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2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 30207</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: global human body model</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30207</span> 3D Reconstruction of Human Body Based on Gender Classification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiahe%20Liu">Jiahe Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongyang%20Yu"> Hongyang Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Qian"> Feng Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miao%20Luo"> Miao Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SMPL-X was a powerful parametric human body model that included male, neutral, and female models, with significant gender differences between these three models. During the process of 3D human body reconstruction, the correct selection of standard templates was crucial for obtaining accurate results. To address this issue, we developed an efficient gender classification algorithm to automatically select the appropriate template for 3D human body reconstruction. The key to this gender classification algorithm was the precise analysis of human body features. By using the SMPL-X model, the algorithm could detect and identify gender features of the human body, thereby determining which standard template should be used. The accuracy of this algorithm made the 3D reconstruction process more accurate and reliable, as it could adjust model parameters based on individual gender differences. SMPL-X and the related gender classification algorithm have brought important advancements to the field of 3D human body reconstruction. By accurately selecting standard templates, they have improved the accuracy of reconstruction and have broad potential in various application fields. These technologies continue to drive the development of the 3D reconstruction field, providing us with more realistic and accurate human body models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20classification" title="gender classification">gender classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20detection" title=" joint detection"> joint detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMPL-X" title=" SMPL-X"> SMPL-X</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20reconstruction" title=" 3D reconstruction"> 3D reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173842/3d-reconstruction-of-human-body-based-on-gender-classification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30206</span> Parametric Template-Based 3D Reconstruction of the Human Body</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiahe%20Liu">Jiahe Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongyang%20Yu"> Hongyang Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Qian"> Feng Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miao%20Luo"> Miao Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linhang%20Zhu"> Linhang Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study proposed a 3D human body reconstruction method, which integrates multi-view joint information into a set of joints and processes it with a parametric human body template. Firstly, we obtained human body image information captured from multiple perspectives. The multi-view information can avoid self-occlusion and occlusion problems during the reconstruction process. Then, we used the MvP algorithm to integrate multi-view joint information into a set of joints. Next, we used the parametric human body template SMPL-X to obtain more accurate three-dimensional human body reconstruction results. Compared with the traditional single-view parametric human body template reconstruction, this method significantly improved the accuracy and stability of the reconstruction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20human%20body%20templates" title="parametric human body templates">parametric human body templates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstruction%20of%20the%20human%20body" title=" reconstruction of the human body"> reconstruction of the human body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-view" title=" multi-view"> multi-view</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint" title=" joint"> joint</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173775/parametric-template-based-3d-reconstruction-of-the-human-body" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30205</span> Metabolic Predictive Model for PMV Control Based on Deep Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eunji%20Choi">Eunji Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Borang%20Park"> Borang Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youngjae%20Choi"> Youngjae Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinwoo%20Moon"> Jinwoo Moon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a predictive model for estimating the metabolism (MET) of human body was developed for the optimal control of indoor thermal environment. Human body images for indoor activities and human body joint coordinated values were collected as data sets, which are used in predictive model. A deep learning algorithm was used in an initial model, and its number of hidden layers and hidden neurons were optimized. Lastly, the model prediction performance was analyzed after the model being trained through collected data. In conclusion, the possibility of MET prediction was confirmed, and the direction of the future study was proposed as developing various data and the predictive model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title="deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20quality" title=" indoor quality"> indoor quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism" title=" metabolism"> metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20model" title=" predictive model"> predictive model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93271/metabolic-predictive-model-for-pmv-control-based-on-deep-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30204</span> Model Development for Real-Time Human Sitting Posture Detection Using a Camera</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jheanel%20E.%20Estrada">Jheanel E. Estrada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larry%20A.%20Vea"> Larry A. Vea</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study developed model to detect proper/improper sitting posture using the built in web camera which detects the upper body points’ location and distances (chin, manubrium and acromion process). It also established relationships of human body frames and proper sitting posture. The models were developed by training some well-known classifiers such as KNN, SVM, MLP, and Decision Tree using the data collected from 60 students of different body frames. Decision Tree classifier demonstrated the most promising model performance with an accuracy of 95.35% and a kappa of 0.907 for head and shoulder posture. Results also showed that there were relationships between body frame and posture through Body Mass Index. