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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Anda dapat melihat atau menyalin sumber halaman ini. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="id" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">[[Berkas:Pulitzer.jpg|jmpl|ka|Joseph Pulitzer]] '''Joseph Pulitzer''' adalah seorang [[jurnalis]] dan penerbit surat kabar [[Hungaria]]-[[Amerika]] pada akhir abad ke-19. Pulitzer memperkenalkan teknik " jurnalisme baru " untuk surat kabar yang ia dirikan pada tahun 1880-an. Namanya dijadikan sebuah nama penghargaan yang dianggap tertinggi dalam bidang jurnalisme cetak di Amerika Serikat yaitu [[Penghargaan Pulitzer]] Joseph Pulitzer lahir tanggal 10 April 1847 di [[Makó]], [[Hungaria]]. Awalnya ia meniti karier sebagai seorang [[tentara]] di Kerajaan Austria. Namun tak lama setelahnya ia diberhentikan karena masalah kesehatan. Pulitzer kemudian beremigrasi ke AS pada 1884 dan menjadi anggota ketentaraan yang berdinas dalam [[Perang Sipil Amerika]] (1861-1865).<ref>András Csillag, "Joseph Pulitzer's Roots in Europe: A Genealogical History," ''American Jewish Archives,'' Jan 1987, Vol. 39 Issue 1, pp 49–68</ref> == Karier Jurnalis == Usai perang ia menetap di St. Louis, [[Missouri]] dan bekerja sebagai wartawan di sebuah koran harian berbahasa Jerman, Westliche Post. Setelah itu ia bergabung dengan Partai Republik dan berhasil terpilih sebagai anggota dewan di negara bagian Missouri pada 1869. Akan tetapi setelah gagal mengusung Horace Greeley sebagai presiden AS pada pemilu masa itu, Partai Republik mengalami kemunduran. Pulitzer pun loncat ke Partai Demokrat. Pada [[1872]], Pulitzer membeli surat kabar Post seharga USD 3.000 dan setahun kemudian ia menjual surat kabar itu dengan harga berlipat. Pada 1879, ia membeli surat kabar St. Louis Dispatch dan St. Louis Post yang kemudian digabungkannya menjadi satu dengan nama St. Louis Post-Dispatch yang kemudian diubah namanya lagi menjadi koran St. Louis saja. Pada masa inilah, Pulitzer meraih kesuksesan besar dan berhasil mengumpulkan harta kekayaannya. Tahun 1882, Pulitzer mengakuisisi surat kabar [[New York World]]. Setelah dikelolanya, surat kabar yang semula telah mengalami defisit USD 40.000 berubah total dengan meraup untung sejumlah USD 346.000 dalam setahun. Hal ini bisa terjadi karena Pulitzer merombak habis-habisan arah pemberitaan surat kabar tersebut. Pulitzer mengisi New York World dengan sajian-sajian berita human-interest, skandal, gosip dan berita-berita sensasional lainnya di mana pada masa itu gebrakan ini belum dilakukan oleh media-media lain. Pada 1885, Pulitzer terpilih sebagai anggota DPR AS (House of Representatives). Namun sayangnya beberapa bulan kemudian ia mengundurkan diri.<ref>Swanberg, ''Pulitzer'', p. 7</ref> Tahun 1887, Pulitzer merekrut seorang jurnalis terkenal AS masa itu, Nellie Bly untuk memperkuat redaksi New York World. Sebelumnya pada tahun 1895, surat kabar ini semakin menjulang popularitasnya karena untuk pertama kali dalam sejarah pers menyajikan serial komik berwarna (komik The Yellow Kid karya Richard F. Outcault). Oplah koran pun kian menggelembung dari 15.000 menjadi 600.000 eksemplar per hari yang membuatnya menjadi surat kabar terbesar AS pada masa itu. == Jurnalisme Kuning (Koran Kuning) == Tahun 1895, surat kabar New York World mendapat pesaing baru yaitu surat kabar New York Journal yang dimiliki oleh William Randolph Hearst. Sejak tahun 1895 hingga 1898 terjadi persaingan hebat antara surat kabar New York World milik Pulitzer dan New York Journal milik Hearst. Kedua media ini saling menabuh genderang perang dengan menyajikan berita-berita bombastis, sensasional dan kontroversial dengan tujuan utama peningkatan oplah. Persaingan sengit ini kemudian dikenal dengan istilah jurnalisme/koran kuning. Istilah ini diberikan oleh kalangan pers AS karena kedua koran tersebut sering menyajikan berita murahan untuk mencari sensasi dan menarik minat pembaca. Selain itu, keduanya juga sama-sama memuat serial komik The Yellow Kid (Bocah Kuning). Akibat terlalu sering mempraktikkan [[jurnalisme kuning]], Joseph Pulitzer pernah diseret ke meja hijau atas tuduhan pencemaran nama baik Presiden AS (waktu itu) Theodore Roosevelt dan pengusaha besar J. P. Morgan. Pada tahun 1909, surat kabar New York World memberitakan adanya transaksi palsu senilai USD 40 juta dolar dalam pembelian Terusan Panama yang melibatkan dua orang penting tersebut. Beruntung dalam persidangan, hakim membebaskannya dari segala tuduhan atas dasar kebebasan pers.