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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Internet Explorer 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Internet Explorer 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Internet Explorer 3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Internet Explorer 4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Internet Explorer 5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Internet Explorer 6</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Internet Explorer 7</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Internet Explorer 8</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Internet Explorer 9</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Internet Explorer 10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer_11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer_11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Internet Explorer 11</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer_11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>End of life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standards_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Standards support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-standard_extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-standard_extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Non-standard extensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-standard_extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Favicon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Favicon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Favicon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Favicon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usability_and_accessibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usability_and_accessibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Usability and accessibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usability_and_accessibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cache" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cache"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Cache</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cache-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Group_Policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Group_Policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Group Policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Group_Policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extensibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extensibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Extensibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extensibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Security-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Security subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Security_vulnerabilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_vulnerabilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Security vulnerabilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_vulnerabilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vulnerability_exploited_in_attacks_on_U.S._firms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vulnerability_exploited_in_attacks_on_U.S._firms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Vulnerability exploited in attacks on U.S. firms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vulnerability_exploited_in_attacks_on_U.S._firms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_vulnerability_across_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_vulnerability_across_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Major vulnerability across versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_vulnerability_across_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market_adoption_and_usage_share" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_adoption_and_usage_share"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Market adoption and usage share</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Market_adoption_and_usage_share-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Market adoption and usage share subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Market_adoption_and_usage_share-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industry_adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry_adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Industry adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry_adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Removal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Removal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impersonation_by_malware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impersonation_by_malware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Impersonation by malware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impersonation_by_malware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet Explorer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 91 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Internet_Explorer" title="Windows Internet Explorer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Windows Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B1" title="إنترنت إكسبلورر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنترنت إكسبلورر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0" title="इंटरनेट एक्स्प्लोरर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इंटरनेट एक्स्प्लोरर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ইন্টারনেট এক্সপ্লোরার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্টারনেট এক্সপ্লোরার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0" title="इंटरनेट एक्सप्लोरर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इंटरनेट एक्सप्लोरर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B1" title="اینترنت اکسپلورر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینترنت اکسپلورر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%84%B7_%EC%9D%B5%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%9F%AC" title="인터넷 익스플로러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인터넷 익스플로러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF_%D4%B7%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ինտերնետ Էքսպլորեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինտերնետ Էքսպլորեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0" title="इण्टरनेट ऍक्सप्लोरर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इण्टरनेट ऍक्सप्लोरर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Internet_Explorer" title="Windows Internet Explorer – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Windows Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A8" title="אינטרנט אקספלורר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אינטרנט אקספלורר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A0%D9%B9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="اِنٹَرنؠٹ ایکسپلورَر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنٹَرنؠٹ ایکسپلورَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Internet_Explorer" title="Windows Internet Explorer – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Windows Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് എക്സ്‌പ്ലോറർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് എക്സ്‌പ്ലോറർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0" title="इंटरनेट एक्सप्लोरर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंटरनेट एक्सप्लोरर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0" title="इन्टरनेट एक्सप्लोरर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इन्टरनेट एक्सप्लोरर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="ඉන්ටර්නෙට් එක්ස්ප්ලෝරර් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්ටර්නෙට් එක්ස්ප්ලෝරර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8E%D8%AA_%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%B1" title="ئینتەرنێت ئێکسپلۆرەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینتەرنێت ئێکسپلۆرەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இண்டர்நெட் எக்சுபுளோரர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இண்டர்நெட் எக்சுபுளோரர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇంటర్నెట్ ఎక్స్‌ప్లోరర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంటర్నెట్ ఎక్స్‌ప్లోరర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อินเทอร์เน็ตเอกซ์พลอเรอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อินเทอร์เน็ตเอกซ์พลอเรอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%98_%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="אינטערנעט עקספלארער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינטערנעט עקספלארער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Internet Explorer" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Web browser series by Microsoft</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For variants, see <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_Mac" title="Internet Explorer for Mac">Internet Explorer for Mac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_UNIX" title="Internet Explorer for UNIX">Internet Explorer for UNIX</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_Mobile" title="Internet Explorer Mobile">Internet Explorer Mobile</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Internet Explorer</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Internet_Explorer_10%2B11_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Small blue "e" letter with a blue aureola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Internet_Explorer_10%2B11_logo.svg/70px-Internet_Explorer_10%2B11_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Internet_Explorer_10%2B11_logo.svg/105px-Internet_Explorer_10%2B11_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Internet_Explorer_10%2B11_logo.svg/140px-Internet_Explorer_10%2B11_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="219" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since 2011</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Internet_Explorer_11_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Internet_Explorer_11_screenshot.png/250px-Internet_Explorer_11_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Internet_Explorer_11_screenshot.png/330px-Internet_Explorer_11_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Internet_Explorer_11_screenshot.png/500px-Internet_Explorer_11_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="347" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Screenshot of <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_11" title="Internet Explorer 11">Internet Explorer 11</a> running on <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a>, showing the <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">Main Page</a> of the <a href="/wiki/English_Wikipedia" title="English Wikipedia">English Wikipedia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Microsoft Internet Explorer (versions 1–6)<br />Windows Internet Explorer (versions 7–9)<br />IE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reardon" title="Thomas Reardon">Thomas Reardon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">August 24, 1995<span class="noprint">; 29 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1995-08-24</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (included with Plus! for Windows 95)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_engine" title="Software engine">Engines</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MSHTML" class="mw-redirect" title="MSHTML">MSHTML</a> (Trident), <a href="/wiki/Chakra_(JScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JScript engine)">Chakra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> <small>(previously supported: <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARMv7" class="mw-redirect" title="ARMv7">ARMv7</a> <small> (previously supported: <a href="/wiki/MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/DEC_Alpha" title="DEC Alpha">Alpha</a>, <a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a>, <a href="/wiki/68k" class="mw-redirect" title="68k">68k</a>, <a href="/wiki/SPARC" title="SPARC">SPARC</a>, <a href="/wiki/PA-RISC" title="PA-RISC">PA-RISC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Included with</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Plus!" title="Microsoft Plus!">Microsoft Plus!</a> for <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a></li> <li>Windows 95 OSR1 or later</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a> through <a href="/wiki/Windows_10,_version_21H2" title="Windows 10, version 21H2">Windows 10 version 21H2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_7" title="Windows Phone 7">Windows Phone 7</a> through <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8.1" title="Windows Phone 8.1">Windows Phone 8.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_8.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS 8.1">Mac OS 8.1</a> through <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X 10.2">Mac OS X 10.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zune_HD" title="Zune HD">Zune HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_(series_of_web_browsers)" title="Microsoft Edge (series of web browsers)">Microsoft Edge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Standard</a>(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSS3" class="mw-redirect" title="CSS3">CSS3</a>, <a href="/wiki/WOFF" class="mw-redirect" title="WOFF">WOFF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a>, <a href="/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atom_(standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (standard)">Atom</a>, <a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">95 languages<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_reader" class="mw-redirect" title="Feed reader">Feed reader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a>, <a href="/wiki/End-user_license_agreement" title="End-user license agreement">requires</a> a Windows license<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://microsoft.com/ie">microsoft<wbr />.com<wbr />/ie</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Internet Explorer</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (formerly <b>Microsoft Internet Explorer</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>Windows Internet Explorer</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commonly abbreviated as <b>IE</b> or <b>MSIE</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Deprecation" title="Deprecation">retired</a> series of <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical</a> <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> that were used in the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> line of <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>. While IE has been discontinued on most Windows editions, it remains supported on certain editions of Windows, such as <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_editions#Organizational_editions" title="Windows 10 editions">Windows 10 LTSB/LTSC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-discontinued_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discontinued-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in 1995, it was first released as part of the add-on package <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Plus!" title="Microsoft Plus!">Plus! for Windows 95</a> that year. Later versions were available as free downloads or in-<a href="/wiki/Service_pack" title="Service pack">service packs</a> and included in the <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">original equipment manufacturer</a> (OEM) service releases of Windows 95 and later versions of Windows. Microsoft spent over <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$100 million</span> per year on Internet Explorer in the late 1990s,<sup id="cite_ref-victor_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-victor-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with over 1,000 people involved in the project by 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-citeworld-ie-rise-fall_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citeworld-ie-rise-fall-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-justice-gov-98-1232_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justice-gov-98-1232-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New feature development for the browser was discontinued in 2016<sup id="cite_ref-is-ie-discontinued_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-ie-discontinued-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ended support on June 15, 2022 for Windows 10 Semi-Annual Channel (SAC), in favor of its successor, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_(series_of_web_browsers)" title="Microsoft Edge (series of web browsers)">Microsoft Edge</a>. </p><p>Internet Explorer was once the most widely used web browser, attaining a peak of 95% <a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers" title="Usage share of web browsers">usage share</a> by 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has since fallen out of general use after retirement. This came after Microsoft used <a href="/wiki/Product_bundling" title="Product bundling">bundling</a> to win the <a href="/wiki/First_browser_war" class="mw-redirect" title="First browser war">first browser war</a> against <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a>, which was the dominant browser in the 1990s. Its usage share has since declined with the launches of <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> (2004) and <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> (2008) and with the growing popularity of mobile operating systems such as <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> and <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> that do not support Internet Explorer. Microsoft Edge, IE's successor, first overtook Internet Explorer in terms of market share in November 2019. Versions of Internet Explorer for other operating systems have also been produced, including an <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a> version called Internet Explorer for Xbox and for platforms Microsoft no longer supports: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_Mac" title="Internet Explorer for Mac">Internet Explorer for Mac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_UNIX" title="Internet Explorer for UNIX">Internet Explorer for UNIX</a> (<a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a>), and an embedded OEM version called Pocket Internet Explorer, later rebranded <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_Mobile" title="Internet Explorer Mobile">Internet Explorer Mobile</a>, made for <a href="/wiki/Windows_CE" title="Windows CE">Windows CE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a>, and, previously, based on Internet Explorer 7, for <a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Phone 7</a>. </p><p>The browser has been scrutinized throughout its development for its use of third-party technology (such as the <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spyglass_Mosaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Spyglass Mosaic">Spyglass Mosaic</a>, used without royalty in early versions) and security and privacy <a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">vulnerabilities</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="United States v. Microsoft">the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Microsoft_competition_case#Related_investigations" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Microsoft competition case">the European Union have determined</a> that the integration of Internet Explorer with Windows has been to the detriment of fair browser competition. </p><p>The core of Internet Explorer 11 will continue being shipped and supported until at least 2029 as <i>IE Mode</i>, a feature of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a>, enabling Edge to display web pages using Internet Explorer 11's <a href="/wiki/Trident_(software)" title="Trident (software)">Trident</a> layout engine and other components.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through IE Mode, the underlying technology of Internet Explorer 11 partially exists on versions of Windows that do not support IE11 as a proper application, including newer versions of <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a>, Windows Server Insider Build 22463 and Windows Server Insider Build 25110.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Internet_Explorer" title="History of Internet Explorer">History of Internet Explorer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_version_history" title="Internet Explorer version history">Internet Explorer version history</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer_1">Internet Explorer 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Internet_Explorer_1.0.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Internet_Explorer_1.0.png/220px-Internet_Explorer_1.0.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Internet_Explorer_1.0.png/330px-Internet_Explorer_1.0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/39/Internet_Explorer_1.0.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>Internet Explorer 1</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Internet_Explorer_2_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Internet_Explorer_2_logo.png/250px-Internet_Explorer_2_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Internet_Explorer_2_logo.png/330px-Internet_Explorer_2_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Internet_Explorer_2_logo.png/500px-Internet_Explorer_2_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="165" /></a><figcaption>Logo for <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_2" title="Internet Explorer 2">Internet Explorer 2</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The Internet Explorer project was started in the summer of 1994 by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reardon" title="Thomas Reardon">Thomas Reardon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-tr35_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tr35-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who, according to former project lead Ben Slivka,<sup id="cite_ref-slivka_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slivka-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> used source code from <a href="/wiki/Spyglass,_Inc." title="Spyglass, Inc.">Spyglass, Inc.