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security</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: national security"> <meta name="keywords" content="national security"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="national security"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6853</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: national security</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6853</span> The Law of Treaties and National Security of Islamic Republic of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Tavakoli%20Sani">S. M. Tavakoli Sani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sabbet%20Moghadam"> M. Sabbet Moghadam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Khorram%20Farhadi"> Y. Khorram Farhadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraj%20Rezayi%20Nejad"> Iraj Rezayi Nejad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of national security in Iran is a permanently effective factor in acceptance or rejection of many international obligations. These obligations had been defined according to the type of legislation of Iran in many aspects. Therefore, there are several treaties at international level which requires Iran’s security to come in contact with obligations in these treaties in a way that an obstacle to join to them and their passage in parliament. This issue is a typical category which every country pays attention to be accepted in treaties or to include their national security in that treaties and also they can see the related treaties from this perspective, but this issue that 'what is the concept of Iran’s national security', and 'To what extent it is changed in recent years, especially after Islamic Revolution' are important issues that can be criticized. Thus, this study is trying to assess singed treaties from the perspective of Iran’s national security according of the true meaning of treaty and to investigate how the international treaties may be in conflict with Iran’s national security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treaties" title="treaties">treaties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20Revolution" title=" Islamic Revolution"> Islamic Revolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1968/the-law-of-treaties-and-national-security-of-islamic-republic-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6852</span> A Holistic Approach to Institutional Cyber Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Kargaci">Mehmet Kargaci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is more important to access information than to get the correct information and to transform it to the knowledge in a proper way. Every person, organizations or governments who have the knowledge now become the target. Cyber security involves the range of measures to be taken from individual to the national level. The National institutions refer to academic, military and major public and private institutions, which are very important for the national security. Thus they need further cyber security measures. It appears that the traditional cyber security measures in the national level are alone not sufficient, while the individual measures remain in a restricted level. It is evaluated that the most appropriate method for preventing the cyber vulnerabilities rather than existing measures are to develop institutional measures. This study examines the cyber security measures to be taken, especially in the national institutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20defence" title="cyber defence">cyber defence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information" title=" information"> information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20infrastructure" title=" critical infrastructure"> critical infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26126/a-holistic-approach-to-institutional-cyber-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">537</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6851</span> Legal Issues of Food Security in Republic of Kazakhstan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20T.%20Aigarinova">G. T. Aigarinova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article considers the legal issues of food security as a major component of national security of the republic. The problem of food security is the top priority of the economic policy strategy of any state, the effectiveness of this solution influences social, political, and ethnic stability in society. Food security and nutrition is everyone’s business. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. By analyzing the existing legislation in the area of food security, the author identifies weaknesses and gaps, suggesting ways to improve it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title="food security">food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title=" agriculture"> agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20resources" title=" public resources"> public resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20security" title=" economic security"> economic security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4863/legal-issues-of-food-security-in-republic-of-kazakhstan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6850</span> The Effects of Cross-Border Use of Drones in Nigerian National Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Kerry">H. P. Kerry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drone technology has become a significant discourse in a nation’s national security, while this technology could constitute a danger to national security on the one hand, on the other hand, it is used in developed and developing countries for border security, and in some cases, for protection of security agents and migrants. In the case of Nigeria, drones are used by the military to monitor and tighten security around the borders. However, terrorist groups have devised a means to utilize the technology to their advantage. Therefore, the potential danger in the widespread proliferation of this technology has become a myriad of risks. The research on the effects of cross-border use of drones in Nigerian national security looks at the negative and positive consequences of using drone technology. The study employs the use of interviews and relevant documents to obtain data while the study applied the Just War theory to justify the reason why countries use force; it further buttresses the points with what the realist theory thinks about the use of force. In conclusion, the paper recommends that the Nigerian government through the National Assembly should pass a bill for the establishment of a law that will guide the use of armed and unarmed drones in Nigeria enforced by the Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority and the office of the National Security Adviser. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=armed%20drones" title="armed drones">armed drones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drones" title=" drones"> drones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-border" title=" cross-border"> cross-border</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127425/the-effects-of-cross-border-use-of-drones-in-nigerian-national-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6849</span> Managing Education through, Effective School Community Relationships/Participation for National Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehu%20S.