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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weimar_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weimar_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Weimar Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weimar_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_Federal_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_Federal_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>German Federal Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_Federal_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Physical geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjacent_cities_and_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjacent_cities_and_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Adjacent cities and districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjacent_cities_and_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boroughs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boroughs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Boroughs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boroughs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mayor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>City council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Financial_center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Financial center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Düsseldorf_Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Düsseldorf_Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Düsseldorf Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Düsseldorf_Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Taxi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carsharing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carsharing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Carsharing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carsharing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Highway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Highway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Cycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture and recreation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_recreation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and recreation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Beer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_nightlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_nightlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Music and nightlife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_nightlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Fashion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carnival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carnival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Carnival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carnival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Düsseldorf's_cartwheeler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Düsseldorf's_cartwheeler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Düsseldorf's cartwheeler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Düsseldorf's_cartwheeler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legends_of_its_origin_and_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legends_of_its_origin_and_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5.1</span> <span>Legends of its origin and history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legends_of_its_origin_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cartwheelers_in_the_cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cartwheelers_in_the_cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5.1.1</span> <span>Cartwheelers in the cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cartwheelers_in_the_cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christmas_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christmas_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Christmas market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christmas_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivalry_with_Cologne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivalry_with_Cologne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.9</span> <span>Rivalry with Cologne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivalry_with_Cologne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10</span> <span>Theatres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums,_arts_and_history_institutes,_and_other_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums,_arts_and_history_institutes,_and_other_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.11</span> <span>Museums, arts and history institutes, and other attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums,_arts_and_history_institutes,_and_other_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.12</span> <span>Parks and gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_and_live_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_and_live_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports and live events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_and_live_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Twin towns – sister cities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Friendship_and_cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friendship_and_cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Friendship and cooperation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friendship_and_cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Born_before_1850" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Born_before_1850"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Born before 1850</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Born_before_1850-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Born_1851–1900" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Born_1851–1900"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Born 1851–1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Born_1851–1900-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Born_after_1900" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Born_after_1900"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Born after 1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Born_after_1900-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associated_with_Düsseldorf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associated_with_Düsseldorf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Associated with Düsseldorf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associated_with_Düsseldorf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Düsseldorf</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 145 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-145" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">145 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B2%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%B6%E1%88%AD%E1%8D%8D" title="ዲውስልዶርፍ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዲውስልዶርፍ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyssel%C3%BEorp" title="Dysselþorp – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Dysselþorp" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="دوسلدورف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوسلدورف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="دوسلدورف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دوسلدورف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AB" title="ডুসেলডর্ফ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডুসেলডর্ফ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дзюсельдорф – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзюсельдорф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дусэльдорф – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дусэльдорф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дюселдорф – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дюселдорф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCssldoaf" title="Düssldoaf – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Düssldoaf" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дюссельдорф – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Дюссельдорф" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_(kapital_sa_estado_pederal)" title="Düsseldorf (kapital sa estado pederal) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Düsseldorf (kapital sa estado pederal)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86" title="Ντύσσελντορφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντύσσελντορφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duseldorfo" title="Duseldorfo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Duseldorfo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="دوسلدورف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوسلدورف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%92%A4%EC%85%80%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%94%84" title="뒤셀도르프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뒤셀도르프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%86" title="Դյուսելդորֆ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դյուսելդորֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC" title="डसेलडॉर्फ़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डसेलडॉर्फ़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дюссельдорф – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дюссельдорф" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A3" title="דיסלדורף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דיסלדורף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="დიუსელდორფი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიუსელდორფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дюссельдорф – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дюссельдорф" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дюссельдорф – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дюссельдорф" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusseldorpium" title="Dusseldorpium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dusseldorpium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseldorfa" title="Diseldorfa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Diseldorfa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuseldorfas" title="Diuseldorfas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Diuseldorfas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusseld%C3%B6rp" title="Dusseldörp – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Dusseldörp" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Диселдорф – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Диселдорф" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡൂസൽഡോർഫ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡൂസൽഡോർഫ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB" title="ड्युसेलडॉर्फ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ड्युसेलडॉर्फ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="დიუსელდორფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიუსელდორფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="دوسلدورف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دوسلدورف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="دوسلدورف – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دوسلدورف" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дюссельдорф – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дюссельдорф" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B7%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဒပ်ဆဲလ်ဒေါ့ဖ်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒပ်ဆဲလ်ဒေါ့ဖ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusseld%C3%B6rp" title="Dusseldörp – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Dusseldörp" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95" title="デュッセルドルフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デュッセルドルフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дуьссельдорф – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дуьссельдорф" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дюссельдорф – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Дюссельдорф" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusseldorf" title="Dusseldorf – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dusseldorf" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%B3%D9%84%DA%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="ڈسلڈورف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈسلڈورف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="دوسلدورف – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دوسلدورف" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseld%C3%B6rp" title="Düsseldörp – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Düsseldörp" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дюссельдорф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дюссельдорф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyzeldorfi" title="Dyzeldorfi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dyzeldorfi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D8%B2%D9%84%DA%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="ڊزلڊورف – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊزلڊورف" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%B1%D9%81" title="دوسلدۆرف – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دوسلدۆرف" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Диселдорф – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Диселдорф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="தியூசல்டோர்ஃபு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தியூசல்டோர்ஃபு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дүсселдорф – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дүсселдорф" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F" title="ดึสเซิลดอร์ฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดึสเซิลดอร์ฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Дюссельдорф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дюссельдорф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%B3%D9%84%DA%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="ڈسلڈورف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈسلڈورف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCssel%27dorf" title="Düssel'dorf – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Düssel'dorf" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB" title="杜塞尔多夫 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="杜塞尔多夫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A3" title="דיסלדארף – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דיסלדארף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB" title="杜塞多夫 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="杜塞多夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Düsseldorf" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB" title="杜塞尔多夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杜塞尔多夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusseldorf" title="Dusseldorf – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Dusseldorf" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1718#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf,_Germany&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf, Germany">Düsseldorf, Germany</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Germany. For the album, see <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_(album)" title="Düsseldorf (album)"><i>Düsseldorf</i> (album)</a>. For the cargo ship, see <a href="/wiki/SS_D%C3%BCsseldorf_(1909)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Düsseldorf (1909)">SS <i>Düsseldorf</i> (1909)</a>. For the fishing vessel and <i>vorpostenboot</i>, see <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_607_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="German trawler V 607 Düsseldorf">German trawler V 607 Düsseldorf</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Düsseldorf </span></div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><small><i>Düsseldörp</i> (<a href="/wiki/Low_Franconian" title="Low Franconian">Low Franconian</a>)<br /> <i>Düsseldörp</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_language" title="Ripuarian language">Ripuarian</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rheinkniebr%C3%BCcke_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dusseldorf at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Rheinkniebr%C3%BCcke_at_night.jpg/268px-Rheinkniebr%C3%BCcke_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Rheinkniebr%C3%BCcke_at_night.jpg/402px-Rheinkniebr%C3%BCcke_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Rheinkniebr%C3%BCcke_at_night.jpg/536px-Rheinkniebr%C3%BCcke_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Nightly view of Düsseldorf with illuminated <a href="/wiki/Rheinturm" title="Rheinturm">Rhine Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rheinkniebr%C3%BCcke" title="Rheinkniebrücke">Rheinkniebrücke</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Neuer Zollhof" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg/132px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg/198px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg/264px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="5000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Neuer_Zollhof" title="Neuer Zollhof">Neuer Zollhof</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ko-Bogen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg/132px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg/198px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg/264px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="5000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6-Bogen" class="extiw" title="de:Kö-Bogen">Kö-Bogen</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00579.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Standehaus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00579.jpg/132px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00579.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00579.jpg/198px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00579.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00579.jpg/264px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00579.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Kunstsammlung_Nordrhein-Westfalen#The_K21_in_the_Ständehaus" title="Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen">Ständehaus</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Koenigsallee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg/132px-Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg/198px-Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg/264px-Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsallee" class="mw-redirect" title="Königsallee">Königsallee</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6nigsallee_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_Girardetbr%C3%BCcke_bei_Nacht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bridge Girardet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/K%C3%B6nigsallee_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_Girardetbr%C3%BCcke_bei_Nacht.jpg/132px-K%C3%B6nigsallee_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_Girardetbr%C3%BCcke_bei_Nacht.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/K%C3%B6nigsallee_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_Girardetbr%C3%BCcke_bei_Nacht.jpg/198px-K%C3%B6nigsallee_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_Girardetbr%C3%BCcke_bei_Nacht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/K%C3%B6nigsallee_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_Girardetbr%C3%BCcke_bei_Nacht.jpg/264px-K%C3%B6nigsallee_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_Girardetbr%C3%BCcke_bei_Nacht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1855" data-file-height="1237" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Girardet Bridge</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Palace Gardens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg/132px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg/198px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg/264px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Gardens of <a href="/wiki/Benrath_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Benrath Palace">Benrath Palace</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_der_Landeshauptstadt_Duesseldorf.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Düsseldorf"><img alt="Flag of Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flagge_der_Landeshauptstadt_Duesseldorf.svg/100px-Flagge_der_Landeshauptstadt_Duesseldorf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flagge_der_Landeshauptstadt_Duesseldorf.svg/150px-Flagge_der_Landeshauptstadt_Duesseldorf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flagge_der_Landeshauptstadt_Duesseldorf.svg/200px-Flagge_der_Landeshauptstadt_Duesseldorf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Düsseldorf"><img alt="Coat of arms of Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg/67px-DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="67" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg/101px-DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg/135px-DEU_D%C3%BCsseldorf_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="816" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:line; margin-top:0.2px"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="height:auto; padding:0.1em; padding-left:0.3em; padding-right:1.5em;">Location of Düsseldorf</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_rhine_w_D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/North_rhine_w_D.svg/250px-North_rhine_w_D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/North_rhine_w_D.svg/375px-North_rhine_w_D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/North_rhine_w_D.svg/500px-North_rhine_w_D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Düsseldorf is located in Germany"><img alt="Düsseldorf is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.949%;left:12.83%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Düsseldorf"><img alt="Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Düsseldorf </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Düsseldorf is located in North Rhine-Westphalia"><img alt="Düsseldorf is located in North Rhine-Westphalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/250px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/375px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/500px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="524" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.963%;left:26.021%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Düsseldorf"><img alt="Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Düsseldorf </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=D%C3%BCsseldorf&params=51_14_N_6_47_E_type:city(631217)_region:DE-NW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°14′N</span> <span class="longitude">6°47′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.233°N 6.783°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.233; 6.783</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Admin. region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_(region)" title="Düsseldorf (region)">Düsseldorf </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data">10 boroughs, 50 quarters</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord mayor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–25) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephan_Keller_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephan Keller (politician) (page does not exist)">Stephan Keller</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing parties</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">217.41 km<sup>2</sup> (83.94 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">38 m (125 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">631,217</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,900/km<sup>2</sup> (7,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,220,000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,300,000 (<a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">40210–40629</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0211, 0203, 02104</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Germany" title="Vehicle registration plates of Germany">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">D</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/">www<wbr />.duesseldorf<wbr />.de</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_Duesseldorf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Banner_Duesseldorf.svg/70px-Banner_Duesseldorf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Banner_Duesseldorf.svg/105px-Banner_Duesseldorf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Banner_Duesseldorf.svg/140px-Banner_Duesseldorf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption>Banner</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Logo_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg/220px-Logo_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Logo_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg/330px-Logo_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Logo_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg/440px-Logo_D%C3%BCsseldorf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="123" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the city of Düsseldorf</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Düsseldorf</b><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital city of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, the most populous <a href="/wiki/State_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Germany">state of Germany</a>. It is the second-largest city in the state after <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_with_more_than_100,000_inhabitants" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants">seventh-largest city in Germany</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a 2022 population of 629,047.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCssel" title="Düssel">Düssel</a>, from which the city and the borough of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseltal" title="Düsseltal">Düsseltal</a> take their name, divides into four separate branches within the city,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each with its own mouth into the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhine" title="Lower Rhine">Lower Rhine</a>). Most of Düsseldorf lies on the right bank of the Rhine, and the city has grown together with <a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ratingen" title="Ratingen">Ratingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meerbusch" title="Meerbusch">Meerbusch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erkrath" title="Erkrath">Erkrath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monheim_am_Rhein" title="Monheim am Rhein">Monheim am Rhein</a>. Düsseldorf is the central city of the metropolitan region <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_EU_metropolitan_regions_by_GDP#2021_ranking_of_top_4_German_metropolitan_regions" title="List of EU metropolitan regions by GDP">second biggest metropolitan region by GDP</a> in the European Union, that stretches from <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> via <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and Düsseldorf to the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a> via <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>). </p><p>The <i>-dorf</i> suffix means "village" in German (English <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Thorp" title="Thorp">thorp</a></i>); its use is unusual for a settlement as large as Düsseldorf. Linguistically, Düsseldorf is the largest city in the German part of the <a href="/wiki/Low_Franconian" title="Low Franconian">Low Franconian</a> area, dialects that are closely related to <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>. </p><p>Düsseldorf is an international business and financial centre, renowned for its fashion and trade fairs,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is headquarters to one <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</a> and two <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> companies. <a href="/wiki/Messe_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Messe Düsseldorf">Messe Düsseldorf</a> organises nearly one fifth of premier trade shows.