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<li id="toc-Prehistory_and_ancient_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory_and_ancient_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistory and ancient history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory_and_ancient_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Medieval history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Early modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Later modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Differing_natural_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differing_natural_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Differing natural regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differing_natural_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principal_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Principal towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principal_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Departmental_Council_of_Ardèche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Departmental_Council_of_Ardèche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Departmental Council of Ardèche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Departmental_Council_of_Ardèche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>National Assembly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ardèche</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_Ard%C3%A8che" title="Département Ardèche – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Département Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4_(%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A)" title="الأرديش (إقليم فرنسي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأرديش (إقليم فرنسي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardescha" title="Ardescha – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ardescha" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che_(d%C3%A8partament)" title="Ardèche (dèpartament) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ardèche (dèpartament)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arde%C5%9F_(departament)" title="Ardeş (departament) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ardeş (departament)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%88" title="Ардэш – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ардэш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%88" title="Ардэш – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ардэш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ардеш (департамент) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ардеш (департамент)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardecha_(departamant)" title="Ardecha (departamant) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ardecha (departamant)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardecha" title="Ardecha – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ardecha" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Ардеш – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ардеш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_Ard%C3%A8che" title="Département Ardèche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Département Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che%27i_departemang" title="Ardèche'i departemang – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ardèche'i departemang" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%82_(%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82)" title="Αρντές (νομός) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρντές (νομός)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4" title="آردش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آردش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Ardèche (département) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ardèche (département)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che-s%C3%A9n" title="Ardèche-sén – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ardèche-sén" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EB%8D%B0%EC%8A%88" title="아르데슈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아르데슈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B7_(%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BC)" title="Արդեշ (գավառ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արդեշ (գավառ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departimento_Ardeche" title="Departimento Ardeche – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Departimento Ardeche" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_Ard%C3%A8che" title="Département Ardèche – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Département Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ардеш (департамент) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ардеш (департамент)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A9_(%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96)" title="ארדש (מחוז) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארדש (מחוז)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="არდეშის დეპარტამენტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არდეშის დეპარტამენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Ардеш – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ардеш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che_(kizunga)" title="Ardèche (kizunga) – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Ardèche (kizunga)" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardesca_(praefectura_Franciae)" title="Ardesca (praefectura Franciae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ardesca (praefectura Franciae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C4%93%C5%A1a" title="Ardēša – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ardēša" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departement_Ard%C3%A8che" title="Departement Ardèche – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Departement Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arde%C5%A1as" title="Ardešas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ardešas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che_(dipartiment)" title="Ardèche (dipartiment) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ardèche (dipartiment)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che_(megye)" title="Ardèche (megye) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ardèche (megye)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Ардеш – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ардеш" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="आर्देश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आर्देश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che_(departement)" title="Ardèche (departement) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ardèche (departement)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E7%9C%8C" title="アルデシュ県 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルデシュ県" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="АгӀдеш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="АгӀдеш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che_(Department)" title="Ardèche (Department) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ardèche (Department)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departament_d%27Ardecha" title="Departament d'Ardecha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Departament d'Ardecha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardeche" title="Ardeche – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ardeche" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="ضلع ارڈیش – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ضلع ارڈیش" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipartiment_%C3%ABd_l%27Ard%C3%A8che" title="Dipartiment ëd l'Ardèche – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Dipartiment ëd l'Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ардеш (департамент) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ардеш (департамент)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che_(departement)" title="Ardèche (departement) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ardèche (departement)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che_(departma)" title="Ardèche (departma) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ardèche (departma)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Ардеш – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ардеш" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%8A" title="จังหวัดอาร์แด็ช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จังหวัดอาร์แด็ช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Департаменти Ардеш – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Департаменти Ардеш" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Ардеш – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ардеш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="آردیش – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آردیش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ardèche" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E4%BB%80%E7%9C%81" title="阿尔代什省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿尔代什省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%BB%80" title="阿爾代什 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿爾代什" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arde%C5%9F" title="Ardeş – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ardeş" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E4%BB%80%E7%9C%81" title="阿尔代什省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔代什省" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ard%C3%A8che&params=44_40_N_4_25_E_region:FR_type:adm2nd"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">4°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.667°N 4.417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.667; 4.