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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">David North</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:David_North.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/David_North.jpg/260px-David_North.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/David_North.jpg/390px-David_North.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/David_North.jpg/520px-David_North.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1884" data-file-height="1812" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />August 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">National Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kishore" title="Joseph Kishore">Joseph Kishore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1950 (age 73–74)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Trotskyism" title="Category:Trotskyism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.7em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Fourth_International.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of the Fourth International"><img alt="Logo of the Fourth International" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Logo_of_the_Fourth_International.svg/80px-Logo_of_the_Fourth_International.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Logo_of_the_Fourth_International.svg/120px-Logo_of_the_Fourth_International.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Logo_of_the_Fourth_International.svg/160px-Logo_of_the_Fourth_International.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="919" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Stalinist_left" title="Anti-Stalinist left">Anti-Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucratic_collectivism" title="Bureaucratic collectivism">Bureaucratic collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-class_alliance" title="Cross-class alliance">Cross-class alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deformed_workers%27_state" title="Deformed workers' state">Deformed workers' state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degenerated_workers%27_state" title="Degenerated workers' state">Degenerated workers' state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entryism" title="Entryism">Entryism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_revolution" title="Permanent revolution">Permanent revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_revolution_(Trotskyism)" title="Political revolution (Trotskyism)">Political revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_revolution" title="Social revolution">Social revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">Soviet democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substitutionism" title="Substitutionism">Substitutionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_demand" title="Transitional demand">Transitional demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uneven_and_combined_development" title="Uneven and combined development">Uneven and combined development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_democracy" title="Union democracy">Union democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front" title="United front">United front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguard party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_communism" title="World communism">World communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_revolution" title="World revolution">World revolution</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Branches</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Trotskyism" title="Orthodox Trotskyism">Orthodox Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_camp" title="Third camp">Third camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_Posadist#Theories" title="Fourth International Posadist">Posadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabloism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pabloism">Pabloism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Abern" title="Martin Abern">Martin Abern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Tariq Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Antonov-Ovseenko" title="Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko">Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bensa%C3%AFd" title="Daniel Bensaïd">Daniel Bensaïd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Blanco_(politician)" title="Hugo Blanco (politician)">Hugo Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Callinicos" title="Alex Callinicos">Alex Callinicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Cannon" title="James P. Cannon">James P. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Deutscher" title="Isaac Deutscher">Isaac Deutscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dowson" title="Ross Dowson">Ross Dowson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Draper" title="Hal Draper">Hal Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Duxiu" title="Chen Duxiu">Chen Duxiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Cliff" title="Tony Cliff">Tony Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Frank" title="Pierre Frank">Pierre Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Grant" title="Ted Grant">Ted Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Hallas" title="Duncan Hallas">Duncan Hallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hansen_(socialist)" title="Joseph Hansen (socialist)">Joseph Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Healy" title="Gerry Healy">Gerry Healy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">C. L. R. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Khan" title="Lal Khan">Lal Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lambert" title="Pierre Lambert">Pierre Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livio_Maitan" title="Livio Maitan">Livio Maitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Mandel" title="Ernest Mandel">Ernest Mandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahuel_Moreno" title="Nahuel Moreno">Nahuel Moreno</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Novack" title="George Novack">George Novack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Pablo" title="Michel Pablo">Michel Pablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Posadas" title="J. Posadas">J. Posadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeni_Preobrazhensky" title="Yevgeni Preobrazhensky">Yevgeni Preobrazhensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Sedov" title="Lev Sedov">Lev Sedov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Shachtman" title="Max Shachtman">Max Shachtman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Smirnov_(politician)" title="Ivan Smirnov (politician)">Ivan Smirnov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%A1_Thu_Th%C3%A2u" title="Tạ Thu Thâu">Tạ Thu Thâu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Taaffe" title="Peter Taaffe">Peter Taaffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Woods_(political_theorist)" title="Alan Woods (political theorist)">Alan Woods</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Theoretical works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1908)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_and_Communism" title="Terrorism and Communism">Terrorism and Communism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trotsky%27s_military_writings" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotsky's military writings">Trotsky's military writings</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923-1925)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Literature_and_Revolution" title="Literature and Revolution">Literature and Revolution</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Course_(Trotsky_book)" title="New Course (Trotsky book)">New Course</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lessons_of_October" title="Lessons of October">Lessons of October</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Towards_Socialism_or_Capitalism%3F" title="Towards Socialism or Capitalism?">Towards Socialism or Capitalism?