</a> Mosaic, which was an early commercial web browser with formal ties to the pioneering <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Supercomputing_Applications" title="National Center for Supercomputing Applications">National Center for Supercomputing Applications</a> (NCSA) <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic (web browser)">Mosaic</a> browser.<sup id="cite_ref-bw_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bw-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-win_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-win-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1994, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> licensed Spyglass Mosaic for a quarterly fee plus a percentage of Microsoft's non-Windows revenues for the software.<sup id="cite_ref-win_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-win-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although bearing a name similar to NCSA Mosaic, Spyglass Mosaic had used the NCSA Mosaic source code sparingly.<sup id="cite_ref-ericsink1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ericsink1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first version, dubbed Microsoft Internet Explorer, was installed as part of the <i>Internet Jumpstart Kit</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Plus!" title="Microsoft Plus!">Microsoft Plus!</a> pack for <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mshistory_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mshistory-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Internet Explorer team began with about six people in early development.<sup id="cite_ref-ericsink1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ericsink1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internet Explorer 1.5 was released several months later for <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> and added support for basic table rendering. By including it free of charge with their <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>, they did not have to pay royalties to Spyglass Inc, resulting in a lawsuit and a <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>8 million settlement on January 22, 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-bw_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bw-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-win_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-win-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Microsoft was sued by SyNet Inc. in 1996, for <a href="/wiki/Trademark_infringement" title="Trademark infringement">trademark infringement</a>, claiming it owned the rights to the name "Internet Explorer".<sup id="cite_ref-Zdnet.co.uk_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zdnet.co.uk-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ended with Microsoft paying $5 million to settle the lawsuit.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer_2">Internet Explorer 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_2" title="Internet Explorer 2">Internet Explorer 2</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer 2 is the second major version of Internet Explorer, released on November 28, 1995, for <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>, and on April 23, 1996, for <a href="/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Macintosh">Apple Macintosh</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1" title="Windows 3.1">Windows 3.1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer_3">Internet Explorer 3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer 3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_3" title="Internet Explorer 3">Internet Explorer 3</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer 3 is the third major version of Internet Explorer, released on August 13, 1996, for Microsoft Windows and on January 8, 1997, for Apple Mac OS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer_4">Internet Explorer 4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer 4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_4" title="Internet Explorer 4">Internet Explorer 4</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer 4 is the fourth major version of Internet Explorer, released in September 1997 for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a>. It was the first version of Internet Explorer to use the <a href="/wiki/Trident_(software)" title="Trident (software)">Trident</a> web engine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer_5">Internet Explorer 5</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer 5"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_5" title="Internet Explorer 5">Internet Explorer 5</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer 5 is the fifth major version of Internet Explorer, released on March 18, 1999, for <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1" title="Windows 3.1">Windows 3.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.x" title="Windows NT 3.x">Windows NT 3</a>, Windows 95, <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a> SP3, <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a> (up to v5.2.3), <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a> (up to v5.1.7), Solaris and HP-UX (up to 5.01 SP1). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer_6">Internet Explorer 6</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer 6"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_6" title="Internet Explorer 6">Internet Explorer 6</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer 6 is the sixth major version of Internet Explorer, released on August 24, 2001, for Windows NT 4.0 SP6a, Windows 98, <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_ME" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows ME">Windows ME</a> and as the default web browser for <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer_7">Internet Explorer 7</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer 7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7" title="Internet Explorer 7">Internet Explorer 7</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer 7 is the seventh major version of Internet Explorer, released on October 18, 2006, for <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP#Service_Pack_2" title="Windows XP">Windows XP SP2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003#Service_Pack_1" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003 SP1</a> and as the default web browser for <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Industry#Windows_Embedded_POSReady_2009" title="Windows Embedded Industry">Windows Embedded POSReady 2009</a>. IE7 introduces tabbed browsing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer_8">Internet Explorer 8</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer 8"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_8" title="Internet Explorer 8">Internet Explorer 8</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer 8 is the eighth major version of Internet Explorer, released on March 19, 2009, for Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 and as the default web browser for <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> (later default was Internet Explorer 11) and Windows Server 2008 R2. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer_9">Internet Explorer 9</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer 9"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_9" title="Internet Explorer 9">Internet Explorer 9</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer 9 is the ninth major version of Internet Explorer, released on March 14, 2011, for Windows 7, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a>, Windows Vista Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2008 SP2 with the <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista_Platform_Update" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Vista Platform Update">Platform Update</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer_10">Internet Explorer 10</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer 10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_10" title="Internet Explorer 10">Internet Explorer 10</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer 10 is the tenth major version of Internet Explorer, released on October 26, 2012, and is the default web browser for <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Windows Server 2012</a>. It became available for <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> SP1 and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a> SP1 in February 2013. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer_11">Internet Explorer 11</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer 11"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_11" title="Internet Explorer 11">Internet Explorer 11</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer 11 is featured in <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012_R2" title="Windows Server 2012 R2">Windows Server 2012 R2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">Windows RT 8.1</a>, which was released on October 17, 2013. It includes an incomplete mechanism for syncing tabs. It is a major update to its <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_Developer_Tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Explorer Developer Tools">developer tools</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ie11-7-preview_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ie11-7-preview-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enhanced scaling for high DPI screens,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> prerender and prefetch,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hardware-accelerated" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardware-accelerated">hardware-accelerated</a> <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a> decoding,<sup id="cite_ref-PCWord_Bradley_Business_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCWord_Bradley_Business-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">closed captioning</a>, HTML5 full screen,<sup id="cite_ref-ghack_Brinkmann_Preview_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghack_Brinkmann_Preview-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the first Internet Explorer to support <a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a><sup id="cite_ref-cnet-ie11dev_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnet-ie11dev-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-verge-ie11webgl_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge-ie11webgl-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Google's protocol <a href="/wiki/SPDY" title="SPDY">SPDY</a> (starting at v3).<sup id="cite_ref-techcrunch-spdy_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techcrunch-spdy-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version of IE has features dedicated to Windows 8.1, including cryptography (WebCrypto),<sup id="cite_ref-ie11-7-preview_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ie11-7-preview-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_bitrate_streaming" title="Adaptive bitrate streaming">adaptive bitrate streaming</a> (<a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">Media Source Extensions</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-BetaNews_Williams_DevPreview_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BetaNews_Williams_DevPreview-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">Encrypted Media Extensions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ghack_Brinkmann_Preview_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghack_Brinkmann_Preview-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internet Explorer 11 was made available for <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> users to download on November 7, 2013, with <a href="/wiki/Windows_Update#Automatic_Updates" title="Windows Update">Automatic Updates</a> in the following weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-ieblog-ie11-w7_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieblog-ie11-w7-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internet Explorer 11's <a href="/wiki/User_agent" title="User agent">user agent</a> string now identifies the agent as "<a href="/wiki/MSHTML" class="mw-redirect" title="MSHTML">Trident</a>" (the underlying browser engine) instead of "MSIE". It also announces compatibility with <a href="/wiki/Gecko_(software)" title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a> (the browser engine of <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a>). </p><p>Microsoft claimed that Internet Explorer 11, running the <a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a> SunSpider <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> Benchmark, was the fastest browser as of October 15, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internet Explorer 11 was made available for <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Windows Server 2012</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_8_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Embedded 8 Standard">Windows Embedded 8 Standard</a> in April 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Win8IE11_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Win8IE11-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_life">End of life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: End of life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Microsoft Edge [Legacy]</a> was officially unveiled on January 21, 2015, as "Project Spartan".<sup id="cite_ref-ieblog-spartan_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieblog-spartan-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-verge-spartanextensions_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge-spartanextensions-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 29, 2015, Microsoft announced that Microsoft Edge would replace Internet Explorer as the default browser in Windows 10.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Internet Explorer remained the default web browser on the Windows 10 Long Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) and on Windows Server until 2021, primarily for enterprise purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internet Explorer is still installed in Windows 10 to maintain compatibility with older websites and <a href="/wiki/Intranet" title="Intranet">intranet</a> sites that require <a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a> and other legacy web technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-ieblog-spartan_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieblog-spartan-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-verge-spartanextensions_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge-spartanextensions-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The browser's MSHTML rendering engine also remains for compatibility reasons. </p><p>Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_(Chromium)" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Edge (Chromium)">Microsoft Edge (Chromium)</a> shipped with the "Internet Explorer mode" feature, which enables support for legacy internet applications. This is possible through use of the <a href="/wiki/MSHTML" class="mw-redirect" title="MSHTML">Trident MSHTML</a> engine, the <a href="/wiki/Web_rendering" class="mw-redirect" title="Web rendering">rendering</a> code of Internet Explorer.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft has committed to supporting Internet Explorer mode at least through 2029, with a one-year notice before it is discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the release of Microsoft Edge [Legacy], the development of new features for Internet Explorer ceased. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_11" title="Internet Explorer 11">Internet Explorer 11</a> was the final release, and Microsoft began the process of deprecating Internet Explorer. During this process, it will still be <a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">maintained</a> as part of Microsoft's support policies.<sup id="cite_ref-is-ie-discontinued_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-ie-discontinued-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since January 12, 2016, only the latest version of Internet Explorer available for each version of Windows has been supported.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IELifecycle_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IELifecycle-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, nearly half of Internet Explorer users were using an unsupported version.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2019, Microsoft Chief of Security Chris Jackson recommended that users stop using Internet Explorer as their default browser.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various websites have dropped support for Internet Explorer. On June 1, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> removed Internet Explorer from its list of supported browsers, due to the browser's dated nature.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since November 30, 2020, the web version of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Microsoft Teams</a> can no longer be accessed using Internet Explorer 11, followed by the remaining <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a> applications since August 17, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WordPress also dropped support for the browser in July 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Microsoft disabled the normal means of launching Internet Explorer in <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a> and later versions of <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is still possible for users to launch the browser from the <a href="/wiki/Control_Panel_(Windows)" title="Control Panel (Windows)">Control Panel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Browser_toolbar" title="Browser toolbar">browser toolbar</a> settings or via <a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 15, 2022, Internet Explorer 11 support ended for the <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> Semi-Annual Channel (SAC). Users on these versions of Windows 10 were redirected to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a> starting on February 14, 2023, and visual references to the browser (such as icons on the taskbar) would have been removed on June 13, 2023. However, on May 19, 2023, various organizations disapproved, leading Microsoft to withdraw the change.<sup id="cite_ref-IE11_and_Edge_Lifecycle_FAQ_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IE11_and_Edge_Lifecycle_FAQ-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other versions of Windows that were still supported at the time were unaffected. Specifically, <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> ESU, <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.x" title="Windows 8.x">Windows 8.x</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">Windows RT</a>; <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a>/<a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">R2</a> ESU, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Windows Server 2012</a>/<a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012_R2" title="Windows Server 2012 R2">R2</a> and later; and <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_editions#Organizational_editions" title="Windows 10 editions">Windows 10 LTSB/LTSC</a> continued to receive updates until their respective end of life dates.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On other versions of Windows, Internet Explorer will still be supported until their own end of support dates. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7" title="Internet Explorer 7">IE7</a> was supported until October 10, 2023, alongside the end of support for <a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Compact_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Embedded Compact 2013">Windows Embedded Compact 2013</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_9" title="Internet Explorer 9">IE9</a> is supported until January 13, 2026, alongside the end of [paid and <a href="/wiki/Grandfathered" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandfathered">grandfathered</a>] Premium Assurance support for customers on <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IELifecycle_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IELifecycle-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barring additional changes to the support policy, Internet Explorer 11 will be supported until January 13, 2032, concurrent with the end of support for Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSC 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IELifecycle_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IELifecycle-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Internet_Explorer_zoom_menu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Internet_Explorer_zoom_menu.png/250px-Internet_Explorer_zoom_menu.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Internet_Explorer_zoom_menu.png/330px-Internet_Explorer_zoom_menu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Internet_Explorer_zoom_menu.png/440px-Internet_Explorer_zoom_menu.png 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Page_zoom" class="mw-redirect" title="Page zoom">Page zoom</a> as seen in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_11" title="Internet Explorer 11">IE11</a>. The lowest allowed manual zoom level is 10%, and the highest 1000%.