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Distinguish from <a href="/wiki/Ardfheis" title="Ardfheis">Ardfheis</a> (Irish for "high assembly"). See <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che_(river)" title="Ardèche (river)">Ardèche (river)</a> for the river.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Ardèche</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="fr"><span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">Ardecha</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:270px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vallon_Pont_d%27Arc_banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vallon_Pont_d%27Arc_banner.jpg/270px-Vallon_Pont_d%27Arc_banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vallon_Pont_d%27Arc_banner.jpg/405px-Vallon_Pont_d%27Arc_banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vallon_Pont_d%27Arc_banner.jpg/540px-Vallon_Pont_d%27Arc_banner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pont_d%27Arc_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pont_d%27Arc_HDR.jpg/270px-Pont_d%27Arc_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pont_d%27Arc_HDR.jpg/405px-Pont_d%27Arc_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pont_d%27Arc_HDR.jpg/540px-Pont_d%27Arc_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3375" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_pont_Valgelas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Le_pont_Valgelas.JPG/270px-Le_pont_Valgelas.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Le_pont_Valgelas.JPG/405px-Le_pont_Valgelas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Le_pont_Valgelas.JPG/540px-Le_pont_Valgelas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="1856" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top down: <a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pont_d%27Arc" title="Pont d'Arc">Pont d'Arc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annonay" title="Annonay">Annonay</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Department_of_Ard%C3%A8che.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Ardèche"><img alt="Flag of Ardèche" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_the_Department_of_Ard%C3%A8che.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Department_of_Ard%C3%A8che.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_the_Department_of_Ard%C3%A8che.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Department_of_Ard%C3%A8che.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_the_Department_of_Ard%C3%A8che.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Department_of_Ard%C3%A8che.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Ard%C3%A8che.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Ardèche"><img alt="Coat of arms of Ardèche" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Ard%C3%A8che.svg/91px-Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Ard%C3%A8che.svg.png" decoding="async" width="91" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Ard%C3%A8che.svg/136px-Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Ard%C3%A8che.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Ard%C3%A8che.svg/182px-Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Ard%C3%A8che.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ard%C3%A8che-Position.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Ardèche in France"><img alt="Location of Ardèche in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ard%C3%A8che-Position.svg/250px-Ard%C3%A8che-Position.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ard%C3%A8che-Position.svg/375px-Ard%C3%A8che-Position.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ard%C3%A8che-Position.svg/500px-Ard%C3%A8che-Position.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="553" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Ardèche in France</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ard%C3%A8che&params=44_40_N_4_25_E_region:FR_type:adm2nd"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">4°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.667°N 4.417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.667; 4.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">Subprefectures</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b><a href="/wiki/Largenti%C3%A8re" title="Largentière">Largentière</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tournon-sur-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Tournon-sur-Rhône">Tournon-sur-Rhône</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_departmental_councils_(France)" title="List of presidents of departmental councils (France)">President of the Departmental Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Olivier Amrane<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_area"><a href="#endnote_area">1</a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,529 km<sup>2</sup> (2,135 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">331,415</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_departments_by_population" title="List of French departments by population">73rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">60/km<sup>2</sup> (160/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">07</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Annonay" title="Annonay">Annonay</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissements</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_the_Ard%C3%A8che_department" title="Arrondissements of the Ardèche department">3</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantons in France">Cantons</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_Ard%C3%A8che_department" title="Cantons of the Ardèche department">17</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Communes in France">Communes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Ard%C3%A8che_department" title="Communes of the Ardèche department">335</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_area"><b><a href="#ref_area">^1</a></b></span> French Land Register data, which exclude <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuaries</a>, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ardèche</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[aʁdɛʃ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fa\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Ard%C3%A8che.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Ard%C3%A8che.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Ard\u00e8che.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Ard%C3%A8che.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Ard%C3%A8che.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-GrandCelinien-Ard%C3%A8che.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Ardèche.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Ardecha</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="oc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[aɾˈdet͡ʃɔ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arpitan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpitan language">Arpitan</a>: <i lang="frp">Ardecha</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> in <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a>, Southeastern France. It is named after the river <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che_(river)" title="Ardèche (river)">Ardèche</a> and had a population of 328,278 as of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-pop2019_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of France">prefecture</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a>, but its largest city is <a href="/wiki/Annonay" title="Annonay">Annonay</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory_and_ancient_history">Prehistory and ancient history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistory and ancient history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aven_Orgnac_salle_sup.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aven_Orgnac_salle_sup.jpeg/220px-Aven_Orgnac_salle_sup.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aven_Orgnac_salle_sup.jpeg/330px-Aven_Orgnac_salle_sup.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aven_Orgnac_salle_sup.jpeg/440px-Aven_Orgnac_salle_sup.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Aven_d%27Orgnac" title="Aven d'Orgnac">Aven d'Orgnac</a> is one of Ardèche's many protected caves.