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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Achievements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Licensing_and_availability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Licensing_and_availability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Licensing and availability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Licensing_and_availability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software_packages_contained_in_SageMath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software_packages_contained_in_SageMath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Software packages contained in SageMath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software_packages_contained_in_SageMath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sage-logo-2018.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sage-logo-2018.svg/250px-Sage-logo-2018.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sage-logo-2018.svg/375px-Sage-logo-2018.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sage-logo-2018.svg/500px-Sage-logo-2018.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="130" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sagemath-jupyter-screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sagemath-jupyter-screenshot.png/220px-Sagemath-jupyter-screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sagemath-jupyter-screenshot.png/330px-Sagemath-jupyter-screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sagemath-jupyter-screenshot.png/440px-Sagemath-jupyter-screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Sagemath document (<a href="/wiki/IPython#Project_Jupyter" title="IPython">Jupyter Notebook</a>) inside a <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">24 February 2005<span class="noprint">; 19 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2005-02-24</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">10.4<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-ebb059669f59dfde81342e4fd8fdba7e13614210-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-ebb059669f59dfde81342e4fd8fdba7e13614210-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165184?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> (20 July 2024<span class="noprint">; 4 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">20 July 2024</span>)</span>) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#Beta" title="Software release life cycle">Preview release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">10.3.rc2 / 4 March 2024<span class="noprint">; 8 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2024-03-04</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sagemath/sage">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/sagemath<wbr />/sage</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165184#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cython" title="Cython">Cython</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">Personal computers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a>, <a href="/wiki/SPARC" title="SPARC">SPARC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/File_size" title="File size">Size</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Approx. 112–3319 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Computer_algebra_system" title="Computer algebra system">Computer algebra system</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GPLv3" class="mw-redirect" title="GPLv3">GPLv3</a><sup id="cite_ref-GPL_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GPL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sagemath.org/">www<wbr />.sagemath<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>SageMath</b> (previously <b>Sage</b> or <b>SAGE</b>, "System for Algebra and Geometry Experimentation"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Computer_algebra_system" title="Computer algebra system">computer algebra system</a> (CAS) with features covering many aspects of <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Combinatorics" title="Combinatorics">combinatorics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graph_theory" title="Graph theory">graph theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Group_theory" title="Group theory">group theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Differentiable_manifold" title="Differentiable manifold">differentiable manifolds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis">numerical analysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Number_theory" title="Number theory">number theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calculus" title="Calculus">calculus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a>. </p><p>The first version of SageMath was released on 24 February 2005 as <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a> under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> version 2, with the initial goals of creating an "open source alternative to <a href="/wiki/Magma_computer_algebra_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Magma computer algebra system">Magma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maple_(software)" title="Maple (software)">Maple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematica" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematica">Mathematica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The originator and leader of the SageMath project, <a href="/wiki/William_A._Stein" title="William A. Stein">William Stein</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>. </p><p>SageMath uses a <a href="/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)" title="Syntax (programming languages)">syntax</a> resembling <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>'s,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supporting <a href="/wiki/Procedural_programming" title="Procedural programming">procedural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional</a> and <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a> constructs. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SageMath&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_A._Stein.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/William_A._Stein.png/300px-William_A._Stein.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/William_A._Stein.png/450px-William_A._Stein.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/William_A._Stein.png/600px-William_A._Stein.png 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>William A. Stein</figcaption></figure> <p>Stein realized when designing Sage that there were many <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open-source</a> mathematics software packages already written in different <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">languages</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>. </p><p>Rather than <a href="/wiki/Reinventing_the_wheel" title="Reinventing the wheel">reinventing the wheel</a>, Sage (which is written mostly in Python and <a href="/wiki/Cython" title="Cython">Cython</a>) integrates many specialized <a href="/wiki/Computer_algebra_system" title="Computer algebra system">CAS</a> software packages into a common interface, for which a user needs to know only Python. However, Sage contains hundreds of thousands of unique lines of <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">code</a> adding new <a href="/wiki/Function_(computer_programming)" title="Function (computer programming)">functions</a> and creating the interfaces among its components.