CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Galactic Energy Welkin - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"488ebf35-caf3-40a0-83ed-02b0abb416f3","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Galactic_Energy_Welkin","wgTitle":"Galactic Energy Welkin","wgCurRevisionId":1229962708,"wgRevisionId":1229962708,"wgArticleId":71487756,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text","All stub articles","Rocket engines of China","Rocket engines using kerosene propellant","Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle","Rocketry stubs"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Galactic_Energy_Welkin","wgRelevantArticleId":71487756,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q113581565","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Galactic Energy Welkin - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_Energy_Welkin"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_Energy_Welkin"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Galactic_Energy_Welkin rootpage-Galactic_Energy_Welkin skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Galactic+Energy+Welkin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Galactic+Energy+Welkin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Galactic+Energy+Welkin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Galactic+Energy+Welkin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Galactic Energy Welkin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8D%E7%A9%B9%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="苍穹火箭发动机 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苍穹火箭发动机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q113581565#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Energy_Welkin" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Galactic_Energy_Welkin" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Energy_Welkin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Energy_Welkin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Galactic_Energy_Welkin" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Galactic_Energy_Welkin" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&oldid=1229962708" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&id=1229962708&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGalactic_Energy_Welkin"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGalactic_Energy_Welkin"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q113581565" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Welkin</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Energy" title="Galactic Energy">Galactic Energy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Application</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Booster_(rocketry)" title="Booster (rocketry)">Booster stage</a> engines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper stage">Upper stage</a> engine</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Under development</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket" title="Liquid-propellant rocket">Liquid-fuel engine</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/LOX" class="mw-redirect" title="LOX">LOX</a> / <a href="/wiki/RP-1" title="RP-1">RP-1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cycle</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gas-generator_cycle" title="Gas-generator cycle">Gas-generator cycle</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">Performance</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Thrust, vacuum</th><td class="infobox-data">500 <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">kilonewtons</a> (110,000 <a href="/wiki/Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">lbf</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Thrust, sea-level</th><td class="infobox-data">400 <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">kilonewtons</a> (90,000 <a href="/wiki/Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">lbf</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratio" title="Thrust-to-weight ratio">Thrust-to-weight ratio</a></th><td class="infobox-data">>120</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chamber <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8.0 MPa (1,160 psi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">Used in</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Pallas-1" title="Pallas-1">Pallas-1</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">References</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notes</th><td class="infobox-data"><sup id="cite_ref-ge-disc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ge-disc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Welkin</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">苍穹</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Cāngqióng</span></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Gas-generator_cycle" title="Gas-generator cycle">gas-generator cycle</a> <a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine" title="Rocket engine">rocket engine</a> burning <a href="/wiki/RP-1" title="RP-1">RP-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">liquid oxygen</a> under development by <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Energy" title="Galactic Energy">Galactic Energy</a>. The engine features a <a href="/wiki/Pintle_injector" title="Pintle injector">pintle</a> type injector, a double suction coaxial split turbine pump, and a gas generator using vortex principle.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine was built with reusability in mind and can be deep throttled to 20% and re-used up to 50 times.<sup id="cite_ref-ge-disc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ge-disc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Galactic Energy's <a href="/wiki/Pallas-1" title="Pallas-1">Pallas-1</a> reusable launcher will be powered by Welkin engines. Seven Welkin engines producing 280 tonnes of thrust will be powering the first stage, while the second stage will be powered by a single vacuum-optimized engine.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine successfully completed its first full-power test in March 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ge-disc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ge-disc_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ge-disc_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galactic-energy.cn/index.php/En/List/cid/18">"WELKIN REUSABLE LOX / KEROSENE ENGINE"</a>. <i>www.galactic-energy.cn</i>. Galactic Energy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.galactic-energy.cn&rft.atitle=WELKIN+REUSABLE+LOX+%2F+KEROSENE+ENGINE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galactic-energy.cn%2Findex.php%2FEn%2FList%2Fcid%2F18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalactic+Energy+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_4/Galactic-Energy_Pallas/Description/Frame.htm">"Pallas-1"</a>. <i>www.b14643.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.b14643.de&rft.atitle=Pallas-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.b14643.de%2FSpacerockets_4%2FGalactic-Energy_Pallas%2FDescription%2FFrame.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalactic+Energy+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westeastspace.com/2019/07/19/will-this-chinese-company-be-the-next-spacex/">"Will This Chinese Company be the next SpaceX?"</a>. <i>West East Space</i>. 