered pits, troughs, fractures, and several isolated mountains. To the south, a mottled terrain with rough bumps approximately hundreds of meters in scale dominate, often blending in with the rolling plains. To the far northeast, a region of rough terrain dominated by large ridges and blocks surrounds a deep depression. In contrast to Oz Terra, Vulcan Planitia is overall geologically homogenous and less cratered, displaying no major tectonic disruptions and few large impact craters. It lies roughly 1 km below the mean elevation of Oz Terra, but 2–2.5 km below the tops of Oz Terra's crustal blocks. These traits suggest that Vulcan Planitia is younger than Oz Terra, representing a large <a href="/wiki/Cryovolcano" title="Cryovolcano">cryovolcanically</a> resurfaced plain.<sup id="cite_ref-Robbins_etal_2019_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robbins_etal_2019-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SchenkICS2018_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchenkICS2018-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, Vulcan Planitia is still ancient; the density of cratering, which supersedes most cryovolcanic and tectonic features in the region, indicates that Vulcan Planitia is at least 4 billion years old.<sup id="cite_ref-SingerAAS2020_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SingerAAS2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_Planitia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CLNjzEpWgAEpPwJ.jpg:large">"Global map of Charon"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Geologic Landforms and Chronostratigraphic History of Charon as Revealed by a Hemispheric Geologic Map". <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets</i>. <b>124</b> (1): 155–174. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019JGRE..124..155R">2019JGRE..124..155R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2018JE005684">10.1029/2018JE005684</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:134425302">134425302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%3A+Planets&rft.atitle=Geologic+Landforms+and+Chronostratigraphic+History+of+Charon+as+Revealed+by+a+Hemispheric+Geologic+Map&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=155-174&rft.date=2019-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A134425302%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2018JE005684&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019JGRE..124..155R&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Stuart+J.&rft.au=Beyer%2C+Ross+A.&rft.au=Spencer%2C+John+R.&rft.au=Grundy%2C+William+M.&rft.au=White%2C+Oliver+L.&rft.au=Singer%2C+Kelsi+N.&rft.au=Moore%2C+Jeffrey+M.&rft.au=Dalle+Ore%2C+Cristina+M.&rft.au=McKinnon%2C+William+B.&rft.au=Lisse%2C+Carey+M.&rft.au=Runyon%2C+Kirby&rft.au=Beddingfield%2C+Chloe+B.&rft.au=Schenk%2C+Paul&rft.au=Umurhan%2C+Orkan+M.&rft.au=Cruikshank%2C+Dale+P.&rft.au=Lauer%2C+Tod+R.&rft.au=Bray%2C+Veronica+J.&rft.au=Binzel%2C+Richard+P.&rft.au=Buie%2C+Marc+W.&rft.au=Buratti%2C+Bonnie+J.&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Andrew+F.&rft.au=Linscott%2C+Ivan+R.&rft.au=Reuter%2C+Dennis+C.&rft.au=Showalter%2C+Mark+R.&rft.au=Young%2C+Leslie+A.&rft.au=Olkin%2C+Catherine+B.&rft.au=Ennico%2C+Kimberly+S.&rft.au=Weaver%2C+Harold+A.&rft.au=Stern%2C+S.+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVulcan+Planitia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SingerAAS2020-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SingerAAS2020_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingerGreenstreetSchenk2020" class="citation conference cs1">Singer, K. N.; Greenstreet, S.; Schenk, P.; et al. (October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.pubpub.org/e87va0wt/f2c3fea5-b872-49d8-b8d3-4c17ee31624a.pdf"><i>Impactor Populations and Terrain Age Estimates from Craters on Pluto and Charon</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. AAS Division of Planetary Science meeting #52. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020DPS....5210502S">2020DPS....5210502S</a>. 105.02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Impactor+Populations+and+Terrain+Age+Estimates+from+Craters+on+Pluto+and+Charon&rft.date=2020-10&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020DPS....5210502S&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=K.+N.&rft.au=Greenstreet%2C+S.&rft.au=Schenk%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.pubpub.org%2Fe87va0wt%2Ff2c3fea5-b872-49d8-b8d3-4c17ee31624a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVulcan+Planitia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Charon_(moon)" title="Template:Charon (moon)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Charon_(moon)" title="Template talk:Charon (moon)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Charon_(moon)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Charon (moon)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Charon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Charon" title="Geology of Charon">Geology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_Charon" title="List of geological features on Charon">features</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallifrey_Macula" title="Gallifrey Macula">Gallifrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordor_Macula" title="Mordor Macula">Mordor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oz_Terra" title="Oz Terra">Oz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vulcan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kubrick_Mons" title="Kubrick Mons">Kubrick Mons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Chasms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caleuche_Chasma" title="Caleuche Chasma">Caleuche Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandjet_Chasma" title="Mandjet Chasma">Mandjet Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostromo_Chasma" title="Nostromo Chasma">Nostromo Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenity_Chasma" title="Serenity Chasma">Serenity Chasma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Craters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_(Charonian_crater)" title="Dorothy (Charonian crater)">Dorothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_(crater)" title="Kirk (crater)">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasreddin_(crater)" title="Nasreddin (crater)">Nasreddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organa_(crater)" title="Organa (crater)">Organa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirx_(crater)" title="Pirx (crater)">Pirx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripley_(crater)" title="Ripley (crater)">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vader_(crater)" title="Vader (crater)">Vader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charon"><img alt="Charon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/90px-Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/135px-Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/180px-Charon_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Discovery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Christy" class="mw-redirect" title="James Christy">James Christy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Observatory_Flagstaff_Station" title="United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station">NOFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_planet" title="Double planet">Double planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">Moons of Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian object</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon" title="Charon">In mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_in_fiction#Charon" title="Pluto in fiction">In fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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