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Airport" title="Düsseldorf Airport">Düsseldorf Airport</a> is Germany's <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Germany" title="List of the busiest airports in Germany">fourth-busiest</a> airport, serving as the most important international airport for the population of the densely populated <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a>, Germany's largest urban area. </p><p>As second largest city of the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>, Düsseldorf holds <a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Carnival" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenish Carnival">Rhenish Carnival</a> celebrations every year in February/March, the Düsseldorf carnival celebrations being the third most popular in Germany after those held in <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Carnival" title="Cologne Carnival">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mainz_carnival" title="Mainz carnival">Mainz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 22 institutions of higher education in the city including the <a href="/wiki/University_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Düsseldorf">Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf</a>, the university of applied sciences (<a href="/wiki/Hochschule_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Hochschule Düsseldorf">Hochschule Düsseldorf</a>), the academy of arts (<a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunstakademie Düsseldorf">Kunstakademie Düsseldorf</a>, whose members include <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a>, <a href="/wiki/August_Macke" title="August Macke">August Macke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Richter" title="Gerhard Richter">Gerhard Richter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmar_Polke" title="Sigmar Polke">Sigmar Polke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Gursky" title="Andreas Gursky">Andreas Gursky</a>), and the university of music (<a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann_Hochschule" title="Robert Schumann Hochschule">Robert-Schumann-Musikhochschule Düsseldorf</a>). The city is also known for its influence on electronic/experimental music (<a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_community_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Japanese community of Düsseldorf">its Japanese community</a>. Düsseldorf is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">GaWC</a> <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network#Beta" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Beta+</a> <a href="/wiki/World_city" class="mw-redirect" title="World city">world city</a>. <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Most_Livable_Cities" class="mw-redirect" title="World's Most Livable Cities">Mercer's 2023 Quality of Living survey</a> ranked Düsseldorf the tenth most livable city in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Timeline of Düsseldorf">Timeline of Düsseldorf</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_development">Early development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> was strengthening its position throughout Europe, a few <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribes</a> clung on in <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshy</a> territory off the eastern banks of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 7th and 8th centuries, the odd <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">farming</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> settlement could be found at the point where the small river <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCssel" title="Düssel">Düssel</a> flows into the Rhine. It was from such settlements that the city of Düsseldorf grew. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duesseldorf-Kupferstich-Merian.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Duesseldorf-Kupferstich-Merian.png/220px-Duesseldorf-Kupferstich-Merian.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Duesseldorf-Kupferstich-Merian.png/330px-Duesseldorf-Kupferstich-Merian.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Duesseldorf-Kupferstich-Merian.png/440px-Duesseldorf-Kupferstich-Merian.png 2x" data-file-width="2556" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption>Düsseldorf in 1647</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_van_der_Heyden_and_Adriaen_van_de_Velde_-_View_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf_with_the_church_of_St._Andrew_in_the_centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jan_van_der_Heyden_and_Adriaen_van_de_Velde_-_View_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf_with_the_church_of_St._Andrew_in_the_centre.jpg/220px-Jan_van_der_Heyden_and_Adriaen_van_de_Velde_-_View_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf_with_the_church_of_St._Andrew_in_the_centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jan_van_der_Heyden_and_Adriaen_van_de_Velde_-_View_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf_with_the_church_of_St._Andrew_in_the_centre.jpg/330px-Jan_van_der_Heyden_and_Adriaen_van_de_Velde_-_View_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf_with_the_church_of_St._Andrew_in_the_centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jan_van_der_Heyden_and_Adriaen_van_de_Velde_-_View_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf_with_the_church_of_St._Andrew_in_the_centre.jpg/440px-Jan_van_der_Heyden_and_Adriaen_van_de_Velde_-_View_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf_with_the_church_of_St._Andrew_in_the_centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption>View of Düsseldorf with the church of <a href="/wiki/St._Andreas,_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="St. Andreas, Düsseldorf">St. Andrew</a> in the centre, 1667. The architectural elements were painted by <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_der_Heyden" title="Jan van der Heyden">Jan van der Heyden</a> and the figures by <a href="/wiki/Adriaen_van_de_Velde" title="Adriaen van de Velde">Adriaen van de Velde</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadt_D%C3%BCsseldorf_1899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stadt_D%C3%BCsseldorf_1899.jpg/220px-Stadt_D%C3%BCsseldorf_1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stadt_D%C3%BCsseldorf_1899.jpg/330px-Stadt_D%C3%BCsseldorf_1899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stadt_D%C3%BCsseldorf_1899.jpg/440px-Stadt_D%C3%BCsseldorf_1899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2387" data-file-height="3384" /></a><figcaption>Bond of the town Düsseldorf, issued 26. July 1899<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The first written mention of Düsseldorf (then called <i>Dusseldorp</i> in the local <a href="/wiki/Meuse-Rhenish" title="Meuse-Rhenish">Low Rhenish</a> dialect) dates back to 1135. Under <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa</a> the small town of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Kaiserswerth" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth">Kaiserswerth</a> to the north of Düsseldorf became a well-fortified outpost, where soldiers kept a watchful eye on every movement on the Rhine. Kaiserswerth eventually became a suburb of Düsseldorf in 1929. </p><p>In 1186, Düsseldorf came under the rule of the Counts of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Berg" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Berg">Berg</a>. 14 August 1288 is one of the most important dates in the history of Düsseldorf, the day the sovereign Count <a href="/wiki/Adolf_VIII_of_Berg" title="Adolf VIII of Berg">Adolf VIII of Berg</a> granted <a href="/wiki/Town_privileges" title="Town privileges">town privileges</a> to the village on the banks of the Düssel. Before this, a <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Limburg_Succession" title="War of the Limburg Succession">bloody struggle for power</a> had taken place between the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Cologne" title="Archbishop of Cologne">Archbishop of Cologne</a> and his allies arrayed against the count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Berg" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Berg">Berg</a> and other local powers, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Worringen" title="Battle of Worringen">Battle of Worringen</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Archbishop of Cologne's forces were wiped out by the forces of the count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Berg" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Berg">Berg</a>, who were supported by citizens and farmers of Cologne and Düsseldorf, paving the way for Düsseldorf's elevation to city status, which is commemorated today by a monument on the Burgplatz. </p><p>After this battle the relationship between Cologne and Düsseldorf deteriorated, because they were commercial rivals; it is often said that there is a kind of hostility between the citizens of Cologne and Düsseldorf. Today, it finds its expression mainly in a humorous form (especially during the Rhineland <i><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Karneval</a></i>) and in sports.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NRW,_D%C3%BCsseldorf,_Rheinturm_-_view_to_Landtag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/NRW%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Rheinturm_-_view_to_Landtag.jpg/220px-NRW%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Rheinturm_-_view_to_Landtag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/NRW%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Rheinturm_-_view_to_Landtag.jpg/330px-NRW%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Rheinturm_-_view_to_Landtag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/NRW%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Rheinturm_-_view_to_Landtag.jpg/440px-NRW%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Rheinturm_-_view_to_Landtag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia">state parliament</a>, seen from the top of the <a href="/wiki/Rheinturm" title="Rheinturm">Rheinturm</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rheinturm_D%C3%BCsseldorf_NRW_mit_Sternschnuppe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Rheinturm_D%C3%BCsseldorf_NRW_mit_Sternschnuppe.jpg/220px-Rheinturm_D%C3%BCsseldorf_NRW_mit_Sternschnuppe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Rheinturm_D%C3%BCsseldorf_NRW_mit_Sternschnuppe.jpg/330px-Rheinturm_D%C3%BCsseldorf_NRW_mit_Sternschnuppe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Rheinturm_D%C3%BCsseldorf_NRW_mit_Sternschnuppe.jpg/440px-Rheinturm_D%C3%BCsseldorf_NRW_mit_Sternschnuppe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Rheinturm Düsseldorf 70th Anniversary of the NRW state, illumination with <a href="/wiki/Rheinkomet" title="Rheinkomet">Rheinkomet</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm/220px--Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="62" data-mwtitle="Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm/Dusseldorf_Germany_-_Various_scenes_-_2014_Dec_27_28.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Various scenes around Düsseldorf in December, 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>The custom of turning cartwheels is credited to the children of Düsseldorf. There are variations of the origin<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of the cartwheeling children. Today the symbol (Der Radschläger)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> represents the story and every year the Düsseldorfers celebrate by having a cartwheeling contest. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Market_square" title="Market square">market square</a> sprang up on the banks of the Rhine and the square was protected by <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">city walls</a> on all four sides. In 1380, the dukes of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Berg" title="Duchy of Berg">Berg</a> moved their seat to the town and Düsseldorf was made regional capital of the Duchy of Berg. During the following centuries several famous landmarks were built, including the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_Church_of_St_Lambertus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegiate Church of St Lambertus (page does not exist)">Collegiate Church of St Lambertus</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lambertus_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" class="extiw" title="de:St. Lambertus (Düsseldorf)">de</a>]</span>. In 1609, the ducal line of the <a href="/wiki/United_Duchies_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg</a> died out, and after a violent struggle over succession, Jülich and Berg fell to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach</a> Counts of <a href="/wiki/Palatinate-Neuburg" title="Palatinate-Neuburg">Palatinate-Neuburg</a>, who made Düsseldorf their main domicile, even after they inherited the <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Electorate of the Palatinate">Electorate of the Palatinate</a>, in 1685, becoming now <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Prince-electors</a> as Electors Palatine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Under the art-loving <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm,_Elector_Palatine" title="Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine">Johann Wilhelm II</a> (r. 1690–1716), a vast <a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">art gallery</a>, with a huge selection of paintings and sculptures, was housed in the <i>Stadtschloss</i> (city castle). After his death, the city fell on hard times again, especially after Elector <a href="/wiki/Charles_Theodore,_Elector_of_Bavaria" title="Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria">Charles Theodore</a> inherited Bavaria and moved the electoral court to <a href="/wiki/Munich,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich, Germany">Munich</a>. With him he took the <a href="/wiki/Collection_(museum)" title="Collection (museum)">art collection</a>, which became part of what is now the <a href="/wiki/Alte_Pinakothek" title="Alte Pinakothek">Alte Pinakothek</a> in Munich. </p><p>Destruction and poverty struck Düsseldorf after the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> made Berg a <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Berg" title="Grand Duchy of Berg">Grand Duchy</a> and Düsseldorf its capital. <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Claudius_Devaranne" title="Johann Christian Claudius Devaranne">Johann Devaranne</a>, a leader of <a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a>'s resistance to Napoleon's conscription decrees, was executed here in 1813. </p><p>After Napoleon's defeat, the whole <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> including Berg was given to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> in 1815. The <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhine Province</a>'s parliament was established in Düsseldorf.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2014)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> By the mid-19th century, Düsseldorf enjoyed a revival thanks to the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> as the city boasted 100,000 inhabitants by 1882; the figure doubled in 1892. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Air_Service" title="Royal Naval Air Service">Royal Naval Air Service</a> (RNS) undertook the first <a href="/wiki/Entente_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Entente Powers">Entente</a> strategic bombing missions on 22 September 1914, when it bombed the Zeppelin bases in Düsseldorf.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weimar_Republic">Weimar Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Weimar Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1920, Düsseldorf became the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_uprising" title="Ruhr uprising">General Strike</a> that grew out of the resistance to the <a href="/wiki/Kapp_Putsch" title="Kapp Putsch">Kapp Putsch</a>. On 15 April 1920, 45 delegates of the German Miners Union were murdered by the <a href="/wiki/Freikorps" title="Freikorps">Freikorps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gau_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Gau Düsseldorf">Gau Düsseldorf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Düsseldorf in World War II">Bombing of Düsseldorf in World War II</a></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Düsseldorf was the location of a Nazi prison with several <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a> subcamps,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> five subcamps of the <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald concentration camp</a> for mostly Polish and Soviet prisoners, but also French, Dutch, Belgian, Czech, Italian, Yugoslav,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a camp for <a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a> and Romani people (see <i><a href="/wiki/Romani_Holocaust" title="Romani Holocaust">Romani Holocaust</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rabbi of the Düsseldorf Jewish Community fled to the Netherlands and died in KZ <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a> in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city was a target of <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">strategic bombing during World War II</a>, particularly during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ruhr" title="Battle of the Ruhr">RAF bombing campaign in 1943</a> when over 700 bombers were used in a single night. Raids continued late into the war. As part of <a href="/wiki/Oil_Campaign_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil Campaign of World War II">the campaign against German oil facilities</a>, the RAF raid of 20–21 February, 1945 on the Rhenania Ossag refinery in the Reisholz district of the city halted oil production there. </p><p>The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Düsseldorf in mid-April 1945. The <a href="/wiki/97th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="97th Infantry Division (United States)">United States 97th Infantry Division</a> easily captured the city on 18 April 1945,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the local <a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">German Resistance</a> group launched <a href="/wiki/Aktion_Rheinland" title="Aktion Rheinland">Aktion Rheinland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_Federal_Republic">German Federal Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: German Federal Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1946, Düsseldorf was made capital of the new <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal state</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>. The city's reconstruction proceeded at a frantic pace and the economic transformation guided Düsseldorf's economic growth.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_geography">Physical geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Physical geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCssel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/D%C3%BCssel.png/220px-D%C3%BCssel.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/D%C3%BCssel.png/330px-D%C3%BCssel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/D%C3%BCssel.png/440px-D%C3%BCssel.png 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>The course of the Düssel from its source in the Düssel Hill Country (Düsselhügelland) (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsselh%C3%BCgelland" class="extiw" title="de:Düsselhügelland">de</a>) through the <a href="/wiki/Neandertal_(valley)" title="Neandertal (valley)">Neandertal</a> to Düsseldorf, where it forms three <a href="/wiki/River_bifurcation" title="River bifurcation">bifurcations</a>, dividing into the four branches (from north to south) Kittelbach, Nördliche Düssel, Südliche Düssel and Brückerbach</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg/220px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg/330px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg/440px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5999" data-file-height="2571" /></a><figcaption>Düsseldorf skyline</figcaption></figure> <p>Düsseldorf lies at the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhine" title="Lower Rhine">Lower Rhine</a> basin, where the delta of the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCssel" title="Düssel">Düssel</a> flows into the Rhine. The city lies on the east side of the Rhine, except <a href="/wiki/District_4,_D%C3%BCsseldorf" class="mw-redirect" title="District 4, Düsseldorf">District 4</a> (<a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Oberkassel" title="Düsseldorf-Oberkassel">Oberkassel</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Niederkassel" title="Düsseldorf-Niederkassel">Niederkassel</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Heerdt" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Heerdt">Heerdt</a> and <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-L%C3%B6rick" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Lörick">Lörick</a>). Across the Rhine, the city of <a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a> stands on the delta of the <a href="/wiki/Erft" title="Erft">Erft</a>. Düsseldorf lies southwest of the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> urban area, and in the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr</a> metropolitan region. </p><p>Düsseldorf is built entirely on <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvium</a>, mud, sand, clay and occasionally gravel. The highest point in Düsseldorf is the top of Sandberg in the far eastern part of the city (<a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Hubbelrath" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Hubbelrath">Hubbelrath</a> borough) at 165 metres (541 ft). The lowest point is at the far northern end in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Wittlaer" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Wittlaer">Wittlaer</a> borough where the Schwarzbach enters the Rhine, with an average elevation of 28 metres (92 ft). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjacent_cities_and_districts">Adjacent cities and districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Adjacent cities and districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following districts and cities border Düsseldorf (clockwise starting from the north): the <a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">City of Duisburg</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mettmann_(district)" title="Mettmann (district)">District of Mettmann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ratingen" title="Ratingen">Ratingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mettmann" title="Mettmann">Mettmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erkrath" title="Erkrath">Erkrath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hilden" title="Hilden">Hilden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langenfeld,_Rhineland" title="Langenfeld, Rhineland">Langenfeld</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monheim_am_Rhein" title="Monheim am Rhein">Monheim</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Kreis_Neuss" title="Rhein-Kreis Neuss">District of Neuss</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dormagen" title="Dormagen">Dormagen</a>, Neuss, and <a href="/wiki/Meerbusch" title="Meerbusch">Meerbusch</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfb</i>, mild in relation to <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the rest of the lower <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>, Düsseldorf experiences moderate winters with little snowfall and mild to warm summers. The average annual temperature is 11.0 °C (52 °F) with an average yearly precipitation of 751 millimetres (30 in). The dominant wind direction is from the west with velocities in the range of 3 to 4 m/s (7–9 mph), with gusts of 3.5 −4.8 m/s (8–10.7 mph). The wind is calm (defined as being under 2 m/s or 4.5 mph) about 35% of the time, more frequently at night and in the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Düsseldorf (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.7<br />(105.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(101.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.7<br />(105.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.8<br />(−5.4) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.4<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.1<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.2<br />(20.8) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.4<br />(15.1) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.3<br />(4.5) </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−20.8<br />(−5.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.5<br />(2.42) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.5<br />(2.22) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.1<br />(2.13) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.4<br />(1.83) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.1<br />(2.41) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.7<br />(2.59) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.2<br />(2.88) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.0<br />(3.03) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3<br />(2.37) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.2<br />(2.41) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.8<br />(2.51) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">750.7<br />(29.56) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.5 </td> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.9 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.1 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.9 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.6 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.5 </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.2 </td> <td style="background: #1717FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.8 </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">185.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000D1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000D9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000CA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000BE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000BB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000DD; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #686868; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56.9 </td> <td style="background: #929292; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.1 </td> <td style="background: #B8B852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">125.0 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.6 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202.0 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.3 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.2 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.9 </td> <td style="background: #C6C601; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149.5 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.8 </td> <td style="background: #767676; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.5 </td> <td style="background: #565656; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.1 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD32; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,610.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>Source 3: Wetterdienst.de<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_community_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Japanese community of Düsseldorf">Japanese community of Düsseldorf</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1555</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1703</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+100.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,102</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+72.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">69,365</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+473.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1895</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">175,985</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+153.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1905</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">253,274</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+43.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1919</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">407,338</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+60.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1925</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">432,633</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1933</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">498,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">541,410</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+8.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">500,516</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">654,850</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+30.