</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky_on_China" title="Leon Trotsky on China">Leon Trotsky on China</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Revolution" title="History of the Russian Revolution">History of the Russian Revolution</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Revolution,_1931-1939_(Trotsky_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spanish Revolution, 1931-1939 (Trotsky book)">The Spanish Revolution, 1931-1939</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931-1939)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Struggle_Against_Fascism_in_Germany" title="The Struggle Against Fascism in Germany">The Struggle Against Fascism in Germany</a></i><span style="font-size:85%;">(1931-40)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_Betrayed" title="The Revolution Betrayed">The Revolution Betrayed</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1936)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Their_Morals_and_Ours:_The_class_foundations_of_moral_practice" title="Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice">Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_Agony_of_Capitalism_and_the_Tasks_of_the_Fourth_International" title="The Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International">Transitional Program</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Defence_of_Marxism_(book)" title="In Defence of Marxism (book)">In Defence of Marxism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1942)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thesis_of_Pulacayo" title="Thesis of Pulacayo">Thesis of Pulacayo</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1946)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stalinist_Legacy" title="The Stalinist Legacy">The Stalinist Legacy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1984)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dilemmas_of_Lenin" title="The Dilemmas of Lenin">The Dilemmas of Lenin</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin%27s_rise_to_power" title="Joseph Stalin's rise to power">Joseph Stalin's rise to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Declaration_of_46" title="The Declaration of 46">The Declaration of 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Opposition" title="Left Opposition">Left Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenin%27s_Testament" title="Lenin's Testament">Lenin's Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_Vietnam" title="Trotskyism in Vietnam">Trotskyism in Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_of_Soviet_Oppositions" title="Bloc of Soviet Oppositions">Bloc of Soviet Oppositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Turn" title="French Turn">French Turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_general_strike_of_1934" title="Minneapolis general strike of 1934">Minneapolis general strike of 1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_trials" title="Moscow trials">Moscow trials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Military_Policy" title="Proletarian Military 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href="/wiki/Internationalist_Workers%27_Left_(Greece)" title="Internationalist Workers' Left (Greece)">Internationalist Workers' Left (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutte_Ouvri%C3%A8re" title="Lutte Ouvrière">Lutte Ouvrière</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisation_of_Communist_Internationalists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisation of Communist Internationalists (page does not exist)">Organisation of Communist Internationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit" title="People Before Profit">People Before Profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(Hong_Kong)" title="Socialist Action (Hong Kong)">Socialist Action (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(Australia)" title="Socialist Alternative (Australia)">Socialist Alternative (Australia)</a></li> <li><a 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Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Revolutionary_Party_(UK)" title="Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)">Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Historical</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolshevik%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_India,_Ceylon_and_Burma" title="Bolshevik–Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma">Bolshevik–Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_League_of_America" title="Communist League of America">Communist League of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Marxist_Group" title="International Marxist Group">International Marxist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Organization" title="International Socialist Organization">International Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_for_Socialist_Action_(Canada)" title="League for Socialist Action (Canada)">League for Socialist Action (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party_(UK,_1944)" title="Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1944)">Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Appeal_(UK,_1992)" title="Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)">Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party (U.S.)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Socialist_Alliance" title="Young Socialist Alliance">Young Socialist Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Workers Party of the United States">Workers Party of the United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: 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title="International Socialist Alternative">International Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Tendency" title="International Socialist Tendency">International Socialist Tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers_League_%E2%80%93_Fourth_International" title="International Workers League – Fourth International">International Workers' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalist_Communist_Union" title="Internationalist Communist Union">Internationalist Communist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_for_the_Fourth_International" title="League for the Fourth International">League for the Fourth International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_International" title="Revolutionary Communist International">Revolutionary Communist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyist_Fraction_%E2%80%93_Fourth_International" title="Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International">Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Historical</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_a_Workers%27_International_(1974)" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for a Workers' International (1974)">Committee for a Workers' International</a> (1974–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International" title="Fourth International">Fourth International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_Posadist" title="Fourth International Posadist">Fourth International Posadist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Revolution_(group)" title="Permanent Revolution (group)">Permanent Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Workers_Ferment" title="Revolutionary Workers Ferment">Revolutionary Workers Ferment</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trotskyism" title="Template:Trotskyism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trotskyism" title="Template talk:Trotskyism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trotskyism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trotskyism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>David North</b> (born in 1950)<sup id="cite_ref-nd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an American <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a>, who has been active in the international <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyist</a> movement since 1971. He is currently the National Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party in the United States</a> (SEP),<sup id="cite_ref-saccarelli20172_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saccarelli20172-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formerly the Workers League. He served as the National Secretary of the SEP until the party's congress in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North is the chairman of the