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posture" title="posture">posture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinal%20points" title=" spinal points"> spinal points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gyroscope" title=" gyroscope"> gyroscope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomics" title=" ergonomics"> ergonomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63296/model-development-for-real-time-human-sitting-posture-detection-using-a-camera" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30203</span> 3D Human Body Reconstruction Based on Multiple Viewpoints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiahe%20Liu">Jiahe Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HongyangYu"> HongyangYu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Qian"> Feng Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miao%20Luo"> Miao Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to improve the effects of human body 3D reconstruction. The MvP algorithm was adopted to obtain key point information from multiple perspectives. This algorithm allowed the capture of human posture and joint positions from multiple angles, providing more comprehensive and accurate data. The study also incorporated the SMPL-X model, which has been widely used for human body modeling, to achieve more accurate 3D reconstruction results. The use of the MvP algorithm made it possible to observe the reconstructed object from multiple angles, thus reducing the problems of blind spots and missing information. This algorithm was able to effectively capture key point information, including the position and rotation angle of limbs, providing key data for subsequent 3D reconstruction. Compared with traditional single-view methods, the method of multi-view fusion significantly improved the accuracy and stability of reconstruction. By combining the MvP algorithm with the SMPL-X model, we successfully achieved better human body 3D reconstruction effects. The SMPL-X model is highly scalable and can generate highly realistic 3D human body models, thus providing more detail and shape information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20human%20reconstruction" title="3D human reconstruction">3D human reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-view" title=" multi-view"> multi-view</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20point" title=" joint point"> joint point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMPL-X" title=" SMPL-X"> SMPL-X</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173747/3d-human-body-reconstruction-based-on-multiple-viewpoints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30202</span> Development of a Human Vibration Model Considering Muscles and Stiffness of Intervertebral Discs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Nam%20Jo">Young Nam Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moon%20Jeong%20Kang"> Moon Jeong Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Hee%20Yoo"> Hong Hee Yoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most human vibration models have been modeled as a multibody system consisting of some rigid bodies and spring-dampers. These models are developed for certain posture and conditions. So, the models cannot be used in vibration analysis in various posture and conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop a human vibration model that represent human vibration characteristics under various conditions by employing a musculoskeletal model. To do this, the human vibration model is developed based on biomechanical models. In addition, muscle models are employed instead of spring-dampers. Activations of muscles are controlled by PD controller to maintain body posture under vertical vibration is applied. Each gain value of the controller is obtained to minimize the difference of apparent mass and acceleration transmissibility between experim ent and analysis by using an optimization method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20vibration%20analysis" title="human vibration analysis">human vibration analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hill%20type%20muscle%20model" title=" hill type muscle model"> hill type muscle model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PD%20control" title=" PD control"> PD control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole-body%20vibration" title=" whole-body vibration"> whole-body vibration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34177/development-of-a-human-vibration-model-considering-muscles-and-stiffness-of-intervertebral-discs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30201</span> Impact of Obesity on Human Body Biomechanics and Sitting Posture Stability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Ahmed%20Mohamed%20Elshourbagy">Salah Ahmed Mohamed Elshourbagy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper presents a biomechanical model that investigates the impact of obesity on the dynamic response of the seated human body to vertical vibrations. Utilizing the Multibody Dynamics interface, the study simulates various components and connections within the human body to analyze whole-body vibrations (WBV). The findings indicate that an increase in thigh mass enhances vertical rotational movement and apparent mass at peak frequencies, with vibration decay observed up to a specific threshold. Notably, as thigh mass increases, the original stability of the system is maintained without further escalation. In contrast, torso mass positively influences vertical transmissibility, while peak values for rotational transmissibility decrease. Additionally, changes in mass significantly affect the frequency of apparent mass, highlighting a complex interplay among different body segments. The study also notes that increased acceleration elevates vertical transmissibility frequency while reducing rotational transmissibility frequency. These results underscore the intricate relationships and distinct effects that varying masses exert on different regions of the human body, providing valuable insights into biomechanics and postural stability in individuals with obesity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanical%20model" title="biomechanical model">biomechanical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20vibrations" title=" vertical vibrations"> vertical vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seated%20human%20body" title=" seated human body"> seated human body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole-body%20vibrations" title=" whole-body vibrations"> whole-body vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multibody%20dynamics" title=" multibody dynamics"> multibody dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thigh%20mass" title=" thigh mass"> thigh mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torso%20mass" title=" torso mass"> torso mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20transmissibility" title=" vertical transmissibility"> vertical transmissibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotational%20transmissibility" title=" rotational transmissibility"> rotational transmissibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apparent%20mass" title=" apparent mass"> apparent mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posture%20stability" title=" posture stability"> posture stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198416/impact-of-obesity-on-human-body-biomechanics-and-sitting-posture-stability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30200</span> Virtual Test Model for Qualification of Knee Prosthesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Zehouani">K. Zehouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Oldal"> I. Oldal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: In the human knee joint, degenerative joint disease may happen with time. The standard treatment of this disease is the total knee replacement through prosthesis implanting. The reason lies in the fact that this phenomenon causes different material abrasion as compare to pure sliding or rolling alone. This study focuses on developing a knee prosthesis geometry, which fulfills the mechanical and kinematical requirements. Method: The MSC ADAMS program is used to describe the rotation of the human knee joint as a function of flexion, and to investigate how the flexion and rotation movement changes between the condyles of a multi-body model of the knee prosthesis as a function of flexion angle (in the functional arc of the knee (20-120º)). Moreover, the multi-body model with identical boundary conditions is constituted, and the numerical simulations are carried out using the MSC ADAMS program system. Results: It is concluded that the use of the multi-body model reduces time and cost since it does not need to manufacture the tibia and the femur as it requires for the knee prosthesis of the test machine. Moreover, without measuring or by dispensing with a test machine for the knee prosthesis geometry, approximation of the results of our model to a human knee is carried out directly. Conclusion: The pattern obtained by the multi-body model provides an insight for future experimental tests related to the rotation and flexion of the knee joint concerning the actual average and friction load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanics" title="biomechanics">biomechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20joint" title=" knee joint"> knee joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotation" title=" rotation"> rotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexion" title=" flexion"> flexion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematics" title=" kinematics"> kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSC%20ADAMS" title=" MSC ADAMS"> MSC ADAMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114701/virtual-test-model-for-qualification-of-knee-prosthesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30199</span> A United Nations Safety Compliant Urban Vehicle Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelo%20R.