%20Janguza">Shehu S. Janguza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need for national security cannot be over Emphasis, which should be pursued by any means. Thus the need for effective management of education through effective school community Relationship/participation. In preparing and implementing only effort to promote community involvement in manning Education, it is importance to understand the whole picture of community participation, how it works, what forms are used, what benefit it can yield and what we should expect in the process of carrying out the efforts finally emphasis will be made on how effective school community relationship/participation and lead to national security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20participation" title="community participation">community participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=managing" title=" managing"> managing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20community" title=" school community"> school community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22224/managing-education-through-effective-school-community-relationshipsparticipation-for-national-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6848</span> Foreign Artificial Intelligence Investments and National Security Exceptions in International Investment Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Zhu">Ying Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent years have witnessed a boom of foreign investments in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Foreign investments provide critical capital for AI development but also trigger national security concerns of host states. A notable example is an increasing number of cases in which the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) has denied Chinese acquisitions of US technology companies on national security grounds. On July 19, 2018, the Congress has reached a deal on the final draft of a new provision to strengthen CFIUS’s authority to review overseas transactions involving sensitive US technology. The question is: how to reconcile the emerging tension between, on the one hand, foreign AI investors’ expectations of a predictable investment environment, and on the other hand, host states’ regulatory power on national security? This paper provides a methodology to reconcile this tension under international investment law. Based on an examination, the national security exception clauses in international investment treaties and the application of national security justification in investor-state arbitration jurisprudence, the paper argues that a traditional interpretation of the national security exception, based on the necessity concept in customary international law, fails to take into account new risks faced by countries, including security concerns over strategic industries such as AI. To overcome this shortage, the paper proposes to incorporate an integrated national security clause in international investment treaties, which includes a two-tier test: a ‘self-judging’ test in the pre-establishment period and a ‘proportionality’ test in the post-establishment period. At the end, the paper drafts a model national security clause for future treaty-drafting practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20investment" title="foreign investment">foreign investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20investment%20law" title=" international investment law"> international investment law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security%20exception" title=" national security exception "> national security exception </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98343/foreign-artificial-intelligence-investments-and-national-security-exceptions-in-international-investment-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6847</span> Venezuela in the US Oil Geopolitics: An Analysis in the Light of the New Oil Landscape</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Clavijo">William Clavijo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edmar%20Almeida"> Edmar Almeida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article analyzes the importance of Venezuela in the US geopolitics of oil considering the new oil landscape. To this end, the importance of oil in the geopolitics of the United States is discussed from the perspective of energy security as well as considering a broader view of national security. Based on this discussion, the relevance of Venezuelan oil reserves on US geopolitical agenda is analyzed. Among the results, the article shows that the transformations in the supply structure of the international oil market during the last decade have allowed the United States to achieve greater levels of independence from oil imports from other producing countries. This new reality has profoundly changed the US interest in Venezuelan oil to a broader subject that involves sensitive issues of its national security agenda. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20geopolitics" title="oil geopolitics">oil geopolitics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venezuela" title=" Venezuela"> Venezuela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20States" title=" United States"> United States</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20security" title=" energy security"> energy security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security "> national security </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125965/venezuela-in-the-us-oil-geopolitics-an-analysis-in-the-light-of-the-new-oil-landscape" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6846</span> The Social Perception of National Security Risks: A Comparative Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicula%20Valentin">Nicula Valentin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrei%20Virginia"> Andrei Virginia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the individual plays a central role in the state’s architecture. This is why the subjective dimension of the security represents a key concept in risk assessment. The paper’s scope is to emphasize the discrepancy between expert and lay evaluations of national security hazards, which is caused by key factors like emotions, personal experience, knowledge and media. Therefore, we have chosen to apply, using these two different groups of respondents, the Q-sort method, which reveals individual beliefs, attitudes, preferences hidden behind the subjects’ own way of prioritizing the risks they are confronted with. Our study’s conclusions are meant to unveil significant indicators needed to be taken into consideration by a state’s leadership in order to understand the social perception of national security hazards, to communicate better with the public opinion and prevent or mitigate the overestimation of the severity or probability of these dangers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20perception" title="risk perception">risk perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q-sort%20method" title=" Q-sort method"> Q-sort method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security%20hazards" title=" national security hazards"> national security hazards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual%20beliefs" title=" individual beliefs"> individual beliefs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29340/the-social-perception-of-national-security-risks-a-comparative-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6845</span> Defense Strategy: Perang Semesta Strategy as a Reliable National Security System of Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdianta%20S">Erdianta S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chastiti%20M.