International Editorial Board of the <a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Web_Site" title="World Socialist Web Site">World Socialist Web Site</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wakabayashi2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakabayashi2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the publication of the International Committee of the Fourth International. The author of several books and articles on the history of the Socialist movement, North lectures in politics<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the history of <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both in the United States and internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his professional career, he was also CEO of the Metro Detroit-based Grand River Printing and Imaging Inc., winning the "Best Places to Work" award from Crain's Detroit Business magazine in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_History">Political History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Political History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>David North was a student of the history department at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_(Connecticut)" title="Trinity College (Connecticut)">Trinity College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, North interned with the Democratic Senator <a href="/wiki/Vance_Hartke" title="Vance Hartke">Vance Hartke</a>, who was known for his left-wing opposition to the Vietnam War.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>After this internship, North's disillusionment with the Democratic Party turned him to the works of <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North joined the Trotskyist Workers League in 1971. He was asked to join the staff of the <i>Bulletin</i>, the publication of the Workers League, in January 1972. In May 1972, North wrote “Where Wallace Really Stands,” a detailed exposure of the racist Alabama governor who was seeking the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, North was elected to the political committee of the Workers League. He emerged as a central leader of the Workers League in the aftermath of the removal of Tim Wohlforth from the post of national secretary because of the latter’s serious violations of the Workers League’s security.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North was elected to the post of national secretary in January 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, North covered and participated actively in numerous labor strikes, most notably the 1973-1974 unionization drive of miners in Harlan County,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 1974 and 1977-78 national coal miners’ strike, the PATCO strike of 1981,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/1983_Arizona_copper_mine_strike" title="1983 Arizona copper mine strike">1983-1986 Phelps Dodge miners strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jorge O’Leary, the leader of the Phelps Dodge miners struggle, stated in a 2021 interview: </p><blockquote><p>“The <i>Bulletin</i>, through Dave North, gave us a lot of information for our benefit. Not for the benefit of the governor or the company. He was honest, and we trust him… his political views are different from mine, but essentially we are for the working class.”<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phelps_Dodge_-_1983_-_Lalo_Marquez,_Jorge_O%27Leary,_David_North,_Ron_May_colorized.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jorge O'Leary (second from left) with David North (second from right), as well as Ron May (right), a leader of the PATCO strike." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Phelps_Dodge_-_1983_-_Lalo_Marquez%2C_Jorge_O%27Leary%2C_David_North%2C_Ron_May_colorized.jpg/298px-Phelps_Dodge_-_1983_-_Lalo_Marquez%2C_Jorge_O%27Leary%2C_David_North%2C_Ron_May_colorized.jpg" decoding="async" width="298" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Phelps_Dodge_-_1983_-_Lalo_Marquez%2C_Jorge_O%27Leary%2C_David_North%2C_Ron_May_colorized.jpg/447px-Phelps_Dodge_-_1983_-_Lalo_Marquez%2C_Jorge_O%27Leary%2C_David_North%2C_Ron_May_colorized.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Phelps_Dodge_-_1983_-_Lalo_Marquez%2C_Jorge_O%27Leary%2C_David_North%2C_Ron_May_colorized.jpg/596px-Phelps_Dodge_-_1983_-_Lalo_Marquez%2C_Jorge_O%27Leary%2C_David_North%2C_Ron_May_colorized.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4704" data-file-height="3277" /></a><figcaption>Lalo Marquez (left), Jorge O'Leary (second from left) with David North (second from right), as well as Ron May (right), a leader of the PATCO strike, taken during the 1983 Arizona copper mine strike.</figcaption></figure></blockquote><p>North helped lead the investigation initiated by the International Committee into the circumstances surrounding the assassination of Leon Trotsky in 1940 and the extensive infiltration of the Fourth International by agents of both the Soviet secret police and the US FBI.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North is the author of many of the articles on the findings of the investigation, published under the title <i>Security and the Fourth International</i>. In 1975, North located and photographed <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zborowski" title="Mark Zborowski">Mark Zbrowski</a>, former agent of <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>, who acted as a mole within the Trotskyist movement, as part of the investigation. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Zbrowski,_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Mark_Zbrowski%2C_1975.jpg/220px-Mark_Zbrowski%2C_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Mark_Zbrowski%2C_1975.jpg/330px-Mark_Zbrowski%2C_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Mark_Zbrowski%2C_1975.jpg/440px-Mark_Zbrowski%2C_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Mark Zborowski, aka "Etienne", former NKVD agent implicated in assassinations of Trotskyists in the 1930s, attempted to prevent David North from taking this photo in August 1975 in San Francisco. </figcaption></figure> <p>In 1982, North informed the <a href="/wiki/Workers_Revolutionary_Party_(UK)" title="Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)">Workers Revolutionary Party</a> (WRP), the British section of the ICFI and close collaborator of the Workers League, of his differences with the theoretical methods and politics of the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WRP leadership rejected North's criticisms and opposed a broader discussion of them in the ICFI. North expanded upon his criticisms of the WRP in February 1984, but the WRP again opposed their distribution. </p><p>North's 1982 and 1984 documents were distributed throughout the ICFI and to the WRP membership during the crisis that erupted in the WRP in August 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While a majority of the ICFI accepted North's criticisms, as well as a section of the WRP membership, the WRP rejected the political authority of the ICFI over its national organization and broke from the International Committee in February 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1986 North co-authored an analysis of the split, “How the Workers Revolutionary Party Betrayed Trotskyism,” with Keerthi Balasuriya, the national secretary of the Sri Lankan section of the ICFI. In 1986-87 North wrote <i>The Heritage We Defend</i>, which placed the split with the WRP in the context of the history of the Fourth International, and, in particular, the Trotskyist movement’s opposition to opportunism.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North opposed the restoration of capitalism in the Soviet Union<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and called on the Trotskyist movement to “answer the lie that Stalinism is Marxism… by exposing the far-reaching political significance of the crimes that Stalinism carried out.”<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988, North argued that the rapid globalization of the world economy was “shattering the entire national state system and, with it, any possibility for the progressive development of the working class within the framework of a national policy.”