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>Internet Explorer has been designed to view a broad range of web pages and provide certain features within the operating system, including <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Update" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Update">Microsoft Update</a>. During the height of the <a href="/wiki/Browser_wars" title="Browser wars">browser wars</a>, Internet Explorer superseded <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a> only when it caught up technologically to support the progressive features of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (January 2013)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standards_support">Standards support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Standards support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internet Explorer, using the MSHTML (Trident) <a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">browser engine</a>: </p> <ul><li>Supports <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> 4.01, parts of <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a> Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3, <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> 1.0, and <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a> Level 1, with minor implementation gaps.</li> <li>Fully supports <a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a> 1.0 as well as an obsolete Microsoft dialect of XSLT often referred to as <i>WD-xsl</i>, which was loosely based on the December 1998 W3C Working Draft of <a href="/wiki/Extensible_Stylesheet_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensible Stylesheet Language">XSL</a>. Support for <a href="/wiki/XSLT_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="XSLT 2.0">XSLT 2.0</a> lies in the future: semi-official Microsoft bloggers have indicated that development is underway, but no dates have been announced.</li> <li>Almost full conformance to CSS 2.1 has been added in the Internet Explorer 8 release.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MSHTML browser engine in Internet Explorer 9 in 2011, scored highest in the official W3C conformance test suite for CSS 2.1 of all major browsers.</li> <li>Supports <a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> in Internet Explorer 9 (MSHTML Trident version 5.0). Prior versions can render XHTML documents authored with HTML compatibility principles and served with a <code>text/html</code> <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME-type</a>.</li> <li>Supports a subset<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a> in Internet Explorer 9 (MSHTML Trident version 5.0), excluding SMIL, SVG fonts and filters.</li></ul> <p>Internet Explorer uses <a href="/wiki/Document_type_declaration" title="Document type declaration">DOCTYPE sniffing</a> to choose between standards mode and a "<a href="/wiki/Quirks_mode" title="Quirks mode">quirks mode</a>" in which it deliberately mimics nonstandard behaviors of old versions of MSIE for HTML and CSS rendering on screen (Internet Explorer always uses standards mode for printing). It also provides its own dialect of <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a> called <a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a>. </p><p>Internet Explorer was criticized by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> for its limited support for SVG, which is promoted by <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TBLcrit_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBLcrit-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-standard_extensions">Non-standard extensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Non-standard extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internet Explorer has introduced an array of proprietary extensions to many of the standards, including HTML, CSS, and the DOM. This has resulted in several web pages that appear broken in standards-compliant web browsers and has introduced the need for a "quirks mode" to allow for rendering improper elements meant for Internet Explorer in these other browsers. </p><p>Internet Explorer has introduced several extensions to the DOM that have been adopted by other browsers. </p><p>These include the inner HTML property, which provides access to the HTML string within an element, which was part of IE 5 and was standardized as part of HTML 5 roughly 15 years later after all other browsers implemented it for compatibility,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the XMLHttpRequest object, which allows the sending of HTTP request and receiving of HTTP response, and may be used to perform <a href="/wiki/AJAX" class="mw-redirect" title="AJAX">AJAX</a>, and the designMode attribute of the content Document object, which enables rich text editing of HTML documents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some of these functionalities were not possible until the introduction of the W3C DOM methods. Its <a href="/wiki/Ruby_character" title="Ruby character">Ruby character</a> extension to HTML is also accepted as a module in W3C XHTML 1.1, though it is not found in all versions of W3C HTML. </p><p>Microsoft submitted several other features of IE for consideration by the W3C for standardization. These include the 'behavior' CSS property, which connects the HTML elements with JScript behaviors (known as HTML Components, HTC), <a href="/wiki/HTMLplusTIME" class="mw-redirect" title="HTMLplusTIME">HTML+TIME</a> profile, which adds timing and media synchronization support to HTML documents (similar to the W3C <a href="/wiki/XHTMLplusSMIL" class="mw-redirect" title="XHTMLplusSMIL">XHTML+SMIL</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a> <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector graphics</a> file format. However, all were rejected, at least in their original forms; VML was subsequently combined with <a href="/wiki/PGML" class="mw-redirect" title="PGML">PGML</a> (proposed by <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun</a>), resulting in the W3C-approved SVG format, one of the few vector image formats being used on the web, which IE did not support until version 9.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other non-standard behaviors include: support for vertical text, but in a syntax different from W3C CSS3 candidate recommendation, support for a variety of image effects<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and page transitions, which are not found in W3C CSS, support for <a href="/wiki/Obfuscated_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Obfuscated code">obfuscated</a> script code, in particular <a href="/wiki/JScript.Encode" title="JScript.Encode">JScript.Encode</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as support for <a href="/wiki/Font_embedding" title="Font embedding">embedding</a> <a href="/wiki/Embedded_OpenType" title="Embedded OpenType">EOT</a> fonts in <a href="/wiki/Font_embedding_on_the_Web" class="mw-redirect" title="Font embedding on the Web">web pages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Favicon">Favicon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Favicon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Support for <a href="/wiki/Favicon" title="Favicon">favicons</a> was first added in Internet Explorer 5.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internet Explorer supports favicons in <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a>, static <a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a> and <a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)">native Windows icon</a> formats. In Windows Vista and later, Internet Explorer can display native Windows icons that have embedded PNG files.<sup id="cite_ref-jeffdavis_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeffdavis-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ericlaw-1_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ericlaw-1-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usability_and_accessibility">Usability and accessibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Usability and accessibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internet Explorer makes use of the accessibility framework provided in Windows. Internet Explorer is also a user interface for FTP, with operations similar to Windows Explorer. Internet Explorer 5 and 6 had a side bar for web searches, enabling jumps through pages from results listed in the side bar.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pop-up_blocking" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop-up blocking">Pop-up blocking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tabbed_browsing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabbed browsing">tabbed browsing</a> were added respectively in Internet Explorer 6 and Internet Explorer 7. Tabbed browsing can also be added to older versions by installing <a href="/wiki/MSN_Search_Toolbar" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Search Toolbar">MSN Search Toolbar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Toolbar" title="Yahoo Toolbar">Yahoo Toolbar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cache">Cache</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cache"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Temporary_Internet_Files" title="Temporary Internet Files">Temporary Internet Files</a> and <a href="/wiki/Index.dat" title="Index.dat">Index.dat</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer caches visited content in the <a href="/wiki/Temporary_Internet_Files" title="Temporary Internet Files">Temporary Internet Files</a> folder to allow quicker access (or offline access) to previously visited pages. The content is indexed in a database file, known as <a href="/wiki/Index.dat" title="Index.dat">Index.dat</a>. Multiple Index.dat files exist which index different content—visited content, <a href="/wiki/Web_feed" title="Web feed">web feeds</a>, visited <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URLs</a>, cookies, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to IE7, clearing the cache used to clear the index but the files themselves were not reliably removed, posing a potential security and privacy risk. In IE7 and later, when the cache is cleared, the cache files are more reliably removed, and the index.dat file is overwritten with null bytes. </p><p>Caching has been improved in IE9.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Group_Policy">Group Policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Group Policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer is fully configurable using <a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a>. Administrators of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Server domain">Windows Server domains</a> (for domain-joined computers) or the local computer can apply and enforce a variety of settings on computers that affect the user interface (such as disabling menu items and individual configuration options), as well as underlying security features such as downloading of files, zone configuration, per-site settings, ActiveX control behavior and others. Policy settings can be configured for each user and for each machine. Internet Explorer also supports <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Windows_Authentication" title="Integrated Windows Authentication">Integrated Windows Authentication</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IExplore.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/IExplore.svg/220px-IExplore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/IExplore.svg/330px-IExplore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/IExplore.svg/440px-IExplore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="706" /></a><figcaption>The architecture of IE8. Previous versions had a similar architecture, except that both tabs and the UI were within the same process. Consequently, each browser window could have only one "tab process".</figcaption></figure> <p>Internet Explorer uses a <a href="/wiki/Software_componentry" class="mw-redirect" title="Software componentry">componentized</a> architecture built on the <a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">Component Object Model</a> (COM) technology. It consists of several major components, each of which is contained in a separate <a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">dynamic-link library</a> (DLL) and exposes a set of COM <a href="/wiki/Interface_(computing)" title="Interface (computing)">programming interfaces</a> hosted by the Internet Explorer main executable, <samp style="padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em; color:var( --color-subtle, #666666);">iexplore.exe</samp>:<sup id="cite_ref-architecture_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-architecture-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><samp style="padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em; color:var( --color-subtle, #666666);">WinInet.dll</samp> is the protocol handler for <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/FTP" class="mw-redirect" title="FTP">FTP</a>. It handles all network communication over these protocols.</li> <li><samp style="padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em; color:var( --color-subtle, #666666);">URLMon.dll</samp> is responsible for MIME-type handling and download of web content, and provides a thread-safe wrapper around WinInet.dll and other protocol implementations.</li> <li><samp style="padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em; color:var( --color-subtle, #666666);">MSHTML.dll</samp> houses the <a href="/wiki/MSHTML" class="mw-redirect" title="MSHTML">MSHTML</a> (Trident) <a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">browser engine</a> introduced in Internet Explorer 4, which is responsible for displaying the pages on-screen and handling the <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a> (DOM) of the web pages. MSHTML.dll parses the HTML/CSS file and creates the internal DOM tree representation of it. It also exposes a set of <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">APIs</a> for runtime inspection and modification of the DOM tree. The DOM tree is further processed by a browser engine which then renders the internal representation on screen.</li> <li><samp style="padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em; color:var( --color-subtle, #666666);">IEFrame.dll</samp> contains the user interface and window of IE in Internet Explorer 7 and above.</li> <li><samp style="padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em; color:var( --color-subtle, #666666);">ShDocVw.dll</samp> provides the navigation, local caching and history functionalities for the browser.</li> <li><samp style="padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em; color:var( --color-subtle, #666666);">BrowseUI.dll</samp> is responsible for rendering the browser user interface such as menus and toolbars.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acid3_test,_Firefox_124.0.1_and_IE11.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Acid3_test%2C_Firefox_124.0.1_and_IE11.png/220px-Acid3_test%2C_Firefox_124.0.1_and_IE11.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Acid3_test%2C_Firefox_124.0.1_and_IE11.png/330px-Acid3_test%2C_Firefox_124.0.1_and_IE11.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Acid3_test%2C_Firefox_124.0.1_and_IE11.png/440px-Acid3_test%2C_Firefox_124.0.1_and_IE11.png 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Internet Explorer compared to <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Acid3" title="Acid3">Acid3</a> HTML rendering test</figcaption></figure> <p>Internet Explorer does not include any native scripting functionality. Rather, <samp style="padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em; color:var( --color-subtle, #666666);">MSHTML.dll</samp> exposes an API that permits a programmer to develop a scripting environment to be plugged-in and to access the DOM tree. Internet Explorer 8 includes the bindings for the <a href="/wiki/Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a> engine, which is a part of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> and allows any language implemented as an Active Scripting module to be used for client-side scripting. By default, only the JScript and <a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a> modules are provided; third party implementations like <a href="/wiki/ScreamingMonkey" class="mw-redirect" title="ScreamingMonkey">ScreamingMonkey</a> (for ECMAScript 4 support) can also be used. Microsoft also makes available the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Microsoft Silverlight</a> runtime that allows <a href="/wiki/CLI_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="CLI languages">CLI languages</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Language_Runtime" title="Dynamic Language Runtime">DLR</a>-based dynamic languages like <a href="/wiki/IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a> and <a href="/wiki/IronRuby" title="IronRuby">IronRuby</a>, to be used for client-side scripting. </p><p>Internet Explorer 8 introduced some major architectural changes, called <i>loosely coupled IE</i> (LCIE). LCIE separates the main window process (frame process) from the processes hosting the different web applications in different tabs (tab processes). A frame process can create multiple tab processes, each of which can be of a different <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Integrity_Control" title="Mandatory Integrity Control">integrity level</a>, each tab process can host multiple web sites. The processes use asynchronous <a href="/wiki/Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">inter-process communication</a> to synchronize themselves. Generally, there will be a single frame process for all web sites. In <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> with protected mode turned on, however, opening privileged content (such as local HTML pages) will create a new tab process as it will not be constrained by protected mode.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extensibility">Extensibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Extensibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internet Explorer exposes a set of Component Object Model (COM) interfaces that allows <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">add-ons</a> to extend the functionality of the browser.<sup id="cite_ref-architecture_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-architecture-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extensibility is divided into two types: Browser extensibility and content extensibility. Browser extensibility involves adding <a href="/wiki/Context_menu" title="Context menu">context menu</a> entries, toolbars, menu items or <a href="/wiki/Browser_Helper_Objects" class="mw-redirect" title="Browser Helper Objects">Browser Helper Objects</a> (BHO). BHOs are used to extend the feature set of the browser, whereas the other extensibility options are used to expose that feature in the user interface. Content extensibility adds support for non-native content formats.<sup id="cite_ref-architecture_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-architecture-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It allows Internet Explorer to handle new <a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">file formats</a> and new <a href="/wiki/Network_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Network protocol">protocols</a>, e.g. <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> or SPDY.<sup id="cite_ref-architecture_84-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-architecture-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, web pages can integrate <a href="/wiki/Software_widget" title="Software widget">widgets</a> known as ActiveX controls which run on Windows only but have vast potentials to extend the content capabilities; <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Adobe Flash Player</a> and Microsoft Silverlight are examples.<sup id="cite_ref-architecture_84-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-architecture-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Add-ons can be installed either locally, or directly by a web site. </p><p>Since malicious add-ons can compromise the security of a system, Internet Explorer implements several safeguards. Internet Explorer 6 with Service Pack 2 and later feature an Add-on Manager for enabling or disabling individual add-ons, complemented by a "No Add-Ons" mode. <a href="/wiki/Security_and_safety_features_new_to_Windows_Vista#Application_isolation" title="Security and safety features new to Windows Vista">Starting with Windows Vista</a>, Internet Explorer and its BHOs run with restricted <a href="/wiki/Privilege_(computing)" title="Privilege (computing)">privileges</a> and are isolated from the rest of the system. Internet Explorer 9 introduced a new component – Add-on Performance Advisor. Add-on Performance Advisor shows a notification when one or more of installed add-ons exceed a pre-set performance threshold. The notification appears in the Notification Bar when the user launches the browser. Windows 8 and Windows RT introduce a <a href="/wiki/Metro-style_app" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro-style app">Metro-style version</a> of Internet Explorer that is entirely sandboxed and does not run add-ons at all.