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SageMath uses both students and professionals for development. The development of SageMath is supported by both <a href="/wiki/Volunteering" title="Volunteering">volunteer</a> work and <a href="/wiki/Grant_(money)" title="Grant (money)">grants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was not until 2016 that the first full-time Sage developer was hired (funded by an <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> grant).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, Stein described his disappointment with a lack of academic funding and credentials for software development, citing it as the reason for his decision to leave his tenured academic position to work full-time on the project in a newly founded company, SageMath, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achievements">Achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SageMath&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2007: first prize in the scientific software division of <a href="/wiki/Les_Troph%C3%A9es_du_Libre" title="Les Trophées du Libre">Les Trophées du Libre</a>, an international competition for free software.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012: one of the projects selected for the <a href="/wiki/Google_Summer_of_Code" title="Google Summer of Code">Google Summer of Code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">ACM</a>/<a href="/wiki/SIGSAM" title="SIGSAM">SIGSAM</a> Jenks Prize.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance">Performance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SageMath&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both <a href="/wiki/Executable" title="Executable">binaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> are available for SageMath from the download page. If SageMath is built from source code, many of the included libraries such as <a href="/wiki/OpenBLAS" title="OpenBLAS">OpenBLAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fast_Library_for_Number_Theory" title="Fast Library for Number Theory">FLINT</a>, <a href="/wiki/GAP_(computer_algebra_system)" title="GAP (computer algebra system)">GAP (computer algebra system)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Number_Theory_Library" title="Number Theory Library">NTL</a> will be tuned and optimized for that computer, taking into account the number of <a href="/wiki/Processor_(computing)" title="Processor (computing)">processors</a>, the size of their <a href="/wiki/Cache_(computing)" title="Cache (computing)">caches</a>, whether there is hardware support for <a href="/wiki/Streaming_SIMD_Extensions" title="Streaming SIMD Extensions">SSE</a> instructions, etc. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cython" title="Cython">Cython</a> can increase the speed of SageMath programs, as the Python code is converted into <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licensing_and_availability">Licensing and availability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SageMath&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Licensing and availability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SageMath is <a href="/wiki/FOSS" class="mw-redirect" title="FOSS">free software</a>, distributed under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> version 3.<sup id="cite_ref-GPL_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GPL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SageMath 10.0 (May 2023) requires <a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a> in version 2,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which in turn requires Windows to run as a <a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a> client. SageMath 8.0 (July 2017), with development funded by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenDreamKit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpenDreamKit (page does not exist)">OpenDreamKit</a> project,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> successfully built on <a href="/wiki/Cygwin" title="Cygwin">Cygwin</a>, and a binary installer for 64-bit versions of Windows was available.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Microsoft was sponsoring a Windows version of SageMath, prior to 2016 users of Windows had to use <a href="/wiki/Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">virtualization</a> technology such as <a href="/wiki/VirtualBox" title="VirtualBox">VirtualBox</a> to run SageMath.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a> in which SageMath is available as a package are <a href="/wiki/Fedora_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedora (operating system)">Fedora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> and <a href="/wiki/NixOS" title="NixOS">NixOS</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a>, it is available via layman in the "sage-on-gentoo"<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> overlay. The package used by NixOS is available for use on other distributions, due to the distribution-agnostic nature of its package manager, <a href="/wiki/Nix_package_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Nix package manager">Nix</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gentoo/Alt" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentoo/Alt">Gentoo prefix</a> also provides Sage on other operating systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software_packages_contained_in_SageMath">Software packages contained in SageMath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SageMath&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Software packages contained in SageMath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The philosophy of SageMath is to use existing open-source <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">libraries</a> wherever they exist. Therefore, it uses many libraries from other projects. </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #F4E3FF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: bolder;" scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh" rowspan="12">Mathematics packages<br />contained in SageMath<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">Algebra</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/GAP_(computer_algebra_system)" title="GAP (computer algebra system)">GAP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singular_(software)" title="Singular (software)">Singular</a>, <a href="/wiki/FLINT" class="mw-redirect" title="FLINT">FLINT</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_geometry" title="Algebraic geometry">Algebraic geometry</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Singular_(software)" title="Singular (software)">Singular</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Arbitrary-precision_arithmetic" title="Arbitrary-precision arithmetic">Arbitrary-precision arithmetic</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/GNU_Multiple_Precision_Arithmetic_Library" title="GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library">GMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/MPFR" class="mw-redirect" title="MPFR">MPFR</a>, <a