%20Wulolo"> Chastiti M. Wulolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDK%20Kerta%20Widana"> IDK Kerta Widana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perang Semesta strategy is a national security system used by Republic of Indonesia. It comes from local wisdom, cultural, and hereditary of Indonesia itself. This system involves all people and all nation resources, and it is early prepared by government and conducted totality, integratedly, directly, and continously to enforce a sovereignty of country, teritorial integrity and the safety of the whole nation from threats. This study uses a qualitative content analysis method by studying, recording, and analyzing government policy. The Perang Semesta strategy divided into main, backup, and supporting components. Every component has its function and responsibility in security perspective. So when an attack comes, all people of Indonesia will voluntary to defend the country. Perang Semesta strategy is a national security system which becomes the most reliable strategy toward geography and demography of Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perang%20Semesta%20strategy" title=" Perang Semesta strategy"> Perang Semesta strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20wisdom" title=" local wisdom"> local wisdom</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80513/defense-strategy-perang-semesta-strategy-as-a-reliable-national-security-system-of-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6844</span> Harnessing Entrepreneurial Opportunities for National Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itiola%20Kehinde%20Adeniran">Itiola Kehinde Adeniran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigated the influence of harnessing entrepreneurial opportunities on the national security in Nigeria with a specific focus on the security situation of the post-amnesty programmes of the Federal Government in Ondo State. The self-administered structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from one hundred and twenty participants through purposive sampling method. Inferential statistics was used to analyze the data, specifically; ordinary least squares linear regression method was employed with the aid of statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 in order to determine the influence of independent variable (entrepreneurial opportunities) on dependent variable (national security). The result showed that business opportunities have a significant influence on the rate of criminal activities. The study also revealed that entrepreneurial opportunity creation and discovery as well as providing a model on how these entrepreneurial opportunities could be effectively and efficiently utilized jointly predict better national security, which counted for 69% variance of crime rate reduction. The paper, therefore, recommended that citizens should be encouraged to develop an interest in the skill-based activities in order to change their mindset towards self-employment which can motivate them in identify entrepreneurial opportunities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title="entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20opportunities" title=" entrepreneurial opportunities"> entrepreneurial opportunities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unemployment" title=" unemployment"> unemployment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34168/harnessing-entrepreneurial-opportunities-for-national-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6843</span> The Effect of Maritime Security on National Development in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adegboyega%20Adedolapo%20Ola">Adegboyega Adedolapo Ola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, a country’s maritime security has a significant impact on its national development because it serves as a major source of a commercial contact and food supply. However, the country has been faced with a number of problems, such as piracy, kidnapping, illegal bunkering and oil theft. As such, the study examined the contribution and the relationship between maritime security and Nigeria’s development, as well as the prospects and challenges of maritime security in Nigeria. The study utilized a questionnaire and focused group discussion/interview as instruments for data collection. The method of analysis employed in the study is descriptive. A total of Three Hundred and Ninety (390) respondents were randomly selected. The result of the study showed that maritime security contributes to national development in Nigeria by guaranteeing food security in Nigeria, creating employment opportunities as well as increasing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the economy. It was also found that maritime security is yet to provide sufficient support for national development in Nigeria. It is further established that it has prospects for development through the creation of employment opportunities, increase in foreign earnings, and fostering improved living standards for citizens. The study concluded that the high level of corruption, piracy and kidnapping, lack of political will by the government and the porosity of the Nigerian borders are serious obstacles, among others. In attempting to solve the problem of piracy and kidnapping in Nigerian maritime, to contribute to National development, it is primordial to address the cancer of corruption, poverty, and youth unemployment. In view of this, the study recommends: among other things, that the maritime industry should be well secured by removing its constraints/bottlenecks so as to enhance its contributions to national development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20security" title="maritime security">maritime security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20development" title=" national development"> national development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piracy" title=" piracy"> piracy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166065/the-effect-of-maritime-security-on-national-development-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6842</span> Ethno-Religious Conflicts In Nigeria; Implications for National Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Onyekachi%20Chidi">Samuel Onyekachi Chidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nigeria today faces more internal threats stemming from ethnic and religious conflicts than external sources. This article seeks to examine the ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria from 2015 to 2021 and their impact on national security. The research was guided by six objectives. The theoretical framework adopted for this study is Structural Conflict Theory, which provides an adequate explanation, a predictive rationale for the frequent occurrence of ethno-religious