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balazuc_-_Ard%C3%A8che_%C2%A9_by_Besenbinder_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Balazuc_-_Ard%C3%A8che_%C2%A9_by_Besenbinder_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Balazuc_-_Ard%C3%A8che_%C2%A9_by_Besenbinder_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Balazuc_-_Ard%C3%A8che_%C2%A9_by_Besenbinder_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Balazuc_-_Ard%C3%A8che_%C2%A9_by_Besenbinder_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Balazuc_-_Ard%C3%A8che_%C2%A9_by_Besenbinder_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Balazuc_-_Ard%C3%A8che_%C2%A9_by_Besenbinder_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Balazuc" title="Balazuc">Balazuc</a> (Latin: <i>Baladunum</i>) was founded circa 3000 BCE</figcaption></figure> <p>Humans have inhabited the area at least since the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a>, as attested by the famous cave paintings at <a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Pont d'Arc</a>. The Ardèche river plateau has extensive standing stones (mainly <a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">dolmens</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">menhirs</a>), erected thousands of years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The river has one of Europe's largest canyons, and the caves that dot the cliffs—which go as high as 300 metres (1,000 feet)—are known for signs of prehistoric inhabitants (arrowheads and flint knives are often found). </p><p>The Vivarais, as the Ardèche is still called, takes its name and coat of arms from <a href="/wiki/Viviers,_Ard%C3%A8che" title="Viviers, Ardèche">Viviers</a>, which was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaulish</a> tribe of <a href="/wiki/Helvii" title="Helvii">Helvii</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Archeological_site_of_Alba-la-Romaine" title="Archeological site of Alba-la-Romaine">destruction of their previous capital</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alba-la-Romaine" title="Alba-la-Romaine">Alba-la-Romaine</a>. Saint Andéol, a disciple of <a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a>, is supposed to have evangelized the Vivarais during the reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a>, and was supposedly <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyred</a> in 208. Legend tells of Andéol's burial by Amycia Eucheria Tullia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 430, Auxonius transferred the see to Viviers as a result of the problems suffered at its previous site in Alba Augusta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_history">Medieval history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medieval history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vivarais area suffered greatly in the 9th century with raids by <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian people">Hungarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saracen" title="Saracen">Saracen</a> slavers operating from the coast of <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a> resulting in an overall depopulation of the region. </p><p>In the early 10th century, economic recovery saw the building of many <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> churches in the region, including Ailhon, Mercuer, Saint Julien du Serre, Balazuc, Niègles, and Rochecolombe. The medieval county of Viviers or Vivarais at this time was administratively a part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy-Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles">Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles</a>, formed in 933 by <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_II_of_Burgundy" title="Rudolph II of Burgundy">Rudolph II of Burgundy</a>'s fusion of <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundy</a> and bequeathed by its last monarch <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_III_of_Burgundy" title="Rudolph III of Burgundy">Rudolph III of Burgundy</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a> in 1032. Locally throughout this period, the Church played an important role. John II (Giovanni of Siena), Cardinal and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Viviers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Viviers">Bishop of Viviers</a> (1073–1095), accompanied Pope <a href="/wiki/Urban_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban II">Urban II</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Clermont" title="Council of Clermont">Council of Clermont</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:France_Rhone-Alpes_Ardeche_Aubenas_Chateau_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/France_Rhone-Alpes_Ardeche_Aubenas_Chateau_01.jpg/220px-France_Rhone-Alpes_Ardeche_Aubenas_Chateau_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/France_Rhone-Alpes_Ardeche_Aubenas_Chateau_01.jpg/330px-France_Rhone-Alpes_Ardeche_Aubenas_Chateau_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/France_Rhone-Alpes_Ardeche_Aubenas_Chateau_01.jpg/440px-France_Rhone-Alpes_Ardeche_Aubenas_Chateau_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The construction of the Château d'Aubenas began in the 12th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>It was later held in fief by the <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Toulouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts of Toulouse">Counts of Toulouse</a>, who lost it to the French crown in 1229. In 1284, with the Cistercian Abbey of Marzan, Philip IV established Villeneuve de Berg, and by the treaty of 10 July 1305 <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a> obliged the bishops of Vivarais to admit the sovereignty of the kings of France over all their temporal domain. The realm was largely ignored by the Emperors and was finally granted to France as part of the domain of the <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a>, the future <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a> of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">Valois</a> in 1308. During this period, the Maillard family, as Counts of Tournon, were influential in the Ardèche. During the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Hundred Years War">Hundred Years War</a>, the area maintained its loyalty to the French crown despite frequent attacks from the west. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_history">Early modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of the reformation of <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, the Vivarais Ardèche was one of the areas that strongly embraced Protestantism partly as a result of Jacques Valery's missionary activity in 1534. During the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">Wars of Religion</a> (1562–1598), the Ardèche was considered a strategically important location between Protestant Geneva, Lyon, and Catholic Languedoc. The region had prospered with the introduction of tobacco growing from America, and the agrarian experiments of <a href="/wiki/Olivier_de_Serres" title="Olivier de Serres">Olivier de Serres</a>, father of modern French agriculture. The influence of Protestant Lyon, and the growth of the silk industry, thanks to the planting of <a href="/wiki/Mulberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry">mulberry</a> trees, gave the <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">burghers</a> of the Vivarais towns a certain independence of thinking, and with the support of powerful Protestant <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenots</a> (the Comte de Crussol and <a href="/wiki/Olivier_de_Serres" title="Olivier de Serres">Olivier de Serres</a>), the Vivarais became a Protestant stronghold. As a result, it suffered many attacks and eight pitched battles between 1562 and 1595. In 1598, the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a> put an end to these struggles. At that time, the Vivarais had over 75 Protestant churches and five fortified strongholds with permanent garrisons. But the area's problems were not over. In 1629, Paule de Chambaud, daughter of the Huguenot lord of Privas, chose instead to marry a Catholic, the Vicomte de l'Estrange, who supported <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a>'s persecution of Protestants. With a majority of the population Protestant, Privas refused to submit, and as a centre of the revolt of the <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_de_Rohan,_duc_de_Soubise" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin de Rohan, duc de Soubise">Benjamin de Rohan, duc de Soubise</a>, was burned to the ground by the forces of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a>, sent to support the Vicomte de l'Estrange. As a result, one-fifth of the Vivarais Protestant population emigrated. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol_-_D%C3%A9tail_de_la_Villette_int%C3%A9rieure_-_Le_donjon_en_haut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol_-_D%C3%A9tail_de_la_Villette_int%C3%A9rieure_-_Le_donjon_en_haut.jpg/220px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol_-_D%C3%A9tail_de_la_Villette_int%C3%A9rieure_-_Le_donjon_en_haut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol_-_D%C3%A9tail_de_la_Villette_int%C3%A9rieure_-_Le_donjon_en_haut.jpg/330px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol_-_D%C3%A9tail_de_la_Villette_int%C3%A9rieure_-_Le_donjon_en_haut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol_-_D%C3%A9tail_de_la_Villette_int%C3%A9rieure_-_Le_donjon_en_haut.jpg/440px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol_-_D%C3%A9tail_de_la_Villette_int%C3%A9rieure_-_Le_donjon_en_haut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6636" data-file-height="2332" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol" title="Château de Crussol">Château de Crussol</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Revocation_of_the_Edict_of_Nantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Revocation of the Edict of Nantes">Revocation of the Edict of Nantes</a> in 1685, which outlawed Protestantism, led the peasant family of <a href="/wiki/Marie_Durand" title="Marie Durand">Marie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Durand,_Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Durand, Huguenot">Pierre Durand</a> to revolt against royal authority. This led to the <a href="/wiki/Camisard" class="mw-redirect" title="Camisard">Camisard</a> revolt of the Ardèche prophets. Louis XIV responded by dispatching <a href="/wiki/Dragoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragoons">Dragoons</a>, who brutalised the population by "<a href="/wiki/Dragonnade" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragonnade">dragonnades</a>", destroying a number of communities. The brutality of those years was enormous and peace was restored only in 1715. As a result of brutality on both sides, another 50,000 Archèche Protestants fled France, many for Switzerland, whilst others were forced into abjuration (conversion). </p><p>In the next century, despite the growth of the community of Annonay, increasing polarisation between the upper nobility families such as Rohan Soubise, and Vogue, Count of Aubenas, possessing huge financial fortunes, and the lesser nobility, the village clergy and the bourgeoisie of the Vivarais paralleled developments elsewhere in France. Despite this, the sons of a local Annonay paper-maker, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Montgolfier" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Montgolfier">Joseph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Etienne_Montgolfier" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Etienne Montgolfier">Jacques Etienne Montgolfier</a>, ascended in the first <a href="/wiki/Hot_air_balloon" title="Hot air balloon">hot air balloon</a> over the town on 4 June 1783. The firm of Canson Mongolfier continues making paper to this day and every year on the first weekend in June a large hot air balloon gathering celebrates the first journey. At the 200th anniversary in 1983, some 50 hot air balloons took part with the first historic flight reenacted with people dressed in period costume. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_modern_history">Later modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the beginning of the French Revolution, the 1789 Declaration of Human Rights at last recognised Ardèche Protestants as citizens in their own right, free at last to practise their faith. Catholicism nonetheless continued to expand, and by the early 19th century the Ardèche included only 34,000 Protestants out of a population of 290,000. Named after the river of the same name, the Ardèche was one of the original 83 departments created during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> on 4 March 1790. The support of Count <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Antoine_de_Boissy_d%27Anglas" title="François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas">François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas</a> representing the Third Estate of the Vivarais in the States General, the freeing of the serfs, and the support of the lesser clergy of the church ensured that the Ardèchois supported the early revolution, but they withdrew support when things became more radical. During the <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a>, in 1794, the <a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine">guillotine</a> at Privas was kept busy with the execution of the former moderate supporters of the revolution. Under the <a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directory</a>, bands of <a href="/wiki/Chouans" class="mw-redirect" title="Chouans">Chouans</a> took to the Cevennes to escape and support former <a href="/wiki/%C3%89migr%C3%A9" title="Émigré">émigrés</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annonay_Eglise_de_Trachin_et_nouvelle_%C3%A9glise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Annonay_Eglise_de_Trachin_et_nouvelle_%C3%A9glise.jpg/220px-Annonay_Eglise_de_Trachin_et_nouvelle_%C3%A9glise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Annonay_Eglise_de_Trachin_et_nouvelle_%C3%A9glise.jpg/330px-Annonay_Eglise_de_Trachin_et_nouvelle_%C3%A9glise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Annonay_Eglise_de_Trachin_et_nouvelle_%C3%A9glise.jpg/440px-Annonay_Eglise_de_Trachin_et_nouvelle_%C3%A9glise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Annonay in the early 20th century</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Napoleonic period, the Ardèche entered a period of increasingly prosperous inconspicuousness. After a period of eclipse, Viviers was reestablished in 1822 as the site of the see of the bishops of Ardèche, where it remains to this day. During the 19th century, modest economic growth took place. The population grew from 273,000 in 1793 to 388,500 in 1861. The silkworm industry boomed until 1855, when disease affected the worms and competition with China undermined the industry's profitability. Mining at Privas saw the exploitation of local iron ore, which was quickly depleted. As a result, six <a href="/wiki/Blast_furnaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Blast furnaces">blast furnaces</a> were established, but they were only moderately profitable, the last closing at Pouzain in 1929. </p><p>The scientific pioneer <a href="/wiki/Marc_Seguin" title="Marc Seguin">Marc Seguin</a>, whose inventions played a key role in the development of early locomotives, was born in the department. But Seguin located <a href="/wiki/Seguin_%26_Co." title="Seguin & Co.">his business</a> upstream, near <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, and industrial development in the Ardèche remained relatively small-scale. No large towns appeared in the department during the years of France's industrialisation, and its official population total of 388,500, reached in 1861, turned out to be a peak that has not since been matched. Since the 1860s, the Ardèche economy has been split between the prosperous Rhône valley and the relatively poor and mountainous Haut Vivarais on the department's western side. Sheep farming did not lead to the prosperity hoped for and wine growing, badly hit by the <a href="/wiki/Phylloxera" title="Phylloxera">phylloxera</a> crisis during the last decades of the 19th century, has had to compete with other more established areas of France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_cirque_de_la_Madeleine_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Le_cirque_de_la_Madeleine_2011.jpg/220px-Le_cirque_de_la_Madeleine_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Le_cirque_de_la_Madeleine_2011.jpg/330px-Le_cirque_de_la_Madeleine_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Le_cirque_de_la_Madeleine_2011.jpg/440px-Le_cirque_de_la_Madeleine_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Cirque de la Madeleine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sculpture_naturelle_dans_la_vall%C3%A9e_de_la_Cance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sculpture_naturelle_dans_la_vall%C3%A9e_de_la_Cance.jpg/220px-Sculpture_naturelle_dans_la_vall%C3%A9e_de_la_Cance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sculpture_naturelle_dans_la_vall%C3%A9e_de_la_Cance.jpg/330px-Sculpture_naturelle_dans_la_vall%C3%A9e_de_la_Cance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sculpture_naturelle_dans_la_vall%C3%A9e_de_la_Cance.jpg/440px-Sculpture_naturelle_dans_la_vall%C3%A9e_de_la_Cance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Cance Valley</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorges_du_Chassezac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gorges_du_Chassezac.jpg/220px-Gorges_du_Chassezac.