CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Jacques Blamont - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d8f6553d-0138-4d77-8d29-1a8839345388","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Jacques_Blamont","wgTitle":"Jacques Blamont","wgCurRevisionId":1245490936,"wgRevisionId":1245490936,"wgArticleId":45605019,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from January 2020","Articles with permanently dead external links","Use dmy dates from April 2020","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles with hCards","Pages with French IPA","1926 births","2020 deaths","French astrophysicists","French science writers","Recipients of the Padma Shri in science \u0026 engineering","Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples", "Members of the French Academy of Sciences","Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy","Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences","20th-century French physicists","21st-century French physicists","20th-century French male writers","21st-century French male writers","20th-century French non-fiction writers","21st-century French non-fiction writers","French male non-fiction writers"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Jacques_Blamont","wgRelevantArticleId":45605019,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"}, "wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3158294","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Jacques_Blamont%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1698"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Jacques_Blamont%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1132"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="905"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Jacques Blamont - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Blamont"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Blamont"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Jacques_Blamont rootpage-Jacques_Blamont skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Jacques+Blamont" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Jacques+Blamont" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Jacques+Blamont" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Jacques+Blamont" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Awards and recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Award_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Award_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Award gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Award_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jacques Blamont</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Blamont" title="Jacques Blamont – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jacques Blamont" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="چاك بلامونت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چاك بلامونت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Blamont" title="Jacques Blamont – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jacques Blamont" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3158294#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Blamont" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Jacques_Blamont" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Blamont"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Blamont"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Jacques_Blamont" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Jacques_Blamont" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&oldid=1245490936" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Jacques_Blamont&id=1245490936&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJacques_Blamont"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJacques_Blamont"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Jacques_Blamont&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jacques_Blamont" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3158294" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French astrophysicist (1926–2020)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jacques Blamont</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_Blamont,_2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jacques_Blamont%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Jacques_Blamont%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jacques_Blamont%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Jacques_Blamont%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jacques_Blamont%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Jacques_Blamont%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="904" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jacques Émile Blamont</div><br />13 October 1926<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">13 April 2020<span style="display:none">(2020-04-13)</span> (aged 93)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tillon,_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Châtillon, Hauts-de-Seine">Châtillon</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Astrophysicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrophysicist">Astrophysicist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Aerospace programmes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Legion of Honour">Commander of the Legion of Honour</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Palmes_Acad%C3%A9miques" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordre des Palmes Académiques">Commander of the Academic Palms</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit</a><br />Rovel H. Prize<br /><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Cotton" title="Aimé Cotton">Aimé Cotton</a> Prize<br />Leon Grelaud Prize<br /><a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">CNES</a> Vermeil Medal<br /><a href="/wiki/Prix_Paul_Doistau%E2%80%93%C3%89mile_Blutet" title="Prix Paul Doistau–Émile Blutet">Prix Paul Doistau–Émile Blutet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President's</a> Silver Medal<br /><a href="/wiki/Daniel_and_Florence_Guggenheim_Foundation" title="Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Foundation">Daniel and Florence Guggenheim</a> Award<br /><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal<br /><a href="/wiki/USSR_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR Academy of Sciences">USSR Academy of Sciences</a> Gagarin Medal<br /><a href="/wiki/International_Academy_of_Astronautics" title="International Academy of Astronautics">IAA</a> Guggenheim Medal<br /><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Order_of_Friendship_of_Peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples">Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples</a><br /><a href="/wiki/International_Academy_of_Astronautics" title="International Academy of Astronautics">IAA</a> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_Karman_Medal" title="Theodore von Karman Medal">Theodore von Karman Medal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organization">ISRO</a> <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai" title="Vikram Sarabhai">Vikram Sarabhai</a> Medal<br /><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Guiana Space Center">Guiana Space Center</a> Gold Medal<br />Spie prize<br />French Roberval Prize<br /><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Optical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="International Society for Optical Engineering">ISOE</a> George N. Goddard Award<br /><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> Distinguished Service Medal<br />COSPAR Space Science Award</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jacques Émile Blamont</b> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʒak<span class="wrap"> </span>bla.mɔ̃]</a></span>; 13 October 1926 – 13 April 2020) was a French <a href="/wiki/Astrophysicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrophysicist">astrophysicist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Interview_de_Jacques_Blamont_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interview_de_Jacques_Blamont-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Interview_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interview-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> author and the founder scientific and technical director of <a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">National Centre for Space Studies</a> (CNES-Centre national d'études spatiales), known to have contributed to the development of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique_(rocket)" title="Véronique (rocket)">Veronique</a>, the first rocket launched by France in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Planetary_Society_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planetary_Society-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an elected fellow of the <a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Technologies" title="French Academy of Technologies">French Academy of Technologies</a><sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Fellow_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Fellow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a professor emeritus of the <a href="/wiki/Pierre_and_Marie_Curie_University" title="Pierre and Marie Curie University">Pierre and Marie Curie University</a> (University of Paris VI).<sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blamont was a recipient of several national honours such as <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Legion of Honour">Commander of the Legion of Honour</a>, the third highest French civilian honour, <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit</a>, the second highest French civilian honour, <a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Palmes_Acad%C3%A9miques" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordre des Palmes Académiques">Commander of the Academic Palms</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit</a>, the highest French civilian honour, <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President's</a> Silver Medal, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Order_of_Friendship_of_Peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples">Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a>, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Padma_Awards_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padma_Awards-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blamont died on 13 April 2020 in <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tillon,_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Châtillon, Hauts-de-Seine">Châtillon, Hauts-de-Seine</a>, aged 93.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jacques Blamont was born in Paris in France on 13 October 1926<sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and did his studies at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a><sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he came in contact with the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel laureate">Nobel laureate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a>, who was serving the institution as a professorial chair.