conflicts and a tendency to provide the necessary insight for their resolution. The results of the study revealed that there is a strong relationship between ethnicity, religion, conflict and national security and that the ethno-religious conflicts experienced in Nigeria have gross implications for national security. The study recommends that the secularity of the Nigerian state be restored and preserved and that the state of origin be removed and replaced by the state of residence in all our national documents, as this will reduce ethnic identity, which is in opposition to nationalism. Religious leaders, traditional rulers, the media and other stakeholders should support the government in its fight to reduce ethno-religious conflict by sensitizing its youth, preaching unity and peaceful coexistence, and discouraging the use of violence as a means of settling disputes between groups and individuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicity" title="ethnicity">ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title=" conflict"> conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168654/ethno-religious-conflicts-in-nigeria-implications-for-national-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6841</span> The Effort of Good Governance in Enhancing Foods Security for Sustainable National Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egboja%20Simon%20Oga">Egboja Simon Oga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important keys to the success of a nation is to ensure steady development and national economic self-sufficiency and independence. It is therefore in this regard that this paper is designed to identify food security to be crucial to all nations’ effort toward sustainable national development. Nigeria as a case study employed various effort by the successive government towards food security. Emphasis were placed on the extent to which government has boosted food security situation on the basis of the identified limitations, conclusion was drawn, recommendation/suggestions proffered, that subsidization of the process of farm inputs like fertilizer, improved seeds and agrochemical, education of farmers on modern methods of farming through extension services, improvisation of village-based food storage mechanism and provision of infrastructural facilities in rural areas to facilitate the preservation and easy evacuation of farm produces are necessary. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food" title="food">food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title="governance">governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title="security">security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32029/the-effort-of-good-governance-in-enhancing-foods-security-for-sustainable-national-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6840</span> Migration, Security, and Human Rights in Nigeria: Navigating National Interests Amidst Regional Crises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Otu%20Otu%20Akanu">Otu Otu Akanu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nexus between migration, national security, and human rights has become increasingly complex, particularly within Nigeria's geopolitical landscape. This study explores how Nigeria navigates the balance between safeguarding national security and upholding human rights amidst escalating regional crises, such as conflicts in the Lake Chad Basin and the Sahel. Through a comprehensive analysis of policy frameworks, security measures, and human rights protocols, this paper critically examines the challenges and opportunities in Nigeria's approach. The study employed a multidisciplinary methodology, integrating perspectives from International Relations, Human Security Studies, and Migration Law to provide a holistic understanding of the issue. Drawing on primary data from government reports, policy documents, and interviews with key stakeholders, alongside secondary literature, the study reveals a persistent tension between security imperatives and human rights obligations. While Nigeria has made strides in enhancing its security architecture, the findings highlight significant gaps in the protection of migrants' rights, often exacerbated by external pressures and domestic political dynamics. The paper argues that a recalibration of Nigeria's security and human rights policies is imperative for achieving sustainable peace and security in the region. By offering policy recommendations rooted in international best practices, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on migration and security in West Africa and provides a framework for other nations grappling with similar challenges. This research underscores the need for an integrated approach that transcends traditional security paradigms, advocating a more inclusive and human-centered strategy in addressing the complexities of migration and national security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=West%20Africa" title=" West Africa"> West Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192434/migration-security-and-human-rights-in-nigeria-navigating-national-interests-amidst-regional-crises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">17</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6839</span> Labour Migration in Russia in the Context of Russia’s National Security Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Dolzhikova">A. V. Dolzhikova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article deals with the problems of labour migration in the Russian Federation in the context of Russia's national security, provides the typology of migrants residing in the territory of the Russian Federation and analyzes the risk factors. The author considers the structure of migration flows and the terms of legal, economic and socio-cultural adaptation of migrants in the Russian Federation. In this connection, the status of the Russian migration legislation, the concept of the comprehensive exam in Russian as a foreign language, history of Russia and the basics of the Russian Federation legislation for foreign citizens which was introduced in Russia on January 1, 2015, are analyzed. The article discloses its role as the adaptation strategy and the factor of Russia's migration security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive%20exam" title="comprehensive exam">comprehensive exam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration%20policy" title=" migration policy"> migration policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration%20legislation" title=" migration legislation"> migration legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia%27s%20national%20security" title=" Russia's national security"> Russia's national security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49836/labour-migration-in-russia-in-the-context-of-russias-national-security-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6838</span> Illegal Migration and Refugee Crisis as a Threat to National Security, Economic and Social System: The Bulgarian Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan%20Deliversky">Jordan Deliversky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unlike all conventional forms of migration, migration crisis and migratory processes provide pressure to governments and are being expressed as different phenomenon in