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gorges_du_Chassezac.jpg/330px-Gorges_du_Chassezac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gorges_du_Chassezac.jpg/440px-Gorges_du_Chassezac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>Gorges du Chassezac</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gours_des_grottes_de_Saint_Marcel_d%27Ard%C3%A8che,_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gours_des_grottes_de_Saint_Marcel_d%27Ard%C3%A8che%2C_France.jpg/220px-Gours_des_grottes_de_Saint_Marcel_d%27Ard%C3%A8che%2C_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gours_des_grottes_de_Saint_Marcel_d%27Ard%C3%A8che%2C_France.jpg/330px-Gours_des_grottes_de_Saint_Marcel_d%27Ard%C3%A8che%2C_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gours_des_grottes_de_Saint_Marcel_d%27Ard%C3%A8che%2C_France.jpg/440px-Gours_des_grottes_de_Saint_Marcel_d%27Ard%C3%A8che%2C_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4129" data-file-height="2742" /></a><figcaption>Cave near <a href="/wiki/Bidon,_Ard%C3%A8che" title="Bidon, Ardèche">Bidon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The department, corresponding to the ancient province of <a href="/wiki/Vivarais" title="Vivarais">Vivarais</a>, is part of the current <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a> and is surrounded by the departments of <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>. It is a land of great contrasts: at the lowest it is at a mere 40 metres of elevation above sea level at the point at which the Ardèche river flows into the Rhône (in the southeast of the department) up to 1,754 metres at Mont Mézenc (centre-west), it is bordered to the east by the length of the Rhône valley for 140 km and to the west by the high plateaus of the <a href="/wiki/Massif_Central" title="Massif Central">Massif Central</a>. </p><p>At its widest, the department does not exceed 75 km. It covers an area of 5,550 square kilometres, a size that hides its great diversity in terms of relief, the absence of access to rapid transport (unique in France), and the difficulties in transport from one part of the Ardeche to another, especially in winter. Privas shares this inaccessibility, being by road 589 km from Paris, 574 km from Strasbourg, 215 km from Marseille, 211 km from Annecy, 162 km from Chambéry, 147 km from Nîmes, 140 km from Lyon, 135 km from Grenoble, and 127 km from Saint-Étienne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differing_natural_regions">Differing natural regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Differing natural regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are five <a href="/wiki/Natural_region" title="Natural region">natural regions</a> of the Ardèche: </p> <ul><li>The mountains</li></ul> <p>They border the western frontier of the department with an average altitude of 1,100 metres. They are of largely <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granitic</a> composition, split by the Velay <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalts</a> of the Massif of <a href="/wiki/Mont_M%C3%A9zenc" title="Mont Mézenc">Mézenc</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Forez_mountains" title="Forez mountains">Forez mountains</a>, centred upon <a href="/wiki/Volcanoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanoes">volcanic</a> cones of ash, <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> plugs and numerous <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a> flows (Mézenc: 1,754 metres; <a href="/wiki/Mont_Gerbier_de_Jonc" title="Mont Gerbier de Jonc">Gerbier de Jonc</a>: 1,551 m). Their inclination slopes gently westward, leading to a westerly flow of water to the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a>. Here the <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> has its source. Within a few kilometres is the volcanic lake of Issarlès (92 ha, 5 km in circumference, 108 m in depth). The climate is extreme: snow for many months, very violent winds in autumn and winter (known locally as "la <a href="/wiki/Burle" title="Burle">burle</a>"), frequent fogs in the valleys, extreme temperature changes between the seasons, with heavy rains (1,500 mm per year in average) concentrated in September and October. </p> <ul><li>The plateaus of the Haut-Vivarais and the Cévennes</li></ul> <p>The transition zone descending from the mountains (1,200 m) to the valley of the Rhône (300 to 400 m), is the plateau region. The plateau's medium altitude is one of green forested crests separated by wild and uncrossable <a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">gorges</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hydrology" title="Hydrology">Hydrographic</a> resources are dominated by these torrential streams and rainfall is characterised by frequent summer showers, with the climate much less extreme than that of the mountains to the west. </p> <ul><li>The Bas-Vivarais</li></ul> <p>The Ardèche river flows into the Rhône, following a generally southeasterly course. This <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">Karst</a> region is formed of calcareous <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestones</a>, where the streams flow in steep-sided valleys separated by sharp crests. With a generally low altitude the Bas-Vivarais enjoys a warm, dry, almost Mediterranean climate. Skies are wide and bright, temperatures more elevated (3 or 4 °C in January). The winds from the northeast are dominant, but those of the south (known as the "vent du midi") and west are full of humidity, bringing heavy precipitation for a few days at a time. The few rivers, the Lavezon, Escoutay, and Frayol, provide less of a hydrological resource than one sees in the crysaline granitic areas to the north. This is a country of wine, shrubland, cereals, and extensive fruit trees (this is the region of <a href="/wiki/Aubenas" title="Aubenas">Aubenas</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Joyeuse,_Ard%C3%A8che" title="Joyeuse, Ardèche">Joyeuse</a>). </p> <ul><li>The plateau of the Coirons</li></ul> <p>This plateau, 800 metres above sea level, is completely surrounded to the north by the valleys of the Ouvèze and the Payre, to the south by the valley of the Escoutay, and to the west by the Col of the Escrinet and the valley of Vesseaux. It is built of basalt that extends in length 18 km in the direction of the Rhône, and at its widest is a maximum 11 km. The climate here is also fairly extreme: snow, without being thick, is frequent, variations of temperature accentuated by the strong, cold winds. The soil is rich and fertile. Farming is dominated by wheat, oats, and potatoes, with the raising of goats and cattle. On the slopes are vines and fruit trees. </p> <ul><li>The valley of the Rhône</li></ul> <p>The Rhône corridor is very straight on the right bank, which runs almost at the foot of the Vivarais plateaus, leaving tiny plains where the rivers from the Vivarais descend to the Rhône. Here the strong north wind (the <a href="/wiki/Mistral_(wind)" title="Mistral (wind)">mistral</a>) dominates, but temperatures are moderated by the influence of the "Midi" to the south. The narrow plains are very fertile and favourable to orchards (peaches and apricots). On the slopes the vines dominate. </p><p>Maps of different types of agricultural products translate clearly into these five regions. According to A. Siegfried, "The true character of the Ardèche is of a slope turning towards the Mediterranean, open to the influences coming from the Midi. These influences climb the length of the valleys to the summit of the high plateau, which resists their passage, not letting them penetrate. The high and the low are thus opposed, such is the character of the Ardèche personality." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principal_towns">Principal towns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Principal towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most populous commune is <a href="/wiki/Annonay" title="Annonay">Annonay</a>; the prefecture <a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> is the sixth-most populous. As of 2019, there are 8 communes with more than 5,000 inhabitants:<sup id="cite_ref-pop2019_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Commune </th> <th>Population (2019) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Annonay" title="Annonay">Annonay</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">16,297 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aubenas" title="Aubenas">Aubenas</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">12,479 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guilherand-Granges" title="Guilherand-Granges">Guilherand-Granges</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">10,756 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tournon-sur-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Tournon-sur-Rhône">Tournon-sur-Rhône</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">10,622 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Le_Teil" title="Le Teil">Le Teil</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8,832 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8,465 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-P%C3%A9ray" title="Saint-Péray">Saint-Péray</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7,580 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bourg-Saint-And%C3%A9ol" title="Bourg-Saint-Andéol">Bourg-Saint-Andéol</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7,187 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Departmental_Council_of_Ardèche"><span id="Departmental_Council_of_Ard.C3.A8che"></span><a href="/wiki/Departmental_Council_of_Ard%C3%A8che" title="Departmental Council of Ardèche">Departmental Council of Ardèche</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Departmental Council of Ardèche"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardeche-arrondissement.