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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Aspectos_químicos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspectos_químicos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Aspectos químicos</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aspectos_químicos-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Aspectos químicos</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aspectos_químicos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Obtenção" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obtenção"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Obtenção</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obtenção-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actuação_sobre_o_ouro_e_outros_materiais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actuação_sobre_o_ouro_e_outros_materiais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Actuação sobre o ouro e outros materiais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actuação_sobre_o_ouro_e_outros_materiais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Episódio_histórico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Episódio_histórico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Episódio histórico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Episódio_histórico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Água régia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 65 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koningswater" title="Koningswater — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koningswater" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A" title="ماء ملكي — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماء ملكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="تیزاب سلطانی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیزاب سلطانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Царская гарэлка — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Царская гарэлка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Царска вода — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Царска вода" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_regia" title="Aqua regia — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aqua regia" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aigua_r%C3%A8gia" title="Aigua règia — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aigua règia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C4%8Davka_kr%C3%A1lovsk%C3%A1" title="Lučavka královská — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lučavka královská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0_%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Патша шывĕ — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Патша шывĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongevand" title="Kongevand — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kongevand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigswasser" title="Königswasser — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Königswasser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CF%8D%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%81" title="Βασιλικόν ύδωρ — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασιλικόν ύδωρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_regia" title="Aqua regia — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aqua regia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C4%9Dakvo" title="Reĝakvo — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reĝakvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua_regia" title="Agua regia — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agua regia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuningvesi" title="Kuningvesi — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuningvesi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errege_ur" title="Errege ur — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errege ur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="تیزاب سلطانی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیزاب سلطانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuningasvesi" title="Kuningasvesi — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuningasvesi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eau_r%C3%A9gale" title="Eau régale — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eau régale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A" title="מי מלך — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מי מלך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="अम्लराज — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अम्लराज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlatotopka" title="Zlatotopka — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zlatotopka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kir%C3%A1lyv%C3%ADz" title="Királyvíz — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Királyvíz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Արքայաջուր — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արքայաջուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_raja" title="Air raja — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Air raja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ngavatn" title="Kóngavatn — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kóngavatn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua_regia" title="Acqua regia — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acqua regia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="王水 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="王水" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სამეფო წყალი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამეფო წყალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%95" title="ರಾಜೋದಕ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಜೋದಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%95%EC%88%98" title="왕수 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="왕수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_regia" title="Aqua regia — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aqua regia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_regia" title="Aqua regia — lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aqua regia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karali%C5%A1kasis_vanduo" title="Karališkasis vanduo — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karališkasis vanduo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara%C4%BC%C5%ABdens" title="Karaļūdens — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karaļūdens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Царска вода — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Царска вода" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="അക്വാ റീജിയ — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അക്വാ റീജിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81" title="Хаан дарс — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хаан дарс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akua_regia" title="Akua regia — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Akua regia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koningswater" title="Koningswater — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koningswater" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongevatn" title="Kongevatn — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kongevatn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongevann" title="Kongevann — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kongevann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiga_r%C3%A8gia" title="Aiga règia — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aiga règia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woda_kr%C3%B3lewska" title="Woda królewska — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Woda królewska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ایکوا رجیا — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایکوا رجیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_regia" title="Aqua regia — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aqua regia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Царская водка — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Царская водка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_regia" title="Aqua regia — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Aqua regia" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carska_voda" title="Carska voda — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Carska voda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="රාජ අම්ලය — cingalês" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රාජ අම්ලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_regia" title="Aqua regia — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aqua regia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BA%C4%8Davka_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovsk%C3%A1" title="Lúčavka kráľovská — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lúčavka kráľovská" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlatotopka" title="Zlatotopka — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zlatotopka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uji_mbret%C3%ABror" title="Uji mbretëror — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Uji mbretëror" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Царска вода — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Царска вода" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungsvatten" title="Kungsvatten — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kungsvatten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இராச திராவகம் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இராச திராவகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="అక్వారిజియా — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అక్వారిజియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kral_suyu" title="Kral suyu — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kral suyu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Царська вода — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Царська вода" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ماء الملوک — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماء الملوک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_th%E1%BB%A7y" title="Vương thủy — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương thủy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="王水 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="王水" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" 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0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=%C3%81gua+r%C3%A9gia">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=%C3%81gua+r%C3%A9gia&oq=%C3%81gua+r%C3%A9gia">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=%C3%81gua+r%C3%A9gia">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=%C3%81gua+r%C3%A9gia">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Novembro de 2019</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours" style="width: 300px; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Água régia<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Aviso_m%C3%A9dico" title="Wikipédia:Aviso médico">Alerta sobre risco à saúde</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Aqua_regia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Aqua_regia.svg/130px-Aqua_regia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Aqua_regia.svg/195px-Aqua_regia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Aqua_regia.svg/260px-Aqua_regia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="520" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nomenclatura_IUPAC" title="Nomenclatura IUPAC">Nome IUPAC</a> </td> <td>ácido clorídrico nítrico </td></tr> <tr> <td>Outros nomes </td> <td>água-régia<br />aqua regia<br />aqua regis<br />mistura de ácido azótico e clorídrico<br />cloreto de hidrogênio nítrico </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Identificadores </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor=""><a href="/wiki/Registro_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Registro CAS">Número CAS</a> </td> <td bgcolor=""><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=8007-56-5">8007-56-5</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=62687">62687</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Propriedades </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Fórmula química">Fórmula molecular</a> </td> <td>(mistura) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aparência </td> <td>líquido; coloração do amarelo ao vermelho escuro </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solubilidade" title="Solubilidade">Solubilidade</a> em <a href="/wiki/%C3%81gua" title="Água">água</a> </td> <td>100% solúvel </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Riscos associados </th></tr> <tr> <td>Principais <a href="/wiki/Seguran%C3%A7a_do_trabalho" title="Segurança do trabalho">riscos<br />associados</a> </td> <td><center><b><table border="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Hazard_C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hazard_C.svg/50px-Hazard_C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hazard_C.svg/75px-Hazard_C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hazard_C.svg/100px-Hazard_C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Hazard_O.