relation to nature and forms. The objective of this paper is to present the migration and refugee crisis as revealing numerous challenges faced by authorities responsible for the social and economic stability in Bulgaria as well as those providing conditions for reinforcement of the high level of national security in Bulgaria. The analysis is focused on exploring the multiple origins of factors influencing migration processes in Europe, in the light of the measures provided by the Bulgarian state authorities. The main results show that the society itself is facing the challenge of integrating refugees and migrants, so to be able to comply with the principles and values associated with tolerance to social, religious and cultural differences, and not allowing migrants to become marginalized community. Migration pressure creates a number of risks and threats to the Bulgarian national security. Our country has the capacity and resources to meet these potential threats, as a main factor for minimizing the risks to national security is the improvement of coordination and coherence of actions between various actors serving to the security sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legislation" title="legislation">legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migrants" title=" migrants"> migrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugees" title=" refugees"> refugees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68192/illegal-migration-and-refugee-crisis-as-a-threat-to-national-security-economic-and-social-system-the-bulgarian-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6837</span> Redefining State Security Using Gender: Case Study of the United States of America Post-Cold War</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20K.%20Linsenmayer">E. K. Linsenmayer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditional international relations theorists define state security, the principal national interest, as a state’s military force. However, many political theorists argue the current definition of security is not comprehensive and therefore, problematic. This paper argues that women’s physical security is not only linked but also necessary to achieve state security. In today’s unipolar political international system, the United States continues to accredit national security to its military. However, in one of the most militarized countries, women remain insecure. Through a case study method of the United States, this paper illuminates a necessary political prescription: the empowerment of women through an inside-out, feminist theoretical approach that makes state security attainable. The research through empirical testing, drawing from several databases, shows the positive effects of women’s physical security on state security. Women’s physical security is defined in terms of equal legal practices, health, education, and female representation in the government. State security is measured by the relative peace of a state, its involvement in conflict and a state’s relations with neighboring states. This paper shows that empowering women, 50% of the world’s population, is necessary for ending the current vicious circle of militarization, war, and insecurity. Without undoing gender power dynamics at the individual and societal level, security at all levels remains unattainable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20inequality" title="gender inequality">gender inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20security" title=" state security"> state security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%27s%20security" title=" women's security"> women's security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85509/redefining-state-security-using-gender-case-study-of-the-united-states-of-america-post-cold-war" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6836</span> Countering Terrorism through Social Media: Case Study in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauly%20Budiyanti">Mauly Budiyanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisyah%20M.%20Anggiana"> Aisyah M. Anggiana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Terrorism is a threat to national security since the war on terror era after the tragedy of 9/11. The shifting of national threat from military to non-military centric leads us to recognize that military action is not the only way to face and solve terrorism. Alongside the use of military action to counter terrorism, Indonesia has another way to counter it by using the role of social media. The role of social media on spreading positivity to counter terrorism has the power to show that people now are fearless toward terrorist attack because their goal is to make sure that people are threatened enough by the way they act. This is showing the emergence of the non-state actor has a big impact on national security, as well as pluralism, said about the involving of non-state actor on international events. In this paper, we will examine the role of social media in countering terrorism based on study case in Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism." title=" terrorism. "> terrorism. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87838/countering-terrorism-through-social-media-case-study-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6835</span> Threat Analysis: A Technical Review on Risk Assessment and Management of National Testing Service (NTS)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beenish%20Urooj">Beenish Urooj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ubaid%20Ullah"> Ubaid Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Riasat"> Sidra Riasat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> National Testing Service-Pakistan (NTS) is an agency in Pakistan that conducts student success appraisal examinations. In this research paper, we must present a security model for the NTS organization. The security model will depict certain security countermeasures for a better defense against certain types of breaches and system malware. We will provide a security roadmap, which will help the company to execute its further goals to maintain security standards and policies. We also covered multiple aspects in securing the environment of the organization. We introduced the processes, architecture, data classification, auditing approaches, survey responses, data handling, and also training and awareness of risk for the company. The primary contribution is the Risk Survey, based on the maturity model meant to assess and examine employee training and knowledge of risks in the company's activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NTS" title="NTS">NTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threat%20factors" title=" threat factors"> threat factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=services" title=" services"> services</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168005/threat-analysis-a-technical-review-on-risk-assessment-and-management-of-national-testing-service-nts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6834</span> COVID-19: A Thread to the Security System of Foreign Investment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Ghaemi">Mehdi Ghaemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In principle, foreign investment security is enshrined in International