href="/wiki/MPFR" class="mw-redirect" title="MPFR">MPFI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Number_Theory_Library" title="Number Theory Library">NTL</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mpmath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mpmath (page does not exist)">mpmath</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb_(ball_arithmetic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arb (ball arithmetic) (page does not exist)">Arb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Arithmetic_geometry" title="Arithmetic geometry">Arithmetic geometry</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/PARI/GP" title="PARI/GP">PARI/GP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Number_Theory_Library" title="Number Theory Library">NTL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mwrank" title="Mwrank">mwrank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenstra_elliptic_curve_factorization" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenstra elliptic curve factorization">ECM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Calculus" title="Calculus">Calculus</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Maxima_(software)" title="Maxima (software)">Maxima</a>, <a href="/wiki/SymPy" title="SymPy">SymPy</a>, <a href="/wiki/GiNaC" title="GiNaC">GiNaC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giac_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giac (software)">Giac</a>, <a href="/wiki/FriCAS" title="FriCAS">FriCAS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Combinatorics" title="Combinatorics">Combinatorics</a> </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symmetrica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symmetrica (page does not exist)">Symmetrica</a>, Sage-Combinat </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Linear_algebra" title="Linear algebra">Linear algebra</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Automatically_Tuned_Linear_Algebra_Software" title="Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software">ATLAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/BLAS" class="mw-redirect" title="BLAS">BLAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/LAPACK" title="LAPACK">LAPACK</a>, <a href="/wiki/NumPy" title="NumPy">NumPy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LinBox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LinBox (page does not exist)">LinBox</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Integer_Matrix_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integer Matrix Library (page does not exist)">IML</a>, <a href="/wiki/GNU_Scientific_Library" title="GNU Scientific Library">GSL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Graph theory </th> <td><a href="/wiki/NetworkX" title="NetworkX">NetworkX</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Group_theory" title="Group theory">Group theory</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/GAP_(computer_algebra_system)" title="GAP (computer algebra system)">GAP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis">Numerical computation</a> </th> <td>GSL, <a href="/wiki/SciPy" title="SciPy">SciPy</a>, <a href="/wiki/NumPy" title="NumPy">NumPy</a>, ATLAS </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Number_theory" title="Number theory">Number theory</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/PARI/GP" title="PARI/GP">PARI/GP</a>, <a href="/wiki/FLINT" class="mw-redirect" title="FLINT">FLINT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Number_Theory_Library" title="Number Theory Library">NTL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Computational_statistics" title="Computational statistics">Statistical computing</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a>, <a href="/wiki/SciPy" title="SciPy">SciPy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #F4E3FF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: bolder;" scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh" rowspan="6">Other packages<br />contained in SageMath </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">Command-line shell</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/IPython" title="IPython">IPython</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">Database</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/ZODB" class="mw-redirect" title="ZODB">ZODB</a>, <a href="/wiki/SQLite" title="SQLite">SQLite</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">Graphical interface</a> </th> <td>SageMath Notebook, <a href="/wiki/MathJax" title="MathJax">MathJax</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (formerly <a href="/wiki/JsMath" title="JsMath">jsMath</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Graphics </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Matplotlib" title="Matplotlib">matplotlib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tachyon_(software)" title="Tachyon (software)">Tachyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/GD_Graphics_Library" title="GD Graphics Library">GD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jmol" title="Jmol">Jmol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Interactive programming language </th> <td>Python </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networking</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Twisted_(software)" title="Twisted (software)">Twisted</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #F4E3FF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: bolder;" scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh">Other Mathematics package<br />available for SageMath </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Differential_geometry" title="Differential geometry">Differential geometry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tensor_calculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensor calculus">tensor calculus</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sage_Manifolds" title="Sage Manifolds">Sage Manifolds</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SageMath&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CoCalc" title="CoCalc">CoCalc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_numerical-analysis_software" title="Comparison of numerical-analysis software">Comparison of numerical-analysis software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_statistical_packages" title="Comparison of statistical packages">Comparison of statistical packages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_algebra_systems" title="List of computer algebra systems">List of computer algebra systems</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SageMath&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-ebb059669f59dfde81342e4fd8fdba7e13614210-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-ebb059669f59dfde81342e4fd8fdba7e13614210-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sagemath/sage/releases/tag/10.4">"Release 10.4"</a>. 