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hazard_O.svg/50px-Hazard_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hazard_O.svg/75px-Hazard_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hazard_O.svg/100px-Hazard_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th>Corrosivo</th><th>Comburente</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Corrosivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrosivo">C</a></th><th><a href="/wiki/Comburente" title="Comburente">(O)</a></th></tr></tbody></table></b></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frases_de_risco" class="mw-redirect" title="Frases de risco">Frases R</a> </td> <td>8‐35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frases_de_seguran%C3%A7a" class="mw-redirect" title="Frases de segurança">Frases S</a> </td> <td>23‐26‐36‐45 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Página de dados suplementares</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Estrutura_e_propriedades">Estrutura e propriedades</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_de_refrac%C3%A7%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Índice de refracção"><i>n</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Constante_diel%C3%A9ctrica" class="mw-redirect" title="Constante dieléctrica">ε<sub>r</sub></a>, etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Propriedades_termodinâmicas">Dados termodinâmicos</a> </td> <td>Phase behaviour<br />Solid, liquid, gas </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Dados_espectrais">Dados espectrais</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Espectroscopia_UV/vis%C3%ADvel" title="Espectroscopia UV/visível">UV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espectroscopia_de_infravermelho" title="Espectroscopia de infravermelho">IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espectroscopia_de_resson%C3%A2ncia_magn%C3%A9tica_nuclear" class="mw-redirect" title="Espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear">RMN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espectroscopia_de_massa" class="mw-redirect" title="Espectroscopia de massa">EM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><small><b>Exceto onde denotado, os dados referem-se a<br /> materiais sob <a href="/wiki/Condi%C3%A7%C3%B5es_normais_de_temperatura_e_press%C3%A3o" title="Condições normais de temperatura e pressão">condições normais de temperatura e pressão</a></b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Informa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_nas_infocaixas_de_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Wikipédia:Informação nas infocaixas de química">Referências e avisos gerais sobre esta caixa</a>.</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Aviso_m%C3%A9dico" title="Wikipédia:Aviso médico">Alerta sobre risco à saúde</a>.</b> </small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>A <b>água régia</b> (do latim "aqua regia" que significa "água real" ) é uma mistura de <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_n%C3%ADtrico" title="Ácido nítrico">ácido nítrico</a> e <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_clor%C3%ADdrico" title="Ácido clorídrico">ácido clorídrico</a> concentrados, geralmente na proporção de uma para três partes. É um líquido altamente <a href="/wiki/Corros%C3%A3o" title="Corrosão">corrosivo</a> de coloração alaranjada. É uma das poucas substâncias que podem dissolver o <a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro">ouro (Au)</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platina (Pt)</a>, tendo o nome de "água régia" devido à propriedade de dissolver os <a href="/wiki/Metal_nobre" title="Metal nobre">metais nobres</a> ("regios"), embora o <a href="/wiki/Tant%C3%A1lio" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantálio">tantálio (Ta)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%ADdio" title="Irídio">irídio (Ir)</a> e outros metais extremamente inertes possam suportar o seu ataque. O descobrimento da água régia é atribuído ao <a href="/wiki/Alquimia" title="Alquimia">alquimista</a> árabe <a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibne_Haiane" title="Jabir ibne Haiane">Geber</a>; ela era muito empregada por outros alquimistas e, ainda hoje, é utilizada em diversos procedimentos analíticos. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Aqua_regia_in_NMR_tubes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Aqua_regia_in_NMR_tubes.jpg/200px-Aqua_regia_in_NMR_tubes.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Aqua_regia_in_NMR_tubes.jpg/300px-Aqua_regia_in_NMR_tubes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Aqua_regia_in_NMR_tubes.jpg/400px-Aqua_regia_in_NMR_tubes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A água régia recém-preparada é incolor, mas torna-se laranja em segundos. Na foto, a água régia é utilizada na remoção de resíduos orgânicos em material de laboratório.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspectos_químicos"><span id="Aspectos_qu.C3.ADmicos"></span>Aspectos químicos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81gua_r%C3%A9gia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Aspectos químicos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81gua_r%C3%A9gia&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Aspectos químicos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obtenção"><span id="Obten.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Obtenção</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81gua_r%C3%A9gia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Obtenção" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81gua_r%C3%A9gia&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Obtenção"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {HNO_{3}+3\ HCl\longrightarrow NOCl+2\ Cl_{nascente}+2\ H_{2}O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {HNO_{3}+3\ HCl\longrightarrow NOCl+2\ Cl_{nascente}+2\ H_{2}O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/503e48a52643bfd8043b6e6cdd30adfc4b4ab4cd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:48.429ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {HNO_{3}+3\ HCl\longrightarrow NOCl+2\ Cl_{nascente}+2\ H_{2}O} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>A mistura perde a sua força rapidamente, por isso deve ser utilizada imediatamente após o preparo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Actuação_sobre_o_ouro_e_outros_materiais"><span id="Actua.C3.A7.C3.A3o_sobre_o_ouro_e_outros_materiais"></span>Actuação sobre o ouro e outros materiais</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81gua_r%C3%A9gia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Actuação sobre o ouro e outros materiais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81gua_r%C3%A9gia&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Actuação sobre o ouro e outros materiais"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mesmo sendo que a água régia ataca o ouro, nenhum dos seus <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido" title="Ácido">ácidos</a> constituintes pode atacá-lo isoladamente. Cada ácido executa uma tarefa diferente. O ácido nítrico é um potente <a href="/wiki/Redu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Redução">oxidante</a>, que pode dissolver uma quantidade <i>minúscula</i> (praticamente indetectável) de ouro, formando <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Don" title="Íon">íons</a> de ouro. O ácido clorídrico, por sua vez, proporciona íons <a href="/wiki/Cloreto" title="Cloreto">cloreto</a>, que reagem com os íons de ouro, retirando o ouro da dissolução. Isto permite que o ouro adicional continue oxidando. A alta concentração de cloretos aumenta a solubilidade dos metais formando <a href="/wiki/Composto_de_coordena%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Composto de coordenação">compostos de coordenação</a> cloro-metálicos. A exemplo do <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_cloro%C3%A1urico" title="Ácido cloroáurico">ácido cloroáurico</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Hidrogénio">H</a><a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro">Au</a><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro">Cl</a><sub><small>4</small></sub>): </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Au+2\ NOCl+3\ Cl_{2}+2\ HNO_{3}\rightarrow } }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Au+2\ NOCl+3\ Cl_{2}+2\ HNO_{3}\rightarrow } }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/078efce8e6c67ade6ffe504fb16759161c91fe81" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:37.102ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Au+2\ NOCl+3\ Cl_{2}+2\ HNO_{3}\rightarrow } }"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ HAuCl_{4}+4\ NO_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ HAuCl_{4}+4\ NO_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/39567d4906322ba4752d0d119a48fb47f32894e6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:19.09ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ HAuCl_{4}+4\ NO_{2}} }"></span></dd></dl> <p><br /> A <a href="/wiki/Prata" title="Prata">prata (Ag)</a> forma, no entanto, uma camada insolúvel de <a href="/wiki/Cloreto_de_prata" title="Cloreto de prata">cloreto de prata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prata" title="Prata">Ag</a><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro">Cl</a><sub><small>2</small></sub>) em sua superfície, através de <a href="/wiki/Passiva%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Passivação">passivação</a>, permanecendo resistente. Outros metais que na presença de água régia permanecem protegidos através da passivação (em <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_ambiente" title="Temperatura ambiente">temperatura ambiente</a>) são: <a href="/wiki/Zirc%C3%B4nio" title="Zircônio">Zr</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1fnio" title="Háfnio">Hf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B3bio" title="Nióbio">Nb</a>, Ta, <a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A2nio" title="Titânio">Ti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rut%C3%AAnio" title="Rutênio">Ru</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%AAnio" title="Tungstênio">W</a>.<span style="color:gray"><sup>[</sup></span><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><span title="Esta afirmação precisa de uma referência para confirmá-la desde abril de 2017." style="color:gray"><i>carece de fontes</i></span></a><span class="printfooter">?</span><span style="color:gray">]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Episódio_histórico"><span id="Epis.C3.B3dio_hist.C3.B3rico"></span>Episódio histórico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81gua_r%C3%A9gia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Episódio histórico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81gua_r%C3%A9gia&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Episódio histórico"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durante a <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Grande_Guerra" class="mw-redirect" title="Segunda Grande Guerra">Segunda Grande Guerra</a>, o químico húngaro residente na Dinamarca, <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a>, laureado com o Prémio Nobel no ano de 1943, decidiu dissolver as medalhas de ouro de pelo menos dois, também laureados, colegas (<a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a> e <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a>) em água régia, para escondê-las dos nazistas. E assim fez, quando Copenhagen acabara de ser invadida. Após a guerra, o ouro foi recuperado e a <a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nobel" title="Fundação Nobel">Fundação Nobel</a> generosamente refez as medalhas. Dissolver o ouro foi uma tarefa difícil, segundo Hevesy, pois trata-se de um metal extremamente resistente e inerte.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> A água régia converte o ouro numa solução de <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_cloro%C3%A1urico" title="Ácido cloroáurico">ácido cloroáurico</a>. </p> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lemmel, Birgitta (11 de março de 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/medals/">«The Nobel Medals and the Medal for the Prize in Economic Sciences»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 28 de novembro de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%81gua+r%C3%A9gia&rft.aufirst=Birgitta&rft.aulast=Lemmel&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Medals+and+the+Medal+for+the+Prize+in+Economic+Sciences&rft.date=1998-03-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fabout%2Fmedals%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81gua_r%C3%A9gia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81gua_r%C3%A9gia&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/CCA/CCA3/MAIN/AQREGIA/PAGE1.HTM">«Chemistry Comes Alive! Aqua Regia»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%81gua+r%C3%A9gia&rft.btitle=Chemistry+Comes+Alive%21+Aqua+Regia&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjchemed.chem.wisc.edu%2FJCESoft%2FCCA%2FCCA3%2FMAIN%2FAQREGIA%2FPAGE1.HTM&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/65/aq/aquaregi.html">«The Columbia Encyclopedia: Aqua Regia»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%81gua+r%C3%A9gia&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Encyclopedia%3A+Aqua+Regia&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F65%2Faq%2Faquaregi.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomashworth.com/aqua_regia_clean.shtml">«How to Use Aqua Regia to Purify Gold»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%81gua+r%C3%A9gia&rft.btitle=How+to+Use+Aqua+Regia+to+Purify+Gold&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomashworth.com%2Faqua_regia_clean.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Classificação_de_águas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Tipos_de_%C3%A1guas" title="Predefinição:Tipos de águas"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; 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text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174670" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q174670">Q174670</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tesauro_de_Arte_e_Arquitetura" title="Tesauro de Arte e Arquitetura">AAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300011762">300011762</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Grande Enciclopédia Soviética">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/4673253">4673253</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4365575-0">4365575-0</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;">Identificadores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_CAS" title="Número CAS">CAS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=8007-56-5">8007-56-5</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.56437.html">56437</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54774134" class="extiw" title="d:Q54774134">DTXSID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID50893666">DTXSID50893666</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/62687">62687</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/UNII" title="UNII">UNII</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/X3TT5X989E">X3TT5X989E</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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