<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, North called for the national sections of the ICFI to transform themselves from leagues into parties, anticipating a “new and protracted era of international capitalist disequilibrium.”<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North also led discussions in 1997 to transition from a written newspaper to the web-based World Socialist Web Site, which was launched on February 14, 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the founding congress of the Socialist Equality Party (US), held in August 2008, North was elected as the national chairman of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, in a review of the century-long history of the Trotskyist movement, North argued that the Fourth International anticipated the development of a “revolutionary struggle of the working class [that] will develop as an interconnected and unified world movement.”<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ICFI, he stated, would “counterpose to the capitalist politics of imperialist war the class-based strategy of world socialist revolution.” In January 2020, he co-authored a statement with SEP (US) national secretary Joseph Kishore that argued that the 2020’s would be a “decade of intensifying class struggle and world socialist revolution.”<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_History">Personal History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North was born in 1950 in New York to refugees from Nazi Germany. His maternal grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Ignatz_Waghalter" title="Ignatz Waghalter">Ignatz Waghalter</a>, was a noted Polish-German composer and principal conductor at the <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Opernhaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsches Opernhaus">Deutsches Opernhaus</a> (now known as the Deutsche Oper) between 1912 and 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fleeing Europe in 1937, Waghalter, after arriving in the United States, founded the American Negro Orchestra, the first classical orchestra of African-American musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the United States Department of Justice rejected a (FOIA) <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a> request by North, writing, "The nature of your request implicates records that the FBI may or may not compile pursuant to its national security and foreign intelligence functions. Accordingly, the FBI cannot confirm or deny the existence of any records about your subject as the mere acknowledgment of such records [sic] existence or nonexistence would in and of itself trigger harm to national security interests."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marxism">Marxism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marxism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North has defended the view that Trotsky represented a Marxist alternative to <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a>, and therefore states that the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">collapse of the USSR</a> does not mean that Marxism is a failed project.<sup id="cite_ref-thorpe_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thorpe-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Summarizing these views as described in North's book <i>The Unfinished Twentieth Century</i>, sociologist Charles Thorpe writes that North "makes a powerful case that, to paraphrase <a href="/wiki/Faulkner" class="mw-redirect" title="Faulkner">Faulkner</a>, these debates and experiences are not dead; they're not even past".<sup id="cite_ref-thorpe_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thorpe-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North has argued that contrary to modern academic traditions, Marxism is not defined by academics, but instead by Marxist organizations and Marxist struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-saccarelli20172_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saccarelli20172-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He writes that this tradition is represented above all by the Trotskyist opposition to Stalinism and its contemporary continuity in the Socialist Equality Party.<sup id="cite_ref-saccarelli20172_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saccarelli20172-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Censorship">Censorship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Censorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, North alleged in an open letter that changes to Google's ranking system and search engine (their project known as Project Owl) demoted left-wing outlets such as the WSWS, which describes itself as an "online newspaper of the international Trotskyist movement".<sup id="cite_ref-wakabayashi2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakabayashi2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Google would not comment to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> about the WSWS.<sup id="cite_ref-wakabayashi2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakabayashi2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contacted by the same source, North said: "I’m against censorship in any form. It’s up to people what they want to read."<sup id="cite_ref-wakabayashi2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wakabayashi2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Speaking about the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a>, North told <i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i> that <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> "embodies a cross between all the criminal and immoral features and machinations of the real estate, finance, gambling and entertainment industries".<sup id="cite_ref-nd_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interviewed by journalist <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Chris Hedges</a> in 2018, North stated that while middle class groups promoted <a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">identity politics</a> as a response to social tensions and poverty, American workers were not racist and "have a deep belief in democratic rights".<sup id="cite_ref-hedges050218_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hedges050218-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North stated that the 20th century problems of war and <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> remained real threats in the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-hedges050218_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hedges050218-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="“Quarter_Century_of_War”"><span id=".E2.80.9CQuarter_Century_of_War.E2.80.9D"></span>“Quarter Century of War”</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: “Quarter Century of War”"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North has opposed every US military intervention during his career, writing in his 2016 book, <i>A Quarter Century of War</i>, “The last quarter century of US-instigated wars must be studied as a chain of interconnected events. The strategic logic of the US drive for global hegemony extends beyond the neocolonial operations in the Middle East and Africa. The ongoing regional wars are component elements of the rapidly escalating confrontation of the United States with Russia and China.”<sup id="cite_ref-quarter-century-war_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quarter-century-war-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North argued that the United States’ “ongoing struggle for world hegemony, which lies at the heart of the conflict with Russia and China, is bringing to the forefront latent and potentially explosive tension between the United States and its present-day imperialist allies, including – to name the most significant potential adversary – Germany.”<sup id="cite_ref-quarter-century-war_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quarter-century-war-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North has also written that a “new and powerful mass international movement, based on a socialist program, and strategically guided by the principles of revolutionary class struggle,” is the only way “war is to be stopped and a global catastrophe averted.”