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">703,255</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">662,809</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">590,479</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−10.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">575,794</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">570,765</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">586,291</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">611,258</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Source:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;"> <caption>Largest groups of foreign residents<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population (31.12.2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>12,707 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>10,388 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>9,316 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>8,329 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>7,799 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>7,566 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>5,230 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>4,856 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>4,741 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>4,477 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>4,430 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>4,175 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></td> <td>3,842 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>3,720 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>3,328 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td>3,162 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>2,879 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>2,542 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>2,469 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>2,308 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With a population of 653,253 within the city boundaries (31 December 2022),<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Düsseldorf is <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Germany's sixth largest city</a>. Its population surpassed the threshold of 100,000 inhabitants during the height of industrialisation in 1882, and peaked at just over 705,000 in 1962. The city then began to lose residents, with many moving into neighbouring municipalities. However, since the late 1990s, the city's population has been slowly rising again. </p><p>A total of 109,883<sup id="cite_ref-Statistisches_Jahrbuch_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistisches_Jahrbuch-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (18%) of Düsseldorf's population are foreigners (as of 31 December 2008), the majority of whom come from within <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (81,742). The largest <a href="/wiki/Minority_group" title="Minority group">national minorities</a> are <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Germany" title="Turks in Germany">Turks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Germany" title="Greeks in Germany">Greeks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Germany" title="Poles in Germany">Poles</a>. Düsseldorf and its surroundings have the third-largest <a href="/wiki/Japanese_community_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Japanese community of Düsseldorf">Japanese community</a> in Europe and the largest in Germany (about 11,000 people).<sup id="cite_ref-virtualtourist.com_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virtualtourist.com-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Japantag_in_Düsseldorf:_Welcome_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japantag_in_Düsseldorf:_Welcome-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2019, the foreign population of Düsseldorf would grow to 152,255, or 23.6% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019, 272,982 people, or 42.6% of residents had a migration background.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Düsseldorf has the third-largest <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Germany">Jewish community</a> in Germany, with about 7,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boroughs">Boroughs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Boroughs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Boroughs of Düsseldorf">Boroughs of Düsseldorf</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCsseldorf_Subdivisions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Subdivisions.svg/300px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Subdivisions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Subdivisions.svg/450px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Subdivisions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Subdivisions.svg/600px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Subdivisions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="992" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1975, Düsseldorf is divided into ten administrative boroughs. Each borough (<i><a href="/wiki/Stadtbezirk" title="Stadtbezirk">Stadtbezirk</a></i>) has its own elected borough council (Bezirksvertretung) and its own borough mayor (Bezirksvorsteher). The borough councils are advisory only. Each borough is further subdivided into quarters (<i><a href="/wiki/Stadtteil" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadtteil">Stadtteile</a></i>). There are 50 quarters in Düsseldorf.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="toccolours" style="margin:2 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:1em;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Borough_1_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Borough 1 (Düsseldorf)">Borough 1</a> (Stadtbezirk 1)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Altstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Altstadt">Altstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Carlstadt" title="Düsseldorf-Carlstadt">Carlstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Derendorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Derendorf">Derendorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Golzheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Golzheim">Golzheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Pempelfort" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Pempelfort">Pempelfort</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Stadtmitte" title="Düsseldorf-Stadtmitte">Stadtmitte</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Borough_2_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Borough 2 (Düsseldorf)">Borough 2</a> (Stadtbezirk 2)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-D%C3%BCsseltal" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Düsseltal">Düsseltal</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Flingern" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Flingern">Flingern-Nord</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Flingern" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Flingern">Flingern-Süd</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Borough_3_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Borough 3 (Düsseldorf)">Borough 3</a> (Stadtbezirk 3)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Bilk" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Bilk">Bilk</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Flehe" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Flehe">Flehe</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Friedrichstadt" title="Düsseldorf-Friedrichstadt">Friedrichstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Hafen" title="Düsseldorf-Hafen">Hafen</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Hamm" title="Düsseldorf-Hamm">Hamm</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Oberbilk" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Oberbilk">Oberbilk</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Unterbilk" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Unterbilk">Unterbilk</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Volmerswerth" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Volmerswerth">Volmerswerth</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Borough_4_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Borough 4 (Düsseldorf)">Borough 4</a> (Stadtbezirk 4)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Heerdt" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Heerdt">Heerdt</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-L%C3%B6rick" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Lörick">Lörick</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Niederkassel" title="Düsseldorf-Niederkassel">Niederkassel</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Oberkassel" title="Düsseldorf-Oberkassel">Oberkassel</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Borough_5_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Borough 5 (Düsseldorf)">Borough 5</a> (Stadtbezirk 5)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Angermund" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Angermund">Angermund</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Kaiserswerth" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth">Kaiserswerth</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Kalkum" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Kalkum">Kalkum</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Lohausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Lohausen">Lohausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Stockum" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Stockum">Stockum</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Wittlaer" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Wittlaer">Wittlaer</a></dd></dl> </td> <td> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Borough_6_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Borough 6 (Düsseldorf)">Borough 6</a> (Stadtbezirk 6)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Lichtenbroich" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Lichtenbroich">Lichtenbroich</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-M%C3%B6rsenbroich" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Mörsenbroich">Mörsenbroich</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Rath" title="Düsseldorf-Rath">Rath</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Unterrath" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Unterrath">Unterrath</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Borough_7_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Borough 7 (Düsseldorf)">Borough 7</a> (Stadtbezirk 7)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Gerresheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Gerresheim">Gerresheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Grafenberg" title="Düsseldorf-Grafenberg">Grafenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Hubbelrath" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Hubbelrath">Hubbelrath</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Knittkuhl" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Knittkuhl">Knittkuhl</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Ludenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Ludenberg">Ludenberg</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Borough_8_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Borough 8 (Düsseldorf)">Borough 8</a> (Stadtbezirk 8)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Eller" title="Düsseldorf-Eller">Eller</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Lierenfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Lierenfeld">Lierenfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Unterbach" title="Düsseldorf-Unterbach">Unterbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Vennhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Vennhausen">Vennhausen</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Borough_9_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Borough 9 (Düsseldorf)">Borough 9</a> (Stadtbezirk 9)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Benrath" title="Düsseldorf-Benrath">Benrath</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Hassels" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Hassels">Hassels</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Himmelgeist" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Himmelgeist">Himmelgeist</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Holthausen" title="Düsseldorf-Holthausen">Holthausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Itter" title="Düsseldorf-Itter">Itter</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Reisholz" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Reisholz">Reisholz</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Urdenbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Urdenbach">Urdenbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Wersten" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Wersten">Wersten</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Borough_10_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Borough 10 (Düsseldorf)">Borough 10</a> (Stadtbezirk 10)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Garath" title="Düsseldorf-Garath">Garath</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Hellerhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Hellerhof">Hellerhof</a></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor">Mayor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mayor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="List of mayors of Düsseldorf">List of mayors of Düsseldorf</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_mayoral_election_(2nd_round).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/350px-2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="452" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/525px-2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/700px-2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>Results of the second round of the 2020 mayoral election</figcaption></figure> <p>The current mayor of Düsseldorf is Stephan Keller of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> (CDU), who was elected in 2020. </p><p>The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th colspan="2">First round </th> <th colspan="2">Second round </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left">Stephan Keller </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> </td> <td>83,425 </td> <td>34.1 </td> <td>118,308 </td> <td>56.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left">Thomas Geisel </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>64,203 </td> <td>26.3 </td> <td>92,999 </td> <td>44.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left">Stefan Engstfeld </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> </td> <td>42,463 </td> <td>17.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left">Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>30,584 </td> <td>12.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left">Florian Josef Hoffmann </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> </td> <td>6,564 </td> <td>2.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left">Udo Adam Bonn </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> </td> <td>5,257 </td> <td>2.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left">Dominique Mirus </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> </td> <td>3,039 </td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#502379"> </td> <td align="left">Mark Schenk </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Europa#Germany" title="Volt Europa">Volt Germany</a> </td> <td>2,255 </td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Claudia Krüger </td> <td align="left">Animal Welfare Here! </td> <td>1,939 </td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F7A800"> </td> <td align="left">Hans-Joachim Grumbach </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">Free Voters</a> </td> <td>1,192 </td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Celine Coldewe </td> <td align="left">Climate List Düsseldorf </td> <td>954 </td> <td>0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Michael Baumeister </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>947 </td> <td>0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF820A"> </td> <td align="left">Marc Olejak </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_Germany" title="Pirate Party Germany">Pirate Party Germany</a> </td> <td>792 </td> <td>0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Markus Brakonier </td> <td align="left">German Sport Party </td> <td>383 </td> <td>0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#0075BE"> </td> <td align="left">Andre Maniera </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(Germany)" title="The Republicans (Germany)">The Republicans</a> </td> <td>325 </td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Valid votes </th> <th>244,322 </th> <th>98.8 </th> <th>211,307 </th> <th>99.3 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Invalid votes </th> <th>3,008 </th> <th>1.2 </th> <th>1,571 </th> <th>0.7 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th>247,330 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th>212,878 </th> <th>100.0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>470,511 </th> <th>52.6 </th> <th>470,312 </th> <th>45.3 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: State Returning Officer<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_council">City council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: City council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_City_Council_election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_City_Council_election.svg/350px-2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_City_Council_election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_City_Council_election.svg/525px-2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_City_Council_election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_City_Council_election.svg/700px-2020_D%C3%BCsseldorf_City_Council_election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>Results of the 2020 city council election</figcaption></figure> <p>The Düsseldorf city council (<i>Düsseldorfer Stadtrat</i>) governs the city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> (CDU) </td> <td>81,833 </td> <td>33.4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.3 </td> <td>30 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> (Grüne) </td> <td>58,881 </td> <td>24.0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.3 </td> <td>22 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) </td> <td>43,949 </td> <td>17.9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11.4 </td> <td>16 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP) </td> <td>22,453 </td> <td>9.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.2 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (Die Linke) </td> <td>9,951 </td> <td>4.1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.1 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD) </td> <td>8,776 </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.6 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#502379"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Europa#Germany" title="Volt Europa">Volt Germany</a> (Volt) </td> <td>4,512 </td> <td>1.8 </td> <td>New </td> <td>2 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> (PARTEI) </td> <td>4,371 </td> <td>1.8 </td> <td>New </td> <td>2 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Here!_(Tierschutz_hier!)" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Welfare Here! (Tierschutz hier!)">Animal Welfare Here! (Tierschutz hier!)</a> </td> <td>3,437 </td> <td>1.4 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F7A800"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">Free Voters</a> (FW) </td> <td>2,212 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.3 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Climate List Düsseldorf (Klimaliste) </td> <td>2,124 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF820A"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_Germany" title="Pirate Party Germany">Pirate Party Germany</a> (Piraten) </td> <td>1,464 </td> <td>0.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">German Sport Party (DSP) </td> <td>642 </td> <td>0.3 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#0075BE"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(Germany)" title="The Republicans (Germany)">The Republicans</a> (REP) </td> <td>586 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">RESISTANCE 2020 We for Düsseldorf </td> <td>76 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Valid votes </th> <th>245,271 </th> <th>99.2 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Invalid votes </th> <th>2,085 </th> <th>0.8 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th>247,356 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th> </th> <th>90 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>470,511 </th> <th>52.6 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.4 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: State Returning Officer<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D_medienhafen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/D_medienhafen.jpg/220px-D_medienhafen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/D_medienhafen.jpg/330px-D_medienhafen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/D_medienhafen.jpg/440px-D_medienhafen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rheinturm" title="Rheinturm">Rheinturm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Gehry</a>-buildings <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Neue_Zollhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Der Neue Zollhof">Der Neue Zollhof</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Hafen" title="Düsseldorf-Hafen">Hafen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCsseldorf_K%C3%B6nigsallee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/D%C3%BCsseldorf_K%C3%B6nigsallee.jpg/220px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_K%C3%B6nigsallee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/D%C3%BCsseldorf_K%C3%B6nigsallee.jpg/330px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_K%C3%B6nigsallee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/D%C3%BCsseldorf_K%C3%B6nigsallee.jpg/440px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_K%C3%B6nigsallee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Königsallee in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Stadtmitte" title="Düsseldorf-Stadtmitte">Stadtmitte</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duesseldorf_Immermannstr_bilingual_streetname.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Duesseldorf_Immermannstr_bilingual_streetname.jpg/220px-Duesseldorf_Immermannstr_bilingual_streetname.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Duesseldorf_Immermannstr_bilingual_streetname.jpg/330px-Duesseldorf_Immermannstr_bilingual_streetname.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Duesseldorf_Immermannstr_bilingual_streetname.jpg/440px-Duesseldorf_Immermannstr_bilingual_streetname.jpg 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Since 2021 the central street Immermannstraße has bilingual (German/Japanese) signs.</figcaption></figure> <p>Düsseldorf has become one of the top <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a> centres in Germany. With two of the four big German providers of mobile frequencies, <a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">D2 Vodafone</a> and <a href="/wiki/E-Plus" title="E-Plus">E-Plus</a>, Düsseldorf leads the German <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a> market. There are many foreign information and communication technology companies in Düsseldorf such as <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">NTT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oppo" title="Oppo">Oppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vivo_(technology_company)" title="Vivo (technology company)">Vivo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xiaomi" title="Xiaomi">Xiaomi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 18 <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">internet service providers</a> located in the capital of North Rhine-Westphalia. There are two airlines with headquarters in the city: <a href="/wiki/Eurowings" title="Eurowings">Eurowings</a> and formerly independent <a href="/wiki/LTU_International" title="LTU International">LTU International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the internet companies in Düsseldorf have their roots in the world of advertising: there are 400 <a href="/wiki/Advertising_agency" title="Advertising agency">advertising agencies</a> in Düsseldorf, among them three of the largest in Germany: <a href="/wiki/BBDO" title="BBDO">BBDO Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey_Global_Group" title="Grey Global Group">Grey Global Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Publicis" title="Publicis">Publicis</a>. A number of affiliates of foreign agencies deserve mention as well, such as <a href="/wiki/Ogilvy_%26_Mather" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogilvy & Mather">Ogilvy & Mather</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dentsu" title="Dentsu">Dentsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakuhodo" title="Hakuhodo">Hakuhodo</a>, <a href="/wiki/TBWA_Worldwide" title="TBWA Worldwide">TBWA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/DDB_Worldwide" title="DDB Worldwide">DDB</a>. There are also about 200 <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">publishing houses</a> in Düsseldorf. </p><p>Businesses operating in Düsseldorf include <a href="/wiki/Peek_%26_Cloppenburg" title="Peek & Cloppenburg">Peek & Cloppenburg</a> (fashion); <a href="/wiki/Uniper" title="Uniper">Uniper</a> (electricity generation); <a href="/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al" title="L'Oréal">L'Oréal</a> Germany (Cosmetics and Beauty); <a href="/wiki/Net_mobile_AG" title="Net mobile AG">Net mobile AG</a> (business-to-business service provider in mobile telecommunications); <a href="/wiki/Henkel" title="Henkel">Henkel</a> AG & Co. KGaA (Branded Consumer Goods and Industrial technologies); <a href="/wiki/Metro_AG" title="Metro AG">Metro</a> (wholesale, retail); <a href="/wiki/Ceconomy" title="Ceconomy">Ceconomy</a> (retail); <a href="/wiki/Esprit_Holdings" title="Esprit Holdings">Esprit Holdings</a> (fashion, headquarters in Ratingen near Düsseldorf); <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a> Personal Care & Nutrition (formerly <a href="/wiki/Cognis" title="Cognis">Cognis</a> – chemicals, headquarters in Monheim near Düsseldorf, but production mainly in Düsseldorf).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Daimler_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler AG">Daimler AG</a> builds the <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Sprinter" title="Mercedes-Benz Sprinter">Mercedes-Benz Sprinter</a> light commercial vehicles in Düsseldorf. </p><p>Since the 1960s, there has been a strong relationship between the city and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Many Japanese banks and corporations have their European headquarters in Düsseldorf – so many that Düsseldorf has the third largest <a href="/wiki/Japanese_community_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Japanese community of Düsseldorf">Japanese community</a> in Europe, after <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-virtualtourist.com_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virtualtourist.com-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Japantag_in_Düsseldorf:_Welcome_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japantag_in_Düsseldorf:_Welcome-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Kö", which stands for <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsallee_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Königsallee (Düsseldorf)">Königsallee</a> ("King's Avenue"), is a shopping destination. Many jewellery shops, designer labels, and galleries have store locations here. The Kö has among the highest rents for retail and office space in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_center">Financial center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Financial center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is an important <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 30,000 people work for the financial and insurance sector in Düsseldorf.