%20G.%20Duarte">Marcelo R. G. Duarte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcilio%20Alves"> Marcilio Alves</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pedestrians are the fourth group among road traffic users that most suffer accidents. Their death rate is even higher than the motorcyclists group. This gives motivation for the development of an urban vehicle capable of complying with the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe pedestrian regulations. The conceptual vehicle is capable of transporting two passengers and small parcels for 100 km at a maximum speed of 90 km/h. This paper presents the design of this vehicle using the finite element method specially in connection with frontal crash test and car to pedestrian collision. The simulation is based in a human body FE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20urban%20vehicle" title="electric urban vehicle">electric urban vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20human%20body%20model" title=" global human body model"> global human body model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20safety" title=" pedestrian safety"> pedestrian safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131662/a-united-nations-safety-compliant-urban-vehicle-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30198</span> Multiscale Model of Blast Explosion Human Injury Biomechanics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20K.%20Gupta">Raj K. Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20Gary%20Tan"> X. Gary Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrzej%20Przekwas"> Andrzej Przekwas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bomb blasts from Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) account for vast majority of terrorist attacks worldwide. Injuries caused by IEDs result from a combination of the primary blast wave, penetrating fragments, and human body accelerations and impacts. This paper presents a multiscale computational model of coupled blast physics, whole human body biodynamics and injury biomechanics of sensitive organs. The disparity of the involved space- and time-scales is used to conduct sequential modeling of an IED explosion event, CFD simulation of blast loads on the human body and FEM modeling of body biodynamics and injury biomechanics. The paper presents simulation results for blast-induced brain injury coupling macro-scale brain biomechanics and micro-scale response of sensitive neuro-axonal structures. Validation results on animal models and physical surrogates are discussed. Results of our model can be used to 'replicate' filed blast loadings in laboratory controlled experiments using animal models and in vitro neuro-cultures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20waves" title="blast waves">blast waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvised%20explosive%20devices" title=" improvised explosive devices"> improvised explosive devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury%20biomechanics" title=" injury biomechanics"> injury biomechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20models" title=" mathematical models"> mathematical models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traumatic%20brain%20injury" title=" traumatic brain injury"> traumatic brain injury</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56654/multiscale-model-of-blast-explosion-human-injury-biomechanics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30197</span> A Human Centered Design of an Exoskeleton Using Multibody Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastian%20K%C3%B6lbl">Sebastian Kölbl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Reitmaier"> Thomas Reitmaier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathias%20Hartmann"> Mathias Hartmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trial and error approaches to adapt wearable support structures to human physiology are time consuming and elaborate. However, during preliminary design, the focus lies on understanding the interaction between exoskeleton and the human body in terms of forces and moments, namely body mechanics. For the study at hand, a multi-body simulation approach has been enhanced to evaluate actual forces and moments in a human dummy model with and without a digital mock-up of an active exoskeleton. Therefore, different motion data have been gathered and processed to perform a musculosceletal analysis. The motion data are ground reaction forces, electromyography data (EMG) and human motion data recorded with a marker-based motion capture system. Based on the experimental data, the response of the human dummy model has been calibrated. Subsequently, the scalable human dummy model, in conjunction with the motion data, is connected with the exoskeleton structure. The results of the human-machine interaction (HMI) simulation platform are in particular resulting contact forces and human joint forces to compare with admissible values with regard to the human physiology. Furthermore, it provides feedback for the sizing of the exoskeleton structure in terms of resulting interface forces (stress justification) and the effect of its compliance. A stepwise approach for the setup and validation of the modeling strategy is presented and the potential for a more time and cost-effective development of wearable support structures is outlined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assistive%20devices" title="assistive devices">assistive devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomic%20design" title=" ergonomic design"> ergonomic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20dynamics" title=" inverse dynamics"> inverse dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20kinematics" title=" inverse kinematics"> inverse kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multibody%20simulation" title=" multibody simulation"> multibody simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151467/a-human-centered-design-of-an-exoskeleton-using-multibody-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30196</span> Measuring the Height of a Person in Closed Circuit Television Video Footage Using 3D Human Body Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dojoon%20Jung">Dojoon Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiwoong%20Moon"> Kiwoong Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joong%20Lee"> Joong Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The height of criminals is one of the important clues that can determine the scope of the suspect's search or exclude the suspect from the search target. Although measuring the height of criminals by video alone is limited by various reasons, the 3D data of the scene and the Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) footage are matched, the height of the criminal can be measured. However, it is still difficult to measure the height of CCTV footage in the