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Windows RT cannot download or install ActiveX controls at all; although existing ones bundled with Windows RT still run in the traditional version of Internet Explorer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internet Explorer itself can be hosted by other applications via a set of COM interfaces. This can be used to embed the browser functionality inside a computer program or create <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_shell" title="Internet Explorer shell">Internet Explorer shells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-architecture_84-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-architecture-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Browser_security" title="Browser security">Browser security</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer uses a zone-based <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">security</a> framework that groups sites based on certain conditions, including whether it is an Internet- or intranet-based site as well as a user-editable whitelist. Security restrictions are applied per zone; all the sites in a zone are subject to the restrictions. </p><p>Internet Explorer 6 SP2 onwards uses the <i>Attachment Execution Service</i> of Microsoft Windows to mark executable files downloaded from the Internet as being potentially unsafe. Accessing files marked as such will prompt the user to make an explicit trust decision to execute the file, as executables originating from the Internet can be potentially unsafe. This helps in preventing the accidental installation of malware. </p><p>Internet Explorer 7 introduced the phishing filter, which restricts access to <a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">phishing</a> sites unless the user overrides the decision. With version 8, it also blocks access to sites known to host <a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">malware</a>. Downloads are also checked to see if they are known to be malware-infected. </p><p>In Windows Vista, Internet Explorer by default runs in what is called <i>Protected Mode</i>, where the privileges of the browser itself are severely restricted—it cannot make any system-wide changes. One can optionally turn this mode off, but this is not recommended. This also effectively restricts the privileges of any add-ons. As a result, even if the browser or any add-on is compromised, the damage the security breach can cause is limited. </p><p>Patches and updates to the browser are released periodically and made available through the Windows Update service, as well as through Automatic Updates. Although security patches continue to be released for a range of platforms, most feature additions and security infrastructure improvements are only made available on operating systems that are in Microsoft's mainstream support phase. </p><p>On December 16, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Trend_Micro" title="Trend Micro">Trend Micro</a> recommended users switch to rival browsers until an emergency patch was released to fix a potential security risk which "could allow outside users to take control of a person's computer and steal their passwords." Microsoft representatives countered this recommendation, claiming that "0.02% of internet sites" were affected by the flaw. A fix for the issue was released the following day with the Security Update for Internet Explorer KB960714, on Microsoft Windows Update.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, Germany's Federal Office for Information Security, known by its German initials, BSI, advised "temporary use of alternative browsers" because of a "critical security hole" in Microsoft's software that could allow hackers to remotely plant and run malicious code on Windows PCs.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, a report by Accuvant, funded by Google, rated the security (based on sandboxing) of Internet Explorer worse than <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> but better than <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2017 browser security white paper comparing Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge [Legacy], and <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_11" title="Internet Explorer 11">Internet Explorer 11</a> by X41 D-Sec in 2017 came to similar conclusions, also based on sandboxing and support of legacy web technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_vulnerabilities">Security vulnerabilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Security vulnerabilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_web_browsers#Security_and_vulnerabilities" title="Comparison of web browsers">Comparison of web browsers § Security and vulnerabilities</a></div> <p>Internet Explorer has been subjected to many security vulnerabilities and concerns such that the volume of criticism for IE is unusually high. Much of the <a href="/wiki/Spyware" title="Spyware">spyware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adware" title="Adware">adware</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Computer_virus" title="Computer virus">computer viruses</a> across the Internet are made possible by exploitable bugs and flaws in the security architecture of Internet Explorer, sometimes requiring nothing more than viewing of a malicious web page to install themselves. This is known as a "<a href="/wiki/Drive-by_download" title="Drive-by download">drive-by install</a>". There are also attempts to trick the user into installing malicious software by misrepresenting the software's true purpose in the description section of an ActiveX security alert. </p><p>A number of security flaws affecting IE originated not in the browser itself, but in ActiveX-based add-ons used by it. Because the add-ons have the same privilege as IE, the flaws can be as critical as browser flaws. This has led to the ActiveX-based architecture being criticized for being fault-prone. By 2005, some experts maintained that the dangers of ActiveX had been overstated and there were safeguards in place.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, new techniques using <a href="/wiki/Automated_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated testing">automated testing</a> found more than a hundred vulnerabilities in standard Microsoft ActiveX components.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Security features introduced in Internet Explorer 7 mitigated some of these vulnerabilities. </p><p>In 2008, Internet Explorer had a number of published security vulnerabilities. According to research done by security research firm <a href="/wiki/Secunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Secunia">Secunia</a>, Microsoft did not respond as quickly as its competitors in fixing security holes and making patches available.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The firm also reported 366 vulnerabilities in ActiveX controls, an increase from the previous year. </p><p>According to an October 2010 report in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i>, researcher Chris Evans had detected a known security vulnerability which, then dating back to 2008, had not been fixed for at least six hundred days.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft says that it had known about this vulnerability, but it was of exceptionally low severity as the victim web site must be configured in a peculiar way for this attack to be feasible at all.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2010, researchers were able to bypass the "Protected Mode" feature in Internet Explorer.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vulnerability_exploited_in_attacks_on_U.S._firms">Vulnerability exploited in attacks on U.S. firms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Vulnerability exploited in attacks on U.S. firms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Aurora" title="Operation Aurora">Operation Aurora</a></div> <p>In an advisory on January 14, 2010, Microsoft said that attackers targeting Google and other U.S. companies used software that exploits a security hole, which had already been patched, in Internet Explorer. The vulnerability affected Internet Explorer 6 from on Windows XP and Server 2003, IE6 SP1 on Windows 2000 SP4, IE7 on Windows Vista, XP, Server 2008, and Server 2003, IE8 on Windows 7, Vista, XP, Server 2003, and Server 2008 (R2).<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German government</a> warned users against using Internet Explorer and recommended switching to an alternative web browser, due to the major security hole described above that was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Aurora#Attack_analysis" title="Operation Aurora">exploited in Internet Explorer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Australian and French governments also issued a similar warning a few days later.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_vulnerability_across_versions">Major vulnerability across versions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Major vulnerability across versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 26, 2014, Microsoft issued a security advisory relating to <a href="/wiki/CVE_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CVE (identifier)">CVE</a>-<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-1776">2014-1776</a> (use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), a vulnerability that could allow "remote code execution" in Internet Explorer versions 6 to 11.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 28, 2014, the United States <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_States_Computer_Emergency_Readiness_Team" title="United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team">United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team</a> (US-CERT) released an advisory stating that the vulnerability could result in "the complete compromise" of an affected system.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> US-CERT recommended reviewing Microsoft's suggestions to mitigate an attack or using an alternate browser until the bug is fixed.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UK National Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-UK) published an advisory announcing similar concerns and for users to take the additional step of ensuring their antivirus software is up to date.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NortonLifeLock" class="mw-redirect" title="NortonLifeLock">Symantec</a>, a cyber security firm, confirmed that "the vulnerability crashes Internet Explorer on Windows XP."<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vulnerability was resolved on May 1, 2014, with a security update.<sup id="cite_ref-IEfix_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEfix-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Market_adoption_and_usage_share">Market adoption and usage share</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Market adoption and usage share"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Internet_Explorer#Market_adoption_and_usage_share" title="History of Internet Explorer">History of Internet Explorer § Market adoption and usage share</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers" title="Usage share of web browsers">Usage share of web browsers</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Usage_share_of_web_browsers_(Source_StatCounter).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Usage_share_of_web_browsers_%28Source_StatCounter%29.svg/250px-Usage_share_of_web_browsers_%28Source_StatCounter%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Usage_share_of_web_browsers_%28Source_StatCounter%29.svg/330px-Usage_share_of_web_browsers_%28Source_StatCounter%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Usage_share_of_web_browsers_%28Source_StatCounter%29.svg/500px-Usage_share_of_web_browsers_%28Source_StatCounter%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers" title="Usage share of web browsers">Usage share of web browsers</a> according to <a href="/wiki/StatCounter" title="StatCounter">StatCounter</a>, 2008–2021 </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Internet-explorer-usage-data.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Internet-explorer-usage-data.svg/330px-Internet-explorer-usage-data.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Internet-explorer-usage-data.svg/500px-Internet-explorer-usage-data.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Internet-explorer-usage-data.svg/600px-Internet-explorer-usage-data.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>Historical market share of Internet Explorer, 1995–2024</figcaption></figure> <p>The adoption rate of Internet Explorer seems to be closely related to that of Microsoft Windows, as it is the default web browser that comes with Windows. Since the integration of Internet Explorer 2.0 with Windows 95 OSR 1 in 1996, and especially after version 4.0's release in 1997, the adoption was greatly accelerated: from below 20% in 1996, to about 40% in 1998, and over 80% in 2000. This made Microsoft the winner in the infamous '<a href="/wiki/First_browser_war" class="mw-redirect" title="First browser war">first browser war</a>' against Netscape. <a href="/wiki/Netscape_Navigator" title="Netscape Navigator">Netscape Navigator</a> was the dominant browser during 1995 and until 1997, but rapidly lost share to IE starting in 1998, and eventually slipped behind in 1999. The integration of IE with Windows led to a lawsuit by <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>, Netscape's owner, accusing Microsoft of unfair competition. The infamous case was eventually won by AOL but by then it was too late, as Internet Explorer had already become the dominant browser. </p><p>Internet Explorer peaked during 2002 and 2003, with about 95% share. Its first notable competitor after beating Netscape was Firefox from <a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a>, which itself was an offshoot from Netscape. </p><p>Approximate usage over time based on various usage share counters averaged for the year overall, or for the fourth quarter, or for the last month in the year depending on availability of reference.<sup id="cite_ref-nashare_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nashare-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zdnetearly_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnetearly-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thecountermonth_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thecountermonth-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thecounter.com_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thecounter.com-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bhn_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bhn-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wbs_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbs-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internet Explorer's market share fell below 50% in September 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2012, Google Chrome overtook Internet Explorer as the most used browser worldwide, according to <a href="/wiki/StatCounter" title="StatCounter">StatCounter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry_adoption">Industry adoption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Industry adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Browser_Helper_Object" title="Browser Helper Object">Browser Helper Objects</a> are also used by many <a href="/wiki/Web_search_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Web search engine">search engines</a> companies and third parties for creating add-ons that access their services, such as search engine toolbars. Because of the use of COM, it is possible to embed web-browsing functionality in third-party applications. Hence, there are several Internet Explorer shells, and several content-centric applications like <a href="/wiki/RealPlayer" title="RealPlayer">RealPlayer</a> also use Internet Explorer's web browsing module for viewing web pages within the applications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Removal">Removal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Removal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Internet_Explorer" title="Removal of Internet Explorer">Removal of Internet Explorer</a></div> <p>While a major upgrade of Internet Explorer can be uninstalled in a traditional way if the user has saved the original application files for installation, the matter of uninstalling the version of the browser that has shipped with an operating system remains a controversial one. </p><p>The idea of removing a stock install of Internet Explorer from a Windows system was proposed during the <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft Corp.</a></i> case. One of Microsoft's arguments during the trial was that removing Internet Explorer from Windows may result in system instability. Indeed, programs that depend on libraries installed by IE, including Windows help and support system, fail to function without IE. Before Windows Vista, it was not possible to run <a href="/wiki/Windows_Update" title="Windows Update">Windows Update</a> without IE because the service used ActiveX technology, which no other web browser supports.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impersonation_by_malware">Impersonation by malware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Impersonation by malware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The popularity of Internet Explorer led to the appearance of malware abusing its name. On January 28, 2011, a fake Internet Explorer browser calling itself "Internet Explorer – Emergency Mode" appeared. It closely resembled the real Internet Explorer but had fewer buttons and no search bar. If a user attempted to launch any other browser such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, <a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a>, or the real Internet Explorer, this browser would be loaded instead. It also displayed a fake error message, claiming that the computer was infected with malware and Internet Explorer had entered "Emergency Mode". It blocked access to legitimate sites such as Google if the user tried to access them.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EC1835_C_cut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/40px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/60px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1990s" title="Portal:1990s">1990s portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing Bar">Bing Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_web_browser" title="History of the web browser">History of the web browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_web_browsers" title="List of web browsers">List of web browsers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Month_of_bugs" title="Month of bugs">Month of bugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Filtering_Platform" title="Windows Filtering Platform">Windows Filtering Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winsock" title="Winsock">Winsock</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Since versions 10–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In versions 1–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In versions 7–9</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/community/columns/historyofie.mspx">"The History of Internet Explorer"</a>. <i>News Center</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. August 25, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051001113951/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/community/columns/historyofie.mspx">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+Center&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Internet+Explorer&rft.date=2005-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fwindows%2Fie%2Fcommunity%2Fcolumns%2Fhistoryofie.mspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/terminology/2013/02/27/internet-explorer-10-for-windows-7-released-in-95-languages/">"Internet Explorer 10 for Windows 7 released in 95 languages – Microsoft Language Portal Blog"</a>. <i>blogs.technet.microsoft.com</i>. August 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blogs.technet.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Internet+Explorer+10+for+Windows+7+released+in+95+languages+%E2%80%93+Microsoft+Language+Portal+Blog&rft.date=2023-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.technet.microsoft.com%2Fterminology%2F2013%2F02%2F27%2Finternet-explorer-10-for-windows-7-released-in-95-languages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/internet-explorer/ie11-win7-preview-software-license">"Microsoft Pre-Release Software License Terms: Internet Explorer 11 Developer Preview"</a>. <i>microsoft.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Pre-Release+Software+License+Terms%3A+Internet+Explorer+11+Developer+Preview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwindows.microsoft.com%2Fen-US%2Finternet-explorer%2Fie11-win7-preview-software-license&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-discontinued-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-discontinued_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-it-pro-blog/internet-explorer-11-desktop-app-retirement-faq/ba-p/2366549">"Internet Explorer 11 desktop app retirement FAQ"</a>. <i>TECHCOMMUNITY.MICROSOFT.COM</i>. May 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com/2009-1032-995681.html?tag=toc">the original</a> on February 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victor%3A+Software+empire+pays+high+price&rft.pub=CNET+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com%2F2009-1032-995681.html%3Ftag%3Dtoc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citeworld-ie-rise-fall-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-citeworld-ie-rise-fall_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626112836/http://www.citeworld.com/article/2147006/consumerization/internet-explorer-rise-fall-rehabilitation.html">"The rise, fall, and rehabilitation of Internet Explorer"</a>. citeworld.com. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CNN+%E2%80%94+Behind+the+numbers%3A+Browser+market+share+%E2%80%94+October+8%2C+1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FTECH%2Fcomputing%2F9810%2F08%2Fbrowser.idg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wbs-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wbs_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420103123/http://www.omniture.com/home?cms_site_lang=1&s_cid=1493&s_cid=1493">"Web Analytics | Online Business Optimization by Omniture"</a>. Omniture.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniture.com/home?cms_site_lang=1&s_cid=1493&s_cid=1493">the original</a> on April 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+Analytics+%26%23124%3B+Online+Business+Optimization+by+Omniture&rft.pub=Omniture.