<sup id="cite_ref-Kastler_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kastler-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a> in 1948<sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continued his studies at the <a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="National Centre for Scientific Research">National Centre for Scientific Research</a> (CNRS) as an associate of physical sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1952, he reunited with Alfred Kastler in research on <i>atomic coherence phenomenon</i> and secured his doctoral degree (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctor of Science</a>) under his guidance in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blamont continued at <a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a> for a year more as a research fellow<sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and joined the Aeronomy Service of the institution in 1957 where he became the deputy director in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1961, he was promoted as the director, a post he held till 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked in many capacities during his stay with CNES, as a Scientific and Technical Director (1962-1972), as Top Scientific Advisor (1972-1982) and as an advisor to the President of CNES<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-American_Philosophical_Society_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_Philosophical_Society-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, he served the <a href="/wiki/Pierre_and_Marie_Curie_University" title="Pierre and Marie Curie University">Pierre and Marie Curie University</a> as a professor without chair from 1957 to 1961, as a full professor from 1962 to 1996 and as a professor emeritus from there on.<sup id="cite_ref-Planetary_Society_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planetary_Society-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-American_Philosophical_Society_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_Philosophical_Society-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Academy_reference_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academy_reference-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also worked as a research director at <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Militaire" class="mw-redirect" title="École Militaire">École Militaire</a> (Joint Defence College).<sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was made the first <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai" title="Vikram Sarabhai">Vikram Sarabhai</a> professor at the <a href="/wiki/Physical_Research_Laboratory" title="Physical Research Laboratory">Physical Research Laboratory</a> in 1977,<sup id="cite_ref-Vikram_Professor_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vikram_Professor-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a visiting professor at the <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> in 1985 and a distinguished visiting scientist at <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> during 1980–2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a member of <a href="/wiki/International_Academy_of_Astronautics" title="International Academy of Astronautics">International Academy of Astronautics</a> (1969),<sup id="cite_ref-International_Academy_of_Astronautics_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Academy_of_Astronautics-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Science_Academy" title="Indian National Science Academy">Indian National Science Academy</a> (1978),<sup id="cite_ref-INSA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INSA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences,_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="National Academy of Sciences, USA">National Academy of Sciences, USA</a> (1980),<sup id="cite_ref-National_Academy_of_Sciences_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Academy_of_Sciences-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Air and Space Academy (1983),<sup id="cite_ref-Air_and_Space_Academy_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Air_and_Space_Academy-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Academia_Europaea" title="Academia Europaea">Academia Europaea</a> (1989),<sup id="cite_ref-Academia_Europaea_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academia_Europaea-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academy of Technology (2000), <a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">French Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-Academy_membership_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academy_membership-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-American_Philosophical_Society_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_Philosophical_Society-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(2002).<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a member of the advisory council of the Planetary Society.<sup id="cite_ref-Planetary_Society_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planetary_Society-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phobos_Marte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Phobos_Marte.jpg/150px-Phobos_Marte.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Phobos_Marte.jpg/225px-Phobos_Marte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Phobos_Marte.jpg/300px-Phobos_Marte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption>Phobos</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vega-mission.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vega-mission.jpg/150px-Vega-mission.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vega-mission.jpg/225px-Vega-mission.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vega-mission.jpg/300px-Vega-mission.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Vega mission</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helkivad_%C3%B6%C3%B6pilved_Kuresoo_kohal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Helkivad_%C3%B6%C3%B6pilved_Kuresoo_kohal.jpg/150px-Helkivad_%C3%B6%C3%B6pilved_Kuresoo_kohal.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Helkivad_%C3%B6%C3%B6pilved_Kuresoo_kohal.jpg/225px-Helkivad_%C3%B6%C3%B6pilved_Kuresoo_kohal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Helkivad_%C3%B6%C3%B6pilved_Kuresoo_kohal.jpg/300px-Helkivad_%C3%B6%C3%B6pilved_Kuresoo_kohal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3402" data-file-height="2261" /></a><figcaption>Noctilucent clouds</figcaption></figure> <p>Blamont was one of the pioneers of French space programme<sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his efforts were reported in the establishment of <a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">CNES</a>, the French Space Agency, in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-Planetary_Society_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planetary_Society-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was known to have contributed to the launch of the first French rocket, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique_(rocket)" title="Véronique (rocket)">Véronique</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-Planetary_Society_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planetary_Society-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of the founders of Service d’aéronomie du CNRS, (Aeronomy Service of <a href="/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique">Centre national de la recherche scientifique</a>) and was its director from 1958 to 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He participated, as a member of the steering groups,<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in several global space missions such as the <a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_project" title="Pioneer Venus project">Pioneer-Venus</a> of <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vega_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Vega mission">Vega mission</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> to <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet" title="Halley's Comet">Halley's Comet</a> and acted as the chief investigator of the <a href="/wiki/Phobos_program" title="Phobos program">Phobos program</a> of the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Planetary_Society_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planetary_Society-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-American_Philosophical_Society_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_Philosophical_Society-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He assisted <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai" title="Vikram Sarabhai">Vikram Sarabhai</a><sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the establishment of the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) which later grew to become the present day <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organization">Indian Space Research Organization</a> (ISRO)<sup id="cite_ref-The_Saga_of_Indian_Science_Since_Independence:_In_a_Nutshell_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Saga_of_Indian_Science_Since_Independence:_In_a_Nutshell-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and played a part in providing the payload for the first two Indian rocket launches in 1963 and 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blamont was credited with the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Turbopause" title="Turbopause">turbopause</a> in 1959, the <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_wind" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstellar wind">interstellar wind</a> in 1970, the <a href="/wiki/Stellar_structure" title="Stellar structure">hydrogen envelope</a> of comets in 1971 and the polar <a href="/wiki/Noctilucent_cloud" title="Noctilucent cloud">noctilucent clouds</a> in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was known to have made the measurement of the temperature of the neutral atmosphere from 100 to 500 km, the dynamic parameters of the <a href="/wiki/Mesopause" title="Mesopause">mesopause region</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Einstein%27s_general_relativity" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein's general relativity">Einstein's general relativity</a> <a href="/wiki/Redshift" title="Redshift">redshift</a> on the Sun for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the head of the group which introduced scientific ballooning and <a href="/wiki/Lidar" title="Lidar">Lidar</a> technology for atmospheric probing in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The image compression device developed by Blamont<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is in use with various space agencies for planetary missions around the Moon, Mars and <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also contributed to the establishment of a launch range, in <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Kourou, French Guiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blamont, besides writing several articles on science, authored four books,<sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-American_Philosophical_Society_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_Philosophical_Society-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNES_Bibliography_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNES_Bibliography-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> viz. <i>Vénus dévoilée, Voyage autour d'une planète</i> (Venus Unveiled – 1987),<sup id="cite_ref-Vénus_dévoilée._Voyage_autour_d'une_planète_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vénus_dévoilée._Voyage_autour_d'une_planète-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Le Chiffre et le Songe, Histoire politique de la découverte</i> (The Digit and the – 1993),<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Le_Chiffre_et_le_Songe,_Histoire_politique_de_la_découverte_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Le_Chiffre_et_le_Songe,_Histoire_politique_de_la_découverte-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Le Lion et le Moucheron, Histoire des Marranes de Toulouse</i> (The Lion and the Midge – 2000)<sup id="cite_ref-Le_Lion_et_le_Moucheron,_Histoire_des_Marranes_de_Toulouse_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Le_Lion_et_le_Moucheron,_Histoire_des_Marranes_de_Toulouse-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Introduction au Siècle des Menaces</i> (Introduction to the Age of Menaces – 2004).