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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="زمييريت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زمييريت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Цимерит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цимерит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimmer%C4%ABts" title="Cimmerīts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cimmerīts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="ツィンメリット・コーティング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツィンメリット・コーティング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Циммерит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Циммерит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Циммерит – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Циммерит" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerit" title="Zimmerit – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Zimmerit" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q203669#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zimmerit" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Anti magnetic mine coating for German tanks, WW2</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Zimmerit" title="Special:EditPage/Zimmerit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Zimmerit%22">"Zimmerit"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Zimmerit%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Zimmerit%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Zimmerit%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Zimmerit%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Zimmerit%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-299-1802-08,_Nordfrankreich,_Michael_Wittmann_auf_Panzer_VI_(Tiger_I).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tank Ace Michael Wittmann, wearing Waffen SS dress uniform, sits atop the main gun of his Tiger tank. The tank is covered in a ridged paste." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-299-1802-08%2C_Nordfrankreich%2C_Michael_Wittmann_auf_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_I%29.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-299-1802-08%2C_Nordfrankreich%2C_Michael_Wittmann_auf_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_I%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-299-1802-08%2C_Nordfrankreich%2C_Michael_Wittmann_auf_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_I%29.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-299-1802-08%2C_Nordfrankreich%2C_Michael_Wittmann_auf_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_I%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-299-1802-08%2C_Nordfrankreich%2C_Michael_Wittmann_auf_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_I%29.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-299-1802-08%2C_Nordfrankreich%2C_Michael_Wittmann_auf_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_I%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>Close view of <i>Zimmerit</i> on the turret and hull of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wittmann" title="Michael Wittmann">Michael Wittmann</a>'s Tiger I.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zimmerit_Tiger_II_1_Bovington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Zimmerit_Tiger_II_1_Bovington.jpg/220px-Zimmerit_Tiger_II_1_Bovington.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Zimmerit_Tiger_II_1_Bovington.jpg/330px-Zimmerit_Tiger_II_1_Bovington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Zimmerit_Tiger_II_1_Bovington.jpg/440px-Zimmerit_Tiger_II_1_Bovington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Close view of <i>Zimmerit</i> on the corner of a Tiger II</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zimmerit_Tiger_II_2_Bovington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Zimmerit_Tiger_II_2_Bovington.jpg/220px-Zimmerit_Tiger_II_2_Bovington.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Zimmerit_Tiger_II_2_Bovington.jpg/330px-Zimmerit_Tiger_II_2_Bovington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Zimmerit_Tiger_II_2_Bovington.jpg/440px-Zimmerit_Tiger_II_2_Bovington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Close view of <i>Zimmerit</i> on the glacis of a Tiger II</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Zimmerit</b></i> was a paste-like coating used on mid- and late-war German <a href="/wiki/Armored_fighting_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored fighting vehicle">armored fighting vehicles</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. It was used to produce a hard layer covering the metal armor of the vehicle, providing enough separation that magnetically attached <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_mine" title="Anti-tank mine">anti-tank mines</a> would fail to stick to the vehicle, despite Germany being the only country to use magnetic anti-tank mines in numbers. <i>Zimmerit</i> was often left off late-war vehicles due to the unfounded concern that it could catch fire when hit.<sup id="cite_ref-tiger_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiger-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was developed by the German company Chemische Werke Zimmer & Co (<a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Spalding_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spalding-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimmerit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The coating was a barrier that prevented direct contact of magnetic mines with metal surfaces of vehicles. The <a href="/wiki/Magnetostatic_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetostatic field">magnetostatic field</a> decreases very rapidly, with the cube of distance; the non-magnetic coating holds the magnet of the mine too far from the steel of the vehicle for it to adhere.<sup id="cite_ref-Spalding_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spalding-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rottman19_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rottman19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coating was normally ridged to increase the distance between the magnet and the armor even further, as the high points on the pattern increase the effective thickness of the coating while minimising additional weight. </p><p>The mixture had the consistency of a thick paste or putty. It was applied to the vehicle, usually at the factory, patterned, and then hardened with <a href="/wiki/Blow_torch" class="mw-redirect" title="Blow torch">blow torches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tiger_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiger-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were many variations seen in application designs, from the regular ridge-shaped pattern, to a less common waffle-shaped pattern. The differences mostly related to the factory producing each type of AFV. For example, the waffle pattern was seen almost exclusively on <a href="/wiki/Sturmgesch%C3%BCtz_III" title="Sturmgeschütz III">Sturmgeschütz III</a> assault guns. In general, vehicles already in service were not coated with Zimmerit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deployment">Deployment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimmerit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Deployment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The German army introduced the <i><a href="/wiki/Hafthohlladung" title="Hafthohlladung">Hafthohlladung</a></i> anti-tank weapon in 1942. This consisted of a <a href="/wiki/Shaped_charge" title="Shaped charge">shaped charge</a> warhead connected to a metal ring holding three powerful <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_magnet" title="Horseshoe magnet">horseshoe magnets</a>. Issued to infantry, the user would run up to the tank and place the device on any surface to which the magnets would stick. The user would then pull the safety pin and run for safety. The magnets not only held the mine to the vehicle but also provided the correct spacing between warhead and armor, allowing the penetrator jet to form properly. Concerned that the simple design could be easily copied in the USSR, or the possibility that many of these weapons could fall into the hands of their enemies, the German army began looking for ways to defeat such a weapon when used against their own vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-tiger_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiger-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Sturmgeschutz_III_(5781147553).