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniture.com%2Fhome%3Fcms_site_lang%3D1%26s_cid%3D1493%26s_cid%3D1493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2010" class="citation news cs1">Goldman, David (October 6, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2010/10/06/technology/internet_explorer_market_share/index.htm?source=cnn_bin&hpt=Sbin">"Internet Explorer usage falls below 50%"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Internet+Explorer+usage+falls+below+50%25&rft.date=2010-10-06&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2010%2F10%2F06%2Ftechnology%2Finternet_explorer_market_share%2Findex.htm%3Fsource%3Dcnn_bin%26hpt%3DSbin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcworld.com/article/255886/google_chrome_overtakes_internet_explorer.html">"Google Chrome Overtakes Internet Explorer"</a>. <i>PCWorld</i>. May 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PCWorld&rft.atitle=Google+Chrome+Overtakes+Internet+Explorer&rft.date=2012-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F255886%2Fgoogle_chrome_overtakes_internet_explorer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991103171910/http://www.businessweek.com/microsoft/updates/up90203a.htm">"Business Week Online/Microsoft Watch"</a>. November 3, 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/microsoft/updates/up90203a.htm">the original</a> on November 3, 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Business+Week+Online%2FMicrosoft+Watch&rft.date=1999-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fmicrosoft%2Fupdates%2Fup90203a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCullagh2011" class="citation magazine cs1">McCullagh, Declan (January 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110115024801/http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/1999/02/17689">"Feds Accuse MS of Falsification"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/1999/02/17689">the original</a> on January 15, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Feds+Accuse+MS+of+Falsification&rft.date=2011-01-15&rft.aulast=McCullagh&rft.aufirst=Declan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fpolitics%2Flaw%2Fnews%2F1999%2F02%2F17689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.im-infected.com/hijacker/internet-explorer-emergency-mode.html">"IE Emergency Mode"</a>. <i>im-infected.com</i>. January 28, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110630065328/http://www.im-infected.com/hijacker/internet-explorer-emergency-mode.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=im-infected.com&rft.atitle=IE+Emergency+Mode&rft.date=2011-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.im-infected.com%2Fhijacker%2Finternet-explorer-emergency-mode.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bleepingcomputer.com/virus-removal/remove-avg-antivirus-2011">"Bleeping Computer – Fake IE Emergency Mode (by fake AVG)"</a>. January 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bleeping+Computer+%E2%80%93+Fake+IE+Emergency+Mode+%28by+fake+AVG%29&rft.date=2011-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bleepingcomputer.com%2Fvirus-removal%2Fremove-avg-antivirus-2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blooberry.com/indexdot/history/ie.htm">"Index DOT Html and Index DOT Css"</a>. <i>Browser History: Windows Internet Explorer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Browser+History%3A+Windows+Internet+Explorer&rft.atitle=Index+DOT+Html+and+Index+DOT+Css&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blooberry.com%2Findexdot%2Fhistory%2Fie.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHachamovitch2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dean_Hachamovitch" title="Dean Hachamovitch">Hachamovitch, Dean</a> (July 27, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2005/07/27/windows-vista-amp-ie7-beta-1-available.aspx">"Windows Vista & IE7 Beta 1 Available"</a>. <i>IEBlog</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IEBlog&rft.atitle=Windows+Vista+%26+IE7+Beta+1+Available&rft.date=2005-07-27&rft.aulast=Hachamovitch&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fb%2Fie%2Farchive%2F2005%2F07%2F27%2Fwindows-vista-amp-ie7-beta-1-available.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson2005" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Chris (July 30, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2005/07/29/445242.aspx">"Standards and CSS in IE"</a>. <i>IEBlog</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IEBlog&rft.atitle=Standards+and+CSS+in+IE&rft.date=2005-07-30&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fb%2Fie%2Farchive%2F2005%2F07%2F29%2F445242.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraff2006" class="citation web cs1">Graff, Scott (October 7, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2006/10/06/IE7-Is-Coming-This-Month_2E002E002E00_Are-you-Ready_3F00_.aspx">"IE7 Is Coming This Month"</a>. <i>IEBlog</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IEBlog&rft.atitle=IE7+Is+Coming+This+Month&rft.date=2006-10-07&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fb%2Fie%2Farchive%2F2006%2F10%2F06%2FIE7-Is-Coming-This-Month_2E002E002E00_Are-you-Ready_3F00_.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2005/02/28/382054.aspx">"IE7 Platforms And Outlook Express"</a>. <i>IEBlog</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. March 1, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IEBlog&rft.atitle=IE7+Platforms+And+Outlook+Express&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fb%2Fie%2Farchive%2F2005%2F02%2F28%2F382054.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/2005/feb05/02-15rsa05keynotepr.aspx">"Gates Highlights Progress on Security, Outlines Next Steps for Continued Innovation"</a>. <i>News Center</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. February 15, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+Center&rft.atitle=Gates+Highlights+Progress+on+Security%2C+Outlines+Next+Steps+for+Continued+Innovation&rft.date=2005-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fpress%2F2005%2Ffeb05%2F02-15rsa05keynotepr.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsMacNeilHall2010" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Mary-Lynne; MacNeil, Leslie; Hall, Marty (September 17, 2010). <a href="/wiki/Dean_Hachamovitch" title="Dean Hachamovitch">Hachamovitch, Dean</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2010/09/16/internet-explorer-9-logo-visual-refresh.aspx">"User Experiences: Evolving the blue "e"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>IEBlog</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IEBlog&rft.atitle=User+Experiences%3A+Evolving+the+blue+%22e%22&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Mary-Lynne&rft.au=MacNeil%2C+Leslie&rft.au=Hall%2C+Marty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fb%2Fie%2Farchive%2F2010%2F09%2F16%2Finternet-explorer-9-logo-visual-refresh.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Explorer" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Explorer&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Internet_Explorer" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/120px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.microsoft.com/products/internet-explorer">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1575#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_Explorer253" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible open navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Internet_Explorer" title="Template:Internet Explorer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_Explorer" title="Template talk:Internet Explorer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_Explorer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet Explorer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_Explorer253" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Internet Explorer</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_version_history" title="Internet Explorer version history">Versions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Explorer 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_2" title="Internet Explorer 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_3" title="Internet Explorer 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_4" title="Internet Explorer 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_5" title="Internet Explorer 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_6" title="Internet Explorer 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7" title="Internet Explorer 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_8" title="Internet Explorer 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_9" title="Internet Explorer 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_10" title="Internet Explorer 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_11" title="Internet Explorer 11">11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_Mobile" title="Internet Explorer Mobile">Mobile</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_Mac" title="Internet Explorer for Mac">for Mac</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_UNIX" title="Internet Explorer for UNIX">for UNIX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEs4Linux" title="IEs4Linux">IEs4Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Internet_Explorer" title="History of Internet Explorer">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_Explorer_add-ons" title="List of Internet Explorer add-ons">Add-ons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_box_model" title="CSS box model">Box model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Helper_Object" title="Browser Helper Object">Browser Helper Object (BHO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_Explorer_extensions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Internet Explorer extensions">Extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Internet_Explorer" title="Removal of Internet Explorer">Removal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_shell" title="Internet Explorer shell">Shells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerator_(Internet_Explorer)" title="Accelerator (Internet Explorer)">Accelerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML_Application" title="HTML Application">HTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_Components" title="HTML Components">HTML Components</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favicon" title="Favicon">favicon.ico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML%2BTIME" title="HTML+TIME">HTML+TIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index.dat" title="Index.dat">Index.dat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHTML" title="MHTML">MHTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSXML" title="MSXML">MSXML</a></li> <li>RSS Platform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_tag_(Microsoft)" title="Smart tag (Microsoft)">Smart tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Internet_Files" title="Temporary Internet Files">Temporary Internet Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">Vector Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Slice" title="Web Slice">Web Slice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Proxy_Autodiscovery_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Proxy Autodiscovery Protocol">WPAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XHR/XDomainRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software and engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_Administration_Kit" title="Internet Explorer Administration Kit">Administration Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_Developer_Tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Explorer Developer Tools">Developer Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Windows_Authentication" title="Integrated Windows Authentication">Integrated Windows Authentication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_(browser_engine)" title="Tasman (browser engine)">Tasman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident_(software)" title="Trident (software)">MSHTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_(JScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JScript engine)">Chakra</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Channel" title="Active Channel">Active Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Desktop" title="Active Desktop">Active Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveMovie" title="ActiveMovie">ActiveMovie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Definition_Format" title="Channel Definition Format">Channel Definition Format (.cdf)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Comic_Chat" title="Microsoft Comic Chat">Comic Chat/Chat 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectX_Media" title="DirectX Media">DirectX Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Internet_Mail_and_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Internet Mail and News">Internet Mail and News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Java_Virtual_Machine" title="Microsoft Java Virtual Machine">Microsoft Java Virtual Machine (MSJVM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Explorer">MSN Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_for_Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN for Mac OS X">MSN for Mac OS X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_NetMeeting" title="Microsoft NetMeeting">NetMeeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetShow" title="NetShow">NetShow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_gated_cryptography" class="mw-redirect" title="Server gated cryptography">Server Gated Cryptography (SGC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyglass,_Inc." title="Spyglass, Inc.">Spyglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Address_Book" title="Windows Address Book">Windows Address Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Desktop_Update" title="Windows Desktop Update">Windows Desktop Update</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Browser_wars#First_Browser_War" title="Browser wars">First Browser War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_wars#Second_Browser_War" title="Browser wars">Second Browser War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Download.ject" title="Download.ject">Download.ject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eolas#Patents" title="Eolas"><i>Eolas v. Microsoft</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Java_Virtual_Machine#Sun_vs._Microsoft" title="Microsoft Java Virtual Machine"><i>Sun v. Microsoft</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft Corp.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantek_%C3%87elik" title="Tantek Çelik">Tantek Çelik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reardon" title="Thomas Reardon">Thomas Reardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Hachamovitch" title="Dean Hachamovitch">Dean Hachamovitch</a></li> <li>Scott Isaacs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inori_Aizawa" title="Inori Aizawa">Inori Aizawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_Explorer" title="Category:Internet Explorer">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Web_browsers182" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Web_browsers" title="Template:Web browsers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Web_browsers" title="Template talk:Web browsers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Web_browsers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Web browsers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Web_browsers182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browsers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Features_*_standards_*_protocols182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Features</li> <li>standards</li> <li>protocols</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookmark_(digital)" title="Bookmark (digital)">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_browsing" title="Private browsing">Privacy mode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_standards" title="Web standards">Web standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">v5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_cookie" title="HTTP cookie">Cookies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_cookies" title="Third-party cookies">third-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_Certificate_Status_Protocol" title="Online Certificate Status Protocol">OCSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Active182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Active</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(web_browser)" title="Arc (web browser)">Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avast_Secure_Browser" title="Avast Secure Browser">Avast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%91c_C%E1%BB%91c" title="Cốc Cốc">Coc Coc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_Dragon" title="Comodo Dragon">Comodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_(web_browser)" title="Epic (web browser)">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mobile_Services" title="Huawei Mobile Services">Huawei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon" title="Maxthon">Maxthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opera_Mobile" title="Opera Mobile">Mobile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puffin_Browser" title="Puffin Browser">Puffin </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QQ_Browser" title="QQ Browser">QQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Internet" title="Samsung Internet">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Silk" title="Amazon Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleipnir_(web_browser)" title="Sleipnir (web browser)">Sleipnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRWare_Iron" title="SRWare Iron">SRWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_Browser" title="UC Browser">UC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naver_Whale" title="Naver Whale">Whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_Open_Source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and Open Source">FOSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dooble" title="Dooble">Dooble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkon" title="Falkon">Falkon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_Browser" title="Otter Browser">Otter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermium" title="Supermium">Supermium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungoogled-chromium" title="Ungoogled-chromium">ungoogled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gecko_(software)" title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorp" title="Floorp">Floorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_IceCat" title="GNU IceCat">GNU IceCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibreWolf" title="LibreWolf">LibreWolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midori_(web_browser)" title="Midori (web browser)">Midori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlimBrowser" title="SlimBrowser">SlimBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_Browser" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Browser">Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_Browser" title="Zen Browser">Zen</a></li> <li>Gecko <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk_(web_browser)" title="Basilisk (web browser)">Basilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Meleon" title="K-Meleon">K-Meleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon" title="Pale Moon">Pale Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">GNOME Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICab" title="ICab">iCab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagi_(search_engine)#Orion_Browser" title="Kagi (search engine)">Orion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-<a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">engine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/360_Secure_Browser" title="360 Secure Browser">360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuckDuckGo_Private_Browser" title="DuckDuckGo Private Browser">DuckDuckGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konqueror" title="Konqueror">Konqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape" title="Lunascape">Lunascape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetFront" title="NetFront">NetFront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutebrowser" title="Qutebrowser">qutebrowser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dillo" title="Dillo">Dillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eww_(web_browser)" title="Eww (web browser)">eww</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_(web_browser)" title="Flow (web browser)">Flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladybird_(web_browser)" title="Ladybird (web browser)">Ladybird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_(web_browser)" title="Links (web browser)">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)" title="Lynx (web browser)">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf" title="NetSurf">NetSurf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Mini" title="Opera Mini">Opera Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3m" title="W3m">w3m</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Discontinued182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Discontinued</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blink_(browser_engine)" title="Blink (browser engine)">Blink</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaker_(web_browser)" title="Beaker (web browser)">Beaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrio" title="Citrio">Citrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_(web_browser)" title="Flock (web browser)">Flock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcore" title="Redcore">Redcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockmelt" title="Rockmelt">Rockmelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SalamWeb" title="SalamWeb">SalamWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(search_engine)#Browser" title="Sputnik (search