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are around 170 national and <a href="/wiki/Global_financial_system" title="Global financial system">international financial institutions</a>, and about 130 insurance agencies, and one of Germany's eight <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchanges</a>. <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Trinkaus" title="HSBC Trinkaus">HSBC</a> has its German headquarters in Düsseldorf and employs 3,000 people. <a href="/wiki/NRW.BANK" class="mw-redirect" title="NRW.BANK">NRW.BANK</a> is a development bank of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia and the largest state development bank in Germany. NRW.BANK was spun off from <a href="/wiki/Portigon_Financial_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Portigon Financial Services">WestLB</a> in 2002. Today <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commerzbank" title="Commerzbank">Commerzbank</a> have major branches in Düsseldorf with about 2,000 employees. Düsseldorf is also the most important German financial center for Japanese credit institutions. <a href="/wiki/MUFG_Bank" title="MUFG Bank">MUFG Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Mitsui_Banking_Corporation" title="Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation">SMBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mizuho_Bank" title="Mizuho Bank">Mizuho</a> have their German headquarters in Düsseldorf. Also <a href="/wiki/Santander_Consumer_Bank_(Deutschland)" title="Santander Consumer Bank (Deutschland)">Santander</a> has its German headquarters in the Düsseldorf region. Some major insurance companies such as <a href="/wiki/ERGO_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="ERGO Group">ERGO</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Munich_Re" title="Munich Re">Munich Re</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ARAG_SE" title="ARAG SE">ARAG</a> are located in the city. Several other major financial service companies have their headquarters in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Important newspapers and journals such as <i><a href="/wiki/Handelsblatt" title="Handelsblatt">Handelsblatt</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rheinische_Post" title="Rheinische Post">Rheinische Post</a></i>, <i>Wirtschaftswoche</i>, <i>Deutsches Wirtschaftsblatt</i> and <i>VDI-Nachrichten</i> are published in Düsseldorf. Almost all of these papers are available online. Renowned filmmaking companies, such as Germany's biggest cinema enterprise, the Riech Group, and TV channels such as <a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a> and <a href="/wiki/QVC" title="QVC">QVC</a> are located in Düsseldorf. The <i>Film- und Medienstiftung NRW</i> foundation supports the production of film and new media.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>With regard to movies and movie theatres in Düsseldorf, moviegoers are able to view movies in a range of different languages. Many mainstream movies are shown in English, Spanish, French, and German.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Düsseldorf_Airport"><span id="D.C3.BCsseldorf_Airport"></span>Düsseldorf Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Düsseldorf Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duesseldorf_international_terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Duesseldorf_international_terminal.jpg/220px-Duesseldorf_international_terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Duesseldorf_international_terminal.jpg/330px-Duesseldorf_international_terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Duesseldorf_international_terminal.jpg/440px-Duesseldorf_international_terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Düsseldorf Airport</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Airport" title="Düsseldorf Airport">Düsseldorf Airport</a>, also referred to as Rhein-Ruhr Airport, is located eight kilometres (5 miles) north of the city centre and can easily be reached by train or the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> urban railway. There is a <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Airport_station" title="Düsseldorf Airport station">long-distance train station</a> served by regional and national services, which is linked to the airport by the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_SkyTrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf SkyTrain">SkyTrain</a>, an automatic <a href="/wiki/People_mover" title="People mover">people mover</a>. Another station situated under the terminal building carries the S-Bahn line (<a href="/wiki/S11_(Rhine-Ruhr_S-Bahn)" title="S11 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn)">S11</a>) to <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Central_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf Central Station">Düsseldorf Central Station</a>, and to <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> as well as a few selected night services. After those of Frankfurt, Munich and Berlin, Düsseldorf Airport is Germany's fourth largest <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">commercial airport</a>, with 25.5 million passengers annually (2019).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport offers 180 destinations on four continents, and is served by 70 airlines. The airport buildings were partly destroyed by a devastating fire caused by welding works in 1996, killing 17 people. Following this event, it was completely rebuilt and the Skytrain was installed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StadtbahnD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/StadtbahnD.png/220px-StadtbahnD.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/StadtbahnD.png/330px-StadtbahnD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/StadtbahnD.png/440px-StadtbahnD.png 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="6142" /></a><figcaption>Düsseldorf Straßenbahn and Düsseldorf Stadtbahn network, part of the <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Rhein-Ruhr" title="Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr">Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city is a major hub in the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a> (DB) railway network. More than 1,000 trains stop in Düsseldorf daily. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Central_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf Central Station">Düsseldorf Central Station</a> at Konrad-Adenauer-Platz is located in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Stadtmitte" title="Düsseldorf-Stadtmitte">Düsseldorf-Stadtmitte</a>. Several <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Ruhr_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn">Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn</a> lines connect Düsseldorf to other cities of <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr</a>. Local <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Trams in Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf Straßenbahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Stadtbahn" title="Düsseldorf Stadtbahn">Düsseldorf Stadtbahn</a> traffic, as well as local bus traffic, is carried out by the city-owned <a href="/wiki/Rheinbahn" title="Rheinbahn">Rheinbahn</a> which operates within the <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Rhein-Ruhr" title="Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr">VRR</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> system. The light rail system also serves neighbouring cities and is partially operated underground. The Central Station and the Airport Station (Flughafen-Bahnhof) are connected to the national and <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Europe" title="High-speed rail in Europe">European high-speed systems</a> (Intercity/Eurocity, IC/EC and <a href="/wiki/InterCityExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCityExpress">InterCityExpress</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxi">Taxi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Taxi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PKW_Mercedes_W210_P4297201.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PKW_Mercedes_W210_P4297201.JPG/220px-PKW_Mercedes_W210_P4297201.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PKW_Mercedes_W210_P4297201.JPG/330px-PKW_Mercedes_W210_P4297201.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PKW_Mercedes_W210_P4297201.JPG/440px-PKW_Mercedes_W210_P4297201.JPG 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>Officially licensed taxis are always ivory coloured.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Düsseldorf there are 1320 officially licensed taxis. According to the regulations, the cars are always ivory coloured. On the back window you always find a black number on a yellow patch. Credit card payment has to be accepted at the taxi stands at Düsseldorf Airport. </p><p>The supply of taxis in Düsseldorf is above the German average.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Two taxi organisations cover the market.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The larger organisation, "Taxi-Düsseldorf", offers more than 1180 cabs in different sizes. The smaller one is "Rhein-Taxi" with more than 120 cabs. It is obligatory to carry out any journeys to destinations within the city and directly neighbouring cities.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carsharing">Carsharing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Carsharing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to stationary car sharing, where vehicles must be returned to their original location after use, <a href="/wiki/One-way_carsharing" title="One-way carsharing">one-way carsharing</a> vehicles have also been available for hire since 2012. These vehicles, which can be parked anywhere where parking is normally allowed within Düsseldorf, can be rented from Car2go, Greenwheels, Stadtmobil and DriveNow.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highway">Highway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Highway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> has the densest network of <a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highways</a> in Germany and Düsseldorf is directly accessible via the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_3" title="Bundesautobahn 3">A3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_44" title="Bundesautobahn 44">A44</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_46" title="Bundesautobahn 46">A46</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_52" title="Bundesautobahn 52">A52</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_57" title="Bundesautobahn 57">A57</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_59" title="Bundesautobahn 59">A59</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_524" title="Bundesautobahn 524">A524</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Düsseldorf is connected to some national and international cycling paths, including <a href="/wiki/EV15_The_Rhine_Cycle_Route" title="EV15 The Rhine Cycle Route">EV15 The Rhine Cycle Route</a>. </p><p>The city of Düsseldorf is a member of the German North Rhine-Westphalia District, Municipality and City Friends of Pedestrians and Cyclists Working Group, who bestowed upon Düsseldorf the title of "Friend of Cyclists City" in 2007, although the city still has a few gaps in the network of cycle paths in the eyes of many of its citizens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_recreation">Culture and recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Culture and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Special:EditPage/Düsseldorf">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Elector <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm,_Elector_Palatine" title="Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine">Jan Wellem</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Luisa_de%27_Medici" title="Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici">Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici</a> of Tuscany, were patrons of Düsseldorf's first significant cultural activities in the 17th and 18th centuries. <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heinrich Heine</a>, whose 200th birthday was celebrated in 1997 and who originally had a proposed <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Heine Memorial">memorial</a> in the city dedicated to him; Clara and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a>, are the most prominent artists related to the city, which is home to a distinguished <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts">Academy of Fine Arts</a>. </p><p>The Düsseldorf cultural scene comprises traditional and <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a>, classical and popular. The world-famous state art collection of North Rhine-Westphalia, the highly acclaimed <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Oper_am_Rhein" title="Deutsche Oper am Rhein">Deutsche Oper am Rhein</a> (opera), and the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfer_Schauspielhaus" title="Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus">Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus</a> (theatre), artistic home of <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Gr%C3%BCndgens" title="Gustaf Gründgens">Gustaf Gründgens</a>, are major elements of Düsseldorf's reputation as a centre of the fine arts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beer">Beer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Beer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Special:EditPage/Düsseldorf">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Düsseldorf is well known for its <a href="/wiki/Altbier" title="Altbier">Altbier</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a hoppy beer which translates as <i>old [style] beer</i>, a reference to the pre-<a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">lager</a> brewing method of using a warm <a href="/wiki/Top-fermenting_yeast" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-fermenting yeast">top-fermenting yeast</a> like British pale ales.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time the Alt yeast adjusted to lower temperatures, and the Alt brewers would store or lager the beer after fermentation, leading to a cleaner, crisper beer. The name "altbier" first appeared in the 19th century to differentiate the beers of Düsseldorf from the new <a href="/wiki/Pale_lager" title="Pale lager">pale lager</a> that was gaining a hold on Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brewers in Düsseldorf used the pale malts that were used for the modern pale lagers, but retained the old ("alt") method of using warm fermenting yeasts. The first brewery to use the name Alt was Schumacher, which opened in 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The founder, Mathias Schumacher, allowed the beer to mature in cool conditions in wooden casks for longer than normal, and laid the foundation for the modern alt – amber coloured and lagered.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result is a pale beer that has some of the lean dryness of a lager but with fruity notes as well.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are five pub-breweries in Düsseldorf which brew Altbier on the premises: Füchschen, Schumacher, Schlüssel, Uerige and Brauerei Kürzer. Four of the five are in the historic centre of Düsseldorf (Altstadt); the other (Schumacher), between the Altstadt and Düsseldorf Central railway station (Hauptbahnhof), also maintains an establishment in the Altstadt, Im Goldenen Kessel, across the street from Schlüssel. </p><p>Each (except Brauerei Kürzer) produces a special, secret, seasonal "Sticke" version in small quantities, though the names vary: Schlüssel spells it "Stike", without the "c", while Schumacher calls its special beer "Latzenbier", meaning "slat beer", possibly because the kegs from which it was poured had been stored on raised shelves.<sup id="cite_ref-Dornbusch_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dornbusch-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Füchschen's seasonal is its Weihnachtsbier (Christmas beer), available in bottles starting mid-November, and served in the brewpub on <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuchschen_Weihnachtsbier_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuchschen_Weihnachtsbier-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_nightlife">Music and nightlife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Music and nightlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sensation_White_2008_Silvester_-_LTU_Arena,_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sensation_White_2008_Silvester_-_LTU_Arena%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/220px-Sensation_White_2008_Silvester_-_LTU_Arena%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sensation_White_2008_Silvester_-_LTU_Arena%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/330px-Sensation_White_2008_Silvester_-_LTU_Arena%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sensation_White_2008_Silvester_-_LTU_Arena%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/440px-Sensation_White_2008_Silvester_-_LTU_Arena%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sensation_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensation White">Sensation White</a> New Year's Eve party, <a href="/wiki/Merkur_Spiel-Arena" title="Merkur Spiel-Arena">Esprit Arena</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Düsseldorf has been home to a number of influential music artists and bands, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">krautrock</a> genres, with <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a> being the most prominent example. As one source describes, "This is the place where <a href="/wiki/Neu!" title="Neu!">Neu!</a> conceived the motorik beat, <a href="/wiki/Harmonia_(band)" title="Harmonia (band)">Harmonia</a> dreamed up ambient, <a href="/wiki/Die_Krupps" title="Die Krupps">Die Krupps</a> expanded the idea of industrial, and where those brilliant mensch-maschines Kraftwerk, declared: 'We are the robots'."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1950s the "<a href="/wiki/Kom(m)%C3%B6dchen" title="Kom(m)ödchen">Kom(m)ödchen</a>" has been one of the most prominent political cabarets of Germany. The city's best-known contribution to the culture of modern <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> is the influential avant-garde <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a> band <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>. Formed by two Düsseldorf-born musicians, <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a> is internationally known as the most significant band in the history of <a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">post-war</a> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany" title="Music of Germany">German music</a> and as pioneers in electronic music.<sup id="cite_ref-graun_kraftwerk_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graun_kraftwerk-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other influential musical groups originating from Düsseldorf include <a href="/wiki/Neu!" title="Neu!">Neu!</a>, formed in 1971 by <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Dinger" title="Klaus Dinger">Klaus Dinger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rother" title="Michael Rother">Michael Rother</a>, after their split from Kraftwerk,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Great_Rock_Discography_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Great_Rock_Discography-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="La Düsseldorf">La Düsseldorf</a>, also formed by Dinger in 1976 shortly after Neu! disbanded. Both groups had a significant influence on a variety of subsequent <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a> artists.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internationally known <a href="/wiki/Power_metal" title="Power metal">power metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Warlock_(band)" title="Warlock (band)">Warlock</a> was formed in Düsseldorf in 1982. Its frontwoman, <a href="/wiki/Doro_(musician)" title="Doro (musician)">Doro Pesch</a>, has had a successful solo career in Europe and Asia since <a href="/wiki/Warlock_(band)" title="Warlock (band)">Warlock</a> ended. The <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk band</a> <a href="/wiki/Die_Toten_Hosen" title="Die Toten Hosen">Die Toten Hosen</a>, the electronic act <a href="/wiki/Deutsch_Amerikanische_Freundschaft" title="Deutsch Amerikanische Freundschaft">D.A.F.</a>, as well as the electronic/industrial pioneers <a href="/wiki/Die_Krupps" title="Die Krupps">Die Krupps</a>, all originated in Düsseldorf. </p><p>Düsseldorf appears in several songs, including <i>Düsseldorf</i> by the British indie band <a href="/wiki/Teleman" title="Teleman">Teleman</a> and <i>Wärst du doch in Düsseldorf geblieben</i> by Danish singer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorthe_Kollo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorthe Kollo (page does not exist)">Dorthe Kollo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Fashion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Düsseldorf has been the <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a> capital of Germany <a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_(1945%E2%80%931990)" title="History of Germany (1945–1990)">for decades</a>; it is also a major cultural center for the art scene. Berlin, Germany's 'fashion capital' until 1945, lost its position because of its <a href="/wiki/History_of_Berlin" title="History of Berlin">special location</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet occupation zone">Soviet occupation zone</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Monetary_reform" title="Monetary reform">monetary reform</a> of June 20, 1948, fashionable clothes trends gained importance. <a href="/wiki/Igedo" title="Igedo">Igedo</a> organised fashion shows staged in Düsseldorf starting in March 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a number of schools dedicated to fashion design in Düsseldorf, among them <i>Akademie Mode & Design</i> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Akademie_Mode_%26_Design" class="extiw" title="de:AMD Akademie Mode & Design">de</a>), <i>Design Department</i>, and <i>Mode Design College</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carnival">Carnival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Carnival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_Germany,_Switzerland_and_Austria#Rhineland" title="Carnival in Germany, Switzerland and Austria">Carnival in Germany, Switzerland and Austria § Rhineland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCsseldorf_Karneval_2013_(8465441391).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Karneval_2013_%288465441391%29.jpg/220px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Karneval_2013_%288465441391%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Karneval_2013_%288465441391%29.jpg/330px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Karneval_2013_%288465441391%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Karneval_2013_%288465441391%29.jpg/440px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Karneval_2013_%288465441391%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival in Düsseldorf</a></figcaption></figure> <p>One of the biggest cultural events in Düsseldorf is the <i><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Karneval</a></i> (also referred to as the "fifth season") which starts every year on 11 November at 11:11 a.m., and reaches its climax on <i><a href="/wiki/Rosenmontag" title="Rosenmontag">Rosenmontag</a></i> (Rose Monday), featuring a huge parade through the streets of Düsseldorf. <i>Karneval</i> ends on <i>Aschermittwoch</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Düsseldorf's_cartwheeler"><span id="D.C3.BCsseldorf.27s_cartwheeler"></span>Düsseldorf's cartwheeler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Düsseldorf's cartwheeler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf%27s_cartwheeler" title="Düsseldorf's cartwheeler">Düsseldorf's cartwheeler</a></div> <p>The <i>Düsseldorfer Radschläger</i> (<i>boy who does <a href="/wiki/Cartwheel_(gymnastics)" title="Cartwheel (gymnastics)">cartwheels</a></i>) is said to be the city's oldest tradition. The symbol of the cartwheeler can be found on souvenirs and various things in Düsseldorf have cartwheelers to thank for their names.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legends_of_its_origin_and_history">Legends of its origin and history</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Legends of its origin and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Special:EditPage/Düsseldorf">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The tradition cannot be linked to one specific historical event. Instead, there are several stories surrounding the beginnings of the Düsseldorf cartwheelers. Probably the most well known version is the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Worringen" title="Battle of Worringen">Battle of Worringen</a>. In the battle of 1288, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_VIII_of_Berg" title="Adolf VIII of Berg">Count Adolf</a> devastatingly defeated the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>. As a consequence of this victory, Düsseldorf obtained <a href="/wiki/Town_privileges" title="Town privileges">town privileges</a>. Inhabitants, especially children, ran joyfully on the streets and performed <a href="/wiki/Cartwheel_(gymnastics)" title="Cartwheel (gymnastics)">cartwheels</a>. </p><p>Another story talks about a wedding procession during which one of the wheels of the wedding carriage broke. In order to fend off the threat of bad luck, a boy supposedly jumped up to the carriage, took hold of the wheel and thus became a living part of the wheel. Whether the story is about the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm,_Elector_Palatine" title="Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine">Jan Wellem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Luisa_de%27_Medici" title="Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici">Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici</a> or the wedding of Margravine <a href="/wiki/Jakobea_of_Baden" title="Jakobea of Baden">Jakobea of Baden</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_William,_Duke_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="John William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">Johann Wilhelm</a> is debatable. </p><p>Another story gives an account of the wedding between Margrave Jacobe von Baden and Johann Wilhelm in 1585. According to legend, she felt miserable about her marriage, but the cartwheelers who displayed their skills next to her carriage were able to make her smile. Numerous travelers were attracted to the city by great exhibitions – the forerunner of today's fairs – between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. During this time the children who did cartwheels found out that it was a profitable source of income. The bourgeoisie accepted this in good humour as a symbolic act of local patriotism. In the beginning the lads shouted <i>"för eene Penning schlage ich das Rad"</i> (a cartwheel for a penny). </p><p>The Jan Wellem monument returned to Düsseldorf at the end of the Second World War. The procession was accompanied by torches, fanfares and cartwheeling boys. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Cartwheelers_in_the_cityscape">Cartwheelers in the cityscape</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Cartwheelers in the cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cartwheelers can be found at several fountains within the city and near many small landmarks. The most famous is Cartwheeler's Fountain in <i>Burgplatz</i> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgplatz_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" class="extiw" title="de:Burgplatz (Düsseldorf)">de</a>) with an inscription of a quote by Hans Müller-Schlösser: "<i>Radschläger wolle mer blieve, wie jeck et de Minschen och drieve</i>" (We will always remain cartwheelers, however crazy it drives people.) The fountain was designed by Alfred Zschorsch in 1954 and donated by <i>Heimatverein Düsseldorfer Jonges</i>, which is a club devoted to the maintenance of local and regional traditions. There are other cartwheelers that decorate storm drains and the <a href="/wiki/Door_knocker" title="Door knocker">door knocker</a> on the Church of Lambertus, designed by Friedrich Becker. He created the cartwheeler in front of the Schadow Arcades.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The tradition has been kept alive by the <i>Alde Düsseldorfer Bürgergesellschaft von 1920 e. V.