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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Système isolé</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 33 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84" title="نظام معزول – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام معزول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_zarr%C3%A1u" title="Sistema zarráu – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema zarráu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_a%C3%AFllat" title="Sistema aïllat – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema aïllat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izolovan%C3%A1_soustava" title="Izolovaná soustava – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izolovaná soustava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abgeschlossenes_System" title="Abgeschlossenes System – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abgeschlossenes System" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolated_system" title="Isolated system – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Isolated system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_aislado" title="Sistema aislado – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema aislado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoleeritud_s%C3%BCsteem" title="Isoleeritud süsteem – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Isoleeritud süsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_isolatu" title="Sistema isolatu – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sistema isolatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87" title="تک‌افتاده – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تک‌افتاده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="विलगित तंत्र – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलगित तंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8m_izole" title="Sistèm izole – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sistèm izole" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izol%C3%A1lt_rendszer" title="Izolált rendszer – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izolált rendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_isolato" title="Sistema isolato – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema isolato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="იზოლირებული სისტემა – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იზოლირებული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%9B%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5" title="Оқшауланған жүйе – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оқшауланған жүйе" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%BD%EA%B3%84" title="고립계 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고립계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%C3%AFsoleerd_systeem" title="Geïsoleerd systeem – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geïsoleerd systeem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolert_system" title="Isolert system – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Isolert system" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE" title="ਆਇਸੋਲੇਟਡ ਸਿਸਟਮ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਇਸੋਲੇਟਡ ਸਿਸਟਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_termodynamicznie_izolowany" title="Układ termodynamicznie izolowany – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ termodynamicznie izolowany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_isolado" title="Sistema isolado – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema isolado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_izolat" title="Sistem izolat – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistem izolat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Изолированная система (термодинамика) – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изолированная система (термодинамика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izolovani_sistem" title="Izolovani sistem – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Izolovani sistem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izolovan%C3%A1_s%C3%BAstava" title="Izolovaná sústava – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Izolovaná sústava" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplotno_izolirani_sistem" title="Toplotno izolirani sistem – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Toplotno izolirani sistem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Изоловани систем – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Изоловани систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ізольована термодинамічна система – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ізольована термодинамічна система" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_v%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD_k%C3%ADn" title="Hệ vật lý kín – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ vật lý kín" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="孤立系統 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="孤立系統" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%CD%98-li%CC%8Dp_h%C4%93-th%C3%B3ng" title="Ko͘-li̍p hē-thóng – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ko͘-li̍p hē-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="孤立系統 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="孤立系統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q320388#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_isol%C3%A9" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Diagram_Systems.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Diagram_Systems.png/220px-Diagram_Systems.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Diagram_Systems.png/330px-Diagram_Systems.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Diagram_Systems.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption>Propriétés des systèmes isolés, fermés et ouverts dans l'échange d'énergie et de matière.</figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>système isolé</b>, par opposition à un <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_ouvert" title="Système ouvert">système ouvert</a>, est un <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_physique" title="Système physique">système physique</a> qui n'<a href="/wiki/Interaction" class="mw-disambig" title="Interaction">interagit</a> pas avec ses <a href="/wiki/Environnement" title="Environnement">environnements</a>. On dit d’un système qu’il est isolé s’il n'échange ni matière, ni chaleur, ni travail avec l'extérieur (paroi adiabatique et indéformable) – un <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_ferm%C3%A9" title="Système fermé">système fermé</a> peut échanger de la chaleur ou du travail avec l'extérieur, mais pas de la matière. </p><p>Ce système obéit à un certain nombre de <a href="/wiki/Loi_de_conservation" title="Loi de conservation">lois de conservation</a> : le total de son <a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie" title="Énergie">énergie</a> et sa <a href="/wiki/Masse" title="Masse">masse</a> (en <a href="/wiki/Physique_classique" title="Physique classique">physique classique</a>) reste constant au cours du <a href="/wiki/Temps" title="Temps">temps</a>. S'il ne peut y avoir d'interactions avec l'extérieur, il peut y avoir des réorganisations internes à énergie et masse constante. </p><p>L'univers dans son ensemble est considéré pour l'instant comme un système isolé, ce qui reste un postulat à démontrer. </p><p>Des systèmes véritablement isolés n'existent pas dans la réalité physique. Il y a toujours des interactions avec l'environnement (exemple de la gravité opérant entre la masse du système et les masses extérieures). Cependant, un système réel peut se comporter comme un système isolé avec une bonne approximation. Ce concept est une <a href="/wiki/Id%C3%A9alisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Idéalisation">idéalisation</a> acceptable utilisée dans la construction de <a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_math%C3%A9matique" title="Modèle mathématique">modèles mathématiques</a> appliqués aux phénomènes physiques ainsi qu'à de nombreux <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne" title="Phénomène">phénomènes</a> naturels (par exemple, le <a href="/wiki/Soleil" title="Soleil">Soleil</a> ainsi que les <a href="/wiki/Plan%C3%A8te" title="Planète">planètes</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_solaire" title="Système solaire">système solaire</a> qui est souvent traité comme un système isolé). </p><p>Dans sa tentative de justifier le postulat de l'augmentation de l'<a href="/wiki/Entropie_(thermodynamique)" title="Entropie (thermodynamique)">entropie</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Seconde_loi_de_la_thermodynamique" class="mw-redirect" title="Seconde loi de la thermodynamique">seconde loi de la thermodynamique</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9or%C3%A8me" title="Théorème">théorème</a> de Boltzmann utilise des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89quation_de_Boltzmann" title="Équation de Boltzmann">équations</a> qui supposent un système isolé (par exemple, un <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gaz</a>) dont tous les <a href="/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_de_libert%C3%A9_(physique)" title="Degré de liberté (physique)">degrés de liberté</a> mécaniques pourraient être prévus. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syst%C3%A8me_isol%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syst%C3%A8me_isol%C3%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : 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class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syst%C3%A8me_isol%C3%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wikiversity"><a href="https://fr.wikiversity.org/wiki/Notions_de_thermodynamique/Syst%C3%A8me_thermodynamique" class="extiw" title="v:Notions de thermodynamique/Système thermodynamique">Système thermodynamique</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikiversity</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_ouvert" title="Système ouvert">Système ouvert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_ferm%C3%A9" title="Système fermé">Système fermé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_dynamique" title="Système dynamique">Système dynamique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_thermodynamique" title="Système thermodynamique">Système thermodynamique</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syst%C3%A8me_isol%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syst%C3%A8me_isol%C3%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iowastatedaily.com/articles/2005/02/14/hot_topics/20050214-archive.txt">"Thermodynamique loi a été mal appliqué" - Iowa State Daily</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6283374.stm">Le mythe perpétuel de l'énergie libre" - BBC Nouvelles</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span 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