<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postmodernism_and_the_“pseudo-left”"><span id="Postmodernism_and_the_.E2.80.9Cpseudo-left.E2.80.9D"></span>Postmodernism and the “pseudo-left”</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Postmodernism and the “pseudo-left”"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> North is critical of the influence of the ideas of Postmodernism and the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a> on culture and political thought. In his 2015 book, The Frankfurt School, Postmodernism and the Politics of the Pseudo-Left, North writes,<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>“during the past decade, the connection has become much clearer between the reactionary pseudo-left politics of the middle class and the theories of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a>, Brzozowski, Sorel, De Man, the Frankfurt School and the many forms of extreme philosophical subjectivism and irrationalism propagated by postmodernists (<a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a>, Laclau, Badiou et al.). Pseudo-left politics – centered on race, nationality, ethnicity, gender, and sexual preference – has come to play a critical role in suppressing opposition to capitalism, by rejecting class as the essential social category and emphasizing instead personal ‘identity’ and ‘lifestyle,’ and by legitimizing imperialist interventions and wars in the name of ‘human rights.’”<sup id="cite_ref-NorthFFSchool_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NorthFFSchool-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissolution_of_the_USSR">Dissolution of the USSR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dissolution of the USSR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As early as 1987, David North argued that the policies of <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> were leading to the restoration of capitalism. North stated that Gorbachev “did not represent the repudiation of Stalinism, but arises inexorably out of the putrefaction of the bureaucracy, which is preparing actively to renounce and reject those social conquests of the October Revolution—the establishment of state ownership and the monopoly of foreign trade—which it had previously not dared to attack<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>." </p><p>North published <i>Perestroika Versus Socialism</i> in 1989, according to him, to "explain the significance of <i><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">glasnost</a></i> from the standpoint of the fundamental conflict between the Stalinist bureaucracy and the Soviet working class<sup id="cite_ref-PerestroikaVersusSocialism_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PerestroikaVersusSocialism-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>." North further elaborated his position writing, "In direct contrast to the overwhelming mass of literature now being produced on the situation in the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>, this book maintains that the policies of <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a> signify neither a break with Stalinism nor a new flowering of Soviet democracy. Rather, it contends that the present regime represents, in the most basic sense, the culmination of the Stalinist reaction against the revolutionary heritage of <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October 1917</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PerestroikaVersusSocialism_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PerestroikaVersusSocialism-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>" </p><p>In November 1989, David North traveled to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, where he delivered a speech at the Moscow Historical Archival Institute, in which he argued that the policies of <i>glasnost</i> and <i>perestroika</i> being pursued by the Soviet government meant “capitalist restoration and a horrifying decline in the cultural and social level of the Soviet Union. The only alternative is international revolution<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia_and_Ukraine">Russia and Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Russia and Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In an article co-authored by North in 2014, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>'s regime in Russia is characterized as follows: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Leading a regime that rests on an utterly corrupt elite—which has deposited a substantial portion of its ill-gotten riches in US and European banks—Putin relies on the reactionary mechanisms of military maneuvers and Great Russian chauvinism.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> North anticipated in his writings, such as a co-authored article titled "US imperialism, Ukraine and the danger of World War III" after the ouster of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> government, that the developments in Ukraine would lead to war.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North further explained his position in 2022, writing, "The Putin regime is the reactionary resurrection of a bourgeois state that emerged out of the 1991 dissolution of the USSR. But the opposition of the International Committee to this regime, including its invasion of Ukraine, is from the socialist left, not the imperialist right."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North characterized the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> as "politically bankrupt and reactionary", but he also maintained, "The outbreak of war in Ukraine has long been foreseen. The relentless <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">expansion of NATO</a> in the aftermath of the dissolution of the Soviet Union has always been directed toward war with Russia."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (August 2022)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNorth1988" class="citation book cs1">North, David (1988). <i>The heritage we defend: A contribution to the history of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_International" title="Fourth International">Fourth International</a></i>. Detroit, Mich: Labor Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929087-00-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-929087-00-3"><bdi>0-929087-00-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+heritage+we+defend%3A+A+contribution+to+the+history+of+the+Fourth+International&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Mich&rft.pub=Labor+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-929087-00-3&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/en/IML/heritage/heritage_full.html">Preface</a> via <a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Web_Site" title="World Socialist Web Site">World Socialist Web Site</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth1989" class="citation book cs1">North, David (1989). <i><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a> versus socialism: Stalinism and the restoration of capitalism in the USSR</i>. Detroit, Mich: Labor Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929087-39-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-929087-39-9"><bdi>0-929087-39-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21203230">21203230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perestroika+versus+socialism%3A+Stalinism+and+the+restoration+of+capitalism+in+the+USSR&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Mich&rft.pub=Labor+Publications&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21203230&rft.isbn=0-929087-39-9&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth1991" class="citation book cs1">North, David (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Healy" title="Gerry Healy">Gerry Healy</a> and his place in the history of the Fourth International</i>. Detroit: Labor Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-58-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-58-0"><bdi>978-0-929087-58-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gerry+Healy+and+his+place+in+the+history+of+the+Fourth+International&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pub=Labor+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-929087-58-0&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2004" class="citation book cs1">North, David (2004). <i>The crisis of American democracy: The presidential elections of 2000 and 2004</i>. Oak Park, Mich. Bankstown, NSW: <a href="/wiki/Mehring_Books" title="Mehring Books">Mehring Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875639-36-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-875639-36-5"><bdi>1-875639-36-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+crisis+of+American+democracy%3A+The+presidential+elections+of+2000+and+2004&rft.place=Oak+Park%2C+Mich.