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ardeche-arrondissement.svg/220px-Ardeche-arrondissement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ardeche-arrondissement.svg/330px-Ardeche-arrondissement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ardeche-arrondissement.svg/440px-Ardeche-arrondissement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Arrondissement of Largentière in green, Privas in yellow, Tournon-sur-Rhône in blue</figcaption></figure> <p>Ardèche is divided into three <a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">arrondissements</a>. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_departmental_councils_(France)" title="List of presidents of departmental councils (France)">President of the Departmental Council</a> has been Olivier Amrane of <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a> (LR) since 2021. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #E3265B"><span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a></td> <td align="right">12 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #0051AE"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a></td> <td align="right">6 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #ADC1FD"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_right" title="Miscellaneous right">Miscellaneous right</a></td> <td align="right">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #FFC0C0"><span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_left" title="Miscellaneous left">Miscellaneous left</a></td> <td align="right">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F0C200"><span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_the_Left" title="Radical Party of the Left">Radical Party of the Left</a></td> <td align="right">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #6F97CF"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="New Centre">New Centre</a></td> <td align="right">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #DD391F"><span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Citizen_and_Republican_Movement" title="Citizen and Republican Movement">Citizen and Republican Movement</a></td> <td align="right">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #E4002A"><span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a></td> <td align="right">1 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Representation">Representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Assembly">National Assembly</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: National Assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ard%C3%A8che-circonscriptions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ard%C3%A8che-circonscriptions.svg/220px-Ard%C3%A8che-circonscriptions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ard%C3%A8che-circonscriptions.svg/330px-Ard%C3%A8che-circonscriptions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ard%C3%A8che-circonscriptions.svg/440px-Ard%C3%A8che-circonscriptions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Constituencies for members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>: first constituency in green, second in orange, third in purple</figcaption></figure> <p>The department elected three members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_legislative_election" title="2017 French legislative election">2017 legislative election</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Constituency</th> <th>Member<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #E3265B"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che%27s_1st_constituency" title="Ardèche's 1st constituency">Ardèche's 1st constituency</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Saulignac" title="Hervé Saulignac">Hervé Saulignac</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #E3265B"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che%27s_2nd_constituency" title="Ardèche's 2nd constituency">Ardèche's 2nd constituency</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Victory" title="Michèle Victory">Michèle Victory</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #0043B0"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che%27s_3rd_constituency" title="Ardèche's 3rd constituency">Ardèche's 3rd constituency</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fabrice_Brun" title="Fabrice Brun">Fabrice Brun</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senate">Senate</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Representing Ardèche in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a> are <a href="/wiki/Michel_Teston" title="Michel Teston">Michel Teston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chastan" title="Yves Chastan">Yves Chastan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Population development since 1791:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style></p><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1791</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">289,671</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1801</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">266,656</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.82%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">290,801</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.75%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">304,339</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.30%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">340,734</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.14%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">364,416</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.67%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">386,559</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.59%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">388,529</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.05%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">380,277</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">376,867</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">371,269</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">353,564</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">331,801</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.63%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">294,308</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">282,911</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.39%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">272,698</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.73%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">254,598</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">249,077</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.27%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">248,516</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.03%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1968</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">256,927</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">257,065</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.01%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">267,970</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.60%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">277,581</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.44%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">286,023</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.33%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">305,804</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.96%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2016</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">325,157</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.62%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">source:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The department's inhabitants are called <i>Ardéchois</i>. As one of the poorer districts in France, emigration from the Ardèche exceeded immigration for a long time, although this has recently changed. In 1990, Ardèche reached the population level it had 50 years earlier. Today, the population numbers 309,000 (compared to 390,000 in 1860). Despite this demographic recovery, the area remains marked by a rural exodus that minimises the effects of an above average <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a>. The rate of natural increase is practically nonexistent, as Ardèche-born inhabitants have an above average median age and thus also an above average <a href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">death rate</a>. </p><p>Ardèche has few foreign-born immigrants, found almost exclusively in the tourist locations of Largentière, Le Pouzin, and Bourg-Saint-Andéol. They number about 11,000, 4% of the population. During the summer, many European tourists visit the Ardèche, principally Dutch and Germans staying at camping sites. </p><p>Some 50% of the population of the department lives in rural communities, compared to a national average of 75% of the French population living in urban areas. The Ardèche has