</i>, a society founded in 1920, which organized the first cartwheeler competition on 17 October 1937. This event has been held annually since 1971<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in cooperation with the <i>Stadtsparkasse</i> (a local bank). Formerly held in the <i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsallee" class="mw-redirect" title="Königsallee">Königsallee</a></i>, it has taken place since 2006 on the <i>Rheinwerft</i>, near the old part of town. This is a fixed date in the city's calendar of events. About 500 boys regularly participate in the event and girls have also taken part since 1971. In an art project <i>Radschläger-Kunst</i> (Cartwheeler Art) launched in 2001, over 100 cartwheeler sculptures were designed by various artists. The door knocker on the Church of Lambertus<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (August 2020)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> served as a model for the sculptures that are 2 metres (6 feet 7 inches) high, 2 metres (6 feet 7 inches) wide and 30 cm (12 in) deep. They were positioned around the city centre. Some of the sculptures have been auctioned off to companies and private owners.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christmas_market">Christmas market</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Christmas market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, the city of Düsseldorf uses the city centre to host one of the largest Christmas gatherings in Germany. The Christmas festival occurs every year from 17 November until 23 December. This Christmas festival is responsible for a large portion of tourism every year as many people from nearby areas come to the city to drink <a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">mulled wine</a> and hot chocolate and watch craftsmen <a href="/wiki/Glassblowing" title="Glassblowing">blow glass</a> and create art. The event takes place among many small wooden buildings all clustered in the middle of the city for all the citizens to enjoy. The event, to many visitors, has an old European feel, but is very lively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Himmel_und_Erde_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Himmel_und_Erde_%282%29.jpg/220px-Himmel_und_Erde_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Himmel_und_Erde_%282%29.jpg/330px-Himmel_und_Erde_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Himmel_und_Erde_%282%29.jpg/440px-Himmel_und_Erde_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Himmel_und_Erde" title="Himmel und Erde">Himmel un Äd</a>, "Heaven and Earth"</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional meals in the region are Rheinischer <a href="/wiki/Sauerbraten" title="Sauerbraten">Sauerbraten</a> (a beef roast and sometimes horse marinated for a few days in vinegar and spices served with gravy and raisins) and <a href="/wiki/Himmel_und_erde" class="mw-redirect" title="Himmel und erde">Heaven and Earth</a> (Himmel und Äd; <a href="/wiki/Black_pudding" title="Black pudding">black pudding</a> with stewed apples mixed with <a href="/wiki/Mashed_potato" title="Mashed potato">mashed potatoes</a>). In winter the people like to eat Muscheln Rheinischer Art (Rhenish-style mussels) as well as <a href="/wiki/Reibekuchen" title="Reibekuchen">Reibekuchen</a> (fried potato pancake served with apple sauce). Also a special meal: Düsseldorfer Senfrostbraten (Steaks roasted with Düsseldorf mustard on top). </p><p>Düsseldorf is known for its strong <a href="/wiki/Dijon_mustard" title="Dijon mustard">Dijon</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">mustard</a> served in a traditional pot called "Mostertpöttche", which was immortalised in a <a href="/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">still life</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> in 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rhine Metropolis is one of the most diverse areas in terms of culinary diversity. Düsseldorf, with the third largest Japanese community in Europe, not only provides a wide range of cuisine but also has a solid foundation of authentic Asian food in the city. Düsseldorf's exceptional cuisine has been recognized by the worldwide leading travel guide Lonely Planet. Along with a broad range of diverse cultural cuisine, Düsseldorf is also home to various Michelin starred restaurants that are world renowned.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local specialties include: </p><p><b>Halve Hahn</b> – this dish is made from a half a double rye roll, which is another of the specialties of Düsseldorf, buttered, with a thick slice of aged Gouda cheese, onions, mustard, ground paprika and sour pickles. </p><p><b>Himmel un Aad</b> – a dish of mashed potatoes and apples along with slices of blutwurst. Caramelized onions are usually served with this meal. </p><p><b>Reibekuchen</b> is another famous dish from Düsseldorf; this dish is usually drizzled with Rübensyrup (beet syrup) and is served on pumpernickel slices along with applesauce.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rderpreis_f%C3%BCr_Literatur_der_Landeshauptstadt_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Förderpreis für Literatur der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf">Förderpreis für Literatur der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf</a></i> is a German <a href="/wiki/Literary_award" title="Literary award">Literary award</a> donated by the City of Düsseldorf in <a href="/wiki/Northrhine-Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrhine-Westphalia">Northrhine-Westphalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Prize for Literature in support of the City of Düsseldorf is awarded since 1972 by the Council of the City due to the decisions of the courts.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Förderpreis für Literatur der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf</i> is given once a year to artists and groups, especially to the areas of poetry, writing, review and translation.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivalry_with_Cologne">Rivalry with Cologne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Rivalry with Cologne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rivalry_between_Cologne_and_D%C3%BCsseldorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivalry between Cologne and Düsseldorf">Rivalry between Cologne and Düsseldorf</a></div> <p>Düsseldorf and <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> have had a "fierce regional rivalry".<sup id="cite_ref-Rivalry_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rivalry-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rivalry includes <a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_Germany,_Switzerland_and_Austria" title="Carnival in Germany, Switzerland and Austria">carnival</a> parades, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rivalry_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rivalry-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People in Cologne prefer <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lsch_(beer)" title="Kölsch (beer)">Kölsch</a> while people in Düsseldorf prefer <a href="/wiki/Altbier" title="Altbier">Altbier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rivalry_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rivalry-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Waiters and patrons will "scorn" and make a "mockery" of people who order Alt beer in Cologne and Kölsch in Düsseldorf.<sup id="cite_ref-Rivalry_86-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rivalry-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rivalry has been described as a "love-hate relationship".<sup id="cite_ref-Rivalry_86-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rivalry-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatres">Theatres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Theatres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCsseldorfer_Schauspielhaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/D%C3%BCsseldorfer_Schauspielhaus.jpg/220px-D%C3%BCsseldorfer_Schauspielhaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/D%C3%BCsseldorfer_Schauspielhaus.jpg/330px-D%C3%BCsseldorfer_Schauspielhaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/D%C3%BCsseldorfer_Schauspielhaus.jpg/440px-D%C3%BCsseldorfer_Schauspielhaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption>Düsseldorf Schauspielhaus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tonhalle_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tonhalle_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/220px-Tonhalle_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tonhalle_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/330px-Tonhalle_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tonhalle_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/440px-Tonhalle_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Düsseldorf Tonhalle</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Apollo (varieté, circus; shows do not require knowledge of <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Theater_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Capitol Theater (Düsseldorf)">Capitol</a> (musicals)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Oper_am_Rhein" title="Deutsche Oper am Rhein">Deutsche Oper am Rhein</a> (Opera; Ballet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfer_Schauspielhaus" title="Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus">Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus</a>; the theatre started with theatrical performances in 1585</li> <li>Düsseldorfer Marionetten-Theater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkur_Spiel-Arena" title="Merkur Spiel-Arena">Merkur Spiel-Arena</a> (Venue of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2011" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2011">Eurovision Song Contest 2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_Freies_Theater" title="Forum Freies Theater">FFT</a> – Forum Freies Theater (intimate theatre)</li> <li>Junges Theater in der Altstadt</li> <li>Klangraum (20th-century classical music)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom(m)%C3%B6dchen" title="Kom(m)ödchen">Kom(m)ödchen</a> (Political cabaret)</li> <li>Komödie Düsseldorf</li> <li>Palais Wittgenstein</li> <li>Puppentheater an der Helmholtzstraße (puppetry)</li> <li>Robert-Schumann-Saal</li> <li>Savoy-Theater</li> <li>Seniorentheater in der Altstadt</li> <li>Tanzhaus NRW (theatre for dance)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonhalle_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Tonhalle Düsseldorf">Tonhalle Düsseldorf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Concert_hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Concert hall">concert hall</a> for <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a>, jazz, pop, cabaret)</li> <li>Theater an der Kö</li> <li>Theater an der Luegallee</li> <li>Theateratelier Takelgarn</li> <li>Theater Flin</li> <li>Theater Glorreich</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums,_arts_and_history_institutes,_and_other_attractions"><span id="Museums.2C_arts_and_history_institutes.2C_and_other_attractions"></span>Museums, arts and history institutes, and other attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Museums, arts and history institutes, and other attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K20_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/K20_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/220px-K20_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/K20_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/330px-K20_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/K20_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/440px-K20_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kunstsammlung_Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen">Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen</a> – K20 (Grabbeplatz)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K21_Staendehaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/K21_Staendehaus.jpg/220px-K21_Staendehaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/K21_Staendehaus.jpg/330px-K21_Staendehaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/K21_Staendehaus.jpg/440px-K21_Staendehaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen – K21 (Ständehaus)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Akademie-Galerie (exhibition space of the Art Academy Düsseldorf)</li> <li>Andreaskirche</li> <li>Aquazoo-Löbbecke-Museum (aquarium and zoological museum)</li> <li>TvTower</li> <li>BRAUSE – Vereinsheim des Metzgerei Schnitzel Kunstvereins e.V.</li> <li>Film museum<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Filmstiftung NRW (NRW Film Foundation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_NRW" class="mw-redirect" title="Forum NRW">Forum NRW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a>-Museum</li> <li>Heinrich-Heine-Institut</li> <li>Heinrich Heine Birth-house</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetjens_Museum" class="extiw" title="de:Hetjens Museum">Hetjens Museum</a> (German museum of ceramics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imai_%E2%80%93_inter_media_art_institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Imai – inter media art institute">Imai – inter media art institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Institut Français">Institut Français</a> Düsseldorf</li> <li>Institut für Kunstdokumentation und Szenografie<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Institute for Art Documentation and Scenography)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Stoschek" title="Julia Stoschek">Julia Stoschek Collection</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (video art)</li> <li>KAI 10|Raum für Kunst<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kulturbahnhof Eller<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kunstarchiv Kaiserswerth (works of <a href="/wiki/Bernd_and_Hilla_Becher" title="Bernd and Hilla Becher">Bernd and Hilla Becher</a>/Kahmen Collection)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunst_im_Tunnel" title="Kunst im Tunnel">Kunst im Tunnel</a> (KIT)<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunstsammlung_Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen">Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen</a> (Art Collection Northrhine-Westphalia) – K20 (Grabbeplatz) and K21 (Ständehaus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunsthalle_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunsthalle Düsseldorf">Kunsthalle Düsseldorf</a></li> <li>Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen (Society for the Promotion of the Fine Arts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Kunstpalast" title="Museum Kunstpalast">Museum Kunstpalast</a></li> <li>Mahn- und Gedenkstätte für die Opfer des Nationalsozialmus (Memorial museum for victims of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nationalsocialism</a>)</li> <li>Onomato<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Institute" title="Polish Institute">Polnisches Institut</a> Düsseldorf<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Puppentheater an der Helmholtzstraße</li> <li>Rathaus</li> <li>Reinraum e.V. – Verein zur Förderung von Kunst und Kultur</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rheinturm_D%C3%BCsseldorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheinturm Düsseldorf">Rheinturm</a></span></span> (Rhine Tower; highest building and landmark of Düsseldorf)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_Church_of_St_Lambertus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegiate Church of St Lambertus (page does not exist)">Collegiate Church of St Lambertus</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lambertus_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" class="extiw" title="de:St. Lambertus (Düsseldorf)">de</a>]</span></li> <li>Schiffahrt Museum</li> <li>Schloss Jägerhof</li> <li>Schlossturm</li> <li>Schloss und Park Benrath (palace and park of Benrath)</li> <li>Stadtbibliothek</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadtmuseum_D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadtmuseum Düsseldorf (page does not exist)">Stadtmuseum</a> (City history museum)</li> <li>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Jan_Wellem" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Wellem">Jan Wellem</a></li> <li>Theatermuseum, Düsseldorf</li> <li>Triton Museum</li> <li>Volkshochschule</li> <li>Zakk<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – cultural centre with concerts, readings, debates and party</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg/220px-Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg/330px-Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg/440px-Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Königsallee</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_gardens">Parks and gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Parks and gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botanischer_Garten_D%C3%BCsseldorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanischer Garten Düsseldorf">Botanischer Garten Düsseldorf</a>, a modern <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a></li> <li>Hofgarten</li> <li>The Nordpark, with the Aquazoo</li> <li>The Südfriedhof (The South Cemetery)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.duesseldorf.de/stadtgruen/park.html">Volksgarten adjacent to Südpark</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports_and_live_events">Sports and live events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sports and live events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Düsseldorf's main <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> team <a href="/wiki/Fortuna_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Fortuna Düsseldorf">Fortuna Düsseldorf</a> won the 1933 German championship, the <a href="/wiki/German_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="German Cup">German Cup</a> in 1979 and 1980, and were finalists in the <a href="/wiki/European_Cup_Winners_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="European Cup Winners Cup">European Cup Winners Cup</a> in 1979. They currently play in the <a href="/wiki/2._Bundesliga" title="2. Bundesliga">2. Bundesliga</a>, after being relegated from the <a href="/wiki/Bundesliga" title="Bundesliga">Bundesliga</a> in 2020. They play their matches in the <a href="/wiki/Merkur_Spiel-Arena" title="Merkur Spiel-Arena">Merkur Spiel-Arena</a> (formerly known as the "ESPIRIT Arena" from 2009-2018 and as the "LTU Arena" before 2009), a multi-functional stadium with a capacity of 54,500 people. </p><p>Düsseldorf was one of nine host cities for the <a href="/wiki/1974_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1974 FIFA World Cup">1974 FIFA World Cup</a>, and is one of ten venues staging the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2024" title="UEFA Euro 2024">2024 UEFA European Championship</a>. The Rochusclub Düsseldorf has hosted the tennis <a href="/wiki/World_Team_Cup" title="World Team Cup">World Team Cup</a> from 1978 until 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Düsseldorf also hosted the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Tour_de_France_Grands_D%C3%A9parts" title="List of Tour de France Grands Départs">Grand Départ</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2017_Tour_de_France" title="2017 Tour de France">Tour de France</a> in July 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other sports in Düsseldorf are <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> (the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfer_EG" title="Düsseldorfer EG">Düsseldorfer EG</a> which play in the <a href="/wiki/PSD_Bank_Dome" title="PSD Bank Dome">PSD Bank Dome</a>) and <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>. The <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panther" title="Düsseldorf Panther">Düsseldorf Panther</a> are one of the most successful teams in Germany with six <a href="/wiki/German_Bowl" title="German Bowl">German Bowl</a> titles and the <a href="/wiki/Eurobowl" title="Eurobowl">Eurobowl</a> victory in 1995. In addition the Junior Team are the most successful youth department in Germany with fifteen <a href="/wiki/German_Junior_Bowl" title="German Junior Bowl">Junior Bowl</a> victories. <a href="/wiki/Rhein_Fire_(NFL_Europe)" title="Rhein Fire (NFL Europe)">Rhine Fire Düsseldorf</a> were an established team of the <a href="/wiki/NFL_Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL Europa">NFL Europe</a> and won the <a href="/wiki/World_Bowl" title="World Bowl">World Bowl</a> two times in 1998 and 2000. Düsseldorf has a successful <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> team (Düsseldorf Dragons), who as of 2017/18 play in the western division of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of German rugby.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">Table tennis</a> is also played (<a href="/wiki/Borussia_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Borussia Düsseldorf">Borussia Düsseldorf</a> – the most successful team in Germany with <a href="/wiki/Timo_Boll" title="Timo Boll">Timo Boll</a>), as are <a href="/wiki/Team_handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team handball">handball</a> (HSG Düsseldorf), <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> (<a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Giants" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf Giants">Düsseldorf Giants</a>), <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> (Düsseldorf Senators) and <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dancing</a> (Rot-Weiß Düsseldorf). Düsseldorf also has a <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> team, the Düsseldorf Blackcaps, who play in the regional NRW league.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city hosted the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2011" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2011">Eurovision Song Contest 2011</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/University_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Düsseldorf">Heinrich Heine University</a> Düsseldorf is located in the southern part of the city. It has about 30,000 students and a wide range of subjects in <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural sciences</a>, mathematics, <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer sciences</a>, philosophy, <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">social sciences</a>, arts, languages, medicine, pharmacy, economy and the law. </p><p>Other academic institutions include: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">Clara Schumann</a> Musikschule (music school)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann_Hochschule" title="Robert Schumann Hochschule">Robert Schumann Hochschule</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunstakademie Düsseldorf">Kunstakademie Düsseldorf</a><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Academy of <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">Fine Arts</a>) which is famous for high-profile artists like Joseph Beuys, Paul Klee, Nam June Paik, Gerhard Richter, the Bechers, and Andreas Gursky</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Hochschule_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Hochschule Düsseldorf">Hochschule Düsseldorf</a><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (University of <a href="/wiki/Applied_science" title="Applied science">Applied Sciences</a>)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/AMD_Academy_of_Fashion_and_Design" title="AMD Academy of Fashion and Design">AMD Academy of Fashion and Design</a><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Iron_Research_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH">Max Planck Institute for Iron Research</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Goethe-Institut" title="Goethe-Institut">Goethe Institute</a><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Verwaltungs- und Wirtschafts-Akademie Düsseldorf</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHU_%E2%80%93_Otto_Beisheim_School_of_Management" title="WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management">WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management</a> (Düsseldorf Campus)</li></ul> <p>International primary and secondary schools: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_School_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="International School of Düsseldorf">International School of Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7ais_de_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Lycée français de Düsseldorf">Lycée français international Simone Veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanische_Internationale_Schule_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Japanische Internationale Schule in Düsseldorf">Japanische Internationale Schule in Düsseldorf</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_buildings">Notable buildings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notable buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%BCsseldorf,_Medienhafen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Medienhafen.jpg/220px-D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Medienhafen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Medienhafen.jpg/330px-D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Medienhafen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Medienhafen.jpg/440px-D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Medienhafen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Neuer_Zollhof" title="Neuer Zollhof">Neuer Zollhof</a></i> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medienhafen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medienhafen (page does not exist)">Medienhafen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-05-29_Ingenhoven-Tal_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_im_Bau,_Beschneidung_der_Hainbuchenhecken,_Blick_vom_Breuninger_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/2020-05-29_Ingenhoven-Tal_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_im_Bau%2C_Beschneidung_der_Hainbuchenhecken%2C_Blick_vom_Breuninger_3.jpg/220px-2020-05-29_Ingenhoven-Tal_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_im_Bau%2C_Beschneidung_der_Hainbuchenhecken%2C_Blick_vom_Breuninger_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/2020-05-29_Ingenhoven-Tal_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_im_Bau%2C_Beschneidung_der_Hainbuchenhecken%2C_Blick_vom_Breuninger_3.jpg/330px-2020-05-29_Ingenhoven-Tal_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_im_Bau%2C_Beschneidung_der_Hainbuchenhecken%2C_Blick_vom_Breuninger_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/2020-05-29_Ingenhoven-Tal_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_im_Bau%2C_Beschneidung_der_Hainbuchenhecken%2C_Blick_vom_Breuninger_3.jpg/440px-2020-05-29_Ingenhoven-Tal_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf_im_Bau%2C_Beschneidung_der_Hainbuchenhecken%2C_Blick_vom_Breuninger_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4892" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption>Köbogen building</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rheinturm_D%C3%BCsseldorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheinturm Düsseldorf">Rheinturm</a></span></span> (TV tower), the city's main landmark (1982: 234 m [ 768 ft ], since 2004: 240.50 m [ 789.0 ft ]), the lights of which comprise the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Digital_clock" title="Digital clock">digital clock</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a> designed <i><a href="/wiki/Neuer_Zollhof" title="Neuer Zollhof">Neuer Zollhof</a></i> in the Düsseldorf media harbour</li> <li>The Colorium, an 18-storey tower designed by Alsop and Partners, also in the Düsseldorf media harbour</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Schloss_Benrath" title="Schloss Benrath">Benrather Schloss</a> (Benrath palace)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grupello-Haus" title="Grupello-Haus">Grupello-Haus</a>, probably designed by the Italian architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Alberti_(architect)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matteo Alberti (architect) (page does not exist)">Matteo Alberti (architect)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Alberti" class="extiw" title="de:Matteo Alberti">de</a>]</span> in 1706 for Duke <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm,_Elector_Palatine" title="Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine">Johann Wilhelm</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marx_House" title="Wilhelm Marx House">Wilhelm Marx House</a> of 1922/24: at twelve storeys high, it was Germany's first <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">high-rise building</a>.