19 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=West+East+Space&rft.atitle=Will+This+Chinese+Company+be+the+next+SpaceX%3F&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwesteastspace.com%2F2019%2F07%2F19%2Fwill-this-chinese-company-be-the-next-spacex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalactic+Energy+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2021" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Andrew (7 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/chinese-private-firm-galactic-energy-puts-five-satellites-in-orbit-with-second-launch/">"Chinese private firm Galactic Energy puts five satellites in orbit with second launch"</a>. <i>SpaceNews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=Chinese+private+firm+Galactic+Energy+puts+five+satellites+in+orbit+with+second+launch&rft.date=2021-12-07&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fchinese-private-firm-galactic-energy-puts-five-satellites-in-orbit-with-second-launch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalactic+Energy+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pandaily.com/private-chinese-aerospace-firm-galactic-energy-completes-rocket-engine-test/">"Private Chinese Aerospace Firm Galactic Energy Completes Rocket Engine Test"</a>. <i>Pandaily</i>. 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pandaily&rft.atitle=Private+Chinese+Aerospace+Firm+Galactic+Energy+Completes+Rocket+Engine+Test&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpandaily.com%2Fprivate-chinese-aerospace-firm-galactic-energy-completes-rocket-engine-test%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGalactic+Energy+Welkin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rocket_engines_and_solid_motors_for_orbital_launch_vehicles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rocket_engines" title="Template:Rocket engines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rocket_engines" title="Template talk:Rocket engines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rocket_engines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rocket engines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rocket_engines_and_solid_motors_for_orbital_launch_vehicles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine" title="Rocket engine">Rocket engines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solid_rocket_booster" title="Solid rocket booster">solid motors</a> for <a href="/wiki/Orbital_spaceflight" title="Orbital spaceflight">orbital</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_rocket_engines" title="Comparison of orbital rocket engines">Comparison of orbital rocket engines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket" title="Liquid-propellant rocket">Liquid <br />fuel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_fuel" title="Cryogenic fuel">Cryogenic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hydrolox <br />(<a href="/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen" title="Liquid hydrogen">LH<sub>2</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YF-73" title="YF-73">YF-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-75" title="YF-75">YF-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-75D" title="YF-75D">YF-75D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-77" title="YF-77">YF-77</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YF-79" title="YF-79">YF-79</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YF-90" title="YF-90">YF-90</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HM7B" title="HM7B">HM7B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinci_(rocket_engine)" title="Vinci (rocket engine)">Vinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcain_(rocket_engine)" title="Vulcain (rocket engine)">Vulcain</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CE-7.5" title="CE-7.5">CE-7.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CE-20" title="CE-20">CE-20</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LE-5" title="LE-5">LE-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LE-7" title="LE-7">LE-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LE-9" title="LE-9">LE-9</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KVD-1" title="KVD-1">KVD-1 (RD-56)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0120" title="RD-0120">RD-0120</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RD-0146" title="RD-0146">RD-0146</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BE-3U" class="mw-redirect" title="BE-3U">BE-3U</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BE-7" title="BE-7">BE-7</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocketdyne_J-2" title="Rocketdyne J-2">J-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RL10" title="RL10">RL10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-25" title="RS-25">RS-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-68" title="RS-68">RS-68</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methalox <br />(<a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">CH<sub>4</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>China <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BF-20" title="BF-20">BF-20</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lingyun_(rocket_engine)" title="Lingyun (rocket engine)">Lingyun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Longyun_(rocket_engine)" title="Longyun (rocket engine)">Longyun</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TQ-11" title="TQ-11">TQ-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TQ-12" title="TQ-12">TQ-12</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TQ-15" title="TQ-15">TQ-15A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YF-209" title="YF-209">YF-209</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YF-215" title="YF-215">YF-215</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BE-4" title="BE-4">BE-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Raptor" title="SpaceX Raptor">Raptor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Archimedes_(rocket_engine)" title="Archimedes (rocket engine)">Archimedes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Relativity_Space#Aeon_1" title="Relativity Space">Aeon 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Relativity_Space#Aeon_R" title="Relativity Space">Aeon R</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/RD-0169" title="RD-0169">RD-0169</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(rocket_engine)" title="Prometheus (rocket engine)">Prometheus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M10_(rocket_engine)" title="M10 (rocket engine)">M-10</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semi-<br />cryogenic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kerolox_(RP-1_/_LOX)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kerolox <br />(<a href="/wiki/RP-1" title="RP-1">RP-1</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TH-11" title="TH-11">TH-11</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TH-12" title="TH-12">TH-12</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-100" title="YF-100">YF-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-102_(rocket_engine)" title="YF-102 (rocket engine)">YF-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-115" title="YF-115">YF-115</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YF-130" title="YF-130">YF-130</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welkin</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/SCE-200" title="SCE-200">SCE-200</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NK-15" title="NK-15">NK-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NK-33" title="NK-33">NK-33, 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-58" title="RD-58">RD-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0109" title="RD-0109">RD-0105, 0109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0110" title="RD-0110">RD-0107, 0108, 