Investment Agreements (IIAs) and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) in the form of protection standards such as the Full Protection and Security Standard (FPS). Accordingly, the host countries undertake to provide the necessary security for the economic activities of foreign investment. With the outbreak of coronavirus, the international community called COVID-19 a threat to international peace security, as well as to the public interest and national security of nations; and to deal with, they proposed several solutions, generally including quarantine, creating social distances, and restricting businesses. This article first studies the security of foreign investment in international investment law. In the following, it analyzes the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for foreign investment security so that if there is a threat to that security, solutions could be offered to reduce it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20investment" title="foreign investment">foreign investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPS%20standard" title=" FPS standard"> FPS standard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=host%20country" title=" host country"> host country</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163637/covid-19-a-thread-to-the-security-system-of-foreign-investment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6833</span> Foreign Policy and National Security Dilemma: Examining Nigerian Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuaibu%20Umar%20Abdul">Shuaibu Umar Abdul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The essence of any state as well as government is to ensure and advance the security of lives and property of its citizens. As a result, providing security in all spheres ranging from safeguarding the territorial integrity, security of lives and property of the citizens as well as economic emancipation have constitute the core objectives cum national interest of virtually all country’s foreign policy in the world. In view of this imperative above, Nigeria has enshrined in the early part of her 1999 constitution as amended, as its duty and responsibility as a state, to ensure security of lives and property of its citizens. Yet, it does not make any significant shift as it relates to the country’s fundamental security needs as exemplified by the current enormous security challenges that reduced the country’s fortune to the background in all ramifications. The study chooses realist paradigm as theoretical underpinning which emphasizes that exigency of the moment should always take priority in the pursuit of foreign policy. The study is historical, descriptive and narrative in method and character. Data for the study was sourced from secondary sources and analysed via content analysis. The study found out that it is lack of political will on the side of the government to guarantee a just and egalitarian society that will be of benefit to all citizens. This could be more appreciated when looking at the gaps between the theory in Nigerian foreign policy and the practice as exemplified by the action or inaction of the government to ensure security in the state. On this account, the study recommends that until the leaderships in Nigerian foreign policy recognized the need for political will and respect for constitutionalism to ensure security of its citizens and territory, otherwise achieving great Nigeria will remain an illusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20policy" title="foreign policy">foreign policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nation" title=" nation"> nation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23474/foreign-policy-and-national-security-dilemma-examining-nigerian-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6832</span> Effect of National Sovereignty of Non-Citizens Human Rights Standards: Mediterranean Irregular Immigrants Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azin%20Karami">Azin Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahareh%20Heydari"> Bahareh Heydari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a difference between national sovereignty ( national security guarantee) and human rights standards (human security guarantee). Under the pretext of providing security for the majority, Governments violate human rights standards and lead to populism. This paper illustrates despite the human rights standards of non-citizens, they mostly confront different practical and social realities. (a large gap between the reality and the truth). This paper has focused on one of vulnerable irregular non-citizens immigrants from Mediterranean . In addition, it has considered challenges of the basic and primary human rights standards of this group. It shows how government policies affect the flow of irregular immigration. This paper is based upon UN data about Mediterranean immigrants and polls answered by 68 people who intended to migrate from Mediterranean (28 female and 40 male people, the average age of 30 to 40). The model is supposed to be a convenient one to present objective, real evidence of irregular immigrants and discusses the challenges that this group of immigrants confront them .This paper shows clear concept of immigrants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title="human rights">human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20security" title=" human security"> human security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20sovereignty" title=" national sovereignty"> national sovereignty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20immigrants" title=" irregular immigrants"> irregular immigrants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92687/effect-of-national-sovereignty-of-non-citizens-human-rights-standards-mediterranean-irregular-immigrants-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6831</span> The Adaptive Properties of the Strategic Assurance System of the National Economy Sustainability to the Economic Security Threats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badri%20Gechbaia">Badri Gechbaia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adaptive management as a fundamental element of the concept of the assurance of economy`s sustainability to the economic security of the system-synergetic type has been considered. It has been proved that the adaptive sustainable development is a transitional phase from the extensive one and later on from the rapid growth to the sustainable development. It has been determined that the adaptive system of the strategic assurance of the sustainability of the economy to the economic security threats is formed on the principles of the domination in its complex of the subsystems with weightier adaptive characteristics that negate the destructive influence of external and internal environmental factors on the sustainability of the national economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20management" title="adaptive management">adaptive management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20properties" title=" adaptive properties"> adaptive properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20security" title=" economic security"> economic security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20assurance" title=" strategic assurance "> strategic assurance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35350/the-adaptive-properties-of-the-strategic-assurance-system-of-the-national-economy-sustainability-to-the-economic-security-threats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6830</span> Radical Islam and Transnational Security: West Africa and the Asia Pacific in View</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olumide%20A.