engine)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torch_(web_browser)" title="Torch (web browser)">Torch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gecko_(software)" title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beonex_Communicator" title="Beonex Communicator">Beonex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_(web_browser)" title="Camino (web browser)">Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classilla" title="Classilla">Classilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conkeror" title="Conkeror">Conkeror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_Lite" title="Firefox Lite">Firefox Lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeon" title="Galeon">Galeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostzilla" title="Ghostzilla">Ghostzilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_IceDragon" title="Comodo IceDragon">IceDragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazehakase" title="Kazehakase">Kazehakase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kylo_(web_browser)" title="Kylo (web browser)">Kylo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Lotus_Symphony" title="IBM Lotus Symphony">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroB" title="MicroB">MicroB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimo" title="Minimo">Minimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PirateBrowser" title="PirateBrowser">PirateBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Pogo" title="AT&T Pogo">Pogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirix_Strata" title="Kirix Strata">Strata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftfox" title="Swiftfox">Swiftfox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftweasel" title="Swiftweasel">Swiftweasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TenFourFox" class="mw-redirect" title="TenFourFox">TenFourFox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timberwolf_(web_browser)" title="Timberwolf (web browser)">Timberwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XB_Browser" title="XB Browser">xB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trident_(software)" title="Trident (software)">MSHTML</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOL_Explorer" title="AOL Explorer">AOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepnet_Explorer" title="Deepnet Explorer">Deepnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenBrowser" title="GreenBrowser">GreenBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaBrowser" title="MediaBrowser">MediaBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeoPlanet" title="NeoPlanet">NeoPlanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetCaptor" title="NetCaptor">NetCaptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceTime_(software)#SpaceTime_Browser" title="SpaceTime (software)">SpaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAC_Browser" title="ZAC Browser">ZAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arora_(web_browser)" title="Arora (web browser)">Arora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(web_browser)" title="Bolt (web browser)">BOLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_Browser" title="Dolphin Browser">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_(web_browser)" title="Fluid (web browser)">Fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(smart_TV_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Google TV (smart TV platform)">Google TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Browser" title="Iris Browser">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Browser" title="Mercury Browser">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia_Browser_for_Symbian" title="Nokia Browser for Symbian">Nokia Symbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Coast" title="Opera Coast">Opera Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origyn_Web_Browser" title="Origyn Web Browser">Origyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QtWeb" title="QtWeb">QtWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiira" title="Shiira">Shiira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_(web_browser)" title="Steel (web browser)">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_(web_browser)" title="Surf (web browser)">surf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbl" title="Uzbl">Uzbl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPositive" class="mw-redirect" title="WebPositive">WebPositive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xombrero" title="Xombrero">xombrero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaco_(web_browser)" title="Abaco (web browser)">abaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachne_(web_browser)" title="Arachne (web browser)">Arachne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazer_(web_browser)" title="Blazer (web browser)">Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cake_Browser" title="Cake Browser">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CM_Browser" title="CM Browser">CM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Live_Labs_Deepfish" title="Microsoft Live Labs Deepfish">Deepfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Edge Legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELinks" title="ELinks">ELinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazelle_(web_browser)" title="Gazelle (web browser)">Gazelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HotJava" title="HotJava">HotJava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Home_Page_Reader" title="IBM Home Page Reader">IBM Home Page Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_WebExplorer" title="IBM WebExplorer">IBM WebExplorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBrowse" title="IBrowse">IBrowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_Mac" title="Internet Explorer for Mac">Internet Explorer for Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KidZui" title="KidZui">KidZui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic (web browser)">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_TV" title="MSN TV">MSN TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetPositive" class="mw-redirect" title="NetPositive">NetPositive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)" title="Netscape (web browser)">Netscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skweezer" title="Skweezer">Skweezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyfire_(company)" title="Skyfire (company)">Skyfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThunderHawk" title="ThunderHawk">ThunderHawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Mobile_Browser" title="Vision Mobile Browser">Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinWAP" title="WinWAP">WinWAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Web_browsers" title="Category:Web browsers">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_web_browsers" title="Comparison of web browsers">Comparisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_web_browsers" title="List of web browsers">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gopher298" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gopher_clients" title="Template:Gopher clients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gopher_clients" title="Template talk:Gopher clients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gopher_clients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gopher clients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gopher298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A <a href="/wiki/Communications_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications protocol">protocol</a> for document search and retrieval on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">Clients</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dooble" title="Dooble">Dooble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)" title="Lynx (web browser)">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3m" title="W3m">W3m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPositive" class="mw-redirect" title="WebPositive">WebPositive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support ended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_(web_browser)" title="Flock (web browser)">Flock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agora_(web_browser)" title="Agora (web browser)">Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachne_(web_browser)" title="Arachne (web browser)">Arachne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Pogo" title="AT&T Pogo">AT&T Pogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beonex_Communicator" title="Beonex Communicator">Beonex Communicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_(web_browser)" title="Camino (web browser)">Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_(web_browser)" title="Cello (web browser)">Cello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classilla" title="Classilla">Classilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conkeror" title="Conkeror">Conkeror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberjack" title="Cyberjack">Cyberjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELinks" title="ELinks">ELinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(GNOME)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiphany (GNOME)">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeon" title="Galeon">Galeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GopherVR" title="GopherVR">GopherVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBrowse" title="IBrowse">IBrowse</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Internet Explorer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_Mac" title="Internet Explorer for Mac">Internet Explorer for Mac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazehakase" title="Kazehakase">Kazehakase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libwww" title="Libwww">libwww</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode Browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimo" title="Minimo">Minimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Internet_Users_Essential_Tool" title="Minnesota Internet Users Essential Tool">Minuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic (web browser)">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothra_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothra (web browser)">Mothra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla Application Suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)" title="Netscape (web browser)">Netscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlipKnot_(web_browser)" title="SlipKnot (web browser)">SlipKnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songbird_(software)" title="Songbird (software)">Songbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TkWWW" title="TkWWW">tkWWW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UdiWWW" title="UdiWWW">UdiWWW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XB_Browser" title="XB Browser">xB Browser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a> software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bucktooth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetPresenz" title="NetPresenz">NetPresenz</a></li> <li>PyGopherd</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_(software)" title="Squid (software)">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronet" title="Synchronet">Synchronet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine">Search engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jughead_(search_engine)" title="Jughead (search engine)">Jughead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronica_(search_engine)" title="Veronica (search engine)">Veronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_information_server" title="Wide area information server">Wide area information server</a> (WAIS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_(communication)" class="mw-redirect" title="Media (communication)">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCSO_Nameserver" title="CCSO Nameserver">CCSO Nameserver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gophermap" class="mw-redirect" title="Gophermap">Gophermap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlog" title="Phlog">Phlog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Host_(network)" title="Host (network)">Hosts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SDF_Public_Access_Unix_System" title="SDF Public Access Unix System">SDF Public Access Unix System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_WELL" title="The WELL">The WELL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">Developers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_P._McCahill" title="Mark P. McCahill">Mark P. McCahill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Content_aggregators207" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aggregators" title="Template:Aggregators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aggregators" title="Template talk:Aggregators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aggregators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aggregators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Content_aggregators207" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Content_aggregator" class="mw-redirect" title="Content aggregator">Content aggregators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">Client<br /> software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standalone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kontact#News_Feed_Aggregator" title="Kontact">Akregator</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BlogBridge" title="BlogBridge">BlogBridge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedreader_(Windows_Application)" title="Feedreader (Windows Application)">Feedreader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flipboard" title="Flipboard">Flipboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genieo" title="Genieo">Genieo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Google_Currents_(news_app)" title="Google Currents (news app)">Google Currents</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">Google News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liferea" title="Liferea">Liferea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetNewsWire" title="NetNewsWire">NetNewsWire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsbeuter" title="Newsbeuter">Newsbeuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsFire" title="NewsFire">NewsFire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuiteRSS" title="QuiteRSS">QuiteRSS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RSS_Bandit" title="RSS Bandit">RSS Bandit</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSS_Guard" title="RSS Guard">RSS Guard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RSSOwl" title="RSSOwl">RSSOwl</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seesmic" title="Seesmic">Seesmic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web browsers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/AOL_Explorer" title="AOL Explorer">AOL Explorer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon#Basilisk_browser" title="Pale Moon">Basilisk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camino_(web_browser)" title="Camino (web browser)">Camino</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICab" title="ICab">iCab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome#Android" title="Google Chrome">Chrome (Android)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flock_(web_browser)" title="Flock (web browser)">Flock</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">GNOME Web</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Internet Explorer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Meleon" title="K-Meleon">K-Meleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazehakase" title="Kazehakase">Kazehakase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon" title="Maxthon">Maxthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Browser" title="Netscape Browser">Netscape Browser</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Navigator_9" title="Netscape Navigator 9">Netscape Navigator 9</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_Browser" title="Otter Browser">Otter Browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon" title="Pale Moon">Pale Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiira" title="Shiira">Shiira</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleipnir_(web_browser)" title="Sleipnir (web browser)">Sleipnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent#Tencent_Traveler" title="Tencent">Tencent Traveler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Email clients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mail" title="Apple Mail">Apple Mail</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claws_Mail" title="Claws Mail">Claws Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnus" title="Gnus">Gnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_Domino" class="mw-redirect" title="HCL Domino">HCL Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Microsoft Outlook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Mozilla Thunderbird</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Navigator_9" title="Netscape Navigator 9">Netscape Messenger 9</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Mail" title="Pegasus Mail">Pegasus Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bat!" title="The Bat!">The Bat!</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Mail" title="Windows Live Mail">Windows Live Mail</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbra" title="Zimbra">Zimbra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plugins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooliris_(plugin)" title="Cooliris (plugin)">Cooliris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sage_(Mozilla_Firefox_extension)" title="Sage (Mozilla Firefox extension)">Sage</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">Web apps</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bloglines" title="Bloglines">Bloglines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CommaFeed" title="CommaFeed">CommaFeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daylife" title="Daylife">Daylife</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Digg_Reader" title="Digg Reader">Digg Reader</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedbin" title="Feedbin">Feedbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedly" title="Feedly">Feedly</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FriendFeed" title="FriendFeed">FriendFeed</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">Google News</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Google_Reader" title="Google Reader">Google Reader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IGoogle" title="IGoogle">iGoogle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DotCMS" title="DotCMS">dotCMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imooty.eu" title="Imooty.eu">Imooty.eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inoreader" title="Inoreader">Inoreader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn_Pulse" title="LinkedIn Pulse">LinkedIn Pulse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_(CMS)" title="Magnolia (CMS)">Magnolia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="My Yahoo!">My Yahoo!</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News360" title="News360">News360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsBlur" title="NewsBlur">NewsBlur</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Newsknowledge" title="Newsknowledge">Newsknowledge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netvibes" title="Netvibes">Netvibes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pageflakes" title="Pageflakes">Pageflakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_(software)" title="Planet (software)">Planet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Apart" title="Six Apart">Rojo.com</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_(app)" title="Prismatic (app)">Prismatic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokeo" title="Spokeo">Spokeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Reader" title="The Old Reader">The Old Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Tiny_RSS" title="Tiny Tiny RSS">Tiny Tiny RSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TweetDeck" title="TweetDeck">TweetDeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGUI" title="WebGUI">WebGUI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Personalized_Experience" title="Windows Live Personalized Experience">Windows Live Personalized Experience</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WinnowTag" title="WinnowTag">winnowTag</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media<br /> aggregators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_podcast_clients" title="List of podcast clients">Podcast client</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Media_Player" title="Adobe Media Player">Adobe Media Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontact#News_Feed_Aggregator" title="Kontact">Akregator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarok_(software)" title="Amarok (software)">Amarok</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flock_(web_browser)" title="Flock (web browser)">Flock</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Apple Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juice_(aggregator)" title="Juice (aggregator)">Juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaMonkey" title="MediaMonkey">MediaMonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miro_(video_software)" title="Miro (video software)">Miro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmbox" title="Rhythmbox">Rhythmbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songbird_(software)" title="Songbird (software)">Songbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winamp" title="Winamp">Winamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zune" title="Zune">Zune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadcatching" title="Broadcatching">RSS + BitTorrent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BitLord" title="BitLord">BitLord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(software)" title="BitTorrent (software)">BitTorrent 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(software)" title="Deluge (software)">Deluge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miro_(video_software)" title="Miro (video software)">Miro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QBittorrent" title="QBittorrent">qBittorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">μTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br /> articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_feed_aggregators" title="Comparison of feed aggregators">Comparison of feed aggregators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_podcasting" title="History of podcasting">History of media aggregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSS_enclosure" title="RSS enclosure">RSS enclosure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate discontinued software.