0110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0110R" title="RD-0110R">RD-0110R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0124" title="RD-0124">RD-0124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-107" title="RD-107">RD-107, 108, 117, 118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-120" title="RD-120">RD-120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-170" title="RD-170">RD-170, 171</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-180" title="RD-180">RD-180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-191" title="RD-191">RD-191, 151, 181</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RD-193" title="RD-193">RD-193</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S1.5400" title="S1.5400">S1.5400</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TEPREL" title="TEPREL">TEPREL</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RD-8" title="RD-8">RD-8</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RD-801" title="RD-801">RD-801</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RD-810" title="RD-810">RD-810</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocketdyne_F-1" title="Rocketdyne F-1">F-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocketdyne_H-1" title="Rocketdyne H-1">H-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Kestrel" title="SpaceX Kestrel">Kestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-17_Thor#Specifications_(PGM-17A)" title="PGM-17 Thor">LR-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR89" title="LR89">LR89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR105" title="LR105">LR105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-19_Jupiter" title="PGM-19 Jupiter">LR70-NA , S-3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Merlin" title="SpaceX Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-27" title="RS-27">RS-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-27A" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-27A">RS-27A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-56" title="RS-56">RS-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocketdyne_S-3D" title="Rocketdyne S-3D">S-3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_(rocket_engine)" title="Rutherford (rocket engine)">Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLR50" title="XLR50">XLR50</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hypergolic_(Aerozine,_UH_25,_MMH,_or_UDMH_/_N2O4,_MON,_or_HNO3)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypergolic_propellant" title="Hypergolic propellant">Hypergolic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aerozine_50" title="Aerozine 50">Aerozine</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/UH_25" title="UH 25">UH 25</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monomethylhydrazine" title="Monomethylhydrazine">MMH</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine" title="Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine">UDMH</a> <br />/ <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_oxides_of_nitrogen" title="Mixed oxides of nitrogen">MON</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">HNO<sub>3</sub></a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YF-1" title="YF-1">YF-1, 2, 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-20" title="YF-20">YF-20, 21, 22, 24, 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-23_(rocket_engine)" title="YF-23 (rocket engine)">YF-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YF-40" title="YF-40">YF-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanzheng" title="Yuanzheng">YF-50D</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestus" title="Aestus">Aestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astris_(rocket_engine)" title="Astris (rocket engine)">Astris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant#Vexin" title="Diamant">Vexin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_(rocket_engine)" title="Viking (rocket engine)">Viking</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle#Vehicle_description" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">PS4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikas_(rocket_engine)" title="Vikas (rocket engine)">Vikas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">LK-4</a></li></ul></li> <li>North Korea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RD-250" title="RD-250">Paektusan LRE</a> along other LREs</li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikar_(rocket_stage)" title="Ikar (rocket stage)">17D61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0210" title="RD-0210">RD-0202 to 0206, 0208 to 0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0214" title="RD-0214">RD-0207, 0214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0216" title="RD-0216">RD-0216, 0217, 0235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0233" title="RD-0233">RD-0233, 0234</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0236" title="RD-0236">RD-0236</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0237" title="RD-0237">RD-0237</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0243" title="RD-0243">RD-0243 to 0245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0255" title="RD-0255">RD-0255 to 0257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-215" title="RD-215">RD-215 to 219</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-250" title="RD-250">RD-250 to 252, 261, 262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-253" title="RD-253">RD-253, 275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-263" title="RD-263">RD-263, 268, 273</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RD-270" title="RD-270">RD-270</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S5.92" title="S5.92">S5.92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S5.98M" title="S5.98M">S5.98M</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RD-843" title="RD-843">RD-843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-861" title="RD-861">RD-854, 861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-855" title="RD-855">RD-855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-856" title="RD-856">RD-856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-864" title="RD-864">RD-864, 869</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AJ10" title="AJ10">AJ10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerojet_LR87" title="Aerojet LR87">LR-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR91" title="LR91">LR-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-88" title="RS-88">RS-88</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-201" title="TR-201">TR-201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLR81" title="XLR81">XLR81</a>*</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RD-119" title="RD-119">RD-109, 119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-214" title="RD-214">RD-211 to 214</a></li></ul></li> <li>UK <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Siddeley_Gamma" title="Bristol Siddeley Gamma">Gamma</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curie_(rocket_engine)" title="Curie (rocket engine)">Curie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-88" title="RS-88">RS-88</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLR81" title="XLR81">XLR81</a>*</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/RS-68_rocket_engine_test.jpg/120px-RS-68_rocket_engine_test.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/RS-68_rocket_engine_test.jpg/180px-RS-68_rocket_engine_test.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/RS-68_rocket_engine_test.jpg/240px-RS-68_rocket_engine_test.