20 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SageMath+8.0+installer+for+Windows&rft.date=2017-08-18&rft.aulast=Lelievre&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsg%2Fsage-announce%2FlznROhGi-2U%2FCPRsY7zZAwAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASageMath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein2012" class="citation web cs1">Stein, William (16 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/topic/sage-devel/LTWgQ_24cPs/discussion">"Re: Question about Sage"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Re%3A+Question+about+Sage&rft.date=2012-03-16&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Ftopic%2Fsage-devel%2FLTWgQ_24cPs%2Fdiscussion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASageMath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/cschwan/sage-on-gentoo/wiki">"sage-on-gentoo Wiki"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=sage-on-gentoo+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcschwan%2Fsage-on-gentoo%2Fwiki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASageMath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc.sagemath.org/html/en/installation/standard_packages.html">"Standard Packages"</a>. <i>doc.sagemath.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Fermat (computer algebra system)">Fermat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FriCAS" title="FriCAS">FriCAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FORM_(symbolic_manipulation_system)" title="FORM (symbolic manipulation system)">FORM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAP_(computer_algebra_system)" title="GAP (computer algebra system)">GAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GiNaC" title="GiNaC">GiNaC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaulay2" title="Macaulay2">Macaulay2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxima_(software)" title="Maxima (software)">Maxima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normaliz" title="Normaliz">Normaliz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PARI/GP" title="PARI/GP">PARI/GP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduce_(computer_algebra_system)" title="Reduce (computer algebra system)">Reduce</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SageMath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singular_(software)" title="Singular (software)">Singular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SymPy" title="SymPy">SymPy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xcas" title="Xcas">Xcas/Giac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacas" title="Yacas">Yacas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casio_ClassPad_300" title="Casio ClassPad 300">ClassPad Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KANT_(software)" title="KANT (software)">KANT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magma_(computer_algebra_system)" title="Magma (computer algebra system)">Magma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_(software)" title="Maple (software)">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcad" title="Mathcad">Mathcad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Mathematica" title="Wolfram Mathematica">Mathematica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MuPAD" title="MuPAD">muPAD</a> (<a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> symbolic math toolbox)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMath_Studio" title="SMath Studio">SMath Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_InterActive!" title="TI InterActive!">TI InterActive!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_Equation_Solver" title="Engineering Equation Solver">Engineering Equation Solver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Algebra_System" title="Cambridge Algebra System">CAMAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derive_(computer_algebra_system)" title="Derive (computer algebra system)">Derive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erable" title="Erable">Erable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveMath" title="LiveMath">LiveMath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macsyma" title="Macsyma">Macsyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathomatic" title="Mathomatic">Mathomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MuMATH" title="MuMATH">muMATH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALTRAN" title="ALTRAN">ALTRAN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_algebra_systems" title="Category:Computer algebra systems">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_algebra_systems" title="List of computer algebra systems">List</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Numerical-analysis_software" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Numerical_analysis_software" title="Template:Numerical analysis software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Numerical_analysis_software" title="Template talk:Numerical analysis software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Numerical_analysis_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Numerical analysis software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Numerical-analysis_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_numerical-analysis_software" title="List of numerical-analysis software">Numerical-analysis software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Simulation_Library" title="Advanced Simulation Library">Advanced Simulation Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADMB" title="ADMB">ADMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_(programming_language)" title="Chapel (programming language)">Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euler_Mathematical_Toolbox" title="Euler Mathematical Toolbox">Euler Mathematical Toolbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeFem%2B%2B" title="FreeFem++">FreeFem++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeMat" title="FreeMat">FreeMat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_(mathematics_software)" title="Genius (mathematics software)">Genius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmsh" title="Gmsh">Gmsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave">GNU Octave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretl" title="Gretl">gretl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Jupyter" title="Project Jupyter">Jupyter</a> (<i>Ju</i>lia, <i>Pyt</i>hon, <i>R</i>; <a href="/wiki/IPython" title="IPython">IPython</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MFEM" title="MFEM">MFEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenFOAM" title="OpenFOAM">OpenFOAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SageMath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(software)" title="Salome (software)">Salome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScicosLab" title="ScicosLab">ScicosLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scilab" title="Scilab">Scilab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X10_(programming_language)" title="X10 (programming language)">X10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weka_(software)" title="Weka (software)">Weka</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Discontinued" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_(programming_language)" title="Fortress (programming language)">Fortress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DADiSP" title="DADiSP">DADiSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FEATool_Multiphysics" title="FEATool Multiphysics">FEATool Multiphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAUSS_(software)" title="GAUSS (software)">GAUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LabVIEW" title="LabVIEW">LabVIEW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_(software)" title="Maple (software)">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcad" title="Mathcad">Mathcad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Mathematica" title="Wolfram Mathematica">Mathematica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakeasy_(computational_environment)" title="Speakeasy (computational environment)">Speakeasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisSim" title="VisSim">VisSim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_numerical-analysis_software" title="Comparison of numerical-analysis software">Comparison</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Statistical_software" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Statistical_software" title="Template:Statistical software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Statistical_software" title="Template talk:Statistical software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Statistical_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Statistical software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Statistical_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_statistical_software" title="List of statistical software">Statistical software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public-domain_software" title="Public-domain software">Public domain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dataplot" title="Dataplot">Dataplot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi_Info" title="Epi Info">Epi Info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSPro" title="CSPro">CSPro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-12-ARIMA" class="mw-redirect" title="X-12-ARIMA">X-12-ARIMA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADMB" title="ADMB">ADMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAP_(software)" title="DAP (software)">DAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretl" title="Gretl">gretl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamovi" title="Jamovi">jamovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASP" title="JASP">JASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_another_Gibbs_sampler" title="Just another Gibbs sampler">JAGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMulTi" title="JMulTi">JMulTi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Jupyter" title="Project Jupyter">Jupyter</a> (<i>Ju</i>lia, <i>Py</i>thon, <i>R</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave">GNU Octave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenBUGS" title="OpenBUGS">OpenBUGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(software)" title="Orange (software)">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSPP" title="PSPP">PSPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> (statsmodels, <a href="/wiki/PyMC3" class="mw-redirect" title="PyMC3">PyMC3</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPython" title="IPython">IPython</a>, <a href="/wiki/IDLE" title="IDLE">IDLE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a> (<a href="/wiki/RStudio" title="RStudio">RStudio</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SageMath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SimFiT" title="SimFiT">SimFiT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOFA_Statistics" title="SOFA Statistics">SOFA Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_(software)" title="Stan (software)">Stan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLispStat" title="XLispStat">XLispStat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">Freeware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BV4.1_(software)" title="BV4.1 (software)">BV4.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CumFreq" title="CumFreq">CumFreq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SegReg" title="SegReg">SegReg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XploRe" title="XploRe">XploRe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinBUGS" title="WinBUGS">WinBUGS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">Commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_Desk" title="Data Desk">Data Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAUSS_(software)" title="GAUSS (software)">GAUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphPad_InStat" class="mw-redirect" title="GraphPad InStat">GraphPad InStat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphPad_Prism" class="mw-redirect" title="GraphPad Prism">GraphPad Prism</a></li> <li>IBM <a href="/wiki/SPSS" title="SPSS">SPSS</a> Statistics</li> <li>IBM <a href="/wiki/SPSS_Modeler" title="SPSS Modeler">SPSS Modeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMP_(statistical_software)" title="JMP (statistical software)">JMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_(software)" title="Maple (software)">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcad" title="Mathcad">Mathcad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Mathematica" title="Wolfram Mathematica">Mathematica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OxMetrics" title="OxMetrics">OxMetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RATS_(software)" title="RATS (software)">RATS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_Analytics" title="Revolution Analytics">Revolution Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAS_(software)" title="SAS (software)">SAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartPLS" title="SmartPLS">SmartPLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stata" title="Stata">Stata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StatView" title="StatView">StatView</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDAAN" title="SUDAAN">SUDAAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-PLUS" title="S-PLUS">S-PLUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSP_(econometrics_software)" title="TSP (econometrics software)">TSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Programming_System" title="World Programming System">World Programming System</a> (WPS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMDP" title="BMDP">BMDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EViews" title="EViews">EViews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genstat" title="Genstat">GenStat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIMDEP" title="LIMDEP">LIMDEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISREL" title="LISREL">LISREL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MedCalc" title="MedCalc">MedCalc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfit" title="Microfit">Microfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minitab" title="Minitab">Minitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLwiN" title="MLwiN">MLwiN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCSS_(statistical_software)" title="NCSS (statistical software)">NCSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHAZAM_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="SHAZAM (software)">SHAZAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SigmaStat" title="SigmaStat">SigmaStat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistica" title="Statistica">Statistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StatsDirect" title="StatsDirect">StatsDirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StatXact" title="StatXact">StatXact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SYSTAT_(statistics_package)" title="SYSTAT (statistics package)">SYSTAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unscrambler" title="The Unscrambler">The Unscrambler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unistat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unistat (page does not exist)">UNISTAT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a> add-ons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analyse-it" title="Analyse-it">Analyse-it</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unistat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unistat (page does not exist)">UNISTAT</a> for Excel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLfit" title="XLfit">XLfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RExcel" title="RExcel">RExcel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Statistical_software" title="Category:Statistical software">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_statistical_packages" title="Comparison of statistical packages">Comparison</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_and_open-source_software" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FOSS" title="Template:FOSS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FOSS" title="Template talk:FOSS"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FOSS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FOSS"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_and_open-source_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> 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software">Open-source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_development" title="Open-source software development">Open-source software development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_free_software" title="Outline of free software">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="Timeline of free and open-source software">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages" title="List of free and open-source software packages">Software<br />packages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_free_software_for_audio" title="Comparison of free software for audio">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_bioinformatics_software" title="List of open-source bioinformatics software">Bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_codecs" title="List of open-source codecs">Codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_configuration_management_software" title="Comparison of open-source configuration management software">Configuration management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">Drivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver" title="Free and open-source graphics device driver">Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_wireless_drivers" title="Comparison of open-source wireless drivers">Wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_health_software" title="List of open-source health software">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_software_for_mathematics" title="List of open-source software for mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_office_suites" title="List of office suites">Office suites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_operating_systems" title="Comparison of open-source operating systems">Operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_routing_platforms" title="List of open-source routing platforms">Routing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_television_software" title="List of free television software">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_video_games" title="List of open-source video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_web_applications" title="List of free and open-source web applications">Web applications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_shopping_cart_software" title="Comparison of shopping cart software">E-commerce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_Android_applications" title="List of free and open-source Android applications">Android apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_iOS_applications" title="List of free and open-source iOS applications">iOS apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercial_open-source_applications_and_services" title="List of commercial open-source applications and services">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_formerly_proprietary_software" title="List of formerly proprietary software">Formerly proprietary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_formerly_free_and_open-source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="List of formerly free and open-source software">Formerly open-source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_free_and_open-source_software" 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Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free-software_license" title="Free-software license">Licenses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_Free_License" title="Academic Free License">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_License" title="Apple Public Source License">APSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_License" title="Artistic License">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beerware" title="Beerware">Beerware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">BSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Development_and_Distribution_License" title="Common Development and Distribution 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href="/wiki/Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepycat_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleepycat License">Sleepycat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlicense" title="Unlicense">Unlicense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTFPL" title="WTFPL">WTFPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlib_License" title="Zlib License">zlib</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Types_and_standards" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and<br /> standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_free_and_open-source_software_licenses" title="Comparison of free and open-source software licenses">Comparison of licenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributor_License_Agreement" title="Contributor License Agreement">Contributor License Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Debian Free Software Guidelines">Debian Free Software Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works">Definition of Free Cultural Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_license" title="Free license">Free license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">The Free Software Definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Source_Definition" title="The Open Source Definition">The Open Source Definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">Open-source license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permissive_software_license" title="Permissive software license">Permissive software license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li></ul> 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