an average population density of 52 per km<sup>2</sup>, compared to 122 per km<sup>2</sup> for the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a> region and 104 per km<sup>2</sup> in France. Population density is highest in the regions around the two towns of <a href="/wiki/Annonay" title="Annonay">Annonay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aubenas" title="Aubenas">Aubenas</a> and along the edge of the Rhône valley. The mountainous areas are much less densely populated, with only 6 to 7 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup> in the cantons of Saint-Étienne-de-Lugdarès and Valgorge. As the mountains and the plateau continue to depopulate, those of the Rhône valley, Bas-Vivarais and lower Ardèche are continuing to grow, but the population situation, whilst better than in the past, still remains an issue for the region. </p><p>The Rhône valley and the Annonay region, close to the main axes of communication (highways and the TGV railway), are the department's most urbanised areas. Here the natural growth in population is everywhere positive. Annonay, Tournon-sur-Rhône, and Guilherand-Granges benefit from the proximity of the nearby town of Valence and the economically more advanced department of la Drôme. In the southern interior with the town of Aubenas and the valley of the Ardèche river, the population of the cantons of Villeneuve-de-Berg and of Vallon-Pont-d'Arc grows at four times the speed of the departmental average. </p><p>The high plateau and the mountainous areas as far as <a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> continue to lose its young population (the median age of the population as a whole is increasing as a result of the weakness of the power of this region to attract new permanent inhabitants). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruoms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ruoms.jpg/220px-Ruoms.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ruoms.jpg/330px-Ruoms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ruoms.jpg/440px-Ruoms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ruoms" title="Ruoms">Ruoms</a> has become a tourist attraction in recent years.</figcaption></figure> <p>With its rivers and streams, Ardèche has become a favorite place for <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kayak" title="Kayak">kayak</a> enthusiasts from around the world. The Ardèche contains part of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9vennes_National_Park" title="Cévennes National Park">Cévennes National Park</a>. The area is well known for <a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">sport climbing</a>, with many well-managed limestone and granite crags. Each year the Ardeche hosts one of France's biggest road cycling events, L'Ardéchoise, with 16,000 entrants participating in 2011. </p><p>The Ardèche department is known for the speciality of <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Chestnut" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet Chestnut">Sweet Chestnuts</a>, with the famous "châtaigne d'Ardèche" granted the <a href="/wiki/Appellation_d%27origine_contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e" title="Appellation d'origine contrôlée">appellation d'origine contrôlée</a> (AOC) in 2006. The cuisine of Ardèche is very similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Corsican_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsican cuisine">Corsica</a>, with liberal use of chestnuts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_Ard%C3%A8che_department" title="Cantons of the Ardèche department">Cantons of the Ardèche department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Ard%C3%A8che_department" title="Communes of the Ardèche department">Communes of the Ardèche department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_the_Ard%C3%A8che_department" title="Arrondissements of the Ardèche department">Arrondissements of the Ardèche department</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba">"Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux"</a>. <i>data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises</i> (in French). 4 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+conseillers+d%C3%A9partementaux&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArd%C3%A8che" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7739582">"Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%A9l%C3%A9chargement+du+fichier+d%27ensemble+des+populations+l%C3%A9gales+en+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7739582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArd%C3%A8che" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop2019-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pop2019_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop2019_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep07.pdf">Populations légales 2019: 07 Ardèche</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/m-styles/article/2020/12/18/en-ardeche-il-y-a-plus-de-dolmens-qu-en-bretagne_6063802_4497319.html">"En Ardèche, il y a « plus de dolmens qu'en Bretagne ! »"</a>. <i>Le Monde.fr</i>. 18 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.atitle=En+Ard%C3%A8che%2C+il+y+a+%C2%AB+plus+de+dolmens+qu%27en+Bretagne+%21+%C2%BB&rft.date=2020-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fm-styles%2Farticle%2F2020%2F12%2F18%2Fen-ardeche-il-y-a-plus-de-dolmens-qu-en-bretagne_6063802_4497319.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArd%C3%A8che" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDu_Boys1842" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Du Boys, Albert (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wsYOAAAAQAAJ"><i>Album du Vivarais, ou itinéraire historique et descriptif de cette ancienne province</i></a> [<i>Album of the Vivarais, or historic and descriptive guidebook of this ancient province</i>] (in French). Prudhomme. p. 192<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2011</span>. <q>S'il faut en croire l'antique légende, le corps de l'apôtre [...] fut recueilli par une vierge de l'une des premières familles du Vivarais, <i>Anycia</i> ou <i>Amycia Eucheria Tullia</i>, fille du sénateur <i>Eucherius Valerianus</i> [...] Sainte Amycie fit creuser dans le roc un oratoire, ou elle déposa les restes de Saint Andeol</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Album+du+Vivarais%2C+ou+itin%C3%A9raire+historique+et+descriptif+de+cette+ancienne+province&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Prudhomme&rft.date=1842&rft.aulast=Du+Boys&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwsYOAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArd%C3%A8che" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNationale" class="citation web cs1">Nationale, Assemblée. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/">"Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français"</a>. <i>Assemblée nationale</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale&rft.atitle=Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale+~+Les+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s%2C+le+vote+de+la+loi%2C+le+Parlement+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.aulast=Nationale&rft.aufirst=Assembl%C3%A9e&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblee-nationale.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArd%C3%A8che" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://splaf.free.fr/07his.html">"Historique de l'Ardèche"</a>. <i>Le SPLAF</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+SPLAF&rft.atitle=Historique+de+l%27Ard%C3%A8che&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsplaf.free.fr%2F07his.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArd%C3%A8che" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-07">"Évolution et structure de la population en 2016"</a>. INSEE.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%89volution+et+structure+de+la+population+en+2016&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F4176909%3Fgeo%3DDEP-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArd%C3%A8che" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" class="extiw" title="commons:Ardèche"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Ardèche</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ardeche.gouv.fr/">Prefecture website</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ardeche.fr/">Departmental Council website</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parc-monts-ardeche.fr/">Parc Régional des monts d'Ardèche – <i>Ardèche Regional Park</i></a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ardechevideo.com/">All the Ardeche in video HD online, official tourism website with all places to visit, camp-sites, gîtes, hotels and B&Bs.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160109063739/http://ardechevideo.com/">Archived</a> 9 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ardeche.com/en">The Ardeche County Tourist website, ardeche.com lists a large number of gîtes, camp-sites, hotels and B&Bs.