non-contact type measurement method because of variables such as position, posture, and head shape of criminals. In this paper, we propose a method of matching the CCTV footage with the 3D data on the crime scene and measuring the height of the person using the 3D human body model in the matched data. In the proposed method, the height is measured by using 3D human model in various scenes of the person in the CCTV footage, and the measurement value of the target person is corrected by the measurement error of the replay CCTV footage of the reference person. We tested for 20 people's walking CCTV footage captured from an indoor and an outdoor and corrected the measurement values with 5 reference persons. Experimental results show that the measurement error (true value-measured value) average is 0.45 cm, and this method is effective for the measurement of the person's height in CCTV footage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20height" title="human height">human height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCTV%20footage" title=" CCTV footage"> CCTV footage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%2F3D%20matching" title=" 2D/3D matching"> 2D/3D matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20human%20body%20model" title=" 3D human body model"> 3D human body model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93625/measuring-the-height-of-a-person-in-closed-circuit-television-video-footage-using-3d-human-body-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30195</span> Application of Smplify-X Algorithm with Enhanced Gender Classifier in 3D Human Pose Estimation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiahe%20Liu">Jiahe Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongyang%20Yu"> Hongyang Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miao%20Luo"> Miao Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Qian"> Feng Qian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The widespread application of 3D human body reconstruction spans various fields. Smplify-X, an algorithm reliant on single-image input, employs three distinct body parameter templates, necessitating gender classification of individuals within the input image. Researchers employed a ResNet18 network to train a gender classifier within the Smplify-X framework, setting the threshold at 0.9, designating images falling below this threshold as having neutral gender. This model achieved 62.38% accurate predictions and 7.54% incorrect predictions. Our improvement involved refining the MobileNet network, resulting in a raised threshold of 0.97. Consequently, we attained 78.89% accurate predictions and a mere 0.2% incorrect predictions, markedly enhancing prediction precision and enabling more precise 3D human body reconstruction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMPLX" title="SMPLX">SMPLX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobileNet" title=" mobileNet"> mobileNet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20classification" title=" gender classification"> gender classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20human%20reconstruction" title=" 3D human reconstruction"> 3D human reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183520/application-of-smplify-x-algorithm-with-enhanced-gender-classifier-in-3d-human-pose-estimation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30194</span> Finite Element Modeling of a Lower Limb Based on the East Asian Body Characteristics for Pedestrian Protection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xianping%20Du">Xianping Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runlu%20Miao"> Runlu Miao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanjun%20Zhang"> Guanjun Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libo%20Cao"> Libo Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Zhu"> Feng Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current vehicle safety standards and human body injury criteria were established based on the biomechanical response of Euro-American human body, without considering the difference in the body anthropometry and injury characteristics among different races, particularly the East Asian people with smaller body size. Absence of such race specific design considerations will negatively influence the protective performance of safety products for these populations, and weaken the accuracy of injury thresholds derived. To resolve these issues, in this study, we aim to develop a race specific finite element model to simulate the impact response of the lower extremity of a 50th percentile East Asian (Chinese) male. The model was built based on medical images for the leg of an average size Chinese male and slightly adjusted based on the statistical data. The model includes detailed anatomic features and is able to simulate the muscle active force. Thirteen biomechanical tests available in the literature were used to validate its biofidelity. Using the validated model, a pedestrian-car impact accident taking place in China was re-constructed computationally. The results show that the newly developed lower leg model has a good performance in predicting dynamic response and tibia fracture pattern. An additional comparison on the fracture tolerance of the East Asian and Euro-American lower limb suggests that the current injury criterion underestimates the degree of injury of East Asian human body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20limb" title="lower limb">lower limb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=East%20Asian%20body%20characteristics" title=" East Asian body characteristics"> East Asian body characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20accident%20reconstruction" title=" traffic accident reconstruction"> traffic accident reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury%20tolerance" title=" injury tolerance"> injury tolerance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67879/finite-element-modeling-of-a-lower-limb-based-on-the-east-asian-body-characteristics-for-pedestrian-protection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30193</span> Hydrodynamics of Wound Ballistics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harpreet%20Kaur">Harpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Er.%20Arjun"> Er. Arjun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirandeep%20Kaur"> Kirandeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20K.%20Mittal"> P. K. Mittal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Simulation of a human body from a 20% gelatin & 80% water mixture is examined from a wound ballistics point of view. Parameters such as incapacitation energy & temporary to permanent cavity size & tools of hydrodynamics have been employed to arrive at a model of the human body similar to the one adopted by NATO. Calculations using equations of motion yield a value of 339 µs in which a temporary cavity with maximum size settles down to a permanent cavity. This occurs for 10mm size bullets & settles down to a permanent cavity in the case of 4 different bullets, i.e., 5.45, 5.56, 7.62,10 mm sizes. The obtained results are in excellent agreement with the body as a right circular cylinder of 15 cm height & 10 cm diameter. An effort is made here in this work to present a sound theoretical base to parameters commonly used in wound ballistics from field experience discussed by Col Coats & Major Beyer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatine" title="gelatine">gelatine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gunshot" title=" gunshot"> gunshot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamic%20model" title=" hydrodynamic model"> hydrodynamic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillation%20time" title=" oscillation time"> oscillation time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporary%20and%20permanent%20cavity" title=" temporary and permanent cavity"> temporary and permanent cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20ballistics" title=" wound ballistics"> wound ballistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173570/hydrodynamics-of-wound-ballistics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30192</span> Stability Analysis of a Human-Mosquito Model of Malaria with Infective Immigrants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisha%20Budhwar">Nisha Budhwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunita%20Daniel"> Sunita Daniel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we analyse the stability of the SEIR model of malaria with infective immigrants which was recently formulated by the authors. The model consists of an SEIR model for the human population and SI Model for the mosquitoes. Susceptible humans become infected after they are bitten by infectious mosquitoes and move on to the Exposed, Infected and Recovered classes respectively. The susceptible mosquito becomes infected after biting an infected person and remains infected till death. We calculate the reproduction number R0 using the next generation method and then discuss about the stability of the equilibrium points. We use the Lyapunov function to show the global stability of the equilibrium points. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium%20points" title="equilibrium points">equilibrium points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposed" title=" exposed"> exposed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20stability" title=" global stability"> global stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infective%20immigrants" title=" infective immigrants"> infective immigrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov%20function" title=" Lyapunov function"> Lyapunov function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovered" title=" recovered"> recovered</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproduction%20number" title=" reproduction number"> reproduction number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptible" title=" susceptible"> susceptible</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60608/stability-analysis-of-a-human-mosquito-model-of-malaria-with-infective-immigrants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30191</span> SAR and B₁ Considerations for Multi-Nuclear RF Body Coils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ria%20Forner">Ria Forner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Due to increases in the SNR at 7T and above, it becomes more favourable to make use of X-nuclear imaging. Integrated body coils tuned to 120MHz for 31P, 79MHz for 23Na, and 75 MHz for 13C at 7T were simulated with a human male, female, or child body model to assess strategies of use for metabolic MR imaging in the body. Methods: B1 and SAR efficiencies in the heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys were assessed using numerical simulations over the three frequencies with phase shimming. Results: B1+ efficiency is highly variable over the different organs, particularly for the highest frequency; however, local SAR efficiency remains relatively constant over the frequencies in all subjects. Although the optimal phase settings vary, one generic phase setting can be identified for each frequency at which the penalty in B1+ is at a max of 10%. Discussion: The simulations provide practical strategies for power optimization, B1 management, and maintaining safety. As expected, the B1 field is similar at 75MHz and 79MHz, but reduced at 120MHz. However, the B1 remains relatively constant when normalised by the square root of the peak local SAR. This is in contradiction to generalized SAR considerations of 1H MRI at different field strengths, which is defined by global SAR instead. Conclusion: Although the B1 decreases with frequency, SAR efficiency remains constant throughout the investigated frequency range. It is possible to shim the body coil to obtain a maximum of 10% extra B1+ in a specific organ in a body when compared to a generic setting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birdcage" title="birdcage">birdcage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-nuclear" title=" multi-nuclear"> multi-nuclear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B1%20shimming" title=" B1 shimming"> B1 shimming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=7%20Tesla%20MRI" title=" 7 Tesla MRI"> 7 Tesla MRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver" title=" liver"> liver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidneys" title=" kidneys"> kidneys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart" title=" heart"> heart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spleen" title=" spleen"> spleen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183402/sar-and-b1-considerations-for-multi-nuclear-rf-body-coils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30190</span> Mathematical Modeling of Human Cardiovascular System: A Lumped Parameter Approach and Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ketan%20Naik">Ketan Naik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20H.%20Bhathawala"> P. H. Bhathawala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this work is to develop a mathematical model of Human Cardiovascular System using lumped parameter method. The model is divided in three parts: Systemic Circulation, Pulmonary Circulation and the Heart. The established mathematical model has been simulated by MATLAB software. The innovation of this study is in describing the system based on the vessel diameters and simulating mathematical equations with active electrical elements. Terminology of human physical body and required physical data like vessel’s radius, thickness etc., which are required to calculate circuit parameters like resistance, inductance and capacitance, are proceeds from well-known medical books. The developed model is useful to understand the anatomic of human cardiovascular system and related syndromes. The model is deal with vessel’s pressure and blood flow at certain time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20system" title="cardiovascular system">cardiovascular system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumped%20parameter%20method" title=" lumped parameter method"> lumped parameter method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57520/mathematical-modeling-of-human-cardiovascular-system-a-lumped-parameter-approach-and-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30189</span> Human Security as a Tool of Protecting International Human Rights Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arenca%20Trashani">Arenca Trashani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 20 years after its first entrance in a General Assembly of the United Nation’s Resolution, human security has became a very important tool in a global debate affecting directly the whole main rules and regulations in international law and more closely in international human rights law. This paper will cover a very important issue of today at how the human security has its impact to the development of international human rights law, not as far as a challenge as it is seen up now but a tool of moving toward development and globalization. In order to analyze the impact of human security to the global agenda, we need to look to the main pillars of the international legal order which are affected by the human security in itself and its application in the policy making for this international legal order global and regional ones. This paper will focus, also, on human security, as a new and very important tool of measuring development, stability and the level of democratic consolidation and the respect for human rights especially in developing countries such as Albania. The states are no longer capable to monopolize the use of human security just within their boundaries and separated from the other principles of a functioning democracy. In this context, human security would be best guaranteed under the respect of the rule of law and democratization. During the last two decades the concept security has broadly developed, from a state-centric to a more human-centric approach: from state security to respect for human rights, to economic security, to environmental security as well. Last but not least we would see that human rights could be affected by human security not just at their promotion but also at their enforcement and mainly at the international institutions, which are entitled to promote and to protect human rights. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20security" title="human security">human security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20human%20rights%20law" title=" international human rights law"> international human rights law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albania" title=" Albania"> Albania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23648/human-security-as-a-tool-of-protecting-international-human-rights-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">762</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30188</span> Review of the Software Used for 3D Volumetric Reconstruction of the Liver</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Strakos">P. Strakos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jaros"> M. Jaros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Karasek"> T. Karasek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Kozubek"> T. Kozubek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Vavra"> P. Vavra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Jonszta"> T. Jonszta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In medical imaging, segmentation of different areas of human body like bones, organs, tissues, etc. is an important issue. Image segmentation allows isolating the object of interest for further processing that can lead for example to 3D model reconstruction of whole organs. Difficulty of this procedure varies from trivial for bones to quite difficult for organs like liver. The liver is being considered as one of the most difficult human body organ to segment. It is mainly for its complexity, shape versatility and proximity of other organs and tissues. Due to this facts usually substantial user effort has to be applied to obtain satisfactory results of the image segmentation. Process of image segmentation then deteriorates from automatic or semi-automatic to fairly manual one. In this paper, overview of selected available software applications that can handle semi-automatic image segmentation with further 3D volume reconstruction of human liver is presented. The applications are being evaluated based on the segmentation results of several consecutive DICOM images covering the abdominal area of the human body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20segmentation" title="image segmentation">image segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-automatic" title=" semi-automatic"> semi-automatic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software" title=" software"> software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20volumetric%20reconstruction" title=" 3D volumetric reconstruction"> 3D volumetric reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23701/review-of-the-software-used-for-3d-volumetric-reconstruction-of-the-liver" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30187</span> Hydrodynamics of Wound Ballistics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harpreet%20Kaur">Harpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Er.%20Arjun"> Er. Arjun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirandeep%20Kaur"> Kirandeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20K.%20Mittal"> P. K. Mittal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Simulation of a human body from 20% gelatin & 80% water mixture is examined from wound ballistics point of view. Parameters such as incapacitation energy & temporary to permanent cavity size & tools of hydrodynamics have been employed to arrive at a model of human body similar to the one adopted by NATO. Calculations using equations of motion yield a value of 339 µs in which a temporary cavity with maximum size settles down to permanent cavity. This occurs for a 10mm size bullets & settle down to permanent cavity in case of 4 different bullets i.e. 5.45, 5.56, 7.62,10 mm sizes The obtained results are in excellent agreement with the body as right circular cylinder of 15 cm height & 10 cm diameter. An effort is made here in this work to present a sound theoretical base to parameters commonly used in wound ballistics from field experience discussed by Col Coats & Major Beyer. Keywords. Gelatin, gunshot, hydrodynamic model, oscillation time, temporary cavity and permanent cavity, Wound Ballistic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatin" title="gelatin">gelatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gunshot" title=" gunshot"> gunshot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound" title=" wound"> wound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavity" title=" cavity"> cavity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175051/hydrodynamics-of-wound-ballistics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30186</span> Lyapunov Functions for Extended Ross Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahele%20Mosleh">Rahele Mosleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper gives a survey of results on global stability of extended Ross model for malaria by constructing some elegant Lyapunov functions for two cases of epidemic, including disease-free and endemic occasions. The model is a nonlinear seven-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations that simulates this phenomenon in a more realistic fashion. We discuss the existence of positive disease-free and endemic equilibrium points of the model. It is stated that extended Ross model possesses invariant solutions for human and mosquito in a specific domain of the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20stability" title="global stability">global stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invariant%20solutions" title=" invariant solutions"> invariant solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov%20function" title=" Lyapunov function"> Lyapunov function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stationary%20points" title=" stationary points"> stationary points</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125446/lyapunov-functions-for-extended-ross-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30185</span> Modeling of Drug Distribution in the Human Vitreous</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Judith%20Stein">Judith Stein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elfriede%20Friedmann"> Elfriede Friedmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The injection of a drug into the vitreous body for the treatment of retinal diseases like wet aged-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common medical intervention worldwide. We develop mathematical models for drug transport in the vitreous body of a human eye to analyse the impact of different rheological models of the vitreous on drug distribution. In addition to the convection diffusion equation characterizing the drug spreading, we use porous media modeling for the healthy vitreous with a dense collagen network and include the steady permeating flow of the aqueous humor described by Darcy's law driven by a pressure drop. Additionally, the vitreous body in a healthy human eye behaves like a viscoelastic gel through the collagen fibers suspended in the network of hyaluronic acid and acts as a drug depot for the treatment of retinal diseases. In a completely liquefied vitreous, we couple the drug diffusion with the classical Navier-Stokes flow equations. We prove the global existence and uniqueness of the weak solution of the developed initial-boundary value problem describing the drug distribution in the healthy vitreous considering the permeating aqueous humor flow in the realistic three-dimensional setting. In particular, for the drug diffusion equation, results from the literature are extended from homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions to our mixed boundary conditions that describe the eye with the Galerkin's method using Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and trace theorem. Because there is only a small effective drug concentration range and higher concentrations may be toxic, the ability to model the drug transport could improve the therapy by considering patient individual differences and give a better understanding of the physiological and pathological processes in the vitreous. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20PDE%20systems" title="coupled PDE systems">coupled PDE systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20diffusion" title=" drug diffusion"> drug diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20boundary%20conditions" title=" mixed boundary conditions"> mixed boundary conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitreous%20body" title=" vitreous body"> vitreous body</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133157/modeling-of-drug-distribution-in-the-human-vitreous" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30184</span> Wireless Capsule Endoscope - Antenna and Channel Characterization </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Elhelbawy">Mona Elhelbawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mac%20Gray"> Mac Gray</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditional wired endoscopy is an intrusive process that requires a long flexible tube to be inserted through the patient’s mouth while intravenously sedated. Only images of the upper 4 feet of stomach, colon, and rectum can be captured, leaving the remaining 20 feet of small intestines. Wireless capsule endoscopy offers a painless, non-intrusive, efficient and effective alternative to traditional endoscopy. In wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE), ingestible vitamin-pill-shaped capsules with imaging capabilities, sensors, batteries, and antennas are designed to send images of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in real time. In this paper, we investigate the radiation performance and specific absorption rate (SAR) of a miniature conformal capsule antenna operating at the Medical Implant Communication Service (MICS) frequency band in the human body. We perform numerical simulations using the finite element method based commercial software, high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and the ANSYS human body model (HBM). We also investigate the in-body channel characteristics between the implantable capsule and an external antenna placed on the surface of the human body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEEE%20802.15.6" title="IEEE 802.15.6">IEEE 802.15.6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MICS" title=" MICS"> MICS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAR" title=" SAR"> SAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WCE" title=" WCE"> WCE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129035/wireless-capsule-endoscope-antenna-and-channel-characterization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30183</span> The Limits of Charity: Advancing a Rights-based Justice Model to Remedy Poverty and Hunger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tracy%20Smith-Carrier">Tracy Smith-Carrier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1995, the World Health Organization declared that poverty was the biggest killer and the greatest cause of suffering in the world. Income is certainly a key social determinant of health, the lack of which causes innumerable health and mental health conditions. In seeking to provide relief from financial hardship for residents within their populace, states in the Global North have largely turned to the non-profit and charitable sector. The stigma and shame of accessing charity is a significant barrier for many, but what is more problematic is that the embrace of the charitable model has let governments off the hook from responding to their international human rights obligations. Although states are signatories to various human rights treaties and conventions internationally, many of these laws have not been implemented domestically. This presentation explores the limits of the charitable model in addressing poverty in countries of the Global North. Unlike in the ages passed, when poverty was thought to be an individual problem, we now know that poverty is largely systemic in nature. In this presentation, we will identify the structural determinants of poverty, outline why people are reticent to access charitable programs and services and how income security is reproduced through the charitable model, and discuss evidence-informed solutions, such as a basic income guarantee, to move beyond the charitable model in favour of a rights-based justice model. To move beyond charity, we must demand that governments recognize our fundamental human rights and address poverty and hunger using a justice model based on substantive human rights. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20income" title="basic income">basic income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charity" title=" charity"> charity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income%20security" title=" income security"> income security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hunger" title=" hunger"> hunger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20justice" title=" social justice"> social justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151250/the-limits-of-charity-advancing-a-rights-based-justice-model-to-remedy-poverty-and-hunger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30182</span> Construction of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Index through Global Sensitivity Analysis of Radiative Transfer Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanhua%20Zhou">Guanhua Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongqi%20Ma"> Zhongqi Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in wetlands can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus effectively to prevent the eutrophication of water. It is feasible to monitor the distribution of SAV through remote sensing, but for the reason of weak vegetation signals affected by water body, traditional terrestrial vegetation indices are not applicable. This paper aims at constructing SAV index to enhance the vegetation signals and distinguish SAV from water body. The methodology is as follows: (1) select the bands sensitive to the vegetation parameters based on global sensitivity analysis of SAV canopy radiative transfer model; (2) take the soil line concept as reference, analyze the distribution of SAV and water reflectance simulated by SAV canopy model and semi-analytical water model in the two-dimensional space built by different sensitive bands; (3)select the band combinations which have better separation performance between SAV and water, and use them to build the SAVI indices in the form of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI); (4)analyze the sensitivity of indices to the water and vegetation parameters, choose the one more sensitive to vegetation parameters. It is proved that index formed of the bands with central wavelengths in 705nm and 842nm has high sensitivity to chlorophyll content in leaves while it is less affected by water constituents. The model simulation shows a general negative, little correlation of SAV index with increasing water depth. Moreover, the index enhances capabilities in separating SAV from water compared to NDVI. The SAV index is expected to have potential in parameter inversion of wetland remote sensing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20sensitivity%20analysis" title="global sensitivity analysis">global sensitivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiative%20transfer%20model" title=" radiative transfer model"> radiative transfer model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20aquatic%20vegetation" title=" submerged