<sup id="cite_ref-Introduction_au_Siècle_des_Menaces_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction_au_Siècle_des_Menaces-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Introduction_to_the_century_threats_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction_to_the_century_threats-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also mentored 80 research scholars in their doctoral research.<sup id="cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blamont received three of the highest French civilian honours, <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Legion of Honour">Commander of the Legion of Honour</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit</a> apart from the honour of the <a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Palmes_Acad%C3%A9miques" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordre des Palmes Académiques">Commander of the Order of Academic Palms</a> and the Silver Medal from the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_french_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the french republic">President of the French Republic</a> in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Order_of_Friendship_of_Peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples">Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples</a> from the erstwhile <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1989<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian award of <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Padma_Awards_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padma_Awards-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a winner of NASA awards twice, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal in 1972<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> Distinguished Service Medal in 2000<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">French Academy of Sciences</a> honoured him two times, Leon Grelaud Prize in 1960 and <a href="/wiki/Prix_Paul_Doistau%E2%80%93%C3%89mile_Blutet" title="Prix Paul Doistau–Émile Blutet">Prix Paul Doistau–Émile Blutet</a> in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Sciences of the USSR">Academy of Sciences of the USSR</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organization">Indian Space Research Organization</a> awarded him the <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a> Medal in 1985<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai" title="Vikram Sarabhai">Vikram Sarabhai</a> Medal in 1994 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won three awards from the <a href="/wiki/International_Academy_of_Astronautics" title="International Academy of Astronautics">International Academy of Astronautics</a>, Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Award in 1967, Guggenheim Medal in 1986 and Von Karman Award in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a recipient of Rovel H. Prize from the Faculty of Paris in 1957, Aimé Cotton prize of the French Physical Society in 1960, <a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">CNES</a> Vermeil medal in 1967, Spie prize,<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French Roberval Prize in 1993,<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gold Medal of the Guiana Space Center in 1995, George N. Goddard Award from the <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Optical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="International Society for Optical Engineering">International Society for Optical Engineering</a> in 1997, <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Space_Research" title="Committee on Space Research">Committee on Space Research</a> (COSPAR) Space Science Award in 2004 <sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diploweb_6-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prix_International_d%27Astronautique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prix International d'Astronautique (page does not exist)">Prix International d'Astronautique</a> (International Astronautics Prize), formerly known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prix_REP-Hirsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prix REP-Hirsch (page does not exist)">Prix REP-Hirsch</a> in 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Award_gallery">Award gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Award gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Padma_Shri_India_IIIe_Klasse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Padma Shri India"><img alt="Padma Shri India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Padma_Shri_India_IIIe_Klasse.jpg/49px-Padma_Shri_India_IIIe_Klasse.jpg" decoding="async" width="49" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Padma_Shri_India_IIIe_Klasse.jpg/74px-Padma_Shri_India_IIIe_Klasse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Padma_Shri_India_IIIe_Klasse.jpg/99px-Padma_Shri_India_IIIe_Klasse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="131" data-file-height="317" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri India</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Commander of the Legion of Honour"><img alt="Commander of the Legion of Honour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/48px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/72px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/97px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="411" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Legion of Honour">Commander of the Legion of Honour</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A9rite_national_officier_FRANCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit"><img alt="Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/M%C3%A9rite_national_officier_FRANCE.jpg/43px-M%C3%A9rite_national_officier_FRANCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="43" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/M%C3%A9rite_national_officier_FRANCE.jpg/64px-M%C3%A9rite_national_officier_FRANCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/M%C3%A9rite_national_officier_FRANCE.jpg/86px-M%C3%A9rite_national_officier_FRANCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commandeur_de_l%27Ordre_des_Palmes_Acad%C3%A9miques_avers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commander of the Academic Palms"><img alt="Commander of the Academic Palms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Commandeur_de_l%27Ordre_des_Palmes_Acad%C3%A9miques_avers.jpg/61px-Commandeur_de_l%27Ordre_des_Palmes_Acad%C3%A9miques_avers.jpg" decoding="async" width="61" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Commandeur_de_l%27Ordre_des_Palmes_Acad%C3%A9miques_avers.jpg/92px-Commandeur_de_l%27Ordre_des_Palmes_Acad%C3%A9miques_avers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Commandeur_de_l%27Ordre_des_Palmes_Acad%C3%A9miques_avers.jpg/123px-Commandeur_de_l%27Ordre_des_Palmes_Acad%C3%A9miques_avers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="1089" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Palmes_Acad%C3%A9miques" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordre des Palmes Académiques">Commander of the Academic Palms</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand-Croix_de_l%27Ordre_National_du_Merite.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit"><img alt="Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Grand-Croix_de_l%27Ordre_National_du_Merite.jpg/60px-Grand-Croix_de_l%27Ordre_National_du_Merite.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Grand-Croix_de_l%27Ordre_National_du_Merite.jpg/91px-Grand-Croix_de_l%27Ordre_National_du_Merite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Grand-Croix_de_l%27Ordre_National_du_Merite.jpg/121px-Grand-Croix_de_l%27Ordre_National_du_Merite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="1236" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orden_De_La_Amistad_De_Los_Pueblos.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples"><img alt="Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Orden_De_La_Amistad_De_Los_Pueblos.png/59px-Orden_De_La_Amistad_De_Los_Pueblos.png" decoding="async" width="59" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Orden_De_La_Amistad_De_Los_Pueblos.png/88px-Orden_De_La_Amistad_De_Los_Pueblos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Orden_De_La_Amistad_De_Los_Pueblos.png/118px-Orden_De_La_Amistad_De_Los_Pueblos.png 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="1449" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friendship_of_Peoples" title="Order of Friendship of Peoples">Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalleft"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Interview_de_Jacques_Blamont-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Interview_de_Jacques_Blamont_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VUpicNBMzg">"Interview de Jacques Blamont"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> video</i>. Thinkerview. 30 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube+video&rft.atitle=Interview+de+Jacques+Blamont&rft.date=2013-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6VUpicNBMzg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interview-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Interview_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.automatesintelligents.com/interviews/2004/oct/blamont.html">"Interview with Jacques Blamont"</a>. Jean-Paul Baquiast and Christophe Jacquemin. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Jacques+Blamont&rft.pub=Jean-Paul+Baquiast+and+Christophe+Jacquemin&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.automatesintelligents.com%2Finterviews%2F2004%2Foct%2Fblamont.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Academy_of_Sciences_profile_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/BlamontJ_bio0909.pdf">"Royal Academy of Sciences profile"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Royal Academy of Sciences. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Academy+of+Sciences+profile&rft.pub=Royal+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academie-sciences.fr%2Facademie%2Fmembre%2FBlamontJ_bio0909.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Planetary_Society-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Planetary_Society_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planetary_Society_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planetary_Society_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planetary_Society_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planetary_Society_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planetary_Society_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetary.org/connect/our-experts/profiles/jacques-blamont.html">"Planetary Society"</a>. Planetary Society. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Planetary+Society&rft.pub=Planetary+Society&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetary.org%2Fconnect%2Four-experts%2Fprofiles%2Fjacques-blamont.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NATF_Fellow-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Fellow_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-technologies.fr/en/directories/B">"NATF Fellow"</a>. NATF. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NATF+Fellow&rft.pub=NATF&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academie-technologies.fr%2Fen%2Fdirectories%2FB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diploweb-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diploweb_6-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diploweb.com/_Jacques-BLAMONT_.html">"Diploweb"</a>. Diploweb. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diploweb&rft.pub=Diploweb&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diploweb.com%2F_Jacques-BLAMONT_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Padma_Awards-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Padma_Awards_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Padma_Awards_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150128022143/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952">"Padma Awards"</a>. Padma Awards. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952">the original</a> on 28 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Padma+Awards&rft.pub=Padma+Awards&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Fnewsite%2FPrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D114952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugereau2020" class="citation news cs1">Augereau, Jean-François (14 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2020/04/14/l-astrophysicien-jacques-blamont-un-des-peres-de-l-aventure-spatiale-francaise-est-mort_6036491_3382.html">"L'astrophysicien, Jacques Blamont, un des pères de l'aventure spatiale française, est mort"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=L%27astrophysicien%2C+Jacques+Blamont%2C+un+des+p%C3%A8res+de+l%27aventure+spatiale+fran%C3%A7aise%2C+est+mort&rft.date=2020-04-14&rft.aulast=Augereau&rft.aufirst=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fdisparitions%2Farticle%2F2020%2F04%2F14%2Fl-astrophysicien-jacques-blamont-un-des-peres-de-l-aventure-spatiale-francaise-est-mort_6036491_3382.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NATF_Profile-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATF_Profile_9-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-technologies.fr/en/members/152-jacques-blamont">"NATF Profile"</a>. NATF. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NATF+Profile&rft.pub=NATF&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academie-technologies.fr%2Fen%2Fmembers%2F152-jacques-blamont&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rise_of_the_West-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rise_of_the_West_10-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riseofthewest.net/thinkers/blamont01.htm">"Rise of the West"</a>. Rise of the West. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rise+of+the+West&rft.pub=Rise+of+the+West&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riseofthewest.net%2Fthinkers%2Fblamont01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kastler-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kastler_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobel-winners.com/Physics/alfred_kastler.html">"Kastler"</a>. Nobelwinners.com. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kastler&rft.pub=Nobelwinners.com&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobel-winners.com%2FPhysics%2Falfred_kastler.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_Philosophical_Society-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-American_Philosophical_Society_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-American_Philosophical_Society_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-American_Philosophical_Society_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-American_Philosophical_Society_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-American_Philosophical_Society_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Blamont&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"American Philosophical Society"</a>. American Philosophical Society. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DBlamont%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Academy_reference-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Academy_reference_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150505/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/Blamont_Jacques.htm">"Academy reference"</a>. Academy of Sciences. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/Blamont_Jacques.htm">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academy+reference&rft.pub=Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academie-sciences.fr%2Facademie%2Fmembre%2FBlamont_Jacques.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vikram_Professor-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vikram_Professor_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prl.res.in/prl-eng/vikram_professor">"Vikram Professor"</a>. Physical Research Laboratory. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vikram+Professor&rft.pub=Physical+Research+Laboratory&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prl.res.in%2Fprl-eng%2Fvikram_professor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-International_Academy_of_Astronautics-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-International_Academy_of_Astronautics_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iaaweb.org/content/view/234/362/">"International Academy of Astronautics"</a>. International Academy of Astronautics. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Academy+of+Astronautics&rft.pub=International+Academy+of+Astronautics&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiaaweb.org%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F234%2F362%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INSA-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-INSA_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402170014/http://www.insaindia.org/detailforeign.php?id=9">"INSA"</a>. Indian National Science Academy. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insaindia.org/detailforeign.php?id=9">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INSA&rft.pub=Indian+National+Science+Academy&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insaindia.org%2Fdetailforeign.php%3Fid%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Academy_of_Sciences-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-National_Academy_of_Sciences_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/?q=&site=nas_members&client=nas_members&proxystylesheet=nas_members&output=xml_no_dtd&filter=0&GSAhost=search.nationalacademies.org&unitsite=nas_members&unitname=NAS+Member+Directory&theme=gray&requestencoding=utf-8&s=&access=p&entqr=3&getfields=member_institution.member_section.member_secondary.member_fullname.member_lastname.member_firstname.member_date_of_birth.member_date_of_death.member_photopath&ie=UTF-8&ip=144.171.1.33&num=15&oe=UTF-8&requiredfields=(member_alphaname:B)&sort=meta:feedsort::ED&ud=1&ulang=&entqrm=0&wc=200&wc_mc=1&jsonp=jsonp1425711080546&start=120">"National Academy of Sciences"</a>. National Academy of Sciences, USA. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2F%3Fq%3D%26site%3Dnas_members%26client%3Dnas_members%26proxystylesheet%3Dnas_members%26output%3Dxml_no_dtd%26filter%3D0%26GSAhost%3Dsearch.nationalacademies.org%26unitsite%3Dnas_members%26unitname%3DNAS%2BMember%2BDirectory%26theme%3Dgray%26requestencoding%3Dutf-8%26s%3D%26access%3Dp%26entqr%3D3%26getfields%3Dmember_institution.member_section.member_secondary.member_fullname.member_lastname.member_firstname.member_date_of_birth.member_date_of_death.member_photopath%26ie%3DUTF-8%26ip%3D144.171.1.33%26num%3D15%26oe%3DUTF-8%26requiredfields%3D%28member_alphaname%3AB%29%26sort%3Dmeta%3Afeedsort%3A%3AED%26ud%3D1%26ulang%3D%26entqrm%3D0%26wc%3D200%26wc_mc%3D1%26jsonp%3Djsonp1425711080546%26start%3D120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Air_and_Space_Academy-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Air_and_Space_Academy_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-air-espace.com/mship/newlist.php?pageNum_results=2&totalRows_results=333">"Air and Space Academy"</a>. Air and Space Academy. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Air+and+Space+Academy&rft.pub=Air+and+Space+Academy&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academie-air-espace.com%2Fmship%2Fnewlist.php%3FpageNum_results%3D2%26totalRows_results%3D333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Academia_Europaea-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Academia_Europaea_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ae-info.org/ae/User/Blamont_Jacques">"Academia Europaea"</a>. Academia Europaea. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academia+Europaea&rft.pub=Academia+Europaea&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ae-info.org%2Fae%2FUser%2FBlamont_Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Academy_membership-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Academy_membership_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150302075311/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/section_su.htm">"Academy membership"</a>. Academy of Sciences. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/section_su.htm">the original</a> on 2 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academy+membership&rft.pub=Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academie-sciences.fr%2Facademie%2Fmembre%2Fsection_su.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Saga_of_Indian_Science_Since_Independence:_In_a_Nutshell-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Saga_of_Indian_Science_Since_Independence:_In_a_Nutshell_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandana_Chakrabarti,_Pushpa_M._Bhargava2003" class="citation book cs1">Chandana Chakrabarti, Pushpa M. Bhargava (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g7crHmSeI5kC&pg=PA39"><i>The Saga of Indian Science Since Independence: In a Nutshell</i></a>. Universities Press. p. 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788173714351" title="Special:BookSources/9788173714351"><bdi>9788173714351</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saga+of+Indian+Science+Since+Independence%3A+In+a+Nutshell&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Universities+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9788173714351&rft.au=Chandana+Chakrabarti%2C+Pushpa+M.+Bhargava&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg7crHmSeI5kC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNES_Bibliography-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNES_Bibliography_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnes.fr/web/CNES-fr/4304-jacques-blamont-le-chiffre-et-le-songe.php">"CNES Bibliography"</a>. CNES. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CNES+Bibliography&rft.pub=CNES&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnes.fr%2Fweb%2FCNES-fr%2F4304-jacques-blamont-le-chiffre-et-le-songe.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vénus_dévoilée._Voyage_autour_d'une_planète-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vénus_dévoilée._Voyage_autour_d'une_planète_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Blamont1987" class="citation book cs1">Jacques Blamont (1987). <i>Vénus dévoilée. Voyage autour d'une planète</i>. Broché. p. 367. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2020096430" title="Special:BookSources/978-2020096430"><bdi>978-2020096430</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V%C3%A9nus+d%C3%A9voil%C3%A9e.+Voyage+autour+d%27une+plan%C3%A8te&rft.pages=367&rft.pub=Broch%C3%A9&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-2020096430&rft.au=Jacques+Blamont&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Le_Chiffre_et_le_Songe,_Histoire_politique_de_la_découverte-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Le_Chiffre_et_le_Songe,_Histoire_politique_de_la_découverte_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Blamont1993" class="citation book cs1">Jacques Blamont (1993). <i>Le Chiffre et le Songe, Histoire politique de la découverte</i>. Relié. p. 941. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2738101938" title="Special:BookSources/978-2738101938"><bdi>978-2738101938</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Chiffre+et+le+Songe%2C+Histoire+politique+de+la+d%C3%A9couverte&rft.pages=941&rft.pub=Reli%C3%A9&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-2738101938&rft.au=Jacques+Blamont&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Le_Lion_et_le_Moucheron,_Histoire_des_Marranes_de_Toulouse-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Le_Lion_et_le_Moucheron,_Histoire_des_Marranes_de_Toulouse_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Blamont2000" class="citation book cs1">Jacques Blamont (2000). <i>Le Lion et le Moucheron, Histoire des Marranes de Toulouse</i>. Le Grand Livre Du Mois. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2702853054" title="Special:BookSources/978-2702853054"><bdi>978-2702853054</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Lion+et+le+Moucheron%2C+Histoire+des+Marranes+de+Toulouse&rft.pub=Le+Grand+Livre+Du+Mois&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-2702853054&rft.au=Jacques+Blamont&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Introduction_au_Siècle_des_Menaces-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Introduction_au_Siècle_des_Menaces_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Blamont2004" class="citation book cs1">Jacques Blamont (2004). <i>Introduction au Siècle des Menaces</i>. Broché. p. 560. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2738114099" title="Special:BookSources/978-2738114099"><bdi>978-2738114099</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+au+Si%C3%A8cle+des+Menaces&rft.pages=560&rft.pub=Broch%C3%A9&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-2738114099&rft.au=Jacques+Blamont&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Introduction_to_the_century_threats-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Introduction_to_the_century_threats_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.automatesintelligents.com/biblionet/2004/sep/blamont.html">"Introduction to the century threats"</a>. Automates Intelligents. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+century+threats&rft.pub=Automates+Intelligents&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.automatesintelligents.com%2Fbiblionet%2F2004%2Fsep%2Fblamont.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Blamont1987" class="citation book cs1">Jacques Blamont (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odilejacob.fr/catalogue/sciences/astronomie-astrophysique-cosmologie/venus-devoilee_9782020096430.php"><i>Vénus dévoilée. Voyage autour d'une planète</i></a>. Odile Jacob. p. 367. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2020096430" title="Special:BookSources/978-2020096430"><bdi>978-2020096430</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V%C3%A9nus+d%C3%A9voil%C3%A9e.+Voyage+autour+d%27une+plan%C3%A8te&rft.pages=367&rft.pub=Odile+Jacob&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-2020096430&rft.au=Jacques+Blamont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odilejacob.fr%2Fcatalogue%2Fsciences%2Fastronomie-astrophysique-cosmologie%2Fvenus-devoilee_9782020096430.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Blamont1993" class="citation book cs1">Jacques Blamont (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odilejacob.fr/catalogue/sciences-humaines/epistemologie-histoire-des-sciences/chiffre-et-le-songe_9782738143105.php"><i>Le Chiffre et le Songe. Histoire politique de la découverte</i></a>. Odile Jacob. p. 941. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2738101938" title="Special:BookSources/978-2738101938"><bdi>978-2738101938</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Chiffre+et+le+Songe.+Histoire+politique+de+la+d%C3%A9couverte&rft.pages=941&rft.pub=Odile+Jacob&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-2738101938&rft.au=Jacques+Blamont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odilejacob.fr%2Fcatalogue%2Fsciences-humaines%2Fepistemologie-histoire-des-sciences%2Fchiffre-et-le-songe_9782738143105.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Blamont2000" class="citation book cs1">Jacques Blamont (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odilejacob.fr/catalogue/histoire-et-geopolitique/histoire/lion-et-le-moucheron_9782738107770.php"><i>Le Lion et le Moucheron. Histoire des Marranes de Toulouse</i></a>. Le Grand Livre du Mois. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2702853054" title="Special:BookSources/978-2702853054"><bdi>978-2702853054</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Lion+et+le+Moucheron.+Histoire+des+Marranes+de+Toulouse&rft.pub=Le+Grand+Livre+du+Mois&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-2702853054&rft.au=Jacques+Blamont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odilejacob.fr%2Fcatalogue%2Fhistoire-et-geopolitique%2Fhistoire%2Flion-et-le-moucheron_9782738107770.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Blamont2004" class="citation book cs1">Jacques Blamont (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odilejacob.fr/catalogue/sciences/introduction-au-siecle-des-menaces_9782738114099.php"><i>Introduction au Siècle des Menaces</i></a>. Odile Jacob. p. 560. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2738114099" title="Special:BookSources/978-2738114099"><bdi>978-2738114099</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+au+Si%C3%A8cle+des+Menaces&rft.pages=560&rft.pub=Odile+Jacob&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-2738114099&rft.au=Jacques+Blamont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odilejacob.fr%2Fcatalogue%2Fsciences%2Fintroduction-au-siecle-des-menaces_9782738114099.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Blamont2009" class="citation book cs1">Jacques Blamont (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odilejacob.fr/catalogue/histoire-et-geopolitique/geopolitique-et-strategie/-leve-toi-et-marche-_9782738122407.php"><i>" Lève-toi et marche ". Propositions pour un futur de l'humanité</i></a>. Odile Jacob. p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2738122407" title="Special:BookSources/978-2738122407"><bdi>978-2738122407</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22+L%C3%A8ve-toi+et+marche+%22.+Propositions+pour+un+futur+de+l%27humanit%C3%A9&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=Odile+Jacob&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-2738122407&rft.au=Jacques+Blamont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odilejacob.fr%2Fcatalogue%2Fhistoire-et-geopolitique%2Fgeopolitique-et-strategie%2F-leve-toi-et-marche-_9782738122407.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.automatesintelligents.com/biblionet/2004/sep/blamont.html">"Introduction to the Century Threats - Review"</a>. Automates Intelligents. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Century+Threats+-+Review&rft.pub=Automates+Intelligents&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.automatesintelligents.com%2Fbiblionet%2F2004%2Fsep%2Fblamont.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Blamont2018" class="citation book cs1">Jacques Blamont (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrseditions.fr/sciences/7689-reseaux-.html?search_query=reseau&results=126"><i>Réseaux ! Le pari de l'intelligence collective</i></a>. CNRS Éditions. p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2738122407" title="Special:BookSources/978-2738122407"><bdi>978-2738122407</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9seaux+%21+Le+pari+de+l%27intelligence+collective&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=CNRS+%C3%89ditions&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-2738122407&rft.au=Jacques+Blamont&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnrseditions.fr%2Fsciences%2F7689-reseaux-.html%3Fsearch_query%3Dreseau%26results%3D126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rinasherman.com/film/VOICES/JacquesBlamont/JacquesBlamont.html">"Jacques Blamont, l'action, sœur du rêve / Rina Sherman, cinéportrait, Vidéo (4K), 93 min, 2020"</a>. k éditeur.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jacques+Blamont%2C+l%27action%2C+s%C5%93ur+du+r%C3%AAve+%2F+Rina+Sherman%2C+cin%C3%A9portrait%2C+Vid%C3%A9o+%284K%29%2C+93+min%2C+2020&rft.pub=k+%C3%A9diteur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frinasherman.com%2Ffilm%2FVOICES%2FJacquesBlamont%2FJacquesBlamont.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VUpicNBMzg">"Interview de Jacques Blamont"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> video</i>. Thinkerview. 30 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube+video&rft.atitle=Interview+de+Jacques+Blamont&rft.date=2013-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6VUpicNBMzg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.automatesintelligents.com/interviews/2004/oct/blamont.html">"Interview with Jacques Blamont"</a>. Jean-Paul Baquiast and Christophe Jacquemin. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Jacques+Blamont&rft.pub=Jean-Paul+Baquiast+and+Christophe+Jacquemin&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.automatesintelligents.com%2Finterviews%2F2004%2Foct%2Fblamont.