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/German_Sturmgeschutz_III_%285781147553%29.jpg/250px-German_Sturmgeschutz_III_%285781147553%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/German_Sturmgeschutz_III_%285781147553%29.jpg/330px-German_Sturmgeschutz_III_%285781147553%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/German_Sturmgeschutz_III_%285781147553%29.jpg/500px-German_Sturmgeschutz_III_%285781147553%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>Stug III with waffle-pattern zimmerit, IWM Duxford museum collection.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Zimmerit</i> was applied to some tanks and <a href="/wiki/Casemate#Armoured_vehicles" title="Casemate">casemate</a>-style closed-top self-propelled guns and tank destroyers produced from December 1943 to 9 September 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-rottman19_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rottman19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was only rarely applied to open-topped AFVs. The rough appearance of the coating gave a distinct appearance; for one type, e.g. a shingle-like look. </p><p><i>Zimmerit</i> was discontinued from factory application on 9 September 1944 and from field application on 7 October 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-J&D20_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J&D20-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was due to concerns that projectile impacts could ignite it. These proved false, but the order was never rescinded.<sup id="cite_ref-rottman19_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rottman19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-J&D20_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J&D20-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applying and drying the paste added days to the production of each vehicle,<sup id="cite_ref-Spalding_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spalding-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was unacceptable as there was a shortage of tanks. </p><p>Following the war, the British carried out trials of a similar material on <a href="/wiki/Churchill_tank" title="Churchill tank">Churchill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Cromwell</a> tanks and some trials were conducted in Canada with a similar material applied to self-propelled guns<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it was not implemented. No similar material was used on post-war tanks as the widespread use of man-portable <a href="/wiki/HEAT" class="mw-redirect" title="HEAT">HEAT</a> rockets such as the <a href="/wiki/Bazooka" title="Bazooka">bazooka</a> made magnetic mines obsolete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ingredients">Ingredients</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimmerit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ingredients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zimmerit_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Zimmerit_2.jpg/250px-Zimmerit_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Zimmerit_2.jpg/330px-Zimmerit_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Zimmerit_2.jpg/500px-Zimmerit_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Squares pattern</figcaption></figure> <p>The paste was composed of the following:<sup id="cite_ref-Spalding_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spalding-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rottman19_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rottman19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>40% <a href="/wiki/Barium_sulfate" title="Barium sulfate">barium sulfate</a> – BaSO<sub>4</sub></li> <li>25% <a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_acetate" title="Polyvinyl acetate">polyvinyl acetate</a> – PVA (similar to <a href="/wiki/Wood_glue" title="Wood glue">wood glue</a>)</li> <li>15% <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ochre" title="Ochre">ochre</a>)</li> <li>10% <a href="/wiki/Zinc_sulfide" title="Zinc sulfide">zinc sulfide</a> – ZnS</li> <li>10% <a href="/wiki/Sawdust" title="Sawdust">sawdust</a></li></ul> <p>In the raw paste, polyvinyl acetate was used in the form of "Mowilith 20", a 50% <a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">benzene</a> solution.<sup id="cite_ref-Spalding_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spalding-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the drying process, the benzene evaporated and the mixture hardened. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vehicles_with_factory_application">Vehicles with factory application</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimmerit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vehicles with factory application"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PanzerV_Ausf.G_1_sk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/PanzerV_Ausf.G_1_sk.jpg/220px-PanzerV_Ausf.G_1_sk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/PanzerV_Ausf.G_1_sk.jpg/330px-PanzerV_Ausf.G_1_sk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/PanzerV_Ausf.G_1_sk.jpg/440px-PanzerV_Ausf.G_1_sk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>Panther Ausf. G with Zimmerit</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sturmgeschutz_III_G_SdKfz_142_slash_1_pic17.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sturmgeschutz_III_G_SdKfz_142_slash_1_pic17.JPG/220px-Sturmgeschutz_III_G_SdKfz_142_slash_1_pic17.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sturmgeschutz_III_G_SdKfz_142_slash_1_pic17.JPG/330px-Sturmgeschutz_III_G_SdKfz_142_slash_1_pic17.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sturmgeschutz_III_G_SdKfz_142_slash_1_pic17.JPG/440px-Sturmgeschutz_III_G_SdKfz_142_slash_1_pic17.