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solid-propellant_rocket" title="Solid-propellant rocket">Solid <br />fuel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FG-02" title="FG-02">FG-02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FG-36" title="FG-36">FG-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FG-46" title="FG-46">FG-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FG-47" title="FG-47">FG-47</a></li> <li>SpaB-65</li> <li>SpaB-140C</li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1">Mage 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant#P-4" title="Diamant">P-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant#P-6" title="Diamant">P-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_4" title="Ariane 4">PAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P80_(rocket_stage)" title="P80 (rocket stage)">P80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P120C" title="P120C">P120C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">P230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant#Topaze" title="Diamant">Topaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxwing_(rocket_motor)" title="Waxwing (rocket motor)">Waxwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zefiro_(rocket_stage)" title="Zefiro (rocket stage)">Zefiro 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zefiro_(rocket_stage)" title="Zefiro (rocket stage)">Zefiro 23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zefiro_(rocket_stage)" title="Zefiro (rocket stage)">Zefiro 40</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle#Vehicle_description" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">S7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle#Vehicle_description" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">S9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle#Vehicle_description" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">S12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle#Vehicle_description" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle">S139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle_Mk_III#Vehicle_description" class="mw-redirect" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III">S200</a></li></ul></li> <li>Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salman_(rocket_motor)" title="Salman (rocket motor)">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaem_100_(rocket)#Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaem 100 (rocket)">Rafe</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">LK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">RSA-3</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">KM-V1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)" title="Epsilon (rocket)">KM-V2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">M-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">M-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">M-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)" title="Epsilon (rocket)">M-34c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRB-A" title="SRB-A">SRB-A</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AJ-60A" title="AJ-60A">AJ-60A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algol_(rocket_stage)" title="Algol (rocket stage)">Algol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_(rocket_stage)" title="Castor (rocket stage)">Castor 30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphite-Epoxy_Motor" title="Graphite-Epoxy Motor">GEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_Upper_Stage" title="Inertial Upper Stage">Orbus-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_Upper_Stage" title="Inertial Upper Stage">Orbus-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(rocket_stage)" title="Orion (rocket stage)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster" title="Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster">Space Shuttle SRB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_(rocket_stage)" title="Star (rocket stage)">Star 37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_48" title="Star 48">Star 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UA120" title="UA120">UA120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Rocket_Motor_Upgrade" title="Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade">SRMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-248" class="mw-redirect" title="X-248">X-248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-254" class="mw-redirect" title="X-254">X-254</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>* Different versions of the engine use different propellant combinations</li> <li>Engines in <i>italics</i> are under development</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shuttle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shuttle.svg/20px-Shuttle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shuttle.svg/30px-Shuttle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shuttle.svg/40px-Shuttle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="2476" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This rocketry article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rocket-stub" title="Template:Rocket-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rocket-stub" title="Template talk:Rocket-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rocket-stub" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rocket-stub"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&oldid=1229962708">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&oldid=1229962708</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rocket_engines_of_China" title="Category:Rocket engines of China">Rocket engines of China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rocket_engines_using_kerosene_propellant" title="Category:Rocket engines using kerosene propellant">Rocket engines using kerosene propellant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rocket_engines_using_the_gas-generator_cycle" title="Category:Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle">Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rocketry_stubs" title="Category:Rocketry stubs">Rocketry stubs</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text">Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles" title="Category:All stub articles">All stub articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 June 2024, at 18:41<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galactic_Energy_Welkin&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-72jvb","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.310","walltime":"0.406","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1051,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":67233,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1078,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":31692,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 334.656 1 -total"," 33.26% 111.315 1 Template:Reflist"," 30.91% 103.456 5 Template:Navbox"," 29.15% 97.563 1 Template:Rocket_engines"," 28.65% 95.888 5 Template:Cite_web"," 27.71% 92.717 1 Template:Infobox_rocket_engine"," 24.18% 80.927 1 Template:Infobox"," 7.81% 26.141 3 Template:Convert"," 6.14% 20.558 1 Template:Rocket-stub"," 5.16% 17.259 1 Template:Asbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.196","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6160299,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-69d566d96b-95t65","timestamp":"20241119075653","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Galactic Energy Welkin","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galactic_Energy_Welkin","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q113581565","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q113581565","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2022-08-09T04:33:44Z","dateModified":"2024-06-19T18:41:17Z"}</script> </body> </html>