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Blamont" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3158294#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3158294#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3158294#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000032116068">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/73880891">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvXdrWkChxRKxFXtQjXBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1194722946">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87142771">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12094567x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12094567x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p145754626">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258601205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029286905">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_Padma_Shri_in_Science_&amp;_Engineering" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Science_%26_Engineering" title="Template:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Science_%26_Engineering" title="Template talk:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Science_%26_Engineering" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_Padma_Shri_in_Science_&amp;_Engineering" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> in Science & Engineering</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kshitish_Ranjan_Chakravorty" title="Kshitish Ranjan Chakravorty">Kshitish Ranjan Chakravorty</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Rahman_(architect)" title="Habib Rahman (architect)">Habib Rahman</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxman_Mahadeo_Chitale" title="Laxman Mahadeo Chitale">Laxman Mahadeo Chitale</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prakash_Gehlote" title="Ram Prakash Gehlote">Ram Prakash Gehlote</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaswami_Ramiah" title="Krishnaswami Ramiah">Krishnaswami Ramiah</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Raj_Nijhawan" title="Bal Raj Nijhawan">Bal Raj Nijhawan</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Peary_Pal" title="Benjamin Peary Pal">Benjamin Peary Pal</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navalpakkam_Parthasarthy" title="Navalpakkam Parthasarthy">Navalpakkam Parthasarthy</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendranath_Kar" title="Surendranath Kar">Surendranath Kar</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Mathur" title="Om Prakash Mathur">Om Prakash Mathur</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Sethna" title="Homi Sethna">Homi Sethna</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumar_Das" title="Anil Kumar Das">Anil Kumar Das</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._S._Rao" title="A. S. Rao">A. S. Rao</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._K._Menon" title="M. G. K. Menon">M. G. K. Menon</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm_Prakash" title="Brahm Prakash">Brahm Prakash</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Mohan_Suri" title="Man Mohan Suri">Man Mohan Suri</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramananda_Acharya" title="Paramananda Acharya">Paramananda Acharya</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Madav_Ghatage" title="Vishnu Madav Ghatage">Vishnu Madav Ghatage</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan" title="Satish Dhawan">Satish Dhawan</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maganbhai_Ramchhodbhai_Patel" title="Maganbhai Ramchhodbhai Patel">Maganbhai Ramchhodbhai Patel</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermenegild_Santapau" title="Hermenegild Santapau">Hermenegild Santapau</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">M. S. Swaminathan</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guduru_Venkatachalam" title="Guduru Venkatachalam">Guduru Venkatachalam</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ramanna" title="Raja Ramanna">Raja Ramanna</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautam_Bhatt" title="Nautam Bhatt">Nautam Bhatt</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrik_Singh_Cheema" title="Amrik Singh Cheema">Amrik Singh Cheema</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Mahalingam" title="T. V. Mahalingam">T. V. Mahalingam</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P._R._Pisharoty" title="P. R. Pisharoty">P. R. Pisharoty</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Lal_Dhar" title="Moti Lal Dhar">Moti Lal Dhar</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafar_Futehally" title="Zafar Futehally">Zafar Futehally</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Lal" title="Devendra Lal">Devendra Lal</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Correa" title="Charles Correa">Charles Correa</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Kesava_Panikkar" title="N. Kesava Panikkar">N. Kesava Panikkar</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Swarup" title="Govind Swarup">Govind Swarup</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyut_Kanvinde" title="Achyut Kanvinde">Achyut Kanvinde</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suchitra_Mitra" title="Suchitra Mitra">Suchitra Mitra</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao">C. N. R. Rao</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Rao_Valluri" title="Sitaram Rao Valluri">Sitaram Rao Valluri</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagopala_Chidambaram" title="Rajagopala Chidambaram">Rajagopala Chidambaram</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shambhu_Dayal_Sinvhal" title="Shambhu Dayal Sinvhal">Shambhu Dayal Sinvhal</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Deodhar" title="B. R. Deodhar">B. R. Deodhar</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._V._Doshi" title="B. V. Doshi">B. V. Doshi</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmaram_Bhairav_Joshi" title="Atmaram Bhairav Joshi">Atmaram Bhairav Joshi</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaki_Ammal" title="Janaki Ammal">Janaki Ammal</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugal_Kishore_Choudhury" class="mw-redirect" title="Jugal Kishore Choudhury">Jugal Kishore Choudhury</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Kumar_Jena" title="Prafulla Kumar Jena">Prafulla Kumar Jena</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwa_Gopal_Jhingran" title="Vishwa Gopal Jhingran">Vishwa Gopal Jhingran</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibte_Hasan_Zaidi" title="Sibte Hasan Zaidi">Sibte Hasan Zaidi</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Krishan_Jain" title="Hari Krishan Jain">Hari Krishan Jain</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurcharan_Singh_Kalkat" title="Gurcharan Singh Kalkat">Gurcharan Singh Kalkat</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkar_G._Kelkar" title="Dinkar G. Kelkar">Dinkar Gangadhar Kelkar</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaswamy_Kasturirangan" title="Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan">Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Prakash" title="Satya Prakash">Satya Prakash</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Narayana_Rao" title="V. Narayana Rao">V. Narayana Rao</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saroj_Raj_Choudhury" title="Saroj Raj Choudhury">Saroj Raj Choudhury</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasiem_Siddiquie" title="Hassan Nasiem Siddiquie">Hassan Nasiem Siddiquie</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Ren%C3%A9e_Cura" title="María Renée Cura">María Renée Cura</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Gowarikar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasant Gowarikar">Vasant Gowarikar</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Kale" title="Pramod Kale">Pramod Kale</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilamber_Pant" title="Nilamber Pant">Nilamber Pant</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myneni_Hariprasada_Rao" title="Myneni Hariprasada Rao">Myneni Hariprasada Rao</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._R._Srinivasan" title="M. R. Srinivasan">M. R. Srinivasan</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predhiman_Krishan_Kaw" title="Predhiman Krishan Kaw">Predhiman Krishan Kaw</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._S._Rao" title="P. V. S. Rao">P. V. S. Rao</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadas_P._Shenoy" title="Ramadas P. Shenoy">Ramadas P. Shenoy</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saroj_Ghose" title="Saroj Ghose">Saroj Ghose</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palle_Rama_Rao" title="Palle Rama Rao">Palle Rama Rao</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Narain_Agarwal" title="Ram Narain Agarwal">Ram Narain Agarwal</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Baker" title="Laurie Baker">Laurie Baker</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._R._Kurup" title="M. R. Kurup">M. R. Kurup</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_Bakshi" title="Rakesh Bakshi">Rakesh Bakshi</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._L._Deekshatulu" title="B. L. Deekshatulu">B. L. Deekshatulu</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Kumar_Gupta" title="Narinder Kumar Gupta">Narinder Kumar Gupta</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Joshi" title="Shri Krishna Joshi">Shri Krishna Joshi</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Anant_Mashelkar" title="Raghunath Anant Mashelkar">Raghunath Anant Mashelkar</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govindarajan_Padmanaban" title="Govindarajan Padmanaban">Govindarajan Padmanaban</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Puttaiya_Radhakrishna" title="Bangalore Puttaiya Radhakrishna">Bangalore Puttaiya Radhakrishna</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Rama_Rao" title="A. V. Rama Rao">A. V. Rama Rao</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganeshan_Venkataraman" title="Ganeshan Venkataraman">Ganeshan Venkataraman</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhava_Ashish" title="Madhava Ashish">Madhava Ashish</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._S._Venkataraman" title="G. S. Venkataraman">G. S. Venkataraman</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailash_Sankhala" title="Kailash Sankhala">Kailash Sankhala</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_Prakash_Sharma" title="Vinod Prakash Sharma">Vinod Prakash Sharma</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Allen_Stein" title="Joseph Allen Stein">Joseph Allen Stein</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Attavar" title="Manmohan Attavar">Manmohan Attavar</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyambada_Mohanty_Hejmadi" title="Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi">Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kakodkar" title="Anil Kakodkar">Anil Kakodkar</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya_Narayan_Purohit" title="Aditya Narayan Purohit">Aditya Narayan Purohit</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Saraswat" title="V. K. Saraswat">V. K. Saraswat</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asis_Datta" title="Asis Datta">Asis Datta</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Nath" title="Indira Nath">Indira Nath</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Ramakumar" title="M. S. Ramakumar">M. S. Ramakumar</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._V._Rao" title="M. V. Rao">M. V. Rao</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._K._Sikka" title="S. K. Sikka">S. K. Sikka</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_P._Bhatkar" title="Vijay P. Bhatkar">Vijay P. Bhatkar</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._D._Bhawalkar" title="D. D. Bhawalkar">D. D. Bhawalkar</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdev_Khush" title="Gurdev Khush">Gurdev Khush</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasu_Ram_Mishra" title="Parasu Ram Mishra">Parasu Ram Mishra</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandip_Kumar_Basu" title="Sandip