</li> <li>The Stahlhof of 1906, the administrative centre of Germany's steel economy until 1945</li> <li>The Stummhaus of 1925, another early German high-rise building</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Gerresheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf-Gerresheim">Gerresheim Basilica</a><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Suitbertus_(D%C3%BCsseldorf-Kaiserswerth)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Suitbertus (Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth) (page does not exist)">St. Suitbertus (Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Suitbertus_(D%C3%BCsseldorf-Kaiserswerth)" class="extiw" title="de:St. Suitbertus (Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth)">de</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_R%C3%B6mischer_Kaiser" title="Hotel Römischer Kaiser">Hotel Römischer Kaiser</a>, built in 1903–04</li> <li>DRV Tower, 120-metre-high (394 ft) tower constructed in 1978</li> <li>GAP 15, an 85-metre-high (279 ft) building constructed in 2005 near <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsallee" class="mw-redirect" title="Königsallee">Königsallee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARAG-Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="ARAG-Tower">ARAG-Tower</a>; at 131 m (430 ft) in height, it is Düsseldorf's highest <a href="/wiki/Office" title="Office">office building</a>; designed by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Norman_Foster" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Norman Foster">Sir Norman Foster</a>.</li> <li>Eight bridges span the Rhine at Düsseldorf; they, too, are city landmarks.</li> <li>Eastern pylon of <a href="/wiki/Reisholz_Rhine_Powerline_Crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Reisholz Rhine Powerline Crossing">Reisholz Rhine Powerline Crossing</a>, an electricity pylon under whose legs runs a rail</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanneskirche,_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Johanneskirche, Düsseldorf">Johanneskirche, Düsseldorf</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_places">Notable places</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Notable places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schloss_Benrath_Jan2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Schloss_Benrath_Jan2012.jpg/220px-Schloss_Benrath_Jan2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Schloss_Benrath_Jan2012.jpg/330px-Schloss_Benrath_Jan2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Schloss_Benrath_Jan2012.jpg/440px-Schloss_Benrath_Jan2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3839" data-file-height="2525" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Schloss_Benrath" title="Schloss Benrath">Benrath Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corps_de_logis" title="Corps de logis"><i>Corp de Logis</i></a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsallee" class="mw-redirect" title="Königsallee">Königsallee</a>, shopping street with luxury shops</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schloss_Benrath" title="Schloss Benrath">Schloss Benrath</a>, rococo castle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Altstadt (Düsseldorf)">Altstadt (Düsseldorf)</a>, literally "old town", the historic town centre with the town hall <i>Altes Rathaus</i> from 1573. Nowadays Düsseldorf's entertainment district with hundreds of pubs and restaurants, and proverbially known by Germans as "the longest bar in the world".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Hafen" title="Düsseldorf-Hafen">Düsseldorf-Hafen</a>; the harbour is a modern build district.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserswerth" title="Kaiserswerth">Kaiserswerth</a>, historical district with the ruined castle of Barbarossa <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schloss_Heltorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schloss Heltorf (page does not exist)">Schloss Heltorf</a>, the biggest palace in Düsseldorf, since 1662 homestead of the noble family <i>Grafen von Spee</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hofgarten,_D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hofgarten, Düsseldorf (page does not exist)">Hofgarten</a>, old city park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schloss_J%C3%A4gerhof" title="Schloss Jägerhof">Schloss Jägerhof</a>, an old hunting lodge at the Hofgarten, today a Goethe Museum</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <p>Düsseldorf is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a>, England, UK (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a>, Germany (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, Israel (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland (1989)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, China (2004)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, Italy (2016)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture" title="Chiba Prefecture">Chiba Prefecture</a>, Japan (2019)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi" title="Chernivtsi">Chernivtsi</a>, Ukraine (2022)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia (1992);<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suspended due to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friendship_and_cooperation">Friendship and cooperation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Friendship and cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Düsseldorf also cooperates with:<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>, France (2003)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>, Spain (2003)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>, China (2004)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, China (2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Canada (2015)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>, United States of America (2024)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Born_before_1850">Born before 1850</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Born before 1850"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinrich_Heine-Oppenheim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Heinrich_Heine-Oppenheim.jpg/130px-Heinrich_Heine-Oppenheim.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Heinrich_Heine-Oppenheim.jpg/195px-Heinrich_Heine-Oppenheim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Heinrich_Heine-Oppenheim.jpg/260px-Heinrich_Heine-Oppenheim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1445" data-file-height="1832" /></a><figcaption>Heinrich Heine 1831</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacobi_(Tischbein).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Jacobi_%28Tischbein%29.jpg/130px-Jacobi_%28Tischbein%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Jacobi_%28Tischbein%29.jpg/195px-Jacobi_%28Tischbein%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Jacobi_%28Tischbein%29.jpg/260px-Jacobi_%28Tischbein%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1420" data-file-height="1787" /></a><figcaption>Johann Georg Jacobi</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves" title="Anne of Cleves">Anne of Cleves</a> (1515–1557), Married to Henry VIII</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Charles_de_Velbr%C3%BCck" title="François-Charles de Velbrück">François-Charles de Velbrück</a> (1719–1784), Prince-Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Curtens" title="Helena Curtens">Helena Curtens</a> (1722–1738), last victim of the witch trials in the Lower Rhine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Jacobi" title="Johann Georg Jacobi">Johann Georg Jacobi</a> (1740–1814), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Heinrich_Jacobi" title="Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi">Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi</a> (1743–1819), philosopher and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_von_Cornelius" title="Peter von Cornelius">Peter von Cornelius</a> (1783–1867), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heinrich Heine</a> (1797–1856), poet and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenz_Clasen" title="Lorenz Clasen">Lorenz Clasen</a> (1812–1899), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Camphausen" title="Wilhelm Camphausen">Wilhelm Camphausen</a> (1818–1885), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Strantz" title="Louise Strantz">Louise Strantz</a> (1823–1909), composer and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hatzfeldt" title="Paul von Hatzfeldt">Paul von Hatzfeldt</a> (1831–1901), diplomat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Josef_Reiss" title="Anton Josef Reiss">Anton Josef Reiss</a> (1835–1900), sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Richter" title="Eugen Richter">Eugen Richter</a> (1838–1906), politician and publicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Forstmann" title="Arnold Forstmann">Arnold Forstmann</a> (1842–1914), landscape painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Janssen" title="Peter Janssen">Peter Janssen</a> (1844–1908), painter, professor at the Art Academy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rudolf_Sohn" title="Karl Rudolf Sohn">Karl Rudolf Sohn</a> (1845–1908), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a> (1849–1925), mathematician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Born_1851–1900"><span id="Born_1851.E2.80.931900"></span>Born 1851–1900</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Born 1851–1900"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georg_Wenker_Georg_Wenker_(1852-1911)_(Alter_Fritz).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Georg_Wenker_Georg_Wenker_%281852-1911%29_%28Alter_Fritz%29.jpg/150px-Georg_Wenker_Georg_Wenker_%281852-1911%29_%28Alter_Fritz%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Georg_Wenker_Georg_Wenker_%281852-1911%29_%28Alter_Fritz%29.jpg/225px-Georg_Wenker_Georg_Wenker_%281852-1911%29_%28Alter_Fritz%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Georg_Wenker_Georg_Wenker_%281852-1911%29_%28Alter_Fritz%29.jpg/300px-Georg_Wenker_Georg_Wenker_%281852-1911%29_%28Alter_Fritz%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Georg Wenker</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wenker" title="Georg Wenker">Georg Wenker</a> (1852–1911), linguist, founder of linguistic atlas of the German Reich (Wenkeratlas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Janssen" title="Karl Janssen">Karl Janssen</a> (1855–1927), sculptor, professor at the Art Academy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Graf_von_Kalckreuth" title="Leopold Graf von Kalckreuth">Leopold Graf von Kalckreuth</a> (1855–1928), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Countess_von_Kalckreuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Countess von Kalckreuth">Maria Countess von Kalckreuth</a> (1857–1897), painter</li> <li>Fritz Reiss (1857–1915), lithographer, illustrator, graphic artist and painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Schmitz" title="Bruno Schmitz">Bruno Schmitz</a> (1858–1916), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hupp" title="Otto Hupp">Otto Hupp</a> (1859–1949), signature graphic artist, engraver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Herzfeld" title="Albert Herzfeld">Albert Herzfeld</a> (1865–1943), painter and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Elisabeth_Overbeck" title="Agnes Elisabeth Overbeck">Agnes Elisabeth Overbeck</a> (1870–1919), composer and pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanns_Heinz_Ewers" title="Hanns Heinz Ewers">Hanns Heinz Ewers</a> (1871–1943), writer and filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Levison" title="Wilhelm Levison">Wilhelm Levison</a> (1876–1947), historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elly_Ney" title="Elly Ney">Elly Ney</a> (1882–1968), world-famous concert pianist</li> <li>Carl Maria Weber (1890–1953), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Reetz" title="Willy Reetz">Willy Reetz</a> (1892–1963), painter, "Düsseldorf School"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kn%C3%BCfken" title="Hermann Knüfken">Hermann Knüfken</a> (1893–1976), marine soldier, revolutionary, union activist, resistance fighter and secret agent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Gehre" title="Ludwig Gehre">Ludwig Gehre</a> (1895–1945), officer and resistance fighter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Globke" title="Hans Globke">Hans Globke</a> (1898–1973), jurist, National Socialist, from 1949 Assistant Secretary, then Secretary of State in the Federal Chancellery (1953–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Appen" title="Karl von Appen">Karl von Appen</a> (1900–1981), stage designer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Born_after_1900">Born after 1900</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Born after 1900"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filmregisseur_Helmut_Kautne_in_Nederland,_Bestanddeelnr_910-9501.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Filmregisseur_Helmut_Kautne_in_Nederland%2C_Bestanddeelnr_910-9501.jpg/150px-Filmregisseur_Helmut_Kautne_in_Nederland%2C_Bestanddeelnr_910-9501.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Filmregisseur_Helmut_Kautne_in_Nederland%2C_Bestanddeelnr_910-9501.jpg/225px-Filmregisseur_Helmut_Kautne_in_Nederland%2C_Bestanddeelnr_910-9501.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Filmregisseur_Helmut_Kautne_in_Nederland%2C_Bestanddeelnr_910-9501.jpg/300px-Filmregisseur_Helmut_Kautne_in_Nederland%2C_Bestanddeelnr_910-9501.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2427" data-file-height="3699" /></a><figcaption>Helmut Käutner 1960</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Lorenz_(tenor)" title="Max Lorenz (tenor)">Max Lorenz</a> (1901–1975), tenor</li></ul> <p>Joseph H. Heinen (1903-1981), founder, <a href="/wiki/Heinen%27s" title="Heinen's">Heinen's Grocery Stores</a>, Cleveland, Ohio </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Ulmen" title="Toni Ulmen">Toni Ulmen</a> (1906–1976), motorcycle and car race driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Pschigode" title="Karl Pschigode">Karl Pschigode</a> (1907–1971), actor and theatre director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_K%C3%A4utner" title="Helmut Käutner">Helmut Käutner</a> (1908–1980), film director and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilarius_Gilges" title="Hilarius Gilges">Hilarius Gilges</a> (1909–1933), Afro-German actor, victim of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Klusen" title="Ernst Klusen">Ernst Klusen</a> (1909–1988), musicologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise_Rainer" title="Luise Rainer">Luise Rainer</a> (1910–2014), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Peters_(racing_driver)" title="Josef Peters (racing driver)">Josef Peters</a> (1914–2001), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_Benser" title="Ursula Benser">Ursula Benser</a> (1915–2001), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Beckey" title="Fred Beckey">Fred Beckey</a> (1923–2017), rock climber, mountaineer, author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a> (born 1929), philosopher and sociologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl-Ludwig_Wagner" title="Carl-Ludwig Wagner">Carl-Ludwig Wagner</a> (1930–2012), politician (CDU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Wenders" title="Wim Wenders">Wim Wenders</a> (born 1945), filmmaker, playwright, author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Thomas" title="Carmen Thomas">Carmen Thomas</a> (born 1946), journalist, radio and television presenter, author and lecturer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_M%C3%BCller-Westernhagen" title="Marius Müller-Westernhagen">Marius Müller-Westernhagen</a> (born 1948), actor and musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiner_Koch" title="Heiner Koch">Heiner Koch</a> (born 1954), Roman Catholic bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Gursky" title="Andreas Gursky">Andreas Gursky</a> (born 1955), photographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_B%C3%B6ttinger" title="Bettina Böttinger">Bettina Böttinger</a> (born 1956), TV-presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgitt_Bender" title="Birgitt Bender">Birgitt Bender</a> (born 1956), politician (The Greens), Member of Landtag and Bundestag</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommi_Stumpff" title="Tommi Stumpff">Tommi Stumpff</a> (born 1958), musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petra_M%C3%BCllejans" title="Petra Müllejans">Petra Müllejans</a> (born 1959), conductor and violinist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_Hoffmann_(musician)" title="Bettina Hoffmann (musician)">Bettina Hoffmann</a> (born 1959), musician and musicologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Frege" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreas Frege">Andreas Frege</a> (born 1962), "Campino", singer in the band <a href="/wiki/Die_Toten_Hosen" title="Die Toten Hosen">Die Toten Hosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Obermann" title="René Obermann">René Obermann</a> (born 1963), manager, husband of <a href="/wiki/Maybrit_Illner" title="Maybrit Illner">Maybrit Illner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Schmadtke" title="Jörg Schmadtke">Jörg Schmadtke</a> (born 1964), football manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Olbrich" title="André Olbrich">André Olbrich</a> (born 1967), guitarist in the band <a href="/wiki/Blind_Guardian" title="Blind Guardian">Blind Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Preetz" title="Michael Preetz">Michael Preetz</a> (born 1967), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svenja_Schulze" title="Svenja Schulze">Svenja Schulze</a> (born 1968), politician (SPD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heike_Makatsch" title="Heike Makatsch">Heike Makatsch</a> (born 1971), actress and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_Kakihara" title="Tetsuya Kakihara">Tetsuya Kakihara</a> (born 1982), voice actor and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erika_Ikuta" title="Erika Ikuta">Erika Ikuta</a> (born 1997), Japanese actress, a former member of <a href="/wiki/Nogizaka46" title="Nogizaka46">Nogizaka46</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Associated_with_Düsseldorf"><span id="Associated_with_D.C3.BCsseldorf"></span>Associated with Düsseldorf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Associated with Düsseldorf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Mulvany" title="William Thomas Mulvany">William Thomas Mulvany</a> (1806–1885 in Düsseldorf), entrepreneur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a> (1810–1856), composer, 1850–1854 urban music director in Düsseldorf</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rethel" title="Alfred Rethel">Alfred Rethel</a> (1816–1859 in Düsseldorf), history painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Eduard_Boettcher" title="Christian Eduard Boettcher">Christian Eduard Boettcher</a> (1818–1889), painter who lived, worked and died in Düsseldorf</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">Clara Schumann</a> (1819–1896), pianist and composer, wife of Robert Schumann, frequent host of <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a> in Düsseldorf (1850–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a> (1824–1868), painter, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf School">Düsseldorf School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Dumont" title="Louise Dumont">Louise Dumont</a> (1862–1932 in Düsseldorf), actress and 1904 founder of the <i>Schauspielhaus Düsseldorf</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Ey" title="Johanna Ey">Johanna "Mother" Ey</a> (1864–1947 in Düsseldorf), gallery owner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Behrens" title="Peter Behrens">Peter Behrens</a> (1868–1940), architect and director of the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Art_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf Art Academy">Düsseldorf Art Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Kreis" title="Wilhelm Kreis">Wilhelm Kreis</a> (1873–1955), architect and director of the School of Applied Arts Düsseldorf</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_K%C3%BCrten" title="Peter Kürten">Peter Kürten</a> (1883–1931), called "The Vampire of Düsseldorf", committed in Düsseldorf during the period between February and November 1929 series of sexual homicides</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Uzarski" title="Adolf Uzarski">Adolf Uzarski</a> (1885–1970 in Düsseldorf), writer, painter and graphic artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Fahrenkamp" title="Emil Fahrenkamp">Emil Fahrenkamp</a> (1885–1966), architect and director of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Art_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf Art Academy">Düsseldorf Art Academy</a> 1937–1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Knox" title="Betty Knox">Betty Knox</a> (1906–1963), dancer with variety act <a href="/wiki/Wilson,_Keppel_and_Betty" title="Wilson, Keppel and Betty">Wilson, Keppel and Betty</a> and war correspondent. She lived in the city during her later years and died there.<sup id="cite_ref-Betty_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Betty-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Martin_(theatre_director_and_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Martin (theatre director and manager)">Ernest Martin</a> (born 1932), theatre director, theatre manager and actor in Düsseldorf</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/64px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Japan_Day_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Japan Day in Düsseldorf">Japan Day in Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPENCities" title="OPENCities">OPENCities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_D%C3%BCsseldorf_axe_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Düsseldorf axe attack">2017 Düsseldorf axe attack</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">English: <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">DUUSS</span>-əl-dorf</i></a> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dj/: 'd' in 'dew'">dj</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">DEWSS</span>-</i></a>);<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="IPA-label">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈdʏsl̩dɔʁf]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a4\/De-D%C3%BCsseldorf.ogg\/De-D%C3%BCsseldorf.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-D\u00fcsseldorf.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/De-D%C3%BCsseldorf.ogg/De-D%C3%BCsseldorf.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-D%C3%BCsseldorf.ogg" title="File:De-Düsseldorf.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Low_Franconian" title="Low Franconian">Low Franconian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_language" title="Ripuarian language">Ripuarian</a>: <i>Düsseldörp</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="li-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈdʏsəldœʀəp]</a></span>;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup (March 2022)">tone?</span></a></i>]</sup> archaic <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Dusseldorp</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈdʏsəlˌdɔr(ə)p]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">After <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From north to south: Kittelbach, Nördliche Düssel, Südliche Düssel, Brückerbach</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_obb_lr.shtml">Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517032138/https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_obb_lr.shtml">Archived</a> 17 May 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 19 June 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmt_für_Statistik_und_Wahlen" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Amt für Statistik und Wahlen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100121110756/http://www.it.nrw.de/statistik/a/daten/amtlichebevoelkerungszahlen/rp1_juni09.html">"Demografie-Monitoring Düsseldorf 2013 bis 2018"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/Demografie-Monitoring_2013_bis_2018.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Demografie-Monitoring+D%C3%BCsseldorf+2013+bis+2018&rft.au=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+und+Wahlen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Ffileadmin%2FAmt12%2Fstatistik%2Fstadtforschung%2Fdownload%2FDemografie-Monitoring_2013_bis_2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landesdatenbank.nrw.de/ldbnrw/online?operation=result&code=12411-31iz&leerzeilen=false&language=de">"Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2023 – Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes auf Basis des Zensus vom 9. Mai 2011"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Landesbetrieb_Information_und_Technik_NRW" class="mw-redirect" title="Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW">Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+der+Gemeinden+Nordrhein-Westfalens+am+31.+Dezember+2023+%E2%80%93+Fortschreibung+des+Bev%C3%B6lkerungsstandes+auf+Basis+des+Zensus+vom+9.+Mai+2011&rft.pub=Landesbetrieb+Information+und+Technik+NRW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.landesdatenbank.nrw.de%2Fldbnrw%2Fonline%3Foperation%3Dresult%26code%3D12411-31iz%26leerzeilen%3Dfalse%26language%3Dde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/dusseldorf">"Dusseldorf"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013441/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/dusseldorf">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Dusseldorf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Famp%2Fenglish%2Fdusseldorf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/D%C3%BCsseldorf">"Düsseldorf"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=D%C3%BCsseldorf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FD%25C3%25BCsseldorf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/dusseldorf">"Düsseldorf Definition & Meaning"</a>. <i>Dictionary.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203033939/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/dusseldorf">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=D%C3%BCsseldorf+Definition+%26+Meaning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fdusseldorf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1,525,029 inhabitants for the Düsseldorf <a href="/wiki/Larger_Urban_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger Urban Zone">Larger Urban Zone</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090806064622/http://www.duesseldorf.de/presse/pld/d2008/d2008_07/d2008_07_28/08072813_160.pdf">"Communla Administration of Düsseldorf, 28 of July 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duesseldorf.de/presse/pld/d2008/d2008_07/d2008_07_28/08072813_160.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communla+Administration+of+D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C+28+of+July+2008.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Fpresse%2Fpld%2Fd2008%2Fd2008_07%2Fd2008_07_28%2F08072813_160.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718195759/http://www.anteon.de/images/stories/Anteon/Pressearchiv/IZ_280808.pdf">"Immobilien Zeitung: <i>Mehr Räume für die große Modenschau</i> vom 28. August 2008, 1 March 2009"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anteon.de/images/stories/Anteon/Pressearchiv/IZ_280808.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immobilien+Zeitung%3A+Mehr+R%C3%A4ume+f%C3%BCr+die+gro%C3%9Fe+Modenschau+vom+28.+August+2008%2C+1+March+2009.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anteon.de%2Fimages%2Fstories%2FAnteon%2FPressearchiv%2FIZ_280808.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120504012517/http://www.europeancitiesmonitor.eu/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/ECM-2010-Full-Version.pdf">"Cushman & Wakefield: European Cities Monitor"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeancitiesmonitor.eu/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/ECM-2010-Full-Version.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cushman+%26+Wakefield%3A+European+Cities+Monitor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeancitiesmonitor.eu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F10%2FECM-2010-Full-Version.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713042013/http://www.messe-duesseldorf.com/md-files/doc/MD_annual_report_2009.pdf">"Messe Düsseldorf Annual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.messe-duesseldorf.com/md-files/doc/MD_annual_report_2009.