<ref>{{cite web|last=Garrison|first=Chad|title=Pulitzer's Pain|url=http://www.riverfronttimes.com/2005-03-02/news/pulitzer-s-pain/|publisher=Riverfront Times|accessdate=9-2-2012|archive-date=2009-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306195827/http://www.riverfronttimes.com/2005-03-02/news/pulitzer-s-pain/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Sumbangsih pendidikan == Tahun [[1892]], Joseph Pulitzer menawarkan uang sejumlah USD 2 juta ke Universitas Columbia, AS untuk mendirikan sekolah jurnalis pertama. Awalnya, tawaran itu ditolak pihak universitas karena menganggap Pulitzer mungkin punya motif tertentu. Akan tetapi setelah terjadi pergantian pimpinan universitas, barulah tawaran itu mulai dipertimbangkan. Namun pendirian sekolah jurnalisme ini baru benar-benar direalisasikan pada tahun 1912 setelah Pulitzer mangkat. Bagaimanapun, di saat menanti kepastian pendirian sekolah jurnalisme di Universitas Columbia, Pulitzer telah berhasil mendirikan sekolah serupa di Universitas Missouri. Joseph Pulitzer meninggal tahun 1911 di atas kapal pesiar peristirahatannya yang sedang berlabuh di Charleston, South Carolina. Ia kemudian dimakamkan di Bronx, [[New York]]. == Catatan Kaki == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Kelahiran 1847]] [[Kategori:Kematian 1911]] [[Kategori:Wartawan Amerika Serikat]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Templat yang digunakan di halaman ini: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Cite_web" title="Templat:Cite web">Templat:Cite web</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Cite_web&action=edit" title="Templat:Cite web">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Main_other" title="Templat:Main other">Templat:Main other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Main_other&action=edit" title="Templat:Main other">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Reflist" title="Templat:Reflist">Templat:Reflist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Reflist&action=edit" title="Templat:Reflist">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Reflist/styles.css" title="Templat:Reflist/styles.css">Templat:Reflist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Reflist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Templat:Reflist/styles.css">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Check_for_unknown_parameters" title="Modul:Check for unknown parameters">Modul:Check for unknown parameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Check_for_unknown_parameters&action=edit" title="Modul:Check for unknown parameters">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1" title="Modul:Citation/CS1">Modul:Citation/CS1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1/COinS" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/COinS">Modul:Citation/CS1/COinS</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1/COinS&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/COinS">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1/Configuration" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Configuration">Modul:Citation/CS1/Configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1/Configuration&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Configuration">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1/Date_validation" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Date validation">Modul:Citation/CS1/Date validation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1/Date_validation&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Date validation">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1/Identifiers" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">Modul:Citation/CS1/Identifiers</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1/Identifiers&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1/Utilities" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Utilities">Modul:Citation/CS1/Utilities</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1/Utilities&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Utilities">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1/Whitelist" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">Modul:Citation/CS1/Whitelist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1/Whitelist&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Kembali ke <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer" title="Joseph Pulitzer">Joseph Pulitzer</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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