Kumar Basu">Sandip Kumar Basu</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisweswar_Bhattacharjee" title="Bisweswar Bhattacharjee">Bisweswar Bhattacharjee</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Chaturvedi" title="V. K. Chaturvedi">V. K. Chaturvedi</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketayun_Ardeshir_Dinshaw" title="Ketayun Ardeshir Dinshaw">Ketayun Ardeshir Dinshaw</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Shanker_Goel" title="Prem Shanker Goel">Prem Shanker Goel</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goverdhan_Mehta" title="Goverdhan Mehta">Goverdhan Mehta</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._G._Krishnadas_Nair" title="C. G. Krishnadas Nair">C. G. Krishnadas Nair</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Raghunathan" title="M. S. Raghunathan">M. S. Raghunathan</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjaya_Rajaram" title="Sanjaya Rajaram">Sanjaya Rajaram</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Ramakrishnan" title="T. V. Ramakrishnan">T. V. Ramakrishnan</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumalachari_Ramasami" title="Thirumalachari Ramasami">Thirumalachari Ramasami</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasika_Durga_Prasada_Rao" title="Dasika Durga Prasada Rao">Dasika Durga Prasada Rao</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ratnasamy" title="Paul Ratnasamy">Paul Ratnasamy</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoke_Sen" title="Ashoke Sen">Ashoke Sen</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikash_Sinha" title="Bikash Sinha">Bikash Sinha</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhas_Pandurang_Sukhatme" title="Suhas Pandurang Sukhatme">Suhas Pandurang Sukhatme</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._S._Arya" title="A. S. Arya">A. S. Arya</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayanaswamy_Balakrishnan" title="Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan">Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabhan_Balaram" title="Padmanabhan Balaram">Padmanabhan Balaram</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorairajan_Balasubramanian" title="Dorairajan Balasubramanian">Dorairajan Balasubramanian</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanath_Cowsik" title="Ramanath Cowsik">Ramanath Cowsik</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanyamoy_Ganguly" title="Chaitanyamoy Ganguly">Chaitanyamoy Ganguly</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Harinarayana" title="Kota Harinarayana">Kota Harinarayana</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Jhunjhunwala" title="Ashok Jhunjhunwala">Ashok Jhunjhunwala</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitav_Malik" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitav Malik">Amitav Malik</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katuru_Narayana" title="Katuru Narayana">Katuru Narayana</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Sivathanu_Pillai" title="A. Sivathanu Pillai">A. Sivathanu Pillai</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._V._Subba_Rao_(scientist)" title="I. V. Subba Rao (scientist)">I. V. Subba Rao</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._N._Suresh" title="B. N. Suresh">B. N. Suresh</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asok_Kumar_Barua" title="Asok Kumar Barua">Asok Kumar Barua</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivram_Bhoje" title="Shivram Bhoje">Shivram Bhoje</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Bhagwan_Chaudhary" title="Jai Bhagwan Chaudhary">Jai Bhagwan Chaudhary</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvagya_Singh_Katiyar" title="Sarvagya Singh Katiyar">Sarvagya Singh Katiyar</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyan_Chandra_Mishra" title="Gyan Chandra Mishra">Gyan Chandra Mishra</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Pal_Mittal" title="Jai Pal Mittal">Jai Pal Mittal</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundaram_Ramakrishnan" title="Sundaram Ramakrishnan">Sundaram Ramakrishnan</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baburao_Govindrao_Shirke" title="Baburao Govindrao Shirke">Baburao Govindrao Shirke</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Singh_Sodha" title="Mahendra Singh Sodha">Mahendra Singh Sodha</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarajan_Vedachalam" title="Nagarajan Vedachalam">Nagarajan Vedachalam</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Kumar_Kaura" title="Satish Kumar Kaura">Satish Kumar Kaura</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalini_Ranjan_Mohanty" title="Nalini Ranjan Mohanty">Nalini Ranjan Mohanty</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Prahlad" title="T. S. Prahlad">T. S. Prahlad</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishweshwaraiah_Prakash" title="Vishweshwaraiah Prakash">Vishweshwaraiah Prakash</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._N._Shankara" title="K. N. Shankara">K. N. Shankara</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalji_Singh" title="Lalji Singh">Lalji Singh</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajpal_Singh_Sirohi" title="Rajpal Singh Sirohi">Rajpal Singh Sirohi</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Vijayan" title="M. Vijayan">M. Vijayan</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipankar_Banerjee_(metallurgist)" title="Dipankar Banerjee (metallurgist)">Dipankar Banerjee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikumar_Banerjee" title="Srikumar Banerjee">Srikumar Banerjee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banwari_Lal_Chouksey" title="Banwari Lal Chouksey">Banwari Lal Chouksey</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavatula_Dattaguru" title="Bhagavatula Dattaguru">Bhagavatula Dattaguru</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasudevan_Gnana_Gandhi" title="Vasudevan Gnana Gandhi">Vasudevan Gnana Gandhi</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Sudan_Kanungo" title="Madhu Sudan Kanungo">Madhu Sudan Kanungo</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Mahadevappa" title="M. Mahadevappa">M. Mahadevappa</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandran_Balasubramanian" title="Ramachandran Balasubramanian">Ramachandran Balasubramanian</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_Gupta" title="Harsh Gupta">Harsh Gupta</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyed_E._Hasnain" title="Seyed E. Hasnain">Seyed E. Hasnain</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Kumar_(physicist)" title="Narendra Kumar (physicist)">Narendra Kumar</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._V._Nimbkar" title="B. V. Nimbkar">B. V. Nimbkar</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminathan_Sivaram" title="Swaminathan Sivaram">Swaminathan Sivaram</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thekkethil_Kochandy_Alex" class="mw-redirect" title="Thekkethil Kochandy Alex">Thekkethil Kochandy Alex</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabi_Narayan_Bastia" title="Rabi Narayan Bastia">Rabi Narayan Bastia</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_K._Biswas" title="Dilip K. Biswas">Dilip K. Biswas</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Mohan_Chakrabarty" title="Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty">Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiran_Karnik" title="Kiran Karnik">Kiran Karnik</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanu_Padmanabhan" title="Thanu Padmanabhan">Thanu Padmanabhan</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldev_Raj" title="Baldev Raj">Baldev Raj</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhir_Kumar_Sopory" title="Sudhir Kumar Sopory">Sudhir Kumar Sopory</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadg_Singh_Valdiya" title="Khadg Singh Valdiya">Khadg Singh Valdiya</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasturi_Lal_Chopra" title="Kasturi Lal Chopra">Kasturi Lal Chopra</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Hulse" title="Joseph H. Hulse">Joseph H. Hulse</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavarlal_Jain" title="Bhavarlal Jain">Bhavarlal Jain</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleem_Ullah_Khan" title="Kaleem Ullah Khan">Kaleem Ullah Khan</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Singh_Virmani" title="Sant Singh Virmani">Sant Singh Virmani</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Tandon" title="Pramod Tandon">Pramod Tandon</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goriparthi_Narasimha_Raju_Yadav" title="Goriparthi Narasimha Raju Yadav">Goriparthi Narasimha Raju Yadav</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Prasad_Dimri" title="Vijay Prasad Dimri">Vijay Prasad Dimri</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pucadyil_Ittoop_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Pucadyil Ittoop John">Pucadyil Ittoop John</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palpu_Pushpangadan" title="Palpu Pushpangadan">Palpu Pushpangadan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._R._S._Rao" title="M. R. S. Rao">M. R. S. Rao</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayalakshmi_Ravindranath" title="Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath">Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponisseril_Somasundaran" title="Ponisseril Somasundaran">Ponisseril Somasundaran</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Annamalai_(scientist)" title="M. Annamalai (scientist)">M. Annamalai</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moni_Lal_Bhoumik" class="mw-redirect" title="Moni Lal Bhoumik">Moni Lal Bhoumik</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore_Narayana_Rao_Raghavendran" title="Coimbatore Narayana Rao Raghavendran">Coimbatore Narayana Rao Raghavendran</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suman_Sahai" title="Suman Sahai">Suman Sahai</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Shankar" title="G. Shankar">G. Shankar</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._A._Siddiq" title="E. A. Siddiq">E. A. Siddiq</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subra_Suresh" title="Subra Suresh">Subra Suresh</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Adimurthy" title="V. Adimurthy">V. Adimurthy</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameshwar_Nath_Koul_Bamezai" title="Rameshwar Nath Koul Bamezai">Rameshwar Nath Koul Bamezai</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Lal_Chadha" title="Krishna Lal Chadha">Krishna Lal Chadha</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virander_Singh_Chauhan" title="Virander Singh Chauhan">Virander Singh Chauhan</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._S._Rajan" title="Y. S. Rajan">Y. S. Rajan</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla" title="Jagadish Shukla">Jagadish Shukla</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaypal_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijaypal Singh">Vijaypal Singh</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokesh_Kumar_Singhal" title="Lokesh Kumar Singhal">Lokesh Kumar Singhal</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manindra_Agrawal" title="Manindra Agrawal">Manindra Agrawal</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustansir_Barma" title="Mustansir