aquatic vegetation"> submerged aquatic vegetation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation%20indices" title=" vegetation indices"> vegetation indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75775/construction-of-submerged-aquatic-vegetation-index-through-global-sensitivity-analysis-of-radiative-transfer-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30181</span> Overview of Wireless Body Area Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashi%20Jain">Rashi Jain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is an emerging interdisciplinary area where small sensors are placed on/within the human body. These sensors monitor the physiological activities and vital statistics of the body. The data from these sensors is aggregated and communicated to a remote doctor for immediate attention or to a database for records. On 6 Feb 2012, the IEEE 802.15.6 task group approved the standard for Body Area Network (BAN) technologies. The standard proposes the physical and MAC layer for the WBANs. The work provides an introduction to WBANs and overview of the physical and MAC layers of the standard. The physical layer specifications have been covered. A comparison of different protocols used at MAC layer is drawn. An introduction to the network layer and security aspects of the WBANs is made. The WBANs suffer certain limitations such as regulation of frequency bands, minimizing the effect of transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals on the human body, maintaining the energy efficiency among others. This has slowed down their implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20networks" title="vehicular networks">vehicular networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors" title=" sensors"> sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MicroController%208085" title=" MicroController 8085"> MicroController 8085</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LTE" title=" LTE"> LTE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53455/overview-of-wireless-body-area-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30180</span> Design and Development of the Force Plate for the Study of Driving-Point Biodynamic Responses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikas%20Kumar">Vikas Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20H.%20Saran"> V. H. Saran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpit%20Mathur"> Arpit Mathur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avik%20Kathuria"> Avik Kathuria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evaluation of biodynamic responses of the human body to whole body vibration exposure is necessary to quantify the exposure effects. A force plate model has been designed with the help of CAD software, which was investigated by performing the modal, stress and strain analysis using finite element approach in the software. The results of the modal, stress and strain analysis were under the limits for measurements of biodynamic responses to whole body vibration. The physical model of the force plate was manufactured and fixed to the vibration simulator and further used in the experimentation for the evaluation of apparent mass responses of the ten recruited subjects standing in an erect posture exposed to vertical whole body vibration. The platform was excited with sinusoidal vibration at vibration magnitude: 1.0 and 1.5 m/s2 rms at different frequency of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12.5, 16 and 20 Hz. The results of magnitude of normalised apparent mass have shown the trend observed in the many past studies. The peak in the normalised apparent mass has been observed at 4 & 5 Hz frequency of vertical whole body vibration. The nonlinearity with respect to vibration magnitude has been also observed in the normalised apparent mass responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole%20body%20vibration" title="whole body vibration">whole body vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apparent%20mass" title=" apparent mass"> apparent mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20plate" title=" force plate"> force plate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35435/design-and-development-of-the-force-plate-for-the-study-of-driving-point-biodynamic-responses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30179</span> Towards a Computational Model of Consciousness: Global Abstraction Workspace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halim%20Djerroud">Halim Djerroud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20Ali%20Cherif"> Arab Ali Cherif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We assume that conscious functions are implemented automatically. In other words that consciousness as well as the non-consciousness aspect of human thought, planning, and perception, are produced by biologically adaptive algorithms. We propose that the mechanisms of consciousness can be produced using similar adaptive algorithms to those executed by the mechanism. In this paper, we propose a computational model of consciousness, the ”Global Abstraction Workspace” which is an internal environmental modelling perceived as a multi-agent system. This system is able to evolve and generate new data and processes as well as actions in the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20consciousness" title="artificial consciousness">artificial consciousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20architecture" title=" cognitive architecture"> cognitive architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20abstraction%20workspace" title=" global abstraction workspace"> global abstraction workspace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-agent%20system" title=" multi-agent system"> multi-agent system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63955/towards-a-computational-model-of-consciousness-global-abstraction-workspace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30178</span> Development of an Image-Based Biomechanical Model for Assessment of Hip Fracture Risk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Nasiri%20Sarvi">Masoud Nasiri Sarvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunhua%20Luo"> Yunhua Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low-trauma hip fracture, usually caused by fall from standing height, has become a main source of morbidity and mortality for the elderly. Factors affecting hip fracture include sex, race, age, body weight, height, body mass distribution, etc., and thus, hip fracture risk in fall differs widely from subject to subject. It is therefore necessary to develop a subject-specific biomechanical model to predict hip fracture risk. The objective of this study is to develop a two-level, image-based, subject-specific biomechanical model consisting of a whole-body dynamics model and a proximal-femur finite element (FE) model for more accurately assessing the risk of hip fracture in lateral falls. Required information for constructing the model is extracted from a whole-body and a hip DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) image of the subject. The proposed model considers all parameters subject-specifically, which will provide a fast, accurate, and non-expensive method for predicting hip fracture risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20mineral%20density" title="bone mineral density">bone mineral density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip%20fracture%20risk" title=" hip fracture risk"> hip fracture risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20force" title=" impact force"> impact force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sideways%20falls" title=" sideways falls "> sideways falls </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34060/development-of-an-image-based-biomechanical-model-for-assessment-of-hip-fracture-risk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34060.pdf" target="_blank" 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