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Timeline_of_web_browsers98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_web_browsers" title="Template:Timeline of web browsers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Timeline_of_web_browsers" title="Template talk:Timeline of web browsers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline_of_web_browsers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline of web browsers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Timeline_of_web_browsers98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_web_browsers" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of web browsers">Timeline</a> of <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="General98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">General</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_web_browsers" title="Comparison of web browsers">Comparison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_lightweight_web_browsers" title="Comparison of lightweight web browsers">lightweight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_web_browser" title="History of the web browser">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_web_browsers" title="List of web browsers">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_web_browsers_for_Unix_and_Unix-like_operating_systems" title="List of web browsers for Unix and Unix-like operating systems">for Unix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers" title="Usage share of web browsers">Usage share</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb (Nexus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode Browser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libwww" title="Libwww">libwww</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erwise" title="Erwise">Erwise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacWWW" title="MacWWW">MacWWW (Samba)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MidasWWW" title="MidasWWW">MidasWWW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TkWWW" title="TkWWW">tkWWW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViolaWWW" title="ViolaWWW">ViolaWWW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMosaic" title="AMosaic">AMosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_(web_browser)" title="Cello (web browser)">Cello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emacs/W3" class="mw-redirect" title="Emacs/W3">Emacs/W3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)" title="Lynx (web browser)">Lynx 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic (web browser)">NCSA Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMS_Mosaic" class="mw-redirect" title="VMS Mosaic">VMS Mosaic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirMosaic" title="AirMosaic">AirMosaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBox" title="IBox">Internet in a Box</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresco_(web_browser)" title="Fresco (web browser)">ANT Fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(web_browser)" title="Argo (web browser)">Argo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_WebExplorer" title="IBM WebExplorer">IBM WebExplorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlipKnot_(web_browser)" title="SlipKnot (web browser)">SlipKnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Internet_Users_Essential_Tool" title="Minnesota Internet Users Essential Tool">Minuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOLpress" title="AOLpress">Navipress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)#Netscape_Navigator_.28versions_1.0.E2.80.933.0.29" title="Netscape (web browser)">Mosaic/Mosaic Netscape/Netscape Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyglass,_Inc." title="Spyglass, Inc.">Spyglass Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterCon_Systems_Corporation#TCP.2FConnect_II" title="InterCon Systems Corporation">TCP/Connect II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agora_(web_browser)" title="Agora (web browser)">Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALynx" class="mw-redirect" title="ALynx">ALynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMSD_Ariadna" title="AMSD Ariadna">AMSD Ariadna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberjack" title="Cyberjack">Cyberjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterCon_Systems_Corporation#WebShark" title="InterCon Systems Corporation">eWorld Web Browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grail_(web_browser)" title="Grail (web browser)">Grail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Explorer 1">Internet Explorer 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_2" title="Internet Explorer 2">Internet Explorer 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)#Netscape_Navigator_.28versions_1.0.E2.80.933.0.29" title="Netscape (web browser)">Netscape Navigator 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterCon_Systems_Corporation#NetShark" title="InterCon Systems Corporation">NetShark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HotJava" title="HotJava">HotJava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UdiWWW" title="UdiWWW">UdiWWW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterCon_Systems_Corporation#WebShark" title="InterCon Systems Corporation">WebShark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3m" title="W3m">w3m</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdog" title="Cyberdog">Cyberdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachne_(web_browser)" title="Arachne (web browser)">Arachne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWeb" title="AWeb">AWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBrowse" title="IBrowse">IBrowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_3" title="Internet Explorer 3">Internet Explorer 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)#Netscape_Navigator_.28versions_1.0.E2.80.933.0.29" title="Netscape (web browser)">Netscape Navigator 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_2" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_PowerBrowser" title="Oracle PowerBrowser">Oracle PowerBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterCon_Systems_Corporation" title="InterCon Systems Corporation">tcpCONNECT4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_(web_browser)" title="Voyager (web browser)">Voyager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Communicator" title="Netscape Communicator">Netscape Communicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_4" title="Internet Explorer 4">Internet Explorer 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_2" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 2.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NeoPlanet" title="NeoPlanet">NeoPlanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla Application Suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_3" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 3–3.21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICab" title="ICab">iCab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_5" title="Internet Explorer 5">Internet Explorer 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_3" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 3.5–3.62</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beonex_Communicator" title="Beonex Communicator">Beonex Communicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeon" title="Galeon">Galeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Meleon" title="K-Meleon">K-Meleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konqueror" title="Konqueror">Konqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaBrowser" title="MediaBrowser">MediaBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_6" title="Netscape 6">Netscape 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_4" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 4–4.02</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICab" title="ICab">iCab 2.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_6" title="Internet Explorer 6">Internet Explorer 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniWeb" title="OmniWeb">OmniWeb 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_5" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 5–5.12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camino_(web_browser)" title="Camino (web browser)">Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Web" title="GNOME Web">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_7" title="Netscape 7">Netscape 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_6" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 6–6.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GreenBrowser" title="GreenBrowser">GreenBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon#Browser_versions" title="Maxthon">Maxthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_7" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 7–7.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlimBrowser" title="SlimBrowser">SlimBrowser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history" title="Firefox version history">Phoenix/Firebird/Firefox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_7" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 7.5–7.55</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AOL_Explorer" title="AOL Explorer">AOL Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepnet_Explorer" title="Deepnet Explorer">Deepnet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 1.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Browser" title="Netscape Browser">Netscape Browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_8" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 8–8.54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_2" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7" title="Internet Explorer 7">Internet Explorer 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_9" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 9–9.27</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon#Browser_versions" title="Maxthon">Maxthon 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_9" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 9.5–9.64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_3" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 1.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Navigator_9" title="Netscape Navigator 9">Netscape Navigator 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf#Release" title="NetSurf">NetSurf 1.2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 2–3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 3.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_8" title="Internet Explorer 8">Internet Explorer 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_10" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 10–10.63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon" title="Pale Moon">Pale Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_4" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.0</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 4–8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 3.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape#History" title="Lunascape">Lunascape 6.0.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon#Browser_versions" title="Maxthon">Maxthon 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf#Release" title="NetSurf">NetSurf 2.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_11" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 11–11.64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_5" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 9–16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 4–9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_9" title="Internet Explorer 9">Internet Explorer 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape#History" title="Lunascape">Lunascape 6.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser#Version_12" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 12–12.17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.1–2.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 17–23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 10–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_10" title="Internet Explorer 10">Internet Explorer 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape#History" title="Lunascape">Lunascape 6.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxthon#Browser_versions" title="Maxthon">Maxthon 3.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf#Release" title="NetSurf">NetSurf 2.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_6" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 24–31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 18–26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_11" title="Internet Explorer 11">Internet Explorer 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 15–18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_7" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.15–2.22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 32–39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 27–34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape#History" title="Lunascape">Lunascape 6.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSurf#Release" title="NetSurf">NetSurf 3.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 19–26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_8" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.23–2.31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 40–47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 35–43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape#History" title="Lunascape">Lunascape 6.10–6.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy#Edge_Legacy_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Microsoft Edge 20, 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 27–34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_9" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.32–2.39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi Technical Preview 1–Beta 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 0.7–0.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 48–55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 44–50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunascape#History" title="Lunascape">Lunascape 6.13–6.15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy#Edge_Legacy_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Microsoft Edge 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 35–42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_10" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi Beta 3–1.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 0.13–0.19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 56–63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 51–57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy#Edge_Legacy_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Microsoft Edge 40, 41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 43–49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_11" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.46–2.49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 1.7–1.13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk_(web_browser)" title="Basilisk (web browser)">Basilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 0.20–0.60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 64–71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 58–64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy#Edge_Legacy_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Microsoft Edge 42–44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 50–57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_12" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 1.14–2.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox 56.0–56.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 0.61–1.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 72–79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 65–71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy#Edge_Legacy_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Microsoft Edge 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 58–65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_13" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 2.3–2.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfox" title="Waterfox">Waterfox 60.1–68.0a2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naver_Whale" title="Naver Whale">Whale 1.4–1.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020s98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 1.2–1.18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 80–87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 72–84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#New_Edge_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 79–87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 66–73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 2.11–3.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_14" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 1.19–1.33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 88–96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 85–95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#New_Edge_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 88–96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 74–82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey#Release_history" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey 2.53.10.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 3.6–5.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_15" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(web_browser)#Production_and_release" title="Arc (web browser)">Arc 0.46–0.81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 1.34–1.46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 97–108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 96–108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#New_Edge_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 97–108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 83–94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 5.1–5.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_16" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(web_browser)#Production_and_release" title="Arc (web browser)">Arc 0.85–1.21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 1.47–1.61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 109–120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 109–121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#New_Edge_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 109–120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 95–106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 5.7–6.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_17" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(web_browser)#Production_and_release" title="Arc (web browser)">Arc 1.25–1.74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 1.62–1.73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 121–131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 122–133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#New_Edge_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 121–131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 107–115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 6.6–7.