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Messe+D%C3%BCsseldorf+Annual+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.messe-duesseldorf.com%2Fmd-files%2Fdoc%2FMD_annual_report_2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deal-magazin.com/index.php?cont=news&news=10153">2010 survey by Jones Lang LaSalle</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224145908/http://www.deal-magazin.com/index.php?cont=news&news=10153">Archived</a> 24 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; accessed 8 December 2014. <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mercer-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mercer_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercer.com/about/newsroom/vienna-offers-highest-quality-of-living-for-expatriates-according-to-2023-quality-of-living-survey/">"Mercer's 2023 Quality of Living survey highlights — Global"</a>. <i>Mercer</i>. 12 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mercer&rft.atitle=Mercer%27s+2023+Quality+of+Living+survey+highlights+%E2%80%94+Global&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercer.com%2Fabout%2Fnewsroom%2Fvienna-offers-highest-quality-of-living-for-expatriates-according-to-2023-quality-of-living-survey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolsey2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Woolsey, Matt (28 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2009/04/27/cities-best-live-lifestyle-real-estate-best-places-to-live.html">"World's 20 Best Places To Live"</a>. <i>Forbes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171108090046/https://www.forbes.com/2009/04/27/cities-best-live-lifestyle-real-estate-best-places-to-live.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes.com&rft.atitle=World%27s+20+Best+Places+To+Live&rft.date=2009-04-28&rft.aulast=Woolsey&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2009%2F04%2F27%2Fcities-best-live-lifestyle-real-estate-best-places-to-live.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weidenhaupt, Hugo: <i>Kleine Geschichte der Stadt Düsseldorf</i>, Triltsch-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1979; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7998-0000-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-7998-0000-X">3-7998-0000-X</a>. <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jörg Nimmergut: Historische Wertpapiere – Sinnvoll sammeln – garantiert gewinnen, p. 144-145, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3894410426" title="Special:BookSources/3894410426">3894410426</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadison2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Madison, Rodney (2005). "Air Warfare, Strategic Bombing". <i>The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social and Military History</i>. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">45–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1851094202" title="Special:BookSources/1851094202"><bdi>1851094202</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Air+Warfare%2C+Strategic+Bombing&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+World+War+I%3A+A+Political%2C+Social+and+Military+History&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1851094202&rft.aulast=Madison&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilford1996" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tilford, Earl H. Jr. (1996). "Air Warfare: Strategic Bombing". <i>The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia</i>. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">13–</span>15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-81533-351-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-81533-351-X"><bdi>0-81533-351-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Air+Warfare%3A+Strategic+Bombing&rft.btitle=The+European+Powers+in+the+First+World+War%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-81533-351-X&rft.aulast=Tilford&rft.aufirst=Earl+H.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birchall, Ian H./Pierre Broué/Brian Pearce, <i>The German Revolution 1917–1923</i>, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1109">"Strafgefängnis und Untersuchungshaftanstalt Düsseldorf-Derendorf"</a>. <i>Bundesarchiv.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesarchiv.de&rft.atitle=Strafgef%C3%A4ngnis+und+Untersuchungshaftanstalt+D%C3%BCsseldorf-Derendorf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesarchiv.de%2Fzwangsarbeit%2Fhaftstaetten%2Findex.php%3Faction%3D2.2%26tab%3D7%26id%3D1109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegargee2009" class="citation book cs1">Megargee, Geoffrey P. (2009). <i>The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I</i>. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. <span class="nowrap">330–</span>336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35328-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35328-3"><bdi>978-0-253-35328-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum+Encyclopedia+of+Camps+and+Ghettos+1933%E2%80%931945.+Volume+I&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E330-%3C%2Fspan%3E336&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press%2C+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35328-3&rft.aulast=Megargee&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1107">"Lager für Sinti und Roma Düsseldorf"</a>. <i>Bundesarchiv.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesarchiv.de&rft.atitle=Lager+f%C3%BCr+Sinti+und+Roma+D%C3%BCsseldorf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesarchiv.de%2Fzwangsarbeit%2Fhaftstaetten%2Findex.php%3Faction%3D2.2%26tab%3D7%26id%3D1107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/310937">"Israel National News 1 August 2021"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803175038/https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/310937">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+National+News+1+August+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F310937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Shelby, <i>World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946</i> (Revised Edition, 2006), Stackpole Books, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=401&cityname=D%25FCsseldorf%252C+North+Rhine-Westphalia%252C+Germany&units=">"Düsseldorf, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308204631/https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=401&cityname=D%FCsseldorf%2C+North+Rhine-Westphalia%2C+Germany&units=">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C+Germany+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D401%26cityname%3DD%2525FCsseldorf%25252C%2BNorth%2BRhine-Westphalia%25252C%2BGermany%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20060922083154/http://www.bezreg-duesseldorf.nrw.de/BezRegDdorf/autorenbereich/Dezernat_53/BarbaraAlnoch_Buber/Luftreinhalteplan_D__sseldorf__S__dliche_Innenstadt.pdf">"Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf – <i>Luftreinhalteplan</i> (2004)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bezreg-duesseldorf.nrw.de/BezRegDdorf/autorenbereich/Dezernat_53/BarbaraAlnoch_Buber/Luftreinhalteplan_D__sseldorf__S__dliche_Innenstadt.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bezirksregierung+D%C3%BCsseldorf+%E2%80%93+Luftreinhalteplan+%282004%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bezreg-duesseldorf.nrw.de%2FBezRegDdorf%2Fautorenbereich%2FDezernat_53%2FBarbaraAlnoch_Buber%2FLuftreinhalteplan_D__sseldorf__S__dliche_Innenstadt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Klimaatlas – NRW</i> (1989): Der Minister für Umwelt, Raumordnung und Landwirtschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalens, Düsseldorf.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230916125911/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Duesseldorf_10400.csv">"Düsseldorf Climate Normals 1991–2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Duesseldorf_10400.csv">the original</a> on 16 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%BCsseldorf+Climate+Normals+1991%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FGermany%2FCSV%2FDuesseldorf_10400.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_germany/climate/">"Monatswerte Düsseldorf"</a>. Deutscher Wetterdienst. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185254/https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_germany/climate/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monatswerte+D%C3%BCsseldorf&rft.pub=Deutscher+Wetterdienst&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopendata.dwd.de%2Fclimate_environment%2FCDC%2Fobservations_germany%2Fclimate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wetterdienst.de/Deutschlandwetter/Duesseldorf/Klima/">https://www.wetterdienst.de/Deutschlandwetter/Duesseldorf/Klima/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.it.nrw/statistik">"IT.NRW – Statistisches Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen"</a>. <i>Landesbetrieb IT.NRW</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190616073027/https://www.it.nrw/statistik">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Landesbetrieb+IT.NRW&rft.atitle=IT.NRW+%E2%80%93+Statistisches+Landesamt+Nordrhein-Westfalen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.it.nrw%2Fstatistik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citypopulation.de/en/germany/cities/">"Germany: States and Major Cities"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany%3A+States+and+Major+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fgermany%2Fcities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtbezirke/Stadtbezirk03.pdf">"Statistische Informationen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Amt 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423032923/http://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtbezirke/Stadtbezirk03.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistische+Informationen&rft.pub=Amt+12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Ffileadmin%2FAmt12%2Fstatistik%2Fstadtforschung%2Fdownload%2Fstadtbezirke%2FStadtbezirk03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtbezirke/Stadtbezirk04.pdf">"Statistische Informationen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Amt 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423052101/http://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtbezirke/Stadtbezirk04.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistische+Informationen&rft.pub=Amt+12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Ffileadmin%2FAmt12%2Fstatistik%2Fstadtforschung%2Fdownload%2Fstadtbezirke%2FStadtbezirk04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtbezirke/Stadtbezirk06.pdf">"Statistische Informationen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Amt 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423032918/http://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtbezirke/Stadtbezirk06.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistische+Informationen&rft.pub=Amt+12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Ffileadmin%2FAmt12%2Fstatistik%2Fstadtforschung%2Fdownload%2Fstadtbezirke%2FStadtbezirk06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtbezirke/Stadtbezirk07.pdf">"Statistische Informationen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Amt 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220609171830/https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtbezirke/Stadtbezirk07.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistische+Informationen&rft.pub=Amt+12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Ffileadmin%2FAmt12%2Fstatistik%2Fstadtforschung%2Fdownload%2Fstadtbezirke%2FStadtbezirk07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtbezirke/Stadtbezirk08.pdf">"Statistische Informationen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Amt 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423032913/http://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtbezirke/Stadtbezirk08.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistische+Informationen&rft.pub=Amt+12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Ffileadmin%2FAmt12%2Fstatistik%2Fstadtforschung%2Fdownload%2Fstadtbezirke%2FStadtbezirk08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtbezirke/Stadtbezirk10.pdf">"Statistische Informationen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Amt 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327011734/https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtbezirke/Stadtbezirk10.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistische+Informationen&rft.pub=Amt+12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Ffileadmin%2FAmt12%2Fstatistik%2Fstadtforschung%2Fdownload%2Fstadtbezirke%2FStadtbezirk10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtteile/Himmelgeist_092.pdf">"Statistische Informationen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Amt 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423032922/http://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtteile/Himmelgeist_092.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistische+Informationen&rft.pub=Amt+12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Ffileadmin%2FAmt12%2Fstatistik%2Fstadtforschung%2Fdownload%2Fstadtteile%2FHimmelgeist_092.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/EU-Auslaender_in_Duesseldorf.pdf">"EU-Ausländer in Duesseldorf"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120202010/https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/EU-Auslaender_in_Duesseldorf.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EU-Ausl%C3%A4nder+in+Duesseldorf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Ffileadmin%2FAmt12%2Fstatistik%2Fstadtforschung%2Fdownload%2FEU-Auslaender_in_Duesseldorf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160714144940/http://www.it.nrw.de/statistik/a/daten/bevoelkerungszahlen_zensus/index.html">"Amtliche Bevölkerungszahlen"</a>. Information und Technik Nordrhein-Westfalen. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.it.nrw.de/statistik/a/daten/bevoelkerungszahlen_zensus/index.html">the original</a> on 14 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amtliche+Bev%C3%B6lkerungszahlen&rft.pub=Information+und+Technik+Nordrhein-Westfalen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.it.nrw.de%2Fstatistik%2Fa%2Fdaten%2Fbevoelkerungszahlen_zensus%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Statistisches_Jahrbuch-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Statistisches_Jahrbuch_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/statistisches_jahrbuch_2015.pdf">"Statistisches Jahrbuch der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf – Bevölkerung nach Nationalität"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Duesseldorf.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180325171507/https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/statistisches_jahrbuch_2015.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japantag+in+D%C3%BCsseldorf%3A+Welcome&rft.pub=Japantag-duesseldorf-nrw.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantag-duesseldorf-nrw.de%2F305.html%3F%26L%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDüsseldorf" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Düsseldorf, Landeshauptstadt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030031522/https://www.duesseldorf.de/statistik-und-wahlen/statistik-und-stadtforschung/statistische-daten">"Statistische Daten"</a>. <i>www.duesseldorf.de</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/statistik-und-wahlen/statistik-und-stadtforschung/statistische-daten">the original</a> on 30 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved 3 November 2022. <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/aktuell/b111000kw2000.shtml">https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/aktuell/b111000kw2000.shtml</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/aktuell/a111000kw2000.shtml">https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/aktuell/a111000kw2000.shtml</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrwinvest.com/en/about-us/press/detail/news/detail/News/strengthening-the-it-and-digital-location-three-chinese-tech-corporations-move-to-north-rhine-westp/">"Strengthening the IT and digital location: Three Chinese tech corporations move to North Rhine-Westphalia"</a>. <i>www.nrwinvest.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814223513/https://www.nrwinvest.com/en/about-us/press/detail/news/detail/News/strengthening-the-it-and-digital-location-three-chinese-tech-corporations-move-to-north-rhine-westp/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nrwinvest.com&rft.atitle=Strengthening+the+IT+and+digital+location%3A+Three+Chinese+tech+corporations+move+to+North+Rhine-Westphalia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrwinvest.com%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fpress%2Fdetail%2Fnews%2Fdetail%2FNews%2Fstrengthening-the-it-and-digital-location-three-chinese-tech-corporations-move-to-north-rhine-westp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000606221616/http://www.ltu.de/kontakt/i_kontakt.html">"Kontakt"</a>. Archived from the original on 6 June 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kontakt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ltu.de%2Fkontakt%2Fi_kontakt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> <a href="/wiki/LTU_International" title="LTU International">LTU International</a>; retrieved 21 June 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070809144413/http://comfort-gmbh.de/pressemitteilungen/21.03.2007.pdf">"Modemetropole Mit Internationalem Chic"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comfort-gmbh.de/pressemitteilungen/21.03.2007.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modemetropole+Mit+Internationalem+Chic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomfort-gmbh.de%2Fpressemitteilungen%2F21.03.2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinke2016" class="citation journal cs1">Finke, Tobias Rafael (2016). "Deutschland, deine Finanzplätze". <i>Die Bank – Zeitschrift für Bankpolitik und Praxis</i>. <b>8</b>: <span class="nowrap">18–</span>22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Bank+%E2%80%93+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Bankpolitik+und+Praxis&rft.atitle=Deutschland%2C+deine+Finanzpl%C3%A4tze&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Finke&rft.aufirst=Tobias+Rafael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191102220019/https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/nn_217688/Statischer-Content/Rubriken/Beschaeftigung/Beschaeftigte/Beschaeftigte-nach-Regionen-Kreise-kreisefreie-Staedte-und-Agenturen-fuer-Arbeit.html">"Regionalreport über Beschäftigte – Kreise und Agenturen für Arbeit"</a>. 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/nn_217688/Statischer-Content/Rubriken/Beschaeftigung/Beschaeftigte/Beschaeftigte-nach-Regionen-Kreise-kreisefreie-Staedte-und-Agenturen-fuer-Arbeit.html">the original</a> on 2 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regionalreport+%C3%BCber+Besch%C3%A4ftigte+%E2%80%93+Kreise+und+Agenturen+f%C3%BCr+Arbeit&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistik.arbeitsagentur.de%2Fnn_217688%2FStatischer-Content%2FRubriken%2FBeschaeftigung%2FBeschaeftigte%2FBeschaeftigte-nach-Regionen-Kreise-kreisefreie-Staedte-und-Agenturen-fuer-Arbeit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarry" class="citation web cs1">Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009094820/http://www.amazingcapitals.com/dusseldorf/things-to-do/stage-screen/movies">"Movie theatres and cinemas showing original language films and movies, OV, OmU in Düsseldorf on Amazing Düsseldorf | Amazing Capitals"</a>. <i>www.amazingcapitals.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amazingcapitals.com/dusseldorf/things-to-do/stage-screen/movies">the original</a> on 9 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.amazingcapitals.com&rft.atitle=Movie+theatres+and+cinemas+showing+original+language+films+and+movies%2C+OV%2C+OmU+in+D%C3%BCsseldorf+on+Amazing+D%C3%BCsseldorf+%7C+Amazing+Capitals&rft.au=Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazingcapitals.com%2Fdusseldorf%2Fthings-to-do%2Fstage-screen%2Fmovies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFderwesten.de2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">derwesten.de, DerWesten- (8 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.derwesten.de/panorama/vermischtes/groesste-flughaefen-in-deutschland-passagiere-verkehrsflughafen-passagieraufkommen-fluggesellschaft-drehkreuz-id233264561.html">"Größte Flughäfen in Deutschland: DAS sind die Airports mit den meisten Passagieren in der Bundesrepublik"</a>. <i>www.derwesten.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220727093256/https://www.derwesten.de/panorama/vermischtes/groesste-flughaefen-in-deutschland-passagiere-verkehrsflughafen-passagieraufkommen-fluggesellschaft-drehkreuz-id233264561.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.derwesten.de&rft.atitle=Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fte+Flugh%C3%A4fen+in+Deutschland%3A+DAS+sind+die+Airports+mit+den+meisten+Passagieren+in+der+Bundesrepublik&rft.date=2021-09-08&rft.aulast=derwesten.de&rft.aufirst=DerWesten-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.derwesten.de%2Fpanorama%2Fvermischtes%2Fgroesste-flughaefen-in-deutschland-passagiere-verkehrsflughafen-passagieraufkommen-fluggesellschaft-drehkreuz-id233264561.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113728/https://www.duesseldorf.de/stadtrecht/3/33/33_202.shtml">"Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf - Verordnung über die Beförderungsentgelte und Beförderungsbedingungen im Gelegenheitsverkehr mit den in der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf zugelassenen Taxen (Taxentarifordnung)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/stadtrecht/3/33/33_202.shtml">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Landeshauptstadt+D%C3%BCsseldorf+-+Verordnung+%C3%BCber+die+Bef%C3%B6rderungsentgelte+und+Bef%C3%B6rderungsbedingungen+im+Gelegenheitsverkehr+mit+den+in+der+Landeshauptstadt+D%C3%BCsseldorf+zugelassenen+Taxen+%28Taxentarifordnung%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Fstadtrecht%2F3%2F33%2F33_202.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span> Verordnung über die Beförderungsentgelte und Beförderungsbedingungen im Gelegenheitsverkehr mit den in der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf zugelassenen Taxen (Taxentarifordnung) (German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDüsseldorf" class="citation web cs1">Düsseldorf, Landeshauptstadt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/verkehrsmanagement/clever-unterwegs/carsharing.html">"CarSharing"</a>. <i>www.duesseldorf.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191028134206/https://www.duesseldorf.de/verkehrsmanagement/clever-unterwegs/carsharing.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.duesseldorf.de&rft.atitle=CarSharing&rft.aulast=D%C3%BCsseldorf&rft.aufirst=Landeshauptstadt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Fverkehrsmanagement%2Fclever-unterwegs%2Fcarsharing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnknown" class="citation web cs1">Unknown. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429113232/http://www.brauer-bund.de/bierfans/sorten/alt.htm">"Altbier"</a>. Brauer-bund.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brauer-bund.de/bierfans/sorten/alt.htm">the original</a> on 29 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Altbier&rft.pub=Brauer-bund.de&rft.au=Unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brauer-bund.de%2Fbierfans%2Fsorten%2Falt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beerhunter.com/documents/19133-000838.html">"Michael Jackson's Beer Hunter – Copper-bottom ales halt lager tide in Germany"</a>. Beerhunter.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141214102307/http://www.beerhunter.com/documents/19133-000838.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Jackson%27s+Beer+Hunter+%E2%80%93+Copper-bottom+ales+halt+lager+tide+in+Germany&rft.pub=Beerhunter.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beerhunter.com%2Fdocuments%2F19133-000838.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090313011829/http://www.germanbeerinstitute.com/altbier.html">"Altbier"</a>. Germanbeerinstitute.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.germanbeerinstitute.com/altbier.html">the original</a> on 13 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Altbier&rft.pub=Germanbeerinstitute.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.germanbeerinstitute.com%2Faltbier.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/dussbrew.htm#schumacher">"Düsseldorf Breweries"</a>. Europeanbeerguide.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929194654/http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/dussbrew.htm#schumacher">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%BCsseldorf+Breweries&rft.pub=Europeanbeerguide.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanbeerguide.net%2Fdussbrew.htm%23schumacher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prost! The Story of German Beer, Horst D. Dornbusch, Brewers Publications, 1997, pp 109–110; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-937381-55-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-937381-55-1">0-937381-55-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/dusspubs.htm">"Düsseldorf Pub Guide: the best beer bars, pubs and brewpubs"</a>. Europeanbeerguide.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141115125114/http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/dusspubs.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%BCsseldorf+Pub+Guide%3A+the+best+beer+bars%2C+pubs+and+brewpubs&rft.pub=Europeanbeerguide.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanbeerguide.net%2Fdusspubs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dornbusch-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dornbusch_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horst Dornbusch, <i>Altbier</i>, Boulder, CO: Brewers Publications.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fuchschen_Weihnachtsbier-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fuchschen_Weihnachtsbier_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080127112721/http://www.fuechschen.de/htmlGB/start-frames-61.html">"Fuchschen webpage on Weihnachtsbier"</a>. Archived from the original on 27 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fuchschen+webpage+on+Weihnachtsbier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fuechschen.de%2FhtmlGB%2Fstart-frames-61.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollow2015" class="citation web cs1">Hollow, Christopher (5 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/how-dusseldorf-became-the-birthplace-of-modern-electronica-20150602-13194w.html">"How Dusseldorf became the birthplace of modern electronica"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=How+Dusseldorf+became+the+birthplace+of+modern+electronica&rft.date=2015-06-05&rft.aulast=Hollow&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fhow-dusseldorf-became-the-birthplace-of-modern-electronica-20150602-13194w.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-graun_kraftwerk-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-graun_kraftwerk_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2003/jul/25/artsfeatures.popandrock">Desperately seeking Kraftwerk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200326150515/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2003/jul/25/artsfeatures.popandrock">Archived</a> 26 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; "Kraftwerk [was] so far ahead of [its] time that the rest of the world...spent 25 years inventing new musical genres in an attempt to catch up. Another famous Synth-pop band to come from the city was <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_(band)" title="Propaganda (band)">Propaganda</a>. House, techno, hip-hop, trip-hop, synth-pop, trance, electroclash: Kraftwerk's influence looms over all of them. It's difficult to imagine what rock and pop music would sound like today if Kraftwerk had never existed", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 24 July 2003; accessed 8 December 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Great_Rock_Discography-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Great_Rock_Discography_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrong2002" class="citation book cs1">Strong, Martin Charles (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DE9qW3YfHG4C"><i>The Great Rock Discography</i></a>. Canongate. p. 687. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84195-312-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84195-312-0"><bdi>978-1-84195-312-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Rock+Discography&rft.pages=687&rft.pub=Canongate&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-84195-312-0&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=Martin+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDE9qW3YfHG4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/neu!