+Bankstown%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Mehring+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-875639-36-5&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2007" class="citation book cs1">North, David (2007). <i>Marxism, history & socialist consciousness</i>. Oak Park, Mich: Mehring Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-03-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-03-7"><bdi>978-1-893638-03-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marxism%2C+history+%26+socialist+consciousness&rft.place=Oak+Park%2C+Mich&rft.pub=Mehring+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-893638-03-7&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2007" class="citation book cs1">North, David (2007). <i>Leon Trotsky & the Post-Soviet school of historical falsification</i>. Oak Park, MI: Mehring Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-02-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-02-0"><bdi>978-1-893638-02-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leon+Trotsky+%26+the+Post-Soviet+school+of+historical+falsification&rft.place=Oak+Park%2C+MI&rft.pub=Mehring+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-893638-02-0&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2010" class="citation book cs1">North, David (2010). <i>In defense of Leon Trotsky</i>. Oak Park, Michigan: Mehring Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-05-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-05-1"><bdi>978-1-893638-05-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+defense+of+Leon+Trotsky&rft.place=Oak+Park%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Mehring+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-893638-05-1&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>The Russian Revolution and the Unfinished 20th Century</i> (2014) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-40-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-40-2">978-1-893638-40-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2015" class="citation book cs1">North, David (2015). <i>The Frankfurt School, Postmodernism and the Politics of the Pseudo-Left: AMarxist Critique</i>. Oak Park, Michigan: Mehring Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-50-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-50-1"><bdi>978-1-893638-50-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Frankfurt+School%2C+Postmodernism+and+the+Politics+of+the+Pseudo-Left%3A+AMarxist+Critique&rft.place=Oak+Park%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Mehring+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-893638-50-1&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2016" class="citation book cs1">North, David (2016). <i>A Quarter Century of War: The US Drive for Global <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">Hegemony</a> 1990-2016</i>. Oak Park, Michigan: Mehring Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-69-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-69-3"><bdi>978-1-893638-69-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Quarter+Century+of+War%3A+The+US+Drive+for+Global+Hegemony+1990-2016&rft.place=Oak+Park%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Mehring+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-893638-69-3&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2021" class="citation book cs1">North, David (2021). <i>The New York Times' 1619 Project and the racialist falsification of history: Essays and interviews</i>. Oak Park, Michigan: Mehring Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-93-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-93-8"><bdi>978-1-893638-93-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times%27+1619+Project+and+the+racialist+falsification+of+history%3A+Essays+and+interviews&rft.place=Oak+Park%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Mehring+Books&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-893638-93-8&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2023" class="citation book cs1">North, David (2023). <i>Leon Trotsky and the Struggle for Socialism in the Twenty-First Century</i>. Oak Park, Michigan: Mehring Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-959-124-02-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-959-124-02-3"><bdi>978-1-959-124-02-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leon+Trotsky+and+the+Struggle+for+Socialism+in+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.place=Oak+Park%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Mehring+Books&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-959-124-02-3&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2024" class="citation book cs1">North, David (2024). <i>The Logic of Zionism: From nationalist myth to the Gaza genocide</i>. Oak Park, Michigan: Mehring Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-959124-08-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-959124-08-5"><bdi>978-1-959124-08-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Logic+of+Zionism%3A+From+nationalist+myth+to+the+Gaza+genocide&rft.place=Oak+Park%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Mehring+Books&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-959124-08-5&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lectures_and_other_pamphlets">Lectures and other pamphlets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lectures and other pamphlets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The USSR And Socialism: The Trotskyist Perspective</i> (1989) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929087-45-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-929087-45-3">0-929087-45-3</a></li> <li><i>Ten Years After The Split in the Workers Revolutionary Party: The WRP's Commemoration Of Healy's Expulsion</i> (1995) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-873045-02-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-873045-02-6">1-873045-02-6</a></li> <li><i>In Defense of the Russian Revolution: A Reply to the Post-Soviet School of Historical Falsification</i> (1995) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-72-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-72-6">978-0-929087-72-6</a></li> <li><i>Socialism, Historical Truth and the Crisis of Political Thought in the United States (1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-73-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-73-3">978-0-929087-73-3</a></i></li> <li><i>Workers League and the Founding of the Socialist Equality Party</i> (1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-74-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-74-0">978-0-929087-74-0</a></li> <li><i>Equality, the Rights of Man and the Birth of Socialism</i> (1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-873045-32-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-873045-32-8">1-873045-32-8</a></li> <li><i>Anti-Semitism, Fascism and the Holocaust: A critical review of Daniel Goldhagen's "Hitler's Willing Executioners"</i> (1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-75-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-75-7">978-0-929087-75-7</a></li> <li><i>A Tribute to Tom Henehan: 1951 to 1977</i> (1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-78-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-78-8">978-0-929087-78-8</a></li> <li><i>Ernest Mandel 1923–1995: A Critical Assessment of His Role in the History of the Fourth International</i> (1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875639-14-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-875639-14-4">1-875639-14-4</a></li> <li><i>Marxism and the Trade Unions</i> (1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875639-29-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-875639-29-2">1-875639-29-2</a></li> <li><i>Leon Trotsky and Fate of Socialism in 20th Century: A Reply to Professor Eric Hobsbawm</i> (1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875639-22-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-875639-22-5">1-875639-22-5</a></li> <li><i>Reform