</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ardeche-decouverte.com/">Ardèche Découverte</a> <i>Ardeche Discovery Guide</i></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ardeche-evasion.com/">Ardeche Evasion – <i>Ardèche Web Guide</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150322222637/http://www.panoramio.com/user/68287/tags/Ard%C3%A8che">Pictures "Panoramio"</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.ardeche-guide.com">Ardèche Tourist Board</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Departments_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Departments_of_France" title="Template:Departments of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Departments_of_France" title="Template talk:Departments of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Departments_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Departments of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Departments_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departments of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Metropolitan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>01 <a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a></li> <li>02 <a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a></li> <li>03 <a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a></li> <li>04 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a></li> <li>05 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a></li> <li>06 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a></li> <li>07 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ardèche</a></li> <li>08 <a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a></li> <li>09 <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a></li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a></li> <li>11 <a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a></li> <li>12 <a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a></li> <li>13 <a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a></li> <li>14 <a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a></li> <li>15 <a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a></li> <li>16 <a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a></li> <li>17 <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a></li> <li>18 <a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a></li> <li>19 <a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a></li> <li>2A <a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a></li> <li>2B <a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a></li> <li>21 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a></li> <li>22 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a></li> <li>23 <a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a></li> <li>24 <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a></li> <li>25 <a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a></li> <li>26 <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a></li> <li>27 <a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a></li> <li>28 <a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a></li> <li>29 <a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a></li> <li>30 <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a></li> <li>31 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a></li> <li>32 <a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a></li> <li>33 <a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a></li> <li>34 <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a></li> <li>35 <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a></li> <li>36 <a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a></li> <li>37 <a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a></li> <li>38 <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a></li> <li>39 <a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a></li> <li>40 <a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a></li> <li>41 <a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a></li> <li>42 <a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a></li> <li>43 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a></li> <li>44 <a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a></li> <li>45 <a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a></li> <li>46 <a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a></li> <li>47 <a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a></li> <li>48 <a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a></li> <li>49 <a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a></li> <li>50 <a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a></li> <li>51 <a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a></li> <li>52 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a></li> <li>53 <a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a></li> <li>54 <a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a></li> <li>55 <a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a></li> <li>56 <a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a></li> <li>57 <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a></li> <li>58 <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a></li> <li>59 <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a></li> <li>60 <a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a></li> <li>61 <a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a></li> <li>62 <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li>63 <a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a></li> <li>64 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a></li> <li>65 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a></li> <li>66 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li> <li>67 <a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a></li> <li>68 <a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a></li> <li>69D <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a></li> <li>70 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a></li> <li>71 <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a></li> <li>72 <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a></li> <li>73 <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a></li> <li>74 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a></li> <li>76 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a></li> <li>77 <a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a></li> <li>78 <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a></li> <li>79 <a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a></li> <li>80 <a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a></li> <li>81 <a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a></li> <li>82 <a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a></li> <li>83 <a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a></li> <li>84 <a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a></li> <li>85 <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a></li> <li>86 <a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a></li> <li>87 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a></li> <li>88 <a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a></li> <li>89 <a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a></li> <li>90 <a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a></li> <li>91 <a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a></li> <li>92 <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a></li> <li>93 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li>94 <a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a></li> <li>95 <a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>971 <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li>972 <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> <small><i>(territorial collectivity)</i></small></li> <li>973 <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> <small><i>(territorial collectivity)</i></small></li> <li>974 <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li>976 <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>69M <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Lyon" title="Metropolis of Lyon">Lyon</a> <small><i>(collectivity with special status)</i></small></li> <li>75 <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> <small><i>(collectivity with special status)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>975 <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a> <small><i>(Overseas collectivity)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3148#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3148#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3148#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000115272111">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1210263/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079817-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80125723">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11862277j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11862277j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450871">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559779705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/c541e0a5-3352-48e0-84dc-58ca9fc1bcfc">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026359472">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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