-mn0000387815/biography">"Neu! | Biography & History | AllMusic"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505163439/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/neu%21-mn0000387815/biography">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Neu%21+%7C+Biography+%26+History+%7C+AllMusic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fneu%21-mn0000387815%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Verkaufs- und Modewoche Düsseldorf</i> (source: <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44445899.html">2/1950</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224145426/https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44445899.html">Archived</a> 24 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406223337/http://www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de/en/fashion-shopping/fashion/fashion-schools/">"Fashion Schools"</a>. <i>www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de/en/fashion-shopping/fashion/">the original</a> on 6 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de&rft.atitle=Fashion+Schools&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf-tourismus.de%2Fen%2Ffashion-shopping%2Ffashion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christmasmarkets.com/individual-christmas-market/dusseldorf-christmas-market/">"Düsseldorf Christmas Market | Christmas Markets"</a>. <i>Christmas Markets</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161109224141/http://www.christmasmarkets.com/individual-christmas-market/dusseldorf-christmas-market/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christmas+Markets&rft.atitle=D%C3%BCsseldorf+Christmas+Market+%7C+Christmas+Markets&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christmasmarkets.com%2Findividual-christmas-market%2Fdusseldorf-christmas-market%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lambertus_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)#/media/Datei:Radschläger-Türklopfer_an_St._Lambertus_in_Düsseldorf.jpg" class="extiw" title="de:St. Lambertus (Düsseldorf)">picture</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://duesseldorf-altstadt.blogspot.com/2007/01/van-gogh-stilleben-mit-abb-senf.html">"Düsseldorf Altstadt: Van Gogh, Stilleben mit ABB-Senf"</a>. Duesseldorf-altstadt.blogspot.com. 25 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%BCsseldorf+Altstadt%3A+Van+Gogh%2C+Stilleben+mit+ABB-Senf&rft.pub=Duesseldorf-altstadt.blogspot.com&rft.date=2007-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fduesseldorf-altstadt.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F01%2Fvan-gogh-stilleben-mit-abb-senf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161109152903/https://www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de/en/duesseldorfs-culinary-side/">"Düsseldorf's culinary side – Metropolis Düsseldorf – Düsseldorf Tourism"</a>. <i>www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de/en/duesseldorfs-culinary-side/">the original</a> on 9 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de&rft.atitle=D%C3%BCsseldorf%27s+culinary+side+%E2%80%93+Metropolis+D%C3%BCsseldorf+%E2%80%93+D%C3%BCsseldorf+Tourism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf-tourismus.de%2Fen%2Fduesseldorfs-culinary-side%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161109152825/http://germanfood.about.com/od/German-Vegetables/g/Johannisbeeren-Red-Currant.htm">"Johannisbeeren and Schwarze Johannisbeeren – Redcurrant – Red and Black Currant"</a>. <i>About.com Food</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://germanfood.about.com/od/German-Vegetables/g/Johannisbeeren-Red-Currant.htm">the original</a> on 9 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=About.com+Food&rft.atitle=Johannisbeeren+and+Schwarze+Johannisbeeren+%E2%80%93+Redcurrant+%E2%80%93+Red+and+Black+Currant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgermanfood.about.com%2Fod%2FGerman-Vegetables%2Fg%2FJohannisbeeren-Red-Currant.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Bergmann" class="citation web cs1">Michael Bergmann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006135634/http://www.duesseldorf.de/kulturamt/auszeichnungen/literatur.shtml">"Förderpreis für Literatur der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf"</a>. Duesseldorf.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duesseldorf.de/kulturamt/auszeichnungen/literatur.shtml">the original</a> on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=F%C3%B6rderpreis+f%C3%BCr+Literatur+der+Landeshauptstadt+D%C3%BCsseldorf&rft.pub=Duesseldorf.de&rft.au=Michael+Bergmann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Fkulturamt%2Fauszeichnungen%2Fliteratur.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NDfs3Fhz0rwC&dq=F%C3%B6rderpreis+f%C3%BCr+Literatur+der+Landeshauptstadt+D%C3%BCsseldorf&pg=PA1427"><i>Förderpreis für Literatur der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423122457/https://books.google.com/books?id=NDfs3Fhz0rwC&dq=F%C3%B6rderpreis%20f%C3%BCr%20Literatur%20der%20Landeshauptstadt%20D%C3%BCsseldorf&pg=PA1427">Archived</a> 23 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCrschners_Deutscher_Literatur-Kalender" title="Kürschners Deutscher Literatur-Kalender">Kürschners Deutscher Literatur-Kalender</a> 2010/2011: Band I: A-O. Band II: P-Z.</i>], Walter De Gruyter Incorporated, 2010, p. 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenutzername_/_E-Mail-2011" class="citation web cs1">Benutzername / E-Mail- (7 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rp-online.de/region-duesseldorf/duesseldorf/nachrichten/kultur/duesseldorf-vergibt-kulturpreise-1.2630947">"Düsseldorf vergibt Kulturpreise"</a>. Rp-online.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185345/https://rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/duesseldorf/kultur/duesseldorf-vergibt-kulturpreise_aid-13114345">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%BCsseldorf+vergibt+Kulturpreise&rft.pub=Rp-online.de&rft.date=2011-12-07&rft.au=Benutzername+%2F+E-Mail-&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rp-online.de%2Fregion-duesseldorf%2Fduesseldorf%2Fnachrichten%2Fkultur%2Fduesseldorf-vergibt-kulturpreise-1.2630947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rivalry-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rivalry_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rivalry_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rivalry_86-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rivalry_86-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rivalry_86-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelocal.de/society/20110728-36597.html">"Giving beer a home in the Rhineland"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Local" title="The Local">The Local</a></i>. 28 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028121120/http://www.thelocal.de/society/20110728-36597.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=Giving+beer+a+home+in+the+Rhineland&rft.date=2011-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.de%2Fsociety%2F20110728-36597.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928193117/http://www.duesseldorf.de/kultur/filmmuseum/index.shtml">"Filmmuseum"</a>. Duesseldorf.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duesseldorf.de/kultur/filmmuseum/index.shtml">the original</a> on 28 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Filmmuseum&rft.pub=Duesseldorf.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Fkultur%2Ffilmmuseum%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iks-medienarchiv.de/">"iks-medienarchiv.de"</a>. iks-medienarchiv.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185302/http://www.iks-medienarchiv.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iks-medienarchiv.de&rft.pub=iks-medienarchiv.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iks-medienarchiv.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.julia-stoschek-collection.net/de/start.html">Julia Stoschek Collection</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100310221824/http://www.julia-stoschek-collection.net/de/start.html">Archived</a> 10 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaistrasse10.de/">"KAI 10 | Raum für Kunst"</a>. Kaistrasse10.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220090314/http://www.kaistrasse10.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KAI+10+%26%23124%3B+Raum+f%C3%BCr+Kunst&rft.pub=Kaistrasse10.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaistrasse10.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kultur-bahnhof-eller.de/">"Kulturbahnhof Eller"</a>. Kultur-bahnhof-eller.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217115719/http://kultur-bahnhof-eller.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kulturbahnhof+Eller&rft.pub=Kultur-bahnhof-eller.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kultur-bahnhof-eller.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130918141745/http://kunst-im-tunnel.de/e/index.html">"KIT"</a>. Kunst-im-tunnel.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunst-im-tunnel.de/e/index.html">the original</a> on 18 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KIT&rft.pub=Kunst-im-tunnel.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunst-im-tunnel.de%2Fe%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120625041739/http://onomato-verein.de/veranstaltungen/index.html">"onomato künstlerverein"</a>. Onomato-verein.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onomato-verein.de/veranstaltungen/index.html">the original</a> on 25 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=onomato+k%C3%BCnstlerverein&rft.pub=Onomato-verein.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonomato-verein.de%2Fveranstaltungen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polnisches-institut.de/">"Polnisches Institut Düsseldorf"</a>. Polnisches-institut.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185311/https://instytutpolski.pl/duesseldorf/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polnisches+Institut+D%C3%BCsseldorf&rft.pub=Polnisches-institut.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polnisches-institut.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zakk.de/">"zakk"</a>. Zakk.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216165925/http://www.zakk.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=zakk&rft.pub=Zakk.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zakk.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rp-online.de/sport/tennis/atp-fuehrt-world-team-cup-wieder-ein_aid-23757427">"Tennis: ATP führt World Team Cup wieder ein"</a>. <i>RP ONLINE</i> (in German). July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128143538/https://rp-online.de/sport/tennis/atp-fuehrt-world-team-cup-wieder-ein_aid-23757427">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RP+ONLINE&rft.atitle=Tennis%3A+ATP+f%C3%BChrt+World+Team+Cup+wieder+ein&rft.date=2018-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp-online.de%2Fsport%2Ftennis%2Fatp-fuehrt-world-team-cup-wieder-ein_aid-23757427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171005114206/http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2016/us/grand-depart-2017.html">"Site officiel du Tour de France 2018"</a>. <i>www.letour.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2016/us/grand-depart-2017.html">the original</a> on 5 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.letour.com&rft.atitle=Site+officiel+du+Tour+de+France+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.letour.com%2Fle-tour%2F2016%2Fus%2Fgrand-depart-2017.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rugbyweb.de/index.php?league=BL2W">"RugbyWeb Spielpläne – BL2W"</a>. <i>RugbyWeb.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180126185314/http://rugbyweb.de/index.php?league=BL2W">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RugbyWeb.de&rft.atitle=RugbyWeb+Spielpl%C3%A4ne+%E2%80%93+BL2W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frugbyweb.de%2Findex.php%3Fleague%3DBL2W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackcaps.de/">"Official Homepage"</a>. Düsseldorf Blackcaps. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216220146/http://blackcaps.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Homepage&rft.pub=D%C3%BCsseldorf+Blackcaps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackcaps.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/">"Official Homepage"</a>. Kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001026210713/http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Homepage&rft.pub=Kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fh-duesseldorf.de/english/index.html">"Fachhochschule Düsseldorf – Home"</a>. Fh-duesseldorf.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040416204903/http://www.fh-duesseldorf.de/english/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fachhochschule+D%C3%BCsseldorf+%E2%80%93+Home&rft.pub=Fh-duesseldorf.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fh-duesseldorf.de%2Fenglish%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amdnet.de/">"AMD Akademie Mode und Design"</a>. Amdnet.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991127200918/http://www.amdnet.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AMD+Akademie+Mode+und+Design&rft.pub=Amdnet.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amdnet.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721161350/http://www.mpie.de/">"Official homepage of the institute"</a>. Mpie.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpie.de">the original</a> on 21 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+homepage+of+the+institute&rft.pub=Mpie.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpie.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goethe.de/ins/de/ort/due/deindex.htm">"Deutsch lernen in Deutschland – Deutschkurse und Deutschprüfungen in Deutschland – Kursorte – Düsseldorf – Goethe-Institut"</a>. Goethe.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060421160047/http://www.goethe.de/ins/de/ort/due/deindex.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deutsch+lernen+in+Deutschland+%E2%80%93+Deutschkurse+und+Deutschpr%C3%BCfungen+in+Deutschland+%E2%80%93+Kursorte+%E2%80%93+D%C3%BCsseldorf+%E2%80%93+Goethe-Institut&rft.pub=Goethe.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goethe.de%2Fins%2Fde%2Fort%2Fdue%2Fdeindex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120217025745/http://www.duesselgruft.de/Duesseldorf/Gerresheim/P1070_1.jpg">"Gerresheim Basilica"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duesselgruft.de/Duesseldorf/Gerresheim/P1070_1.jpg">the original</a> on 17 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gerresheim+Basilica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesselgruft.de%2FDuesseldorf%2FGerresheim%2FP1070_1.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120618105051/http://www.duesseldorf.de/denkmalschutz/grafik/m32.jpg">"St Suitbertus Basilica"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duesseldorf.de/denkmalschutz/grafik/m32.jpg">the original</a> on 18 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St+Suitbertus+Basilica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Fdenkmalschutz%2Fgrafik%2Fm32.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/internationales/partnerschaften.html">"Weltweite Kontakte: Türöffner für Bürger, Wirtschaft und Kultur"</a>. <i>duesseldorf.de</i> (in German). Düsseldorf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144546/https://www.duesseldorf.de/internationales/partnerschaften.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=duesseldorf.de&rft.atitle=Weltweite+Kontakte%3A+T%C3%BCr%C3%B6ffner+f%C3%BCr+B%C3%BCrger%2C+Wirtschaft+und+Kultur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Finternationales%2Fpartnerschaften.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/internationales/partnerschaften/moskau.html">"Moskau"</a>. <i>duesseldorf.de</i> (in German). Düsseldorf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190314092914/https://www.duesseldorf.de/internationales/partnerschaften/moskau.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=duesseldorf.de&rft.atitle=Moskau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Finternationales%2Fpartnerschaften%2Fmoskau.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/internationales/partnerschaften/moskau/aktuelles/aktuelles-detailseite/newsdetail/konsequenzen-fuer-die-staedtepartnerschaft-mit-moskau.html">"Konsequenzen für die Städtepartnerschaft mit Moskau"</a>. <i>duesseldorf.de</i> (in German). Düsseldorf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220328213925/https://www.duesseldorf.de/internationales/partnerschaften/moskau/aktuelles/aktuelles-detailseite/newsdetail/konsequenzen-fuer-die-staedtepartnerschaft-mit-moskau.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=duesseldorf.de&rft.atitle=Konsequenzen+f%C3%BCr+die+St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaft+mit+Moskau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Finternationales%2Fpartnerschaften%2Fmoskau%2Faktuelles%2Faktuelles-detailseite%2Fnewsdetail%2Fkonsequenzen-fuer-die-staedtepartnerschaft-mit-moskau.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/internationales/freundschaften-kooperationen.html">"Städtefreundschaften & Kooperationen"</a>. <i>duesseldorf.de</i> (in German). Düsseldorf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501065655/https://www.duesseldorf.de/internationales/freundschaften-kooperationen.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=duesseldorf.de&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4dtefreundschaften+%26+Kooperationen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duesseldorf.de%2Finternationales%2Ffreundschaften-kooperationen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Betty-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Betty_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jannaludlow.co.uk/Entertainment/WKB.html">"Wilson, Keppel and Betty — Curios"</a>. <i>That's Entertainment</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180521021358/http://www.jannaludlow.co.uk/Entertainment/WKB.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=That%27s+Entertainment&rft.atitle=Wilson%2C+Keppel+and+Betty+%E2%80%94+Curios&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jannaludlow.co.uk%2FEntertainment%2FWKB.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Düsseldorf">Bibliography of the history of Düsseldorf</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" class="extiw" title="commons:Düsseldorf"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Düsseldorf</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf#Q1718" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Düsseldorf"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/D%C3%BCsseldorf">"Düsseldorf" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=D%C3%BCsseldorf&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113032744/http://www.german-embassy.org.uk/Carnival_dusseldorf.html">Wikidus.de</a> The Wiki for Düsseldorf</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duesseldorf.de/">Düsseldorf</a> Official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitduesseldorf.de/en">visitduesseldorf.de</a> Official Düsseldorf Tourist Board</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panorama-cities.net/duesseldorf/duesseldorf_germany.html">Düsseldorf City Panoramas</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113032744/http://www.german-embassy.org.uk/Carnival_dusseldorf.html">"Burrying [sic] the Hoppeditz: Carnival in Düsseldorf"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.german-embassy.org.uk/Carnival_dusseldorf.html">the original</a> on 13 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Burrying+%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+the+Hoppeditz%3A+Carnival+in+D%C3%BCsseldorf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.german-embassy.org.uk%2FCarnival_dusseldorf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%C3%BCsseldorf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/show/?q=Dusseldorf+ww2&w=26359504%40N08">The Lost City WW2 Bomb Damage 1942/3</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Düsseldorf30" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Düsseldorf</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Düsseldorf</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Düsseldorf98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Düsseldorf98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Düsseldorf</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany328" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_the_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Template:Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_the_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_the_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany328" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">states of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals of area states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Düsseldorf</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-states</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">City of Bremen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">State of Bremen</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals of former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/South_Baden" title="South Baden">South Baden</a>, 1949–1952)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Baden" title="Württemberg-Baden">Württemberg-Baden</a>, 1949–1952)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a>, 1949–1952)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Unlike the mono-city states Berlin and Hamburg, the State of Bremen consists of two cities, thus state and capital are not identical.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sokhumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokhumi">Sokhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas,_Russia" title="Magas, Russia">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions79" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions53" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Germany_by_population366" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Germany_by_population366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities in Germany by population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle (Saale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_(city)" title="Oldenburg (city)">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzgitter" title="Salzgitter">Salzgitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Germany" title="List of municipalities in Germany">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany" title="Metropolitan regions in Germany">Metropolitan regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px_Geographic_locale147" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="25px_Geographic_locale147" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/25px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/38px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/50px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span>Geographic locale</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <b><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Lat. <small>and</small> Long.</a> <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=D%C3%BCsseldorf&params=51_14_N_6_47_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°14′N</span> <span class="longitude">6°47′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.233°N 6.783°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.233; 6.783</span></span></span></a></span></span></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany1178" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template talk:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany1178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Urban and rural districts in the state of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> in Germany</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Köln (<i>Cologne</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/135px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/180px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rural districts of Germany">Rural districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen_(district)" title="Aachen (district)">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borken_(district)" title="Borken (district)">Borken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coesfeld_(district)" title="Coesfeld (district)">Coesfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCren_(district)" title="Düren (district)">Düren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis" title="Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis">Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euskirchen_(district)" title="Euskirchen (district)">Euskirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh_(district)" title="Gütersloh (district)">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinsberg_(district)" title="Heinsberg (district)">Heinsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford_(district)" title="Herford (district)">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochsauerlandkreis" title="Hochsauerlandkreis">Hochsauerlandkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6xter_(district)" title="Höxter (district)">Höxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleve_(district)" title="Kleve (district)">Kleve (<i>Cleves</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippe_(district)" title="Lippe (district)">Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis" title="Märkischer Kreis">Märkischer Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mettmann_(district)" title="Mettmann (district)">Mettmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke" title="Minden-Lübbecke">Minden-Lübbecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberbergischer_Kreis" title="Oberbergischer Kreis">Oberbergischer Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olpe_(district)" title="Olpe (district)">Olpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn_(district)" title="Paderborn (district)">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen_(district)" title="Recklinghausen (district)">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinisch-Bergischer_Kreis" title="Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis">Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Erft-Kreis" title="Rhein-Erft-Kreis">Rhein-Erft-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Kreis_Neuss" title="Rhein-Kreis Neuss">Rhein-Kreis Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Sieg-Kreis" title="Rhein-Sieg-Kreis">Rhein-Sieg-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen-Wittgenstein" title="Siegen-Wittgenstein">Siegen-Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soest_(district)" title="Soest (district)">Soest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinfurt_(district)" title="Steinfurt (district)">Steinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unna_(district)" title="Unna (district)">Unna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viersen_(district)" title="Viersen (district)">Viersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warendorf_(district)" title="Warendorf (district)">Warendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesel_(district)" title="Wesel (district)">Wesel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Metropolitan_Area" title="Seoul Metropolitan Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1718#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1800" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1718#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1800" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1718#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121569587">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130105886">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1208622/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4013255-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80057014">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863436r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863436r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00713335">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Düsseldorf (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134144&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX457865">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007548056405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/03e75281-c3a3-454a-8d78-c85a5415c49e">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026374633">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044968">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/21px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/42px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Rhine-Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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