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>StuG III with waffle pattern</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_III" title="Panzer III">Panzer III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_IV" title="Panzer IV">Panzer IV</a><sup id="cite_ref-rottman19_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rottman19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panther_tank" title="Panther tank">Panther</a><sup id="cite_ref-rottman19_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rottman19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_I" title="Tiger I">Tiger I</a><sup id="cite_ref-rottman19_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rottman19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - mid and late production models only</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_II" title="Tiger II">Tiger II</a><sup id="cite_ref-rottman19_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rottman19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - early models only</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elefant" title="Elefant">Elefant</a> - 48 Ferdinands rebuilt at <a href="/wiki/Nibelungenwerk" title="Nibelungenwerk">Nibelungenwerk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/StuG_III" class="mw-redirect" title="StuG III">StuG III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/StuG_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="StuG IV">StuG IV</a></i> - early models only</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jagdtiger" title="Jagdtiger">Jagdtiger</a></i> - Porsche versions only</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jagdpanther" title="Jagdpanther">Jagdpanther</a></i> - early models only</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jagdpanzer_IV" title="Jagdpanzer IV">Jagdpanzer IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brummb%C3%A4r" title="Brummbär">Brummbär</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._251" title="Sd.Kfz. 251">Sd.Kfz. 251</a></i> - very rare</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimmerit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimmerit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tiger-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tiger_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiger_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiger_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGreenBrown2008" class="citation book cs1">Green, Michael; Brown, James (15 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KLIH9ZKEsXAC&pg=PA114"><i>Tiger Tanks at War</i></a>. Voyageur Press. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610600316" title="Special:BookSources/9781610600316"><bdi>9781610600316</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tiger+Tanks+at+War&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.date=2008-02-15&rft.isbn=9781610600316&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Brown%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKLIH9ZKEsXAC%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZimmerit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spalding-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spalding_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spalding_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spalding_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spalding_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spalding_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpalding">Spalding</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rottman19-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rottman19_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rottman19_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rottman19_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rottman19_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rottman19_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rottman19_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rottman19_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rottman19_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRottman2005">Rottman 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vCwV1bC47-cC&pg=PA19">p. 19.</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J&D20-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-J&D20_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J&D20_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJentzDoyle1993">Jentz & Doyle 1993</a>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Appendix 'A' to 21 Army Group AFV Technical Report No. 26</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimmerit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Appendix 'A' to 21 Army Group AFV Technical Report No.26 on the application of anti-magnetic compound as camouflage</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJentzDoyle1993" class="citation cs2">Jentz, Thomas; Doyle, Hilary (1993), <i>Kingtiger Heavy Tank, 1942-45</i>, London: Osprey, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-282-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-282-X"><bdi>1-85532-282-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingtiger+Heavy+Tank%2C+1942-45&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-85532-282-X&rft.aulast=Jentz&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Doyle%2C+Hilary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZimmerit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRottman2005" class="citation cs2">Rottman, Gordon (2005), <i>World War II Infantry Anti-Tank Tactics</i>, City: Osprey Publishing (UK), <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-842-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-842-7"><bdi>978-1-84176-842-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+Infantry+Anti-Tank+Tactics&rft.place=City&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing+%28UK%29&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-842-7&rft.aulast=Rottman&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZimmerit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpalding" class="citation cs2">Spalding, Donald, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005162036/http://www.afvnews.ca/zimmerit.html">"ZIMMERIT: Production and Application Methods"</a>, <i>Afv News</i> (Jan–Apr/1983), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afvnews.ca/zimmerit.html">the original</a> on 2007-10-05</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Afv+News&rft.atitle=ZIMMERIT%3A+Production+and+Application+Methods&rft.issue=Jan%E2%80%93Apr%2F1983&rft.aulast=Spalding&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afvnews.ca%2Fzimmerit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZimmerit" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimmerit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMakos2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Makos" title="Adam Makos">Makos, Adam</a> (2019). <i><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(Makos_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spearhead (Makos novel)">Spearhead</a></i> (1st ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine Books</a>. pp. 32, 305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804176729" title="Special:BookSources/9780804176729"><bdi>9780804176729</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2018039460">2018039460</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL27342118M">27342118M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spearhead&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=32%2C+305&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL27342118M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2018039460&rft.isbn=9780804176729&rft.aulast=Makos&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZimmerit" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimmerit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zimmerit" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zimmerit">Zimmerit</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panzerworld.net/zimmerit.html">"The history of Zimmerit"</a>, <i>panzerworld.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=panzerworld.net&rft.atitle=The+history+of+Zimmerit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panzerworld.net%2Fzimmerit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZimmerit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cKLs10-ucw">British Zimmerit - Tank Design & Development</a> <i>Armoured Archives</i>, YouTube</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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