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)#Safari_18" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari 18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2025</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(web_browser)#Production_and_release" title="Arc (web browser)">Arc 1.77–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)#History" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave 1.74–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 132–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_version_history#Release_history" title="Firefox version history">Firefox 134–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge#New_Edge_release_history" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge 132–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Opera_web_browser" title="History of the Opera web browser">Opera 116–</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)#History" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi 7.1–</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/3DMLW" title="3DMLW">3D Markup Language for Web</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALIWEB" title="ALIWEB">ALIWEB</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_wars" title="Browser wars">Browser wars</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm_(email_client)" title="Elm (email client)">Elm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">File Transfer Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HyTelnet" title="HyTelnet">HyTelnet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NCSA_Telnet" title="NCSA Telnet">NCSA Telnet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLS_(computer_system)" title="NLS (computer system)">NLS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prodigy_(online_service)" title="Prodigy (online service)">Prodigy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewdata" title="Viewdata">Viewdata</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VRML" title="VRML">Virtual Reality Markup Language</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">Web page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Internet_User%27s_Guide_and_Catalog" title="Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog">Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X.25" title="X.25">X.25</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_Windows_components875" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Microsoft_Windows_components" title="Template:Microsoft Windows components"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Microsoft_Windows_components" title="Template talk:Microsoft Windows components"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft_Windows_components" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft Windows components"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microsoft_Windows_components875" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Windows_components" title="List of Microsoft Windows components">Microsoft Windows components</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Windows_application_programming_interfaces_and_frameworks" title="List of Microsoft Windows application programming interfaces and frameworks">APIs</a></li> <li>Architecture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_9x" title="Architecture of Windows 9x">9x</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_NT" title="Architecture of Windows NT">NT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booting_process_of_Windows" title="Booting process of Windows">Booting process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_games_included_with_Windows" title="List of games included with Windows">Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management<br />tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/App_Installer" title="App Installer">App Installer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Panel_(Windows)" title="Control Panel (Windows)">Control Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_Manager" title="Device Manager">Device Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectX_Diagnostic_Tool" title="DirectX Diagnostic Tool">DirectX Diagnostic Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Cleanup" title="Disk Cleanup">Disk Cleanup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Drive_Optimizer" title="Microsoft Drive Optimizer">Drive Optimizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driver_Verifier" title="Driver Verifier">Driver Verifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">Event Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IExpress" title="IExpress">IExpress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Management_Console" title="Microsoft Management Console">Management Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netsh" title="Netsh">Netsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Monitor" title="Performance Monitor">Performance Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovery_Console" title="Recovery Console">Recovery Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Monitor" title="Resource Monitor">Resource Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settings_(Windows)" title="Settings (Windows)">Settings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysprep" title="Sysprep">Sysprep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSConfig" title="MSConfig">System Configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_File_Checker" title="System File Checker">System File Checker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Information_(Windows)" title="System Information (Windows)">System Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Policy_Editor" title="System Policy Editor">System Policy Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Restore" title="System Restore">System Restore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Manager_(Windows)" title="Task Manager (Windows)">Task Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Windows Error Reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Ink" title="Windows Ink">Windows Ink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Update" title="Windows Update">Windows Update</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Insider" title="Windows Insider">Windows Insider</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Preinstallation_Environment#Windows_Recovery_Environment" title="Windows Preinstallation Environment">WinRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Management_Instrumentation" title="Windows Management Instrumentation">WMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_3D_Viewer" title="Microsoft 3D Viewer">3D Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Calculator" title="Windows Calculator">Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(Windows)" title="Calendar (Windows)">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Camera" title="Windows Camera">Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_Map_(Windows)" title="Character Map (Windows)">Character Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Art_Search" title="City Art Search">City Art Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Clock" title="Windows Clock">Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Intune" title="Microsoft Intune">Company Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Copilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Fax_and_Scan" title="Windows Fax and Scan">Fax and Scan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedback_Hub" title="Feedback Hub">Feedback Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Help" title="Get Help">Get Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnifier_(Windows)" title="Magnifier (Windows)">Magnifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_(Windows)" title="Mail (Windows)">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Maps" title="Windows Maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Media Player</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player_(2022)" title="Windows Media Player (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mesh" title="Microsoft Mesh">Mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Messaging" title="Microsoft Messaging">Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobility_Center" title="Windows Mobility Center">Mobility Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Money" title="MSN">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Movies & TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrator_(Windows)" title="Narrator (Windows)">Narrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Notepad" title="Windows Notepad">Notepad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Paint" title="Microsoft Paint">Paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PC_Manager" title="Microsoft PC Manager">PC Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_(Windows)" title="People (Windows)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_Link" title="Phone Link">Phone Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Windows)" title="Photos (Windows)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Assist" title="Quick Assist">Quick Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Desktop Connection">Remote Desktop Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snipping_Tool" title="Snipping Tool">Snipping Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Speech_Recognition" title="Windows Speech Recognition">Speech Recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Sports" title="MSN">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_Notes" title="Sticky Notes">Sticky Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Tips" title="Microsoft Tips">Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_Recorder_(Windows)" title="Sound Recorder (Windows)">Voice Recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Weather" title="MSN">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Whiteboard" title="Microsoft Whiteboard">Whiteboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_(app)" title="Xbox (app)">Xbox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_shell" title="Windows shell">Shell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Center" title="Action Center">Action Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Aero" title="Windows Aero">Aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoPlay" title="AutoPlay">AutoPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoRun" title="AutoRun">AutoRun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClearType" title="ClearType">ClearType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Explorer" title="File Explorer">Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Search" title="Windows Search">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IFilter" title="IFilter">IFilter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexing_Service" title="Indexing Service">Indexing Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Shell_namespace" title="Windows Shell namespace">Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_folder#Windows" title="Virtual folder">Saved search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_folder" title="Special folder">Special folder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start_menu" title="Start menu">Start menu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_View" title="Task View">Task View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taskbar" title="Taskbar">Taskbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Spotlight" title="Windows Spotlight">Windows Spotlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_visual_styles" title="Windows XP visual styles">Windows XP visual styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_service" title="Windows service">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">BITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Log_File_System" title="Common Log File System">CLFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Error Reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Class_Scheduler_Service" title="Multimedia Class Scheduler Service">Multimedia Class Scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Control_Manager" title="Service Control Manager">Service Control Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">Task Scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Zero_Configuration" title="Wireless Zero Configuration">Wireless Zero Configuration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">CDFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">DFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installable_File_System" title="Installable File System">IFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">EFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_link" title="Hard link">Hard link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_links" title="NTFS links">links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_volume_mount_point" title="NTFS volume mount point">Mount Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_reparse_point" title="NTFS reparse point">Reparse point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transactional_NTFS" title="Transactional NTFS">TxF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReFS" title="ReFS">ReFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory_Rights_Management_Services" title="Active Directory Rights Management Services">Active DRM Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Replication_Service" title="File Replication Service">DFS Replication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Distributed_Transaction_Coordinator" title="Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator">Distributed Transaction Coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_DNS" title="Microsoft DNS">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_domain" title="Windows domain">Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folder_redirection" title="Folder redirection">Folder redirection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Information_Services" title="Internet Information Services">IIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Message_Queuing" title="Microsoft Message Queuing">MSMQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Access_Protection" title="Network Access Protection">Network Access Protection</a></li> <li>Print Services for UNIX</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Personal_Web_Server" title="Microsoft Personal Web Server">PWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Differential_Compression" title="Remote Differential Compression">Remote Differential Compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Installation_Services" title="Remote Installation Services">Remote Installation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaming_user_profile" title="Roaming user profile">Roaming user profiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Core" title="Server Core">Server Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Resource_Manager" title="Windows System Resource Manager">System Resource Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Deployment_Services" title="Windows Deployment Services">Windows Deployment Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Services" title="Windows Media Services">Windows Media Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_Update_Services" title="Windows Server Update Services">WSUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Boot_Manager" title="Windows Boot Manager">Boot Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Client/Server_Runtime_Subsystem" title="Client/Server Runtime Subsystem">CSRSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Write_Filter" title="Enhanced Write Filter">Enhanced Write Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_Device_Interface" title="Graphics Device Interface">Graphics Device Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files#Hardware_Abstraction_Layer" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Hardware Abstraction Layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I/O_request_packet" title="I/O request packet">I/O request packet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Imaging_Format" title="Windows Imaging Format">Imaging Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_Transaction_Manager" title="Kernel Transaction Manager">Kernel Transaction Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Library files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_Disk_Manager" title="Logical Disk Manager">Logical Disk Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Security_Authority_Subsystem_Service" title="Local Security Authority Subsystem Service">LSASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MinWin" title="MinWin">MinWin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTLDR" title="NTLDR">NTLDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntoskrnl.exe" title="Ntoskrnl.exe">Ntoskrnl.exe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Manager" title="Object Manager">Object Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Executable" title="Portable Executable">Portable Executable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">DLL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.exe" title=".exe">EXE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Resource_Protection" title="Windows Resource Protection">Resource Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Account_Manager" title="Security Account Manager">Security Account Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_Manager_Subsystem" title="Session Manager Subsystem">SMSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Idle_Process" title="System Idle Process">System Idle Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_USER" title="Windows USER">USER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Error_Architecture" title="Windows Hardware Error Architecture">WHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winlogon" title="Winlogon">Winlogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_and_Maintenance" title="Security and Maintenance">Security and Maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppLocker" title="AppLocker">AppLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitLocker" title="BitLocker">BitLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credential_Guard" title="Credential Guard">Credential Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Execution Prevention">Data Execution Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">Defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_family_features" title="Microsoft family features">Family features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_Patch_Protection" title="Kernel Patch Protection">Kernel Patch Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Integrity_Control" title="Mandatory Integrity Control">Mandatory Integrity Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_Media_Path" title="Protected Media Path">Protected Media Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Account_Control" title="User Account Control">User Account Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Interface_Privilege_Isolation" title="User Interface Privilege Isolation">User Interface Privilege Isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Firewall" title="Windows Firewall">Windows Firewall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compatibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WoW64" title="WoW64">WoW64</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">WSH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX_Document" title="ActiveX Document">ActiveX Document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">DCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Transaction_Server" title="Microsoft Transaction Server">Transaction Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Native_API" title="Windows Native API">Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">WinAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Runtime" title="Windows Runtime">Windows Runtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire_Collection" title="Microsoft Solitaire Collection">Solitaire Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surf_(video_game)" title="Surf (video game)">Surf</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Full_Tilt!_Pinball#3D_Pinball_for_Windows_–_Space_Cadet" title="Full Tilt! Pinball">3D Pinball</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chess_Titans" title="Chess Titans">Chess Titans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_FreeCell" title="Microsoft FreeCell">FreeCell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Hearts" title="Microsoft Hearts">Hearts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windows_Ultimate_Extras" title="Windows Ultimate Extras">Hold 'Em</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InkBall" title="InkBall">InkBall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purble_Place" title="Purble Place">Purble Place</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Solitaire">Solitaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Spider_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Spider Solitaire">Spider Solitaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Tinker" title="Microsoft Tinker">Tinker</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActiveMovie" title="ActiveMovie">ActiveMovie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Address_Book" title="Windows Address Book">Address Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Anytime_Upgrade" title="Windows Anytime Upgrade">Anytime Upgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_and_Restore" title="Backup and Restore">Backup and Restore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardfile" title="Cardfile">Cardfile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">CardSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Player_(Windows)" title="CD Player (Windows)">CD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Chat" title="Windows Chat">Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Contacts" title="Windows Contacts">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortana_(virtual_assistant)" title="Cortana (virtual assistant)">Cortana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Desktop_Gadgets" title="Windows Desktop Gadgets">Desktop Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Diagnostics" title="Microsoft Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DriveSpace" title="DriveSpace">DriveSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_DVD_Maker" title="Windows DVD Maker">DVD Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Easy_Transfer" title="Windows Easy Transfer">Easy Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Edge Legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Fax" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Food_%26_Drink" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Food & Drink">Food & Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Music" title="Groove Music">Groove Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Health_%26_Fitness" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Health & Fitness">Health & Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help_and_Support_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Help and Support Center">Help and Support Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperACCESS" 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cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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