and Revolution in the Epoch of Imperialism</i> (1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875639-28-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-875639-28-4">1-875639-28-4</a></li> <li><i>After the Slaughter: Political Lessons of the Balkan War</i> (1999) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875639-35-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-875639-35-7">1-875639-35-7</a></li> <li><i>A Tribute to Vadim Rogovin</i> (1999) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-50-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929087-50-4">978-0-929087-50-4</a></li> <li><i>The Economic Crisis & the Return of History</i> (2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-14-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-14-3">978-1-893638-14-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nd-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nd_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nd_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVesper2018" class="citation news cs1">Vesper, Karlen (January 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/1074971.sozialismus-socialism-is-coming-back.html">"Socialism is coming back"</a>. Neues Deutschland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Socialism+is+coming+back&rft.date=2018-01-02&rft.aulast=Vesper&rft.aufirst=Karlen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nd-aktuell.de%2Fartikel%2F1074971.sozialismus-socialism-is-coming-back.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-saccarelli20172-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-saccarelli20172_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-saccarelli20172_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-saccarelli20172_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaccarelli2017" class="citation journal cs1">Saccarelli, Emanuele (2017). "Book review: The Frankfurt School, Postmodernism and the Politics of the Pseudo-Left: A Marxist Critique by David North". <i>Critical Sociology</i>. <b>43</b> (4–5): 799–802. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0896920517699161">10.1177/0896920517699161</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151862205">151862205</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Sociology&rft.atitle=Book+review%3A+The+Frankfurt+School%2C+Postmodernism+and+the+Politics+of+the+Pseudo-Left%3A+A+Marxist+Critique+by+David+North&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4%E2%80%935&rft.pages=799-802&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0896920517699161&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151862205%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Saccarelli&rft.aufirst=Emanuele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/sep2008/cong-s19.shtml">Socialist Equality Party holds founding Congress</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wakabayashi2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wakabayashi2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wakabayashi2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wakabayashi2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wakabayashi2_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWakabayashi2017" class="citation news cs1">Wakabayashi, Daisuke (September 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/26/technology/google-search-bias-claims.html">"As Google Fights Fake News, Voices on the Margins Raise Alarm"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=As+Google+Fights+Fake+News%2C+Voices+on+the+Margins+Raise+Alarm&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft.aulast=Wakabayashi&rft.aufirst=Daisuke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Ftechnology%2Fgoogle-search-bias-claims.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/rn/arts/booktalk/stories/s1363917.htm">"The Crisis in American Democracy..."</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/exhibits/unions/unions.htm">Preface to a D. North lecture "Marxism and the Trade Unions"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoutas2018" class="citation web cs1">Woutas, Aidan (October 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michigandaily.com/campus-life/socialism-21st-century/">"Chairman of the Socialist Equality Party talks future of ideology, populism"</a>. <i>The Michigan Daily</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Michigan+Daily&rft.atitle=Chairman+of+the+Socialist+Equality+Party+talks+future+of+ideology%2C+populism&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft.aulast=Woutas&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigandaily.com%2Fcampus-life%2Fsocialism-21st-century%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLtd" class="citation web cs1">Ltd, TheGridNet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://istanbulgrid.com/en/news/article/27899628/leon-trotsky-commemoration-on-prinkipo-receives-widespread-responses">"Leon Trotsky commemoration on Prinkipo receives widespread responses at wsws.org"</a>. <i>The İstanbul Grid</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+%C4%B0stanbul+Grid&rft.atitle=Leon+Trotsky+commemoration+on+Prinkipo+receives+widespread+responses+at+wsws.org&rft.aulast=Ltd&rft.aufirst=TheGridNet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fistanbulgrid.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F27899628%2Fleon-trotsky-commemoration-on-prinkipo-receives-widespread-responses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crain's Detroit Business, 01/09/2003, págs. 26-27 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.crainsdetroit.com/node/524221/printable/print">https://www.crainsdetroit.com/node/524221/printable/print</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WSWS, 08/12/2024 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2024/08/13/dxgf-a13.html">https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2024/08/13/dxgf-a13.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tripod.domains.trincoll.edu/page_two/letter-to-the-editor-a-letter-to-president-berger-sweeney-from-david-w-green-71/">"Letter to the Editor: A Letter to President Berger-Sweeney from David W. Green '71"</a>. September 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+to+the+Editor%3A+A+Letter+to+President+Berger-Sweeney+from+David+W.+Green+%2771&rft.date=2020-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftripod.domains.trincoll.edu%2Fpage_two%2Fletter-to-the-editor-a-letter-to-president-berger-sweeney-from-david-w-green-71%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1816&context=tripod">"The Trinity Tripod"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Trinity+Tripod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalrepository.trincoll.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1816%26context%3Dtripod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2023/12/19/pers-d19.html">"The Israeli state's fascist ideology and the genocide in Gaza"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>. December 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=The+Israeli+state%E2%80%99s+fascist+ideology+and+the+genocide+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2023%2F12%2F19%2Fpers-d19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorthMckay1972" class="citation book cs1">North, David; Mckay, Bruce (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/bulletin/v08n38-w247-may-29-1972-bulletin.pdf"><i>Where Wallace Really Stands</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=The+Israeli+state%27s+fascist+ideology+and+the+genocide+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2023%2F12%2F19%2Fpers-d19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naxos.com/Bio/Person/Ignatz_Waghalter/177380">"Recordings by Ignatz Waghalter | Now available to stream and purchase at Naxos"</a>. <i>www.naxos.