%20Fafore">Olumide A. Fafore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khondlo%20Mtshali"> Khondlo Mtshali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The beginning of the 21st century saw the emergence of new and global threats to national and transnational security in West Africa and the Asia Pacific regions as a result of the spread of jihadist terrorism across borders, a manifestation of the rise of radical Islam. Extremist and armed Islamic movements influenced by Salafism, the Jihad in Afghanistan and the Muslim Brotherhood are prevalent in Northern Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Mali, Chad, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. Carrying out attacks across borders, including assassinations, murders, armed robberies, and kidnapping, assisted by open and porous borders and large flow of illegal immigrants across borders. This paper examines the effect of Radical Islam on Transnational security through a review of past literature and the social and security consequences on the people of the regions. Our findings indicate that the activities of armed Islamic movements such as Boko Haram, Ansaru and Al-Qaeda are having a negative impact on the economy, development, and security of the states and people of West Africa and the Asia Pacific. It stresses the importance of regional, transnational and international cooperation, as these threats to national and transnational security can no longer be solved in a national or regional framework. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20movements" title="Islamic movements">Islamic movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jihadist%20terrorism" title=" jihadist terrorism"> jihadist terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radical%20Islam" title=" radical Islam"> radical Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20security" title=" transnational security"> transnational security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102740/radical-islam-and-transnational-security-west-africa-and-the-asia-pacific-in-view" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6829</span> Innovative Technology to Sustain Food Security in Qatar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Abusin">Sana Abusin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food security in Qatar is a research priority of Qatar University (2021-2025) and all national strategies, including the Qatar National Vision 2030 and food security strategy (2018-2023). Achieving food security requires three actions: 1) transforming surplus food to those who are insecure; 2) reducing food loss and waste by recycling food into valuable resources such as compost (“green fertilizer”) that can be used in growing food; and, finally, 3) establishing strong enforcement agencies to protect consumers from outdated food and promote healthy food. Currently, these objectives are approached separately and not in a sustainable fashion. Food security in Qatar is a research priority of Qatar University (2021-2025) and all national strategies, including the Qatar National Vision 2030 and food security strategy (2018-2023). The study aims to develop an innovative mobile application that supports a sustainable solution to food insecurity and food waste in Qatar. The application will provide a common solution for many different users. For producers, it will facilitate easy disposal of excess food. For charities, it will notify them about surplus food ready for redistribution. The application will also benefit the second layer of end-users in the form of food recycling companies, who will receive information about available food waste that is unable to be consumed. We will use self-exoplanetary diagrams and digital pictures to show all the steps to the final stage. The aim is to motivate the young generation toward innovation and creation, and to encourage public-private collaboration in this sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title="food security">food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20technology" title=" innovative technology"> innovative technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20waste" title=" food waste"> food waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qatar" title=" Qatar"> Qatar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156901/innovative-technology-to-sustain-food-security-in-qatar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6828</span> Countering Terrorism and Defending Human Right after 9/11: The European Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Blagojevi%C4%87">Anita Blagojević</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that the terrorist attacks on the New York City and Washington, D.C. prompted unprecedented international action to enhance international cooperation in the prevention and suppression of terrorism. In the months (and years) after September 11, the world community focused on two main efforts: first, on efforts to bring those responsible for terrorist attacks to justice, and second, on efforts to prevent future terrorist attacks. In that sense, many governments took advantage of these efforts to strengthen their national security. In that process, however, human rights and civil liberties of certain groups of people were alleged. As a consequence, part of the price paid for protecting national security against terrorist attacks was the threat of infringement on people's fundamental rights and freedoms. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of the European Union and the Council of Europe in finding the answer to the one of the main security dilemma for the present era: how to find the balance between the protection of national security and guarantee of the people's rights and fundamental freedoms? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title="terrorism">terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiterrorism" title=" antiterrorism"> antiterrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Council%20of%20Europe" title=" Council of Europe"> Council of Europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22623/countering-terrorism-and-defending-human-right-after-911-the-european-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6827</span> Child Labour and the Challenges of National Security in Nigeria: A Study of Aba Urban, Abia State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anyaogu%20Paul">Anyaogu Paul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study examines the problem of child labour in respect to National security in Nigeria. The current situation reflects a chronic urban poverty, which can compel parents and guardians to send their children and wards of school age to engage in income yielding activities to augment family income. The study sought to explain the basis of child labour, its causes and its effects on its victim and society at large. A social survey research design was employed to select the respondents. A