Barma">Mustansir Barma</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Chander" title="Avinash Chander">Avinash Chander</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Govind_Dhande" title="Sanjay Govind Dhande">Sanjay Govind Dhande</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaraman_Gowrishankar" title="Jayaraman Gowrishankar">Jayaraman Gowrishankar</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_P._Kale" title="Sharad P. Kale">Sharad P. Kale</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankar_Kumar_Pal" title="Sankar Kumar Pal">Sankar Kumar Pal</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_B._Phatak" title="Deepak B. Phatak">Deepak B. Phatak</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudundi_Ramakrishna_Raju" title="Mudundi Ramakrishna Raju">Mudundi Ramakrishna Raju</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_K._Sood" title="Ajay K. Sood">Ajay K. Sood</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._VijayRaghavan" class="mw-redirect" title="K. VijayRaghavan">K. VijayRaghavan</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhar_Basu" title="Sekhar Basu">Sekhar Basu</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavan_Chandradathan" title="Madhavan Chandradathan">Madhavan Chandradathan</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Kumar_Ghosh" title="Jayanta Kumar Ghosh">Jayanta Kumar Ghosh</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Grover" title="Ravi Grover">Ravi Grover</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_V._Hosur" title="Ramakrishna V. Hosur">Ramakrishna V. Hosur</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._D._Jemmis" title="E. D. Jemmis">E. D. Jemmis</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._S._Kiran_Kumar" title="A. S. Kiran Kumar">A. S. Kiran Kumar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Kumar_Parida" title="Ajay Kumar Parida">Ajay Kumar Parida</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Y._S._Prasad" title="M. Y. S. Prasad">M. Y. S. Prasad</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Singh" title="Brahma Singh">Brahma Singh</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_K._Singh" title="Vinod K. Singh">Vinod K. Singh</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govindan_Sundararajan" title="Govindan Sundararajan">Govindan Sundararajan</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subbiah_Arunan" title="Subbiah Arunan">Subbiah Arunan</a> (2015)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacques Blamont</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Prabhakar" title="N. Prabhakar">N. Prabhakar</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prahlada_(scientist)" title="Prahlada (scientist)">Prahlada</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._K._Shivakumar" title="S. K. Shivakumar">S. K. Shivakumar</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylswamy_Annadurai" title="Mylswamy Annadurai">Mylswamy Annadurai</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipankar_Chatterji" title="Dipankar Chatterji">Dipankar Chatterji</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satish_Kumar_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satish Kumar (scientist) (page does not exist)">Satish Kumar</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkar_Nath_Srivastava" title="Onkar Nath Srivastava">Onkar Nath Srivastava</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veena_Tandon" title="Veena Tandon">Veena Tandon</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._Yadav" title="G. D. Yadav">G. D. Yadav</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Nath_Goswami" title="Jitendra Nath Goswami">Jitendra Nath Goswami</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintakindi_Mallesham" title="Chintakindi Mallesham">Chintakindi Mallesham</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitava_Roy" title="Amitava Roy">Amitava Roy</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Chandra_Thakur" title="Vikram Chandra Thakur">Vikram Chandra Thakur</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagopalan_Vasudevan" title="Rajagopalan Vasudevan">Rajagopalan Vasudevan</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manas_Bihari_Verma" title="Manas Bihari Verma">Manas Bihari Verma</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uddhab_Bharali" title="Uddhab Bharali">Uddhab Bharali</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldev_Singh_Dhillon" title="Baldev Singh Dhillon">Baldev Singh Dhillon</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_Godbole" title="Rohini Godbole">Rohini Godbole</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Kak" title="Subhash Kak">Subhash Kak</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raman_Gangakhedkar" title="Raman Gangakhedkar">Raman Gangakhedkar</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujoy_K._Guha" title="Sujoy K. Guha">Sujoy K. Guha</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Manilal" title="K. S. Manilal">K. S. Manilal</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vashishtha_Narayan_Singh" title="Vashishtha Narayan Singh">Vashishtha Narayan Singh</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalappil_Pradeep" title="Thalappil Pradeep">Thalappil Pradeep</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._C._Verma" title="H. C. Verma">H. C. Verma</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhir_K._Jain" title="Sudhir K. Jain">Sudhir K. Jain</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan_Lal" title="Rattan Lal">Rattan Lal</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subbanna_Ayyappan" title="Subbanna Ayyappan">Subbanna Ayyappan</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghamitra_Bandyopadhyay" title="Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay">Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya_Prasad_Dash" title="Aditya Prasad Dash">Aditya Prasad Dash</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Lal_Madan" class="mw-redirect" title="Moti Lal Madan">Moti Lal Madan</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_K._Rajvanshi" title="Anil K. Rajvanshi">Anil K. Rajvanshi</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajay_Kumar_Sonkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajay Kumar Sonkar (page does not exist)">Ajay Kumar Sonkar</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jyantkumar_Maganlal_Vyas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jyantkumar Maganlal Vyas (page does not exist)">Jyantkumar Maganlal Vyas</a> (2022)</li> <li>Khadar Valli Dudekula (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modadugu_Vijay_Gupta" title="Modadugu Vijay Gupta">Modadugu Vijay Gupta</a> (2023)</li> <li>Ganesh Nagappa Krishnarajanagara (2023)</li> <li>Arvind Kumar (2023)</li> <li>Mahendra Pal (2023)</li> <li>Bakshi Ram (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujatha_Ramdorai" title="Sujatha Ramdorai">Sujatha Ramdorai</a> (2023)</li> <li>Abbareddy Nageswara Rao (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&oldid=1245490936">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&oldid=1245490936</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1926_births" title="Category:1926 births">1926 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020_deaths" title="Category:2020 deaths">2020 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_astrophysicists" title="Category:French astrophysicists">French astrophysicists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_science_writers" title="Category:French science writers">French science writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Padma_Shri_in_science_%26_engineering" title="Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering">Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Friendship_of_Peoples" title="Category:Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples">Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences">Members of the French Academy of Sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_fellows_of_the_Indian_National_Science_Academy" title="Category:Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy">Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_associates_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences">Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_physicists" title="Category:20th-century French physicists">20th-century French physicists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_French_physicists" title="Category:21st-century French physicists">21st-century French physicists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_male_writers" title="Category:20th-century French male writers">20th-century French male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_French_male_writers" title="Category:21st-century French male writers">21st-century French male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:20th-century French non-fiction writers">20th-century French non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_French_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:21st-century French non-fiction writers">21st-century French non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_male_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:French male non-fiction writers">French male non-fiction writers</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2020" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2020">Articles with dead external links from January 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2020">Use dmy dates from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA" title="Category:Pages with French IPA">Pages with French IPA</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 September 2024, at 08:34<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Blamont&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-79d9bc49cc-9655v","wgBackendResponseTime":1198,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.763","walltime":"1.052","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3905,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":108161,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3523,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":154725,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 807.856 1 -total"," 31.56% 254.947 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.44% 181.275 25 Template:Cite_web"," 14.82% 119.725 1 Template:IPA"," 14.25% 115.083 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 10.43% 84.223 1 Template:Authority_control"," 7.42% 59.935 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.91% 47.704 11 Template:Cite_book"," 4.78% 38.615 19 Template:Main_other"," 3.53% 28.542 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.448","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14951354,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-79d9bc49cc-9655v","timestamp":"20241202214236","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Jacques Blamont","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacques_Blamont","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3158294","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3158294","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2015-03-07T17:12:06Z","dateModified":"2024-09-13T08:34:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a8\/Jacques_Blamont%2C_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"French astrophysicist (1926\u20132020)"}</script> </body> </html>