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.naxos.com&rft.atitle=Recordings+by+Ignatz+Waghalter+%7C+Now+available+to+stream+and+purchase+at+Naxos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naxos.com%2FBio%2FPerson%2FIgnatz_Waghalter%2F177380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGE8n79pirs">"Ignatz Waghalter's conception of art"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. April 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Ignatz+Waghalter%27s+conception+of+art&rft.date=2017-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DdGE8n79pirs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/02/20/glom-f20.html">"FBI and Department of Justice reject Freedom of Information Act document request by SEP National Chairman David North"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>. February 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=FBI+and+Department+of+Justice+reject+Freedom+of+Information+Act+document+request+by+SEP+National+Chairman+David+North&rft.date=2020-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2020%2F02%2F20%2Fglom-f20.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thorpe-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thorpe_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thorpe_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe2017" class="citation journal cs1">Thorpe, Charles (2017). "Radical Intellectuals, History, and the Soviet Union". <i>Journal of Historical Sociology</i>. <b>30</b>: 86–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjohs.12146">10.1111/johs.12146</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Historical+Sociology&rft.atitle=Radical+Intellectuals%2C+History%2C+and+the+Soviet+Union&rft.volume=30&rft.pages=86-91&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjohs.12146&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hedges050218-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hedges050218_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hedges050218_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHedges2018" class="citation news cs1">Hedges, Chris (February 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.truthdig.com/articles/bankruptcy-american-left/">"The Bankruptcy of the American Left"</a>. Truthdig<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Bankruptcy+of+the+American+Left&rft.date=2018-02-05&rft.aulast=Hedges&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.truthdig.com%2Farticles%2Fbankruptcy-american-left%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quarter-century-war-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quarter-century-war_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quarter-century-war_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2016" class="citation book cs1">North, David (2016). <i>A Quarter Century of War: The US Drive for Global Hegemony 1990-2016</i>. Oak Park, Michigan: Mehring Books. p. xix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-69-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-69-3"><bdi>978-1-893638-69-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Quarter+Century+of+War%3A+The+US+Drive+for+Global+Hegemony+1990-2016&rft.place=Oak+Park%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=xix&rft.pub=Mehring+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-893638-69-3&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2016" class="citation book cs1">North, David (2016). <i>A Quarter Century of War: The US Drive for Global Hegemony 1990-2016</i>. Oak Park, Michigan: Mehring Books. pp. xxi–xxii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-69-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-69-3"><bdi>978-1-893638-69-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Quarter+Century+of+War%3A+The+US+Drive+for+Global+Hegemony+1990-2016&rft.place=Oak+Park%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=xxi-xxii&rft.pub=Mehring+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-893638-69-3&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NorthFFSchool-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NorthFFSchool_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2015" class="citation book cs1">North, David (2015). <i>The Frankfurt School, Postmodernism and the Politics of the Pseudo-Left: A Marxist Critique</i>. Oak Park, Michigan: Mehring Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-50-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893638-50-1"><bdi>978-1-893638-50-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Frankfurt+School%2C+Postmodernism+and+the+Politics+of+the+Pseudo-Left%3A+A+Marxist+Critique&rft.place=Oak+Park%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Mehring+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-893638-50-1&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth1987" class="citation web cs1">North, David (August 23, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/special/library/trotskyism-versus-stalinism/speech.html">"Trotskyism versus Stalinism"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=Trotskyism+versus+Stalinism&rft.date=1987-08-23&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Fspecial%2Flibrary%2Ftrotskyism-versus-stalinism%2Fspeech.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PerestroikaVersusSocialism-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PerestroikaVersusSocialism_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PerestroikaVersusSocialism_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth1989" class="citation book cs1">North, David (1989). <i>Perestroika Versus Socialism: Stalinism and the Restoration of Capitalism in the USSR</i>. Detroit, Michigan: Labor Publications. p. vii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929087-39-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-929087-39-9"><bdi>0-929087-39-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perestroika+Versus+Socialism%3A+Stalinism+and+the+Restoration+of+Capitalism+in+the+USSR&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=vii&rft.pub=Labor+Publications&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-929087-39-9&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth1990" class="citation book cs1">North, David (1990). <i>The USSR and Socialism: The Trotskyist Perspective</i>. Detroit, Michigan: Labor Publications. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929087-45-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-929087-45-3"><bdi>0-929087-45-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+USSR+and+Socialism%3A+The+Trotskyist+Perspective&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Labor+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-929087-45-3&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2014/03/07/pers-m07.html">"The crisis in Ukraine and the historical consequences of the dissolution of the Soviet Union"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>. March 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=The+crisis+in+Ukraine+and+the+historical+consequences+of+the+dissolution+of+the+Soviet+Union&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2014%2F03%2F07%2Fpers-m07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2014/03/05/pers-m05.html">"US imperialism, Ukraine and the danger of World War III"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>. March 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=US+imperialism%2C+Ukraine+and+the+danger+of+World+War+III&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2014%2F03%2F05%2Fpers-m05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2022" class="citation web cs1">North, David (June 30, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/06/30/oqgd-j30.html">"Letter to a Young Trotskyist in Russia"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=Letter+to+a+Young+Trotskyist+in+Russia&rft.date=2022-06-30&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2022%2F06%2F30%2Foqgd-j30.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2022" class="citation web cs1">North, David (April 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/04/19/per1-a19.html">"The Challenge of May Day 2022: For the International Unity of the Working Class against Capitalism, National Chauvinism and War!"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=The+Challenge+of+May+Day+2022%3A+For+the+International+Unity+of+the+Working+Class+against+Capitalism%2C+National+Chauvinism+and+War%21&rft.date=2022-04-18&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2022%2F04%2F19%2Fper1-a19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+North+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_North_(socialist)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/">World Socialist Web Site</a></li></ul> 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