sample size of 250 respondents was selected from targeted population of children below the age of 18 years. A questionnaire instrument was employed to collect data. An accidental sampling technique was employed to select the respondents. The findings revealed that child labour is on the increase and a serious threat to national security and social cohesion. The study recommends that the Nigerian government should enforce the laws on child labour and provide opportunities for job creation for urban dwellers. More so, government should also provide free and compulsory education at primary and secondary school levels of education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20labour" title="child labour">child labour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20income" title=" family income"> family income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey%20research" title=" survey research"> survey research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35133/child-labour-and-the-challenges-of-national-security-in-nigeria-a-study-of-aba-urban-abia-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6826</span> A Framework for Security Risk Level Measures Using CVSS for Vulnerability Categories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umesh%20Kumar%20Singh">Umesh Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanchala%20Joshi"> Chanchala Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With increasing dependency on IT infrastructure, the main objective of a system administrator is to maintain a stable and secure network, with ensuring that the network is robust enough against malicious network users like attackers and intruders. Security risk management provides a way to manage the growing threats to infrastructures or system. This paper proposes a framework for risk level estimation which uses vulnerability database National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Vulnerability Database (NVD) and the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). The proposed framework measures the frequency of vulnerability exploitation; converges this measured frequency with standard CVSS score and estimates the security risk level which helps in automated and reasonable security management. In this paper equation for the Temporal score calculation with respect to availability of remediation plan is derived and further, frequency of exploitation is calculated with determined temporal score. The frequency of exploitation along with CVSS score is used to calculate the security risk level of the system. The proposed framework uses the CVSS vectors for risk level estimation and measures the security level of specific network environment, which assists system administrator for assessment of security risks and making decision related to mitigation of security risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CVSS%20score" title="CVSS score">CVSS score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20level" title=" risk level"> risk level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20measurement" title=" security measurement"> security measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability%20category" title=" vulnerability category"> vulnerability category</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55675/a-framework-for-security-risk-level-measures-using-cvss-for-vulnerability-categories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6825</span> Security as Human Value: Issue of Human Rights in Indian Sub-Continental Operations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratyush%20Vatsala">Pratyush Vatsala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Ahuja"> Sanjay Ahuja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The national security and human rights are related terms as there is nothing like absolute security or absolute human right. If we are committed to security, human right is a problem and also a solution, and if we deliberate on human rights, security is a problem but also part of the solution. Ultimately, we have to maintain a balance between the two co-related terms. As more and more armed forces are being deployed by the government within the nation for maintaining peace and security, using force against its own citizen, the search for a judicious balance between intent and action needs to be emphasized. Notwithstanding that a nation state needs complete political independence; the search for security is a driving force behind unquestioned sovereignty. If security is a human value, it overlaps the value of freedom, order, and solidarity. Now, the question needs to be explored, to what extent human rights can be compromised in the name of security in Kashmir or Mizoram like places. The present study aims to explore the issue of maintaining a balance between the use of power and good governance as human rights, providing security as a human value. This paper has been prepared with an aim of strengthening the understanding of the complex and multifaceted relationship between human rights and security forces operating for conflict management and identifies some of the critical human rights issues raised in the context of security forces operations highlighting the relevant human rights principles and standards in which Security as human value be respected at all times and in particular in the context of security forces operations in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mizoram" title=" Mizoram"> Mizoram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value" title=" value"> value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20right" title=" human right"> human right</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63880/security-as-human-value-issue-of-human-rights-in-indian-sub-continental-operations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6824</span> Ethnic and National Determinants in the Process of Building Peace in Afghanistan After the Withdrawal of Western Forces in 2021</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%C5%82gorzata%20Cichy">Małgorzata Cichy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Afghanistan is a source of conflicts that affect security on a global scale. The role of ethnic and national determinants in the peacebuilding process in this country remains an extremely important factor in this respect. Research methods include literature and data analysis (scientific literature, documents of governmental and non-governmental organizations, statistical data and media reports), institutional and legal analysis, as well as decision-making method. The main objective of the research is a comprehensive answer to the question of how ethnic and national factors affect the process of building peace in Afghanistan after 2021 and what impact it has on international security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pashtuns" title=" pashtuns"> pashtuns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace" title=" peace"> peace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taliban" title=" taliban"> taliban</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170688/ethnic-and-